identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FBDBE180C19850DBA0466009B883BB13.text	FBDBE180C19850DBA0466009B883BB13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clonostachys Corda	<div><p>Clonostachys Corda, Pracht-Fl. Eur. Schimmelbild: 31 (1839)</p><p>Classification.</p><p>Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes .</p><p>Morphological characteristics.</p><p>Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial. Perithecia superficial, solitary to gregarious, subglobose to globose, papillate or non-papillate, no colour change in 3 % KOH or 100 % LA. Asci clavate to subcylindrical, 6–8 - spored. Ascospores ellipsoidal to oblong ellipsoidal, uniseptate, hyaline, smooth-walled, uniseriate or irregular biseriate. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores dimorphic or monomorphic, sporodochial, synnematous, hyaline, brown or blackish brown. Phialides phialidic, cylindrical to flask-shaped. Conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, ovoid to ellipsoid.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Clonostachys araucaria Corda, Pracht-Fl. Eur. Schimmelbild.: 31 (1839)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Clonostachys is the second largest genus in Bionectriaceae, with 130 epithets (Index Fungorum 2025). Several members of Clonostachys are ecologically and economically important (Abeywickrama et al. 2023). Some Clonostachys spp. are destructive, including parasitic in myxomycetes, nematodes, ticks, molluscs, and leafhoppers (Schroers 2001; Toledo et al. 2006; Perera et al. 2023). Clonostachys rosea and C. catenulata are reported as destructive to ascomycetes and basidiomycetes (Schroers 2001; Chatterton et al. 2008) and C. chuyangsinensis and C. aranearum have been reported as spider-pathogenic fungi (Wan et al. 2016; Wang et al. 2023).</p><p>Clonostachys rosea has been studied as a potential biological control agent for various plant diseases and pests such as strawberry gray mold (Cota et al. 2008), Fusarium head blight of wheat (Xue et al. 2008), and Pythium tracheiphilum in Chinese cabbage (Møller et al. 2003). Several closely related species to Clonostachys rosea, such as C. byssicola, C. chloroleuca, C. rhizophaga, and C. solani also possess biocontrol properties (Mendoza García et al. 2003; Krauss et al. 2013; Sun et al. 2017; Broberg et al. 2021).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FBDBE180C19850DBA0466009B883BB13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Shucheng;Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini;Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.;Chomnunti, Putarak;Dissanayake, Lakmali S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Yang, Hongde;Zhao, Yun Wei;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Zhao, Qi;Hyde, Kevin D.	He, Shucheng, Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Chomnunti, Putarak, Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Yang, Hongde, Zhao, Yun Wei, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Zhao, Qi, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Xizang, China. MycoKeys 115: 43-66, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.115.139757
1CE081EAEA635FC6B3C9947F82B9A3F3.text	1CE081EAEA635FC6B3C9947F82B9A3F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clonostachys linzhiensis S. C. He, K. D. Hyde & Q. Zhao 2025	<div><p>Clonostachys linzhiensis S. C. He, K. D. Hyde &amp; Q. Zhao sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet is derived from Linzhi City, where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>China • Xizang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.13333/lat 29.183332)">Linzhi City</a>, Motuo County (29°11'N, 95°8'E, 1561 m), on the lower part of the leaves of Houttuynia cordata, July 27, 2022, collected by Hong-De Yang, YHD 691 (holotype: KUN-HKAS 133179); ex-type living culture: KUNCC 24-18528). GenBank: ITS: PQ 522504, 28 S: PQ 634391, tef 1: PQ 650477, tub 2: PQ 650459 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on the WA, raised, medium sparse, rough, white at apex. Conidiophores mononematous, erect, simple, verticillium-like, straight or flexuous, branched, smooth-walled, thin-walled, septate, hyaline, produce globose cells at the apex, terminal branches developing into phialides, 110–232 × 2.5–3.9 μm (x ̄ = 170 × 3.2 μm, n = 20). Phialides polytretic, terminal on branches, phialides cylindrical but slightly tapering towards the tips, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, terminal developing into conidia, 15.3–23.8 × 1.5–3.3 μm (x ̄ = 19.8 × 2.2 μm, n = 20). Conidia amerospores, solitary, acrogenous, simple, doliiform to ellipsoidal, smooth, thin-walled, aseptate, hyaline, 3.9–5.7 × 2.2–3.2 μm (x ̄ = 4.7 × 2.6 μm, n = 30).