taxonID	type	description	language	source
824987FADA5CFFC2FF0EFF12FA6EFF4D.taxon	discussion	(the couplets 3 – 11 (except for P. (P.) litigiosum and P. (P.) elegans) represent P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA5BFFCCFF0EFEB5FDDCFE2C.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 29, 104)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA5BFFCCFF0EFEB5FDDCFE2C.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Southwestern Madagascar (Ihorombe Region): sclerophylous woodland area with Tapia trees (Uapaca boeri Baill) in the Isalo National Park near Ranohira. Type material. Holotype ♁ in SDEI, labelled: “ Madagascar SW: Isalo N. P / S 22 ° 33´07 ´´; E 45 ° 24´49.5 ´´ / 825 m, 11 - I. 2010 / leg. Jan Vybíral ” [printed]. Allotype ♀ in CJVB with the same locality label except for: “ 4. I. 2017 / leg. Jan & Ondřej Vybíral ”. Paratypes. 1 ♁, 6 ♀♀ in CJVB with same locality label as in holotype. 7 ♁♁, 22 ♀♀ in CJVB, 1 ♁ in MNHN, 1 ♀ in SDEI, 1 ♀ in MFNB, 1 ♀ in BMNH, 2 ♁♁, 5 ♀♀ in CCJM with same locality label as in allotype. 4 ♁♁, 4 ♀♀ in MSCB with same labels as in allotype except for “ leg. Miroslav Svoboda ”. 1 ♀ in CMTD, 2 ♁♁ in CJVB: “ Madagascar, 2007 / Isalo Nat. Park, camp / Namaza, near Ranohira / M. Trýzna leg., 17 - 18. I. ” [printed]. 1 ♁ in ZUAC, 2 ♁♁, 1 ♀ in MHCW: “ near Ranohira, Isalo N. P., / Iforombe Reg. / Madagascar / Dec. 9, 2017, Michio Hori & / Elysé Razanajaonarivalona leg. ” [printed]. All type specimens labelled: “ Holotype (Allotype or Paratype respectively) / Pogonostoma (s. str.) / ondravybirali sp. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec / & Jan Vybíral 2020 ”. [red, printed]. Other material examined. 2 ♁♁ in CJVB: “ Madagascar SW / Zombitse N. P., 6. I. 2017 / leg. Jan & Ondřej Vybíral ”.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA5BFFCCFF0EFEB5FDDCFE2C.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov. is placed here in the P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex within the rather large P. (P.) elegans species-group (sensu Moravec 2007). P. (P.) atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934 (treated below) shares the punctate-setose posterior pronotal lobe with the new species but is clearly differentiated by notably larger punctures on its elytral surface (Figs 41 – 49), and its pronotal disc is covered with more anastomosing tubercles forming short or more elongate and continuous transverse rugae on wide median discal area (Figs 50 – 54); moreover the aedeagus in (P.) atrorotundatum has notably elongated and ventrad-bent apex (in its left lateral aspect, Figs 55 – 66). Other two rather similar species of the complex are P. (P.) natsuae Moravec, Razanajaonarivalona & Hori 2020 and P. (P.) meridionale Fleutiaux, 1899. Both share a comparatively fine elytral punctation with the new species, but differ in having their posterior pronotal lobe glabrous and aedeagus apex of a different shape (see Moravec et al. (2020). In addition, P. (P.) meridionale possesses notably more irregular elytral punctation and conspicuously ferrugineous (rusty) setosity. P. (P.) rivalieri Moravec, 2005 possesses a similar (though rather straighter) aedeagus apex, but principally differs from the new species in having outer pronotal margins subparallel to parallel (particularly in male) and posterior pronotal lobe glabrous. P. (P.) praetervisum Moravec, 2005 has its aedeagus (in its lateral view) somewhat similar to the new species, but clearly differs in having its elytral punctation much coarser (similar to that of P. (P.) atrorotundatum) and its pronotal disc covered with rather fine and shallow transverse rugae (see Moravec 2005, 2007). The leading representative of the P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex, P. alluaudi W. Horn, 1898, differs from the new species in having coarser elytral punctation, and immediately in its black-blue to violaceous-blue body. The labrum possesses a rather similar shape (including usual variability) in all species of the P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex, except for the number of anterior setae (but their number may vary in some specimens and the setae may be easily abraded).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA5BFFCCFF0EFEB5FDDCFE2C.taxon	description	Description. Body (Figs 1 – 2) medium-sized, 9.50 – 11.0 (HT 10.5, AT 10.9) mm long, 2.40 – 2.90 (HT 2.65, AT 2.90) mm wide, pitchy-black. Head (Fig 10) notably narrower than body, width 2.00 – 2.15 mm; temples short (approximately 2.6 – 2.8 times shorter than eyes). Frons merging with clypeus in middle and not differentiated from vertex, flat or moderately convex; supraantennal keels sometimes merging with surface sculpture, usually consisting of moderately elevated posterior crest forming semi-ovoid apex of supraantennal plate; surface very irregularly scabrous. Vertex moderately convex in middle with faint posteromedian impression, surface rather coarsely and very ir-regularly scabriculous-cristulate, posterior and occipital area covered with somewhat finer, irregularly vermicular or wavy, short crests, passing to irregular and coarsely scabrous sculpture on temples; dorsal surface of head covered with erect, very short, whitish, or partly pale straw-yellow hairlike setae which are better obvious in lateral view. Genae rather finely and shallowly striate, striae coarser and more irregular on postgenal and juxtaorbital area while basal area almost smooth and with few semierect, easily abraded whitish setae. Clypeus pitchy-black, rough coriaceous to irregularly scabriculous, covered with scattered whitish, mostly short setae. Labrum primarily 8 - setose, rarely 7 - setose (with 5 – 6 anterior and 2 lateral, ochre to ochre-brown setae); surface black, with only moderate central convexity, rough-coriaceous, glabrous (except for occasional setae passing from clypeus); lateral margins moderately arcuate towards indistinct lateral indentations with deep setigerous puncture, sexually dimorphic; male labrum (Figs 6 – 7) short, 0.60 – 0.65 mm long, 1.05 – 1.25 mm wide, anterolateral teeth variably rounded or subacute or else flattened, anterior margin truncate or shallowly emarginate, irregularly dentate, the teeth usually partly or entirely effaced; female labrum (Fig. 8) notably prolonged anteriad, mostly almost semicircular due to almost arcuate anterolateral margins towards small almost right-angled subacute anterolateral teeth and rather narrow, truncate and irregularly dentate anterior margin; length 0.75 – 0.80 mm, width 1.10 – 1.30 mm. Maxillae (Fig. 5): galea black, usually with depigmented median orifice and tip of basal (longest) galeomere and with brownish tip of the terminal palpomere; lacinia with apical portion moderately to more distinctly spatulatedilated, 0.30 – 0.33 mm wide, black with brownish, rarely reddish-brown faint tinge and with brownish or rusty setae mixed with whitish hairlike setae. Palpi (Fig. 10). Both maxillary and labial palpi elongate (of usual length and shape), black, except for cinnamon-brown apical half of terminal palpomeres, with long, black-brown setae with mahogany to violet tinge; surface of maxillary palpi covered with scattered, short whitish or greyish microtrichia; longest palpomeres of labial palpi with bumpy surface and depigmented apices. Mandibles (Figs 34) mahogany-brown, teeth usually paler, with rather short terminal teeth; sexually dimorphic in shape: male mandibles (Fig. 4) subsymmetrical (apart from the universally longer terminal tooth in right mandible) with second tooth in both mandibles notably smaller than third tooth; female mandibles (Fig. 3) with inner teeth of right mandible longer and almost of the same size; convex basolateral portions black-brown with short, scattered greyish-white setae Antennae (Figs 1 – 2, 10) black, in male as long as body or slightly longer, in female somewhat shorter; scape with one or two long, yellow-brown subapical (easily abraded) setae, surface covered with indistinct whitish microsetae; antennomeres 2 – 4 with scattered whitish microsetae, 5 – 11 with usual micro-pubescence. Thorax: pronotum (Figs 17 – 20) elongate, 2.35 – 2.70 mm long, 1.55 – 1.80 mm wide; anterior lobe slightly or more notably narrower than posterior lobe, its surface rather coarsely and irregularly scabrous-rugulose with scattered umbilicate tubercles bearing whitish hairlike setae; pronotal disc in male (Figs 17, 19) with moderately convex, lateral margins (ellipsoidal); in lateral view subgibbose (Fig. 20) in female subglobose (Fig. 18); notopleural sutures invisible from above; median line indistinct, partly merging with irregular surface sculpture consisting of rather coarse tubercles which are mostly isolated and umbilicate, particularly on lateral areas, while those on median area are occasionally or more commonly transversely connected into very short, transverse crests; shiny posteromedian area adjacent to posterior lobe covered with fine and shallow, mostly transverse stria-like rugae; whole discal surface covered with scattered, short, decumbent or erect, whitish to pale straw-yellow hairlike setae mostly arising from setigerous pits of the umbilicate tubercles (setae easily abraded and usually barely obvious on median area in dorsal view, but better recognizable in lateral view (Fig. 20); posterior lobe shiny, sparsely irregularly wrinkled and sparsely or rather densely punctate-setose with whitish setae which may appear blackened, particularly on lateral areas; proepisterna (Fig. 20) large, almost smooth and shiny, with only sparse and fine setigerous punctures and short parallel-wrinkles on juxtanotopleural area; mesepisterna shiny, with occasional setae on ventral area adjacent to mesosternum; mesepimeron deeply impressed; metepisterna notably long, deeply longitudinally impressed, smooth, with very sparse, barely visible whitish microtrichia; prosternum smooth, except for very fine transverse wrinkles, together with mesosternum rather densely covered with long and erect, whitish hairlike setae arising from barely visible setigerous micropunctures; metasternum almost smooth, indistinctly sparsely whitish setose, glabrous in middle. Elytra (Figs 11 – 16) elongate, 5.50 – 6.40 mm long, outer margins of elytral base obliquely sloped towards arcu-ate-rounded humeri; lateral margins almost parallel, with only slightly arched bulge in anterior third of the margin in male, and only indistinctly enlarged towards rounded lateral anteapical angles; elytral apices sexually dimorphic: male apex (Figs 11, 13) with mostly acute, almost thorn-like outer tooth, then faintly obliquely sloped towards small, right-angled inner tooth, and with faint sutural emargination towards very small or indistinct sutural spine; female apex (Figs 12, 14) with blunter and right-angled outer tooth and with right-angled but notably large inner tooth and deep (but narrow) excision towards indistinct sutural spine; elytral surface convex with moderate basodis-cal convexity delineated by deep (mutually V-shaped) discal impression, punctate throughout, except for effaced narrow basal and anterior basohumeral area; punctures larger and deep on two elytral thirds, large and mostly isolated also on lateral areas, deepest, largest and irregularly anastomosing by lowered lateral intervals on basodiscal convexity and median part of elytral disc, but reduced or partly (never entirely) effaced within the deep discal impression; limited area along sutures is covered with smaller and very irregular punctures; posterior declivity and whole anteapical area covered with smaller and more spaced punctures of a carinate shape, partly with almost aciculate posterior margins of intervals; surface of intervals shiny; setal vesture consisting of nearly erect, copious, moderately long, pale to straw-yellow ornamental setae which are mixed with very sparse, long and erect, whitish hairlike sensory setae, which are longest and numerous on lateral portion of humeri. Abdomen. Ventrites pitchy-black, covered with scattered, short and mostly appressed whitish setae; female ventrite 8 usually paler. Legs pitchy-black; coxae rather densely whitish-setose; profemora covered with rather dense medium-long whitish and darker setae; mesofemora with dense whitish setae on their dorsal surface, much sparser setae on ventral area; metafemora with sparser, brownish and black mostly stiffer setae; protibiae with dense whitish appressed setae and a few longer erect brown setae on ventral area; mesotibiae with blackened setae except for dark ferrugineous, dense setae on their apical area; metatibiae densely covered with mostly black setae; protarsi covered with whitish and darkened setae (and as in all species, first three protarsomeres in male dilated and with dense setose pad); meso-and metatarsi covered with brown and blackened setae; claws rusty or rusty-brown. Aedeagus of almost uniform size, 2.50 – 2.60 mm long, 0.40 mm wide, in its left lateral aspect (Figs 21, 23, 26, 28) rather distinctly bent in middle, apical portion conically tapered towards rather small, rounded, only very slightly dorsad-bent apex; the aedeagus in its ventral (and dorsal) aspect (Figs 22, 24, 25, 27, 29) is conically attenuated and narrowed into moderately elongated apex. Variability. Apart from the somewhat variable shape of the labrum (particularly in male as obvious in Figs 6 – 7), the size of the elytral punctures in the new species may slightly vary (but the punctation never consist of so extremely large punctures as in P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) praetervisum, and P. (P.) alluaudi. Likewise, the tubercles on the pronotal surface may be somewhat more anastomosing on the discal median area, but never consisting of transverse rugae as in the above-mentioned species. The aedeagus apex, which is predominantly consistent in shape, may appear shorter due to the state of its apical orifice (as for instance with partly prolapsed internal sac in HT shown in Fig. 21).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA5BFFCCFF0EFEB5FDDCFE2C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named after one of the collectors, Ondřej Vybíral (son of the second author of the present paper).