</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA reaching 5.0– 5.5 cm after 20 days of incubation at 25 ° C, white above, pale yellow reverse, medium spare, concave in the center, convex around, hairy, lobate, velvety, ciliate, not pigment produced,</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Leaves of Houttuynia cordata .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>China • Xizang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.13333/lat 29.183332)">Linzhi City</a>, Motuo County (29°11'N, 95°8'E, 1561 m), on the lower part of the leaves of Houttuynia cordata, July 27, 2022, collected by Hong-De Yang, HSC 983 (isotype: KUN-HKAS 133180); ex-isotype living culture: KUNCC 24-18529). GenBank: ITS: PQ 522505, 28 S: PQ 634392, tef 1: PQ 650478, tub 2: PQ 650460 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analysis, Clonostachys linzhiensis shared a close phylogenetic relationship with C. aranearum and C. motuoensis (Fig. 1). Clonostachys linzhiensis shares similar morphology to C. aranearum and C. motuoensis in having mononematous, erect, verticillium-like conidiophores that are straight or flexuous, smooth-walled, hyaline, phialides are polytretic, terminal, flask-shaped, aseptate, hyaline, smooth and the conidia are amerospores, acrogenous, ellipsoidal, aseptate, hyaline (Wan et al. 2016). However, Clonostachys linzhiensis (HKAS 133179 and HKAS 133180) has larger conidiophores (L / W ratio: 53 vs 12 and L / W ratio: 53 vs 35) and longer phialides (L / W ratio: 9 vs 6.7 and L / W ratio: 9 vs 4.7) in comparison to C. aranearum and C. motuoensis . Furthermore, the ITS and tub 2 sequence of Clonostachys linzhiensis differs from C. aranearum which revealed 13 / 510 (2.5 %) and 7 / 291 (2.4 %) base pair differences, respectively. Based on the differences in morphology (larger conidiophores and longer phialides) and phylogeny, along with the guidelines of Maharachchimbukura et al. (2021), we identify our specimen as a new species, C. linzhiensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1CE081EAEA635FC6B3C9947F82B9A3F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Shucheng;Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini;Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.;Chomnunti, Putarak;Dissanayake, Lakmali S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Yang, Hongde;Zhao, Yun Wei;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Zhao, Qi;Hyde, Kevin D.	He, Shucheng, Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Chomnunti, Putarak, Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Yang, Hongde, Zhao, Yun Wei, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Zhao, Qi, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Xizang, China. MycoKeys 115: 43-66, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.115.139757
B6037BCA496F5A18AAE36BE6055D2D80.text	B6037BCA496F5A18AAE36BE6055D2D80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clonostachys motuoensis S. C. He, K. D. Hyde & Q. Zhao 2025	<div><p>Clonostachys motuoensis S. C. He, K. D. Hyde &amp; Q. Zhao sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 3</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet is derived from the location “ Motuo County ”, from where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>China • Xizang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.13333/lat 29.183332)">Linzhi City</a>, Motuo County (29°11'N, 95°8'E, 1561 m), on the lower part of the leaves of Houttuynia cordata, July 27, 2022, collected by Hong-De Yang, YHD 669-1 (holotype: KUN-HKAS HKAS 133181); ex-type living culture: KUNCC 24-18530). GenBank: ITS: PQ 522506, 28 S: PQ 634393, tef 1: PQ 650479, tub 2: PQ 650461 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on the WA, solitary or gregarious, white to pale yellow, raised, dense, rough. Conidiophores mononematous, penicillate, straight or flexuous, branched at the apex, smooth, thin-walled, septate, hyaline, conidiophores produce globose cells at the apex, from globose to elongated or continue to differentiate, terminal branches developing into phialides, 94–146 × 2.5–4.7 μm (x ̄ = 125 × 3.5 μm, n = 20). Phialides monophialidic, terminal, flask-shaped, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, terminal developing into conidia, 9.1–18.7 × 2.3–3.5 μm (x ̄ = 13.2 × 2.8 μm, n = 20). Conidia amerospores, solitary, acrogenous, simple, ellipsoidal to oblong with obtuse ends, smooth, thin-walled, aseptate, hyaline, minutely guttulate, 3.9–5.6 × 2.5–3.3 μm (x ̄ = 4.6 × 2.9 μm, n = 30).