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA5BFFCCFF0EFEB5FDDCFE2C.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Pogonostoma (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. inhabits the sclerophylous woodland area of the Isalo National Park near Ranohira (Southwestern Madagascar, region of Ihorombe). Adults from the type lo-cality were taken from the coarse bark of the fire-resistant trees called Tapia (= Uapaca bojeri Baill). Two examined males were caught on a different kind of tree in the Zombitse-Vohibasia National Park near Sakaraha, situated 90 km southwest from the Isalo massif.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA55FFD7FF0EFE5EFA95FCB0.taxon	description	(Figs 30 – 66, 105)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA55FFD7FF0EFE5EFA95FCB0.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. “ Central-western Madagascar ” (see “ Distribution and biology ” below).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA55FFD7FF0EFE5EFA95FCB0.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. “ Forêt de Bongolava ” (see “ Distribution and biology ” below).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA55FFD7FF0EFE5EFA95FCB0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material of Pogonostoma elegans atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934. Lectotype (designated by Moravec 2005), ♁ in SDEI, labelled: “ C. W Madag. ” [handwritten] // “ Type / W. Horn ” [printed] // “ Syntypus ” [red, printed] // “ Coll. W. Horn / DEI, Eberswalde ” [printed] // “ Lectotype / Pogonostoma elegans / atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934 / design. Jiří Moravec 2004 ” [red, printed] // “ Pogonostoma (s. str.) / atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934 / det. J. Moravec 2004 ” [printed]. Paralectotypes. 1 ♁, 1 ♀ in SDEI: “ C. W Madag. ” [handwritten]. 2 ♀♀ in SDEI: “ Madagascar / Tananarive ” [green, printed] // “ Guy Babault ” [printed] // “ Mus. Paris ” [handwritten / printed]. 1 ♀ in SDEI: “ Tanan-arivo ” [handwritten]. All paralectotypes in SDEI labelled: “ Type / W. Horn ” [printed] // “ Syntypus ” [red, printed] // “ Coll. W. Horn / DEI, Eberswalde ” [printed]. 1 ♀ in MNHN: “ Museum Paris / Madagascar / Dr. R. Maire 1912 ” [green, printed] // “ Clivius B ...... [illegible] / Miandrivazo ” [handwritten] // “ Cotype / W. Horn ” [printed]. All para-lectotypes labelled: “ Revision J. Moravec 2003: / Paralectotype / Pogonostoma elegans / atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934 ” [red, printed] // “ Pogonostoma (s. str.) / atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934 / det. J. Moravec 2004 ” [printed]. Type material of syn. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) rufidens Rivalier, 1970. Holotype ♁ in MNHN, labelled: “ Ft. de Bongolava ” [handwritten]; “ rufidens / Rivalier / Type ” [handwritten] // “ Type ” [red, printed] // “ Museum Paris / J. Millot ” [blue, printed]. Paratypes. 1 ♁ in MNHN with same locality label as in holotype. 6 ♁♁ in MNHN: “ Madagascar / Tananarive ” [green, printed]. 1 ♁ in NHMW: “ Madagascar / Tananarive ” [green, printed] // “ Pog. rufidens m. / Riv. det. ” [handwritten] // “ Coll. K. Mandl ” [printed] // “ Ideotype ” (sic!) [red, printed]. 1 ♁ in CCJM (ex APCA) [its aedeagus extracted, mounted and stored separately by Rivalier]: “ Madagascar / Tananarive ” [green, printed // “ Pog. rufidens m. / Riv. det. ” [handwritten] // “ Pogonostoma (s. str.) / atrorotundatum W. Horn, 1934 / det. J. Moravec 2004 ” [printed]. Other material examined. 1 ♀ in MNHN: “ Ft. de Bongolava ”. 1 ♀ in MNHN: “ Tananarive ”. 1 ♁, 1 ♀ in CKWP: “ Madagascar / Antsalova, XII. 1982 ” [blue, handwritten]. 1 ♁ in MNHN: “ Museum Paris / Madagascar / col. Perrier de la Bathie, 1906 ” [green, printed]. 3 ♁♁, 1 ♀ in CCJM, 1 ♁ in MHCW: “ Madagascar Ouest / Ant-salova, (Plateau du Bemaraha) / I. 1978 A. Peyrieras ”. 1 ♁, 1 ♀ in CCJM: ibid. and: “ collecteur loc. ”. Recent data. 5 ♁♁, 1 ♀ in JWCW, 5 ♁♁ in HSCA, 1 ♀ in CCJM: “ Madagascar / 16 ° 05 ’ S, 46 ° 55 ’ E / Mahajanga prov. / Ankara-fantsika Nat. Park, 6 - 12.1.2002 / I. Andrew, V. Dolin & R. Andreeva leg. ”. 2 ♁♁ in CCJM: “ Madagascar Ouest / Ambalatomby 16 km N de Boriziny (Port Bergé) / 30. I. 2000, leg. Jiří Moravec ”. 3 ♁♁, 2 ♀♀ in CJVB, 1 ♀ in CCJM: “ Madagascar, Sambirano / Ankaramy env. / Massif du Manongarivo / 3. II. 2000, leg. Jan Vybíral ”.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA55FFD7FF0EFE5EFA95FCB0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Pogonostoma (P.) atrorotundatum is distinguished from P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. principally by its elongate aedeagus which in its left lateral view (Figs 55, 57 – 60, 63, 65) possesses only moderately bent basal half and notably elongate, more distinctly dorsad-bent rounded apex. Body dorsally black or with faint metallic lustre, rarely bright blue to violaceous-blue (see “ Variability ” and “ Remarks ” below). Mandibles generally darker with brownish-ferrugineous teeth or with only brownish apices of teeth (faded to testaceous-brownish in old specimens). For other differences and distinctions from others of the P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex see “ Differential diagnosis ” under P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. above.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA55FFD7FF0EFE5EFA95FCB0.taxon	description	Redescription. Body (Figs 30 – 31) medium-sized, 9.00 – 11.5 (LT 10.0) mm long, 2.60 – 2.90 (LT 2.70) mm wide, black (faded to black-brown in old specimens) rarely with blue or violaceous lustre (faded or vanished in old specimens). Head conspicuously narrower than body, width 2.00 – 2.35 mm; temples very short, usually 2.8 – 3.4 times short-er than eyes). Frons merging with clypeus in middle and not differentiated from vertex, moderately convex in middle; supraantennal keels consisting of elevated, mostly sharp anterior crest and lower and blunt posterior one. Vertex with moderate posterior impression; frons-vertex surface irregularly scabrous-rugose, fine ridges on an-terior area acute, on median area vermicular and blunter, occipital area irregularly transverse-wavy rugulose; whole dorsal surface of head covered with white or blonde, decumbent and erect, hairlike setae. Genae nearly smooth on anterior area, striate-rugulose on postgenal-temporal area, with sparse, thin setae. Clypeus as in P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. (and others of the species-complex). Labrum with 4 – 7 anterior and 2 lateral testaceous setae; surface black (in old specimens fading to cinnamonbrown tinge in middle), shape generally as in P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. (and others of the species-complex); male labrum (Figs 36 – 39) 0.55 – 0.70 mm long, 1.10 – 1.35 mm wide, female labrum (Fig. 40) longer, length 0.75 – 0.85 mm, width 1.15 – 1.35 mm. Maxillae (Figs 34 – 35): generally shaped, coloured and sized as in P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. (in old specimens paler with cinnamon-brown tinge and lacinia with ochre-testaceous setae). Palpi generally as in P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. Mandibles (Figs 32 – 33) shaped as in P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. (and others of the species-complex), metallic-black with reddish-brown teeth and juxtamolar area or almost entirely ochre-brown to reddish-brown or mahogany-brown (faded to cinnamon-testaceous in old specimens). Antennae in male longer than body, in female slightly shorter than body, scape black (pale-brownish in some old specimens), antennomeres 2 – 4 black (dark-brown in old specimens), 5 – 11 with greyish-rusty microtrichia (incomplete in type specimens). Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 50 – 54) elongate, length 2.40 – 2.70 mm, width 1.65 – 1.85; anterior lobe slightly narrower than posterior lobe, its surface finely irregularly scabrous-rugulose and with scattered umbilicate tubercles bearing whitish hairlike setae; disc broadly ellipsoid in male, almost subglobose in female, notopleural sutures not obvious in dorsal view, median line indistinct, surface of disc coarsely irregularly transverse-rugulose; ridges anastomosing, short or elongate, or more continuous and transverse, usually more continuous in female, passing to mostly umbilicate tubercles on lateral areas (in both sexes); whole discal surface covered with scattered, long, decumbent or erect, hairlike, blonde to blackish setae (black setae better obvious on lateral areas); posterior lobe shiny, but with conspicuously uneven surface covered with large irregular foveae and setigerous punctures with blonde or blackened hairlike setae; lateral and ventral thoracic sterna as in P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov. Elytra (Figs 41 – 49) oblong, rather stout 5.70 – 6.90 mm long, generally stouter than in P. (P.) ondravybirali sp. nov; elytral apex barely dimorphic; in male (Figs 41 – 42, 45 – 48), variably with small and blunt or distinct subacute or acute outer tooth, sinuously convex in middle (as in LT) or obliquely sloped towards small, usually blunt inner tooth, with very faint sutural emargination towards indistinct sutural spine; apex in female (Figs 43 – 44, 49) with blunt or right-angled external tooth, then variably rounded in middle or forming rather distinct but rounded inner tooth and moderately or very shallowly arcuately emarginated towards suture (sutural spine indistinct or undeveloped); elytral surface convex and with moderate discal impression, extremely coarsely punctate throughout except for sparser and finer punctures on basolateral area and smooth narrow basohumeral area (not obvious from above); punctures of nearly equal size, deep and very large with very thin, mostly sharpened intervals, occasionally anasto-mosing in irregular chains as often transversely opened with declined interval; punctures on apical area shallower and finer; elytral setal vesture consisting of nearly erect, copious, moderately long, whitish or dirtily blonde ornamental setae mixed with sparse, or more copious, black ones; sparse, long and erect, blonde, hairlike sensory setae are present particularly on humeral areas. Legs. Coxae dark brown, covered with short, whitish setae; trochanters and femora concolorous with coxae, pro- and mesofemora pale-brown with white setae, metafemora almost black with dark setae; tibiae and tarsi blackbrown, protibiae and protarsi with whitish setae, mesotibiae and mesotarsi with mixture of white and black-brown setae, metatibiae and metatarsi with black-brown setae; hooks pale cinnamon-brown. Aedeagus notably elongate, length 2.55 – 2.85 mm, width 0.30 – 0.40 mm., in its left lateral aspect (Figs 55, 57 – 60) with only moderately bent basal half and notably elongate, dorsally moderately bent and rounded apex; aedeagus in dorsal and ventral aspects (Figs 56, 61, 62, 64) constricted to narrow, cylindric apex. Variability. The blue or blue-violaceous tinge is conspicuous on fresh specimens from northern areas (Ankarafantsika and Boriziny) but is not or only feebly obvious on old specimens including the type specimens (also those of synonymous P. (P.) rufidens). Similarly, the black setae are rare and barely visible on elytra of most old specimens, but are usually more obvious on fresh adults from Ankarafantsika, and particularly on those from Boriziny. As this variability is seen on elytra of specimens with sympatric occurrence, the distinction was considered by the first author (Moravec 2005, 2007) without taxonomic value. As also the mandibles of the adults from the abovementioned localities are prevailingly black except for reddish apices (both characters similar to P. (P.) alluaudi), the adults from the above-mentioned areas may represent a further undesribed species of the species-complex. Notwithstanding, they possess the same characteristic shape of the aedeagus apex as in the lectotype and other specimens including those from south-western areas of Madagascar (for instance from Antsalova).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA55FFD7FF0EFE5EFA95FCB0.taxon	distribution	Distribution and biology. Pogonostoma (P.) atrorotundatum is a rather rare species, though distributed in a large area of central-western Madagascar and in Sambirano. As discussed previously (Moravec 2007), the type locality “ Central-western Madagascar ” was not exactly specified. As no specimen was designated as a type by Horn (1934 a) or Olsoufieff (1934) and others until the syntype labelled “ C. W Madag. ” was designated as lectotype by Moravec (2005), the type locality was inaccurately mentioned as “ Miandrivazo ” by Jeannel (1946), followed by Rivalier (1970) who, however, clearly mentioned that the type is in “ Museum Eberswalde ” (now SDEI). As rectified previously (Moravec 2005, 2007), Horn (1934 a) mentioned in the original description of his Pogonostoma alluaudi atrorotundatum (as “ atro-rotundata ”): “ Madag. centr. occident. et per errorem “ Tananarive ”, Miandrivazo et per errorem “ Tananarive ”. Collectio autoris et Museum Paris ” It corresponds to the locality labels of the six syntypes (the male lectotype, one male and four female paralectotypes in SDEI and one female paralectotype (with “ Miandrivazo ” on its label) in MNHN cited in “ Type material examined ” above). Horn was quite right that the labels “ Tananarive ” or “ Tananarivo ” were erroneous as they were formerly synonyms for the whole island, when labelled as such (or as “ Annanarivo ”) by some historical insect dealers. The type specimens of the synonymous P. (P.) rufidens Rivalier, 1970 are labelled “ Ft. de Bongolava ”. The very extensive massif of Bongolava stretches in the western area of central Madagascar, parallel with the Bemaraha plateau, and the type specimens of P. (P.) rufidens come from the region 75 km NW of Tsiroanomandidy, a forested stripe between Ambaravaranala and Beravina, 1250 m a. s. l. (A. Peyrieras, pers. comm., Viette 1991). Other non-type specimens, labelled “ Antsalova ”, come from the Bemaraha plateau (partly adjoining the Bongolava massif, which is the type locality of the synonymous P. (P.) rufidens). Miandrivazo also lies in the Bemaraha plateau, southeast of Antsalova. It must be noted here that the above-mentioned forest of the Bongolava massif must not be confused with the homonymous, non-forested region “ Bongolava ” placed east of Majunga. The label “ Mandritsara ” probably means the area along the Sofia River in the montane area “ Lembalemba Ambanin Androna ”, 20 – 30 km north-west of Mandritsara in western Madagascar. The recently collected adults come from a deciduous forest in northern area of western Madagascar. Ankarafantsika National Park lies 25 km N of Ambato-Boeni. In the locality Ambalatomby lying 16 km north of Boriziny (= Port Bergé), the adults were running along bark of large trunks (mostly of mango trees) in a secondary gallery-forest along the Sofia river, while in the forest of the Manongarivo massif (Sambirano) they preferred slim trunks of young trees.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA55FFD7FF0EFE5EFA95FCB0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The five syntypes of P. elegans atrorotundatum in SDEI and one in MNHN examined by the first author (Moravec 2005) well agree with the original description. Their aedeagi correspond with the original illustration of the aedeagus (Horn 1934 a, fig. 27 a), and the shape is one of the main distinctive features of this species. The male lectotype was designated (Moravec 2005) in order to avoid the confusion with P. (P.) rivalieri. Two of the syntypes (paralectotypes) in SDEI are labelled “ Mus. Paris ”, but only one syntype is deposited in MNHN (the female from Miandrivazo with a white label “ Cotype ”). Jeannel (1946) illustrated a male from Miandrivazo which was not, however, found in the MNHN collection. Notwithstanding, the illustration of the aedeagus by Jeannel (1946, fig. 46 e), though showing only an apical portion, does not correspond to the aedeagi of the syntypes of P. (P.) atrorotundatum and differs also from the above-mentioned original illustration by Horn (1934 a, fig. 27 a). As discussed previously (Moravec 2007), in case that the aedeagus illustrated by Jeannel was drawn accurately, it was probably taken from a male from Antsirabe, instead from Miandrivazo mentioned by Jeannel, thus, probably from a male of P. (P.) rivalieri (specimens of both species were assembled in MNHN and SDEI un-der the name P. (P.) atrorotundatum). Horn subsequently also confused these two different species, as obvious from their common arrangement in his collection (SDEI), and from the fact that one specimen (MNHN) from Antsirabe, identified by the first author as P. (P.) rivalieri, bears a label “ P. atrorotundatum W. Horn det. 1938 ”. P. (P.) atrorotundatum sensu Rivalier (1970: 300, Fig. 13 ar) is a different species, described later as P. (P.) rivalieri Moravec, 2005. Rivalier never examined the syntypes of P. atrorotundatum deposited in SDEI and did not take into consideration the original description or Horn’s illustrations (Horn 1934 a, pl. 1, fig. 27 a, 1934 b, pl. 1, fig. 27 a) showing the distinctive shape of the aedeagus of the true P. (P.) atrorotundatum. The misinterpretation resulted in a superfluous description of P. (P.) rufidens Rivalier, 1970. Some of the type specimens mentioned by Rivalier in the description of his new species (he mentioned only males as type specimens in the original descrip-tion), as well as the non-type females which were later identified by him as P. (P.) rufidens, bear the identical green labels “ Tananarive ” as the two paralectotypes of P. (P.) atrorotundatum in SDEI. Examination of type specimens in MNHN has disclosed (Moravec 2005) that the characters of P. (P.) rufidens, including the characteristic shape of the aedeagus, well correspond to relevant diagnostic characters of the genuine type specimens of P. (P.) atrorotundatum W. Horn. The two males in MRAC labelled “ Mandritsara ” listed previously (Moravec 2005, 2007) as P. (P.) atrorotundatum must be examined again as they may represent another species of the P. (P.) alluaudi species-complex.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA4EFFD0FF0EFC56FA9CFAA8.taxon	description	(Figs 67 – 82, 106)	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA4EFFD0FF0EFC56FA9CFAA8.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. Madagascar, Central Highlands: Antananarivo prefecture Manankazo, evergreen (now degraded) forest of a forest station near Ankazobe, 130 km north-west of Antananarivo. Type material. Holotype ♀ (by monotypy) in CCJM, labelled: “ Madagascar / Antananarivo prov. / Manankazo env / 9. – 12.12.1995, Ivo Jeniš lgt. ” [printed] // “ Holotype, / Pogonostoma (s. str.) / gibbosum / densisculptum, / J. Moravec, 2002 det. ” [red, printed]. // “ Pogonostoma (s. str.) / densisculptum Moravec, 2003 / det. Jiří Moravec 2007 ” [printed]. Other material examined. 1 ♁ in CCJM: “ Madagascar, Antananarivo pr. / Ankazobe Mts. / Ambohitantely Res., 1800 m., 2. – 3. I. 2013, I. Martinů leg. ”.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA4EFFD0FF0EFC56FA9CFAA8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Pogonostoma (P.) densisculptum shares its conspicuously distinctly gibbose pronotal disc with Pogonostoma (P.) gibbosum Rivalier, 1970, for which both were placed to a species-group of P. (P.) gibbosum (see Moravec 2007). Despite having the same principal diagnostic character, the distinctly gibbose pronotal disc in its lateral aspect, P. (P.) densisculptum is immediately distinguished by the following diagnostic characters. Elytra (Figs 73 – 76) with markedly densely arranged, deep and often anastomosing punctures with narrow and sharp intervals which cover nearly whole elytral surface including posterior declivity, effaced only on narrow basal area (in contrast to conspicuously effaced and polished much wider basal and posterior elytral areas in P. (P.) gibbosum (as shown in Fig. 84); narrower elytral discal impression (in contrast to posteriad-expanded and glossy discal impression of P. (P.) gibbosum); paler (blonde) elytral ornamental setae; blunter external angle (lacking a tooth) of elytral apex in female (Figs 74, 76); entirely black legs (in contrast to testaceous apices of femora and bases of tibiae in P. (P.) gibbosum (as shown in Fig. 83); lateral areas of pronotal disc not effaced, but tuberculate also on almost whole posterior juxtanotopleural areas; narrow posterior dorsal area of the pronotal disc transverse striate (in contrast to large, effaced and polished posterolateral areas and almost effaced and shiny posterior half of the pronotal disc in P. (P.) gibbosum — for detailed description and illustrations of P. (P.) gibbosum see Moravec 2007). These characters and the shape of much more distinctly gibbose pronotal disc, as well as the distinctly hooked and narrow aedeagus apex (Figs 77 – 78) clearly distinguish P. (P.) densisculptum from all taxa of the P. (P.) elegans speciesgroup and all other species of the nominotypical subgenus.