</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA reaching 3.5–4 cm after 20 days of incubation at 25 ° C, white both above and reverse, medium spare, raised, smooth, fimbriate, velvety, ciliate, not pigment produced.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Leaves of Houttuynia cordata .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>China • Xizang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.13333/lat 29.183332)">Linzhi City</a>, Motuo County (29°11'N, 95°8'E, 1561 m), on the lower part of the leaves of Houttuynia cordata, July 27, 2022, collected by Hong-De Yang, HSC 986 (isotype: KUN-HKAS 133182); ex-isotype living culture: KUNCC 24-18531). GenBank: ITS: PQ 522507, 28 S: PQ 634394, tef 1: PQ 650480, tub 2: PQ 650462 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analysis, Clonostachys motuoensis clustered sister to C. linzhiensis and C. aranearum (Fig. 1). Morphologically, our specimen (HKAS 133181 and HKAS 133182) has larger conidiophores (L / W ratio: 35 vs 12) and longer phialides (L / W ratio: 4.7 vs 6.7) in comparison to C. aranearum . Clonostachys motuoensis differs from C. aranearum by 6 / 544 (1 %) ITS and 4 / 294 (1.3 %) tub 2 differences in the nucleotides. It is worth noting that C. aranearum is parasitic on spiders, while C. motuoensis is endophytic on Houttuynia cordata leaves. In addition, C. aranearum was collected from Qian Ling Shan Park, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China, with an altitude of 1100–1369 m, belonging to a plateau subtropical climate (Wan et al. 2016). Clonostachys motuoensis was collected from Motuo County, Linzhi City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, with an altitude of 1561 m, belonging to a tropical rainforest climate. Based on these distinctions and following the guidelines of Maharachchimbukura et al. (2021), we identified our specimen as a new species, C. motuoensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6037BCA496F5A18AAE36BE6055D2D80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Shucheng;Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini;Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.;Chomnunti, Putarak;Dissanayake, Lakmali S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Yang, Hongde;Zhao, Yun Wei;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Zhao, Qi;Hyde, Kevin D.	He, Shucheng, Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Chomnunti, Putarak, Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Yang, Hongde, Zhao, Yun Wei, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Zhao, Qi, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Xizang, China. MycoKeys 115: 43-66, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.115.139757
A51DC5C809AC52B09255010571E3BCF4.text	A51DC5C809AC52B09255010571E3BCF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clonostachys viticola C. Torcato & A. Alves	<div><p>Clonostachys viticola C. Torcato &amp; A. Alves, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol, 6 (2020)</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Clonostachys swieteniae R. H. Perera, E. B. G. Jones &amp; K. D. Hyde, Mycosphere 11 (1): 2135 (2020)</p><p>Description and illustration.</p><p>Perera et al. 2020 and Torcato et al. 2020.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the multigene phylogenetic analyses, Clonostachys viticola with C. swieteniae, forms a monophyletic clade in Clonostachys . The taxa in this clade show low genetic differences. Thus, we recommend treating C. viticola and C. swieteniae as conspecific. Clonostachys viticola was established by Torcato et al. (2020) from the root of Vitis vinifera in a terrestrial habitat of Peru (Torcato et al. 2020) and Clonostachys swieteniae was established by Perera et al. (2020) from decaying fruits of Swietenia mahagoni in a terrestrial habitat of Thailand (Perera et al. 2020). Morphologically, C. viticola with C. swieteniae are highly similar, but there are minor differences in phialides (13.1 × 2.1 μm vs 11.4 × 2.6 μm), and conidia (5.6 × 2.9 μm vs 6 × 2.2 μm). Through base pair comparison, the ITS and tef 1 sequence of Clonostachys viticola differs from that of C. swieteniae in 0 / 500 (0 %) and 3 / 406 (0.7 %), respectively. The results indicate that different environments have shaped the morphology (Bhunjun et al. 2022; Hyde et al. 2020 b; Phukhamsakda et al. 2022). Clonostachys viticola was published prior to C. swieteniae . Therefore, we propose C. swieteniae as a synonym of C. viticola .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A51DC5C809AC52B09255010571E3BCF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Shucheng;Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini;Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.;Chomnunti, Putarak;Dissanayake, Lakmali S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Yang, Hongde;Zhao, Yun Wei;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Zhao, Qi;Hyde, Kevin D.	He, Shucheng, Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Chomnunti, Putarak, Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Yang, Hongde, Zhao, Yun Wei, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Zhao, Qi, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Xizang, China. MycoKeys 115: 43-66, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.115.139757
47BAC71262875A66978FA4B9754C9ACD.text	47BAC71262875A66978FA4B9754C9ACD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clonostachys yadongensis S. C. He, K. D. Hyde & Q. Zhao 2025	<div><p>Clonostachys yadongensis S. C. He, K. D. Hyde &amp; Q. Zhao sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 4</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The species epithet is derived from Yadong County, where the holotype was collected.</p><p>Typification.</p><p>China • Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Yadong County (27°48'N, 88°83'E, 3894 m), on the lower part of the leaves of Ageratina adenophora leaves, July 24, 2023, collected by Shu-Cheng He, HSC 1025 (holotype: KUN-HKAS 133183); ex-type living culture: KUNCC 24-18532). GenBank: ITS: PQ 522508, 28 S: PQ 634395, tef 1: PQ 650481, tub 2: PQ 650463, rpb 2: PQ 538524 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Sexual morph: Not observed. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on the WA, solitary or gregarious, white to pale yellow, raised, medium sparse, rough. Conidiophores mononematous, penicillate, straight or flexuous, branched, smooth-walled, thin-walled, septate, hyaline, produce globose cells at the apex, terminal branches developing into phialides, 80–118 × 2.4–3.4 μm (x ̄ = 97 × 2.8 μm, n = 20). Phialides polyblastic, terminal, flask-shaped, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, thin-walled, minutely guttulate, terminal developing into conidia, 9.6–15.6 × 1.7–2.3 μm (x ̄ = 13.1 × 2 μm, n = 20). Conidia amerospores, solitary, acrogenous, simple, oval to ellipsoidal, smooth, thin-walled, aseptate, hyaline, minutely guttulate, 3.6–5.4 × 2.6–3.3 μm (x ̄ = 4.5 × 2.9 μm, n = 30).</p><p>Culture characteristics.</p><p>Colonies on PDA reaching 5.5–6 cm after 20 days of incubation at 25 ° C, white above, pale yellow reverse, medium spare, raised, hairy, fimbriate, velvety, ciliate, not pigment produced.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Leaves of Ageratina adenophora .</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>China • Xizang Autonomous Region, Linzhi City, Yadong County (27°48'N, 88°83'E, 3894 m), on the lower part of the leaves of Ageratina adenophora, July 24, 2023, collected by Shu-Cheng He, HSC 1025 A (isotype: KUN-HKAS 133184; ex-isotype living culture: KUNCC 24-18533). GenBank: ITS: PQ 522509, 28 S: PQ 634391, tef 1: PQ 650482, tub 2: PQ 650464, rpb 2: PQ 538525 .</p><p>Notes.