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA4EFFD0FF0EFC56FA9CFAA8.taxon	description	Redescription (female HT) and first description of male. Body (Figs 67 – 68), length of male 10.3 mm, width 2.80 mm (female HT 10.7 mm long, 2.80 mm wide), pitchy-black, setal vesture blonde. Head narrower than body, width 2.30 – 2.35 mm; temples rather short (2.2 times shorter than eyes). Frons merging with clypeus in middle and not differentiated from vertex, slightly convex, rather densely scabrous-rugulose; supraantennal keels consisting of distinctly elevated anterior crest and blunter posterior one which merges with surface sculpture; vertex nearly flat, with moderate posterior impression (shallower in male), anterior area scabrous-rugulose, posterior and temporal areas irregularly lacunose-rugulose with admixed umbilicate tubercles; whole dorsal surface of head covered with long, dense or scattered, mostly erect, flexuous and interlaced, blonde hairlike setae. Genae shallowly and very irregularly rugose, with scattered, long and flexuous hairlike setae which are denser in male. Labrum black, dully shiny. Male labrum (Fig. 71) 6 - setose with 4 anterior setae (two of them broken) and 2 lateral, black-brown setae, rather short, 0.70 mm long, 1.25 mm wide; surface glabrous, with rather distinct and well-delineated and finely coriaceous-wrinkled basomedian convexity, while sublateral areas are rather coarsely and irregularly scabrous-rugulose; lateral margins irregularly rounded towards blunt anterolateral indentation, anterior margin subtruncate, irregularly dentate with five very small teeth between bluntly right-angled but distinct anterolateral teeth; female labrum (Fig. 72) notably longer, length 0.95 mm, width 1.35 mm, with 3 anterior and two lateral setae (the lateral are now broken in the HT, only a setigerous pit is present in either side); surface almost gradually convex and coriaceous-wrinkled; lateral margins arcuate towards blunt lateral indentations, then oblique and widely rounded, indicating blunt anterolateral teeth and with slightly anteriad-prolonged, irregularly dentate anterior margin (consisting of five, irregularly sized, right-angled or subacute small teeth). Maxillae. Lacinia (Fig. 69) black with black-brown setae mixed with straw-yellow and thin whitish setae, base elongate, apical portion oblong, never spatulate-dilated, width 0.30 mm. Palpi normally shaped (as in preceding species), black with black setae, anterior margin of terminal palpomeres indistinctly brownish-tinged. Mandibles black with reddish-brown teeth; male mandibles (Fig. 70) subsymmetrical, with long terminal teeth possessing moderately inward-bent apices, two inner teeth of almost equal size; female mandibles (firmly closed and therefore with barely recognizable shape from above) left terminal tooth markedly shorter than right one, inner teeth in left mandible almost equally sized, while second tooth of right mandible larger than third one; convex basolateral portions black with coriaceous surface and short, scattered whitish setae. Antennae in male surpassing body (Fig. 68), probably shorter in female (in HT incomplete) of usual shape and surface; scape pitchy black with coriaceous surface, long, whitish apical seta and several greyish microtrichia; antennomeres 2 – 4 pitchy black with scattered microtrichia; 5 – 11 dimly black due to usual greyish pubescence. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs. 80 – 81) elongate, notably shorter in male (Fig. 80), length 2.50 mm, width 1.80 mm; more elongate in female (Fig. 81), length 2.75 mm, width 1.65 mm; anterior lobe only slightly narrower but higher than posterior lobe, its surface densely irregularly scabrous and tuberculate, tubercles umbilicate with setigerous punctures with very long, flexuous, interlaced, whitish or pale yellowish hairlike setae; disc dorsally ellipsoid with lateral margins moderately constricted towards posterior sulcus; notopleural sutures indistinctly obvious; median line thin, merging with sculpture in middle; discal surface densely and rather finely tuberculate, tubercles somewhat larger and more irregularly shaped in female, in both sexes umbilicate with deep setigerous pit in their centre; sublateral anterior areas with more isolated and rounded tubercles which become smaller towards notopleural sutures; limited area on posterior declivity clearly transversely striate, more shiny but never effaced, only small posterolateral areas adjacent to notopleural sutures smooth; discal surface covered with sparser, mostly rather short and decumbent, dorsally barely obvious setae (better obvious on lateral areas), the basal transverse-striate area of posterior declivity almost glabrous; posterior lobe smooth, shiny and glabrous; proepisterna large, shiny, densely transversely striate on juxtanotopleural area (in male up to proepisternal dorsal half), glabrous except for long hairlike setae near ventral and posterior margins; mesepisterna smooth and polished, nearly glabrous except for few hairlike setae near ventral suture; metepisterna elongate with deep ventral sulcus, smooth, shiny and glabrous. Elytra (Figs 73 – 76) elongate, length 5.80 mm in male, 6.20 mm in female; surface convex, discal impression narrow and deep (V-shaped); humeri well marked, rounded; lateral margins parallel, indistinctly enlarged poste-riad in female; angles of moderate anteapical convexity rounded; elytral apices sexually dimorphic: apex in male (Figs 73, 75) with small but distinct, acute external tooth, then broadly emarginated towards distinct, right-angled inner tooth and deep sutural emargination towards right-angled sutural spine (acute in right male elytron); apex in female (Figs 74, 76) differs in having obtuse outer angle (lacking external tooth), and more protruding inner (median) tooth; elytral surface densely punctate except for smooth basohumeral area; punctures often anastomosing, deep and large with narrow and sharp intervals, deepest on basodiscal convexity and sublateral areas (particularly deeper so in female), smaller, but predominantly deep and dense on posterior elytral half; punctures on posterior declivity mostly with carinulate intervals with projecting anterior margins forming rasp-like sculpture (pattern of the sculpture changeable in different light angles); elytral surface rather densely covered with short decumbent or erect, easily abraded whitish or darkened ornamental setae mixed with much longer and blonde, hairlike sensory setae especially on posterior declivity area. Abdomen. Ventrites pitchy black, sparsely covered with short microtrichia, apex of female ventrite 8 browned. Legs. All segments of legs completely black, setae easily abraded; pro- and mesofemora with several long, erect whitish hairlike setae and scattered shorter whitish setae, sparsely mixed with short or longer black bristles, metafemora with sparser setae whitish hairlike and short setae and long black bristles; protibiae covered with whitish appressed microsetae and few erect dark bristles; mesotibiae with sparse whitish setae and black bristles, their apical third with a raw of dense black-brown setae, metatibiae whitish hairlike setae (much denser on protibiae) mixed with long black bristles; metatibiae with sparser, long and erect blackish bristles and very sparse whitish microtrichia; apical thorns stiff and black; tarsi with rows of black semierect setae (as usual male protarsi with last three tarsomeres dilated and with row of dense, stiff black setae); claws with ochre-testaceous apices. Aedeagus in its left lateral aspect (Figs 77 – 78) rather stout and with only slightly bent basal portion, widest in middle, then attenuated towards distinctly hooked and narrow apex; the apical half of the aedeagus in its ventral aspect (Fig. 79) is gradually conically attenuated into rounded tip.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA4EFFD0FF0EFC56FA9CFAA8.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and distribution (Fig. 106). Pogonostoma (P.) densisculptum was hitherto known only from the single female holotype captured near a forest station (now with a degraded forest) in Manankazo near Ankazobe, 130 km north-west of Antananarivo, Central Plateau, newly defined as Central Highlands. The recently discovered male was caught virtually in the same area, about 30 km from Ankazobe, in the eastern moist montane forest of the Ambohitantely Reserve, at an elevation of 1800 m.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA4EFFD0FF0EFC56FA9CFAA8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pogonostoma (P.) densisculptum was originally described (Moravec 2003) as a subspecies of P. (P.) gibbosum, but with a note that its characters indicated a distinct species. Because of the distinctive diagnosis characters, P. (P.) densisculptum was later (Moravec 2007) elevated to the separate species status. The differentiating characters of this species have been fully confirmed also on the male which is described for the first time here.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA49FFDEFF0EFA4EFD51F8E8.taxon	description	(Figs 85 – 103, 107).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA49FFDEFF0EFA4EFD51F8E8.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality. East Madagascar, evergreen forest of Sandranantitra, north-east of Tamatave (S 18 ° 02.907 ’; E 49 ° 05.516 ’).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA49FFDEFF0EFA4EFD51F8E8.taxon	materials_examined	Type mater ial. Holotype ♁ (by monotypy) in FCCR labelled: “ Madagascar, 450 m. Sandranantitra / 20. Jan. 1999, S 18 ° 02.907 ’ – E 49 ° 05.516 ’ / Lanto Andriamampianina leg. ” [printed] // “ Pogo. sp. 12 ” [printed // “ Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) / cf. parvulum Rivalier, 1970 / det. F. Cassola 1999 ” [printed] // “ Holotype / Pogonostoma / (Mi-crostenocera) / fabiocassolai sp. n. / J. Moravec 2002 det. ” [red, printed]. Other material examined. 2 ♁♁, 1 ♀ in CJVB, 1 ♁ in CCJM: “ Madagascar Central-East / Andasibe-Perinet N. P. / Circuit Aduant, 13. I. 2017 / leg. Jan & Ondřej Vybíral ”.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA49FFDEFF0EFA4EFD51F8E8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai is a species of the P. (Microstenocera) minimum species-group (sensu Moravec 2007). It may resemble Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) sicardi W. Horn, 1927 and P. (M.) perexiguum Moravec, 2000, particularly due to their similarly anteriad-constricted pronotal disc, but immediately distinguished from them and also from all other species of the subgenus Microstenocera by its consistently 2 - setose labrum completely lacking lateral setae and lateral indentations (Figs 100 – 103) and by the very different shape of its aedeagus with remarkably dorsally beak-hooked acute apex (Fig. 88); moreover, its galea has a brownish penultimate galeomere and bases of femora are not testaceous but concolorous with other femoral portions (only trochanters are testaceous). Within the genus only Pogonostoma (Dipogonum) anthracinum Laporte de Castelnau & Gory, 1835 possesses consistently 2 - setose labrum, but the single species of the monobasic subgenus Dipogonum Moravec, 2007 differs in a complex of other diagnostic characters (Moravec 2007). For the wording of the original description and other illustrations of the male holotype see Moravec (2003).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA49FFDEFF0EFA4EFD51F8E8.taxon	description	Redescription (male) and first description of female. Body black, very small, males 5.45 – 5.70 (HT 5.45) mm long, 1.45 – 1.55 (HT 1.45) mm wide; female 6.00 mm long, 1.65 mm wide. Head (Fig. 93) much narrower than body, width 1.05 – 1.00 mm; temples short, 2.7 times shorter than eyes in males, 3.1 times shorter in female. Frons not differentiated from clypeus and vertex, distinctly convex in middle; supraantennal keels indistinct or more distinct, consisting of moderately elevated anterior edge and blunter, and lower crest directed posteriad; surface of frontoclypeal portion nearly smooth, surface of frons sparsely, but distinctly longitudinally scabrous-rugulose; vertex with two orbital setae on either side, flat in middle, surface sculpture scabriculous to almost areolate, posterior area moderately convex; lateral rugae subparallel when passing onto temples; vertex-occipital impression distinct, delimiting temples laterally; occiput with irregular, almost transverse directed short rugae; surface of vertex covered with inconspicuous, sparse and very short, white decumbent setae. Genae sparsely wrinkled on anterior and postgenal areas, glabrous except for only few short hairlike setae. Clypeus with sparse, short setae. Labrum consistently 2 – setose with only two pale yellow or straw-yellow anterior setae; surface almost smooth and faintly shiny, very finely coriaceous, appearing entirely glabrous, rarely with few, almost invisible tiny microtrichia (visible only under higher magnification and different angles of illumination and found only in HT and one other male); male labrum (Figs 100 – 102) rather short, length 0.27 – 0.29 (HT 0.28) mm, width 0.54 – 0.57 (HT 0.55) mm, deep brownish to black-brown. usually with paler ochre-brownish area of baso-median convexity; lateral margins widely arcuate (indentations absent), anterolateral teeth nearly effaced or only indicated, anterior margin with rather deep emargination between two blunt anterior teeth; female labrum (Fig. 103) similar in shape to that in male but notably longer, length 0.34 mm, width 0.58 mm. Maxillae. Galea with penultimate galeomere brownish except for its dirtily whitish base and apex, terminal galeomere black except for its paler apex; lacinia (see Moravec 2007: 427, fig. 1526) black-brown with ochraceous setae, elongate, with simply spatulate-dilated apex (width 0.14 mm). Palpi (Fig. 93). Maxillary palpi (in HT missing) with testaceous basal palpomere, two other palpomeres blackbrown with whitish microsetae, terminal palpomere ochre-testaceous; labial palpi (only right labial palpus preserved in HT) with basal (short) palpomeres testaceous, penultimate (longest) palpomeres yellow to ochre-testaceous (in HT brownish except for testaceous basal area), terminal palpomeres yellow-testaceous. Mandibles normally shaped, subsymmetrical (terminal tooth of left mandible somewhat longer), black with cinnamon-brown or mahogany-brown teeth; male mandibles (Fig. 95) with second tooth smaller than fourth tooth in both mandibles; female mandibles (Fig. 94) with terminal teeth notably shorter than those in male, and inner teeth of almost same size in both mandibles. Antennae (Figs 85 – 87, 93) shorter than body in both sexes, reaching only elytral anteapical angles, in male mostly black-brown sometimes with more or less distinctly mahogany-testaceous ventral side of scape and small basal area of pedicel, somewhat paler or indistinctly testaceous base of antennomere 4; female antennomeres 3 – 4 almost uniformly black; antennomeres 5 – 11 brownish or brownish-testaceous in both sexes. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 96 – 99) cylindric, almost uniformly shaped and sized in both sexes; length 1.30 – 1.40 mm, width 0.85 – 0.90 mm; anterior lobe narrower than posterior one, transversely parallel-wavy rugose; lateral margins of disc notably dilated towards base; notopleural sutures invisible from above; median line indistinct, partly merging with surface sculpture; discal surface coarsely but rather densely and mostly irregularly transversely wavyrugulose, lateral areas mostly vermicular-rugulose; posterior lobe rather variably black-brown (as also in HT and the only female), or entirely black, its surface covered with irregular, transverse rugae; pronotal surface nearly glabrous with only occasional, very short and barely visible decumbent setae; ventral thoracic sterna black-brown; prosternum narrow, nearly smooth, with sparse short setae; proepisterna large, shiny-black, with parallel-wavy rugae (passing from disc over notopleural sutures), glabrous except for few setae on effaced area adjacent to ventral suture; mesosternum smooth, with two long central-sublateral setae and covered with short microtrichia; metasternum smooth but covered with denser, mostly short hairlike setae; mesepisterna smooth and with only few microtrichia; metepisterna with deep longitudinal sulcus and almost glabrous. Elytra (Figs 89 – 92) elongate, length 3.30 – 3.60 mm, almost uniformly shaped in both sexes, lateral margins notably dilated towards distinctly delineated anteapical angles; apices rather indistinctly sexually dimorphic; male apex (Figs 89, 91) rounded in middle (in left elytron of HT narrowed and appearing nearly subacute), widely emarginate towards bluntly terminated suture; female apex (Figs 90, 92) externally widely arcuate and pointed in middle, then more steeply excised towards small, blunt sutural spine; elytral surface appearing matt, moderately convex and somewhat flattened on posterior area of disc, discal impression indistinct, rather coarsely punctate throughout; punctures deep, smaller on basodiscal convexity, conspicuously deep and large on anterolateral areas, punctation on flattened posterior discal area converted into shallow irregularly bumpy-imbricate sculpture; punctures on posterior declivity shallow, apex with shallowly foveolate-uneven surface; intervals between punctures on discal area of matt appearance, as they are bumpy and covered with tiny tubercles, intervals on lateral areas wider, smooth and shiny, widest intervals on anteapical angles; setal vesture irregular (as usual for the subgenus) consisting of dense, very short decumbent ornamental setae originating from the microtubercles on bumpy intervals; several long erect hairlike setae present on humeral and anteapical area. Abdomen. Ventrites pitchy black or black-brown, surface with sparse short setae and usual two long setae on either side along the middle at posterior margin of ventrite 4; female ventrite 8 testaceous. Legs. Coxae pitchy black or brownish with blackened basal areas, procoxae with indistinct short appressed setae, mesocoxae smooth with apical seta, metacoxae black, covered with sparse short setae and with long apical seta; trochanters translucently whitish-testaceous except for brownish metatrochanters; femora and tibiae pitchy black to black-brown with only indistinctly paler apex of femora and base of pro- and mesotibiae except for paler longitudinal stripe on ventral apical third of profemora; tarsi black-brown; last two tarsomeres of metatarsi and claws ochraceous. Aedeagus (Fig. 88) elongate, nearly straight, length 1.35 – 1.40 mm, width 0.20 mm, in its left lateral view with conspicuously dorsally hooked, beak-like, acute tip which is thinly leaf-flattened in dorsal view; dorsoapical orifice long. Variability. The original line drawing of the male labrum of the holotype (Moravec 2003: 33, Fig 77) shows more distinct and numerous microtrichia on the labral surface. However, the figure was drawn schematically and as emphasized in the redescription above, only one other male of the four recently examined adults has few indistinct, barely visible microtrichia on its labral surface. The coloration of the penultimate (longest) palpomere of labial palpi somewhat varies as mentioned in the redescription above. The pattern of the elytral punctation with uneven bumpy intervals in the four recently caught adults perfectly corresponds to that in the holotype and its original description (Moravec 2007), although the punctures may appear more spaced and nitid in the habitus of the holotype (Fig. 85). However, the seemingly somewhat different appearance of the elytral surface was caused by a different angle of illumination and a different method of the photography used 16 years ago (for the recent method used for the other figures published here see “ Material and methods ” above).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA49FFDEFF0EFA4EFD51F8E8.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology and distribution (Fig. 107). Pogonostoma (P.) fabiocassolai was originally described from the evergreen forest of Sandranantitra, northeast of Tamatave, inland area of eastern Madagascar (Moravec 2003). Three other males and one female were caught recently by the second author and his son Ondřej Vybíral in the AndasibePerinet National Park (evergreen forest of Analamazaotra). The examined male holotype adult held in its mandibles remains of a very small Diptera-like insect (Moravec 2003, 2007).	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
824987FADA49FFDEFF0EFA4EFD51F8E8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The absence of any lateral indentation and lateral setae in the labrum has been confirmed in all five recently examined adults of P. (M.) fabiocassolai. Such consistently 2 - setose labrum represents a unique diagnostic character within the subgenus Microstenocera.	en	Moravec, Jiří, Vybíral, Jan (2020): New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles- 18. Pogonostoma (Pogonostoma) ondravybirali sp. nov., elaborated redescriptions of P. (P.) atrorotundatum, P. (P.) densisculptum and P. (Microstenocera) fabiocassolai (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Zootaxa 4881 (2): 201-230, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4881.2.1