</p><p>In the phylogenetic analysis, Clonostachys yadongensis clustered with C. krabiensis with 100 % MLB and 0.91 BYPP support (Fig. 1). Clonostachys krabiensis was introduced by Tibpromma et al. (2018) and is characterized by solitary, superficial, globose to subglobose, orange to brownish orange ascomata, 6–8 - spored, cylindrical to clavate asci; fusoid to ellipsoidal, hyaline, with longitudinal striations, granulate ascospores. Its morphology fits well with the generic concept of Clonostachys sexual morph (Bao et al. 2023; Perera et al. 2023; Zhao et al. 2023). Our specimen (HKAS 133183) exhibited an asexual morph that is characterized by mononematous, penicillate, erect conidiophores; flask-shaped or cylindrical, aseptate, hyaline phialides; acrogenous, ellipsoidal or oblong with obtuse ends, hyaline conidia. The 28 S and ITS sequences of Clonostachys yadongensis differ from that of C. krabiensis which showed base pair differences, 3 / 825 (0.35 %), 11 / 513) and (2.1 %) respectively. Clonostachys krabiensis was reported in Papua New Guinea and Thailand as a saprobe on Pandanus sp. and wood litter, while C. yadongensis was reported in the Xizang Autonomous Region, China, mainly as an endophyte on Ageratina adenophora . Clonostachys krabiensis has been reported to have a sexual morph, but C. yadongensis has only been observed in its asexual morph. Based on base pair differences and following the guidelines of Maharachchimbukura et al. (2021), we identified our specimen as a new species, Clonostachys yadongensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/47BAC71262875A66978FA4B9754C9ACD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Shucheng;Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini;Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.;Chomnunti, Putarak;Dissanayake, Lakmali S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Yang, Hongde;Zhao, Yun Wei;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Zhao, Qi;Hyde, Kevin D.	He, Shucheng, Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Chomnunti, Putarak, Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Yang, Hongde, Zhao, Yun Wei, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Zhao, Qi, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Xizang, China. MycoKeys 115: 43-66, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.115.139757
4E2F58A7F51754B192528C1819871A51.text	4E2F58A7F51754B192528C1819871A51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sesquicillium aquaticum (D. F. Bao, K. D. Hyde & Z. L. Luo) S. C. He, K. D. Hyde & Jayaward	<div><p>Sesquicillium aquaticum (D. F. Bao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Z. L. Luo) S. C. He, K. D. Hyde &amp; Jayaward, [as ‘ aquatica’] comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Clonostachys aquatica D. F. Bao, K. D. Hyde &amp; Z. L. Luo, Fungal Diversity, (2023).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>HKAS 125804.</p><p>Description and illustration.</p><p>See Bao et al. 2023.</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Clonostachys aquatica was established by Bao et al. (2023) based on ITS and tub 2 sequence data (holotype HKAS 125804). Through the study of Bao et al. (2023), C. aquatica clustered as a clade sister to C. rossmaniae with strong support (94 % MLB, 98 % MYPP). Following Bao et al. (2023), we added 28 S, tef 1 and rpb 2 sequence data, and the results showed that C. aquatica clustered with Sesquicillium essexcoheniae (100 % MLB, 0.97 BYPP), forming a successive sister clade with S. rossmaniae (99 % MLB, / 1.00 BYPP) (Fig. 1). Clonostachys aquatica shows a closer relationship with Sesquicillium in phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, based on phylogenetic analysis, we propose C. aquatica as a synonym of S. aquaticum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4E2F58A7F51754B192528C1819871A51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Shucheng;Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini;Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.;Chomnunti, Putarak;Dissanayake, Lakmali S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Yang, Hongde;Zhao, Yun Wei;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Zhao, Qi;Hyde, Kevin D.	He, Shucheng, Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Chomnunti, Putarak, Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Yang, Hongde, Zhao, Yun Wei, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Zhao, Qi, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Xizang, China. MycoKeys 115: 43-66, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.115.139757
65F6ECAE541C5621A893BF016B004401.text	65F6ECAE541C5621A893BF016B004401.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sesquicillium shanghaiense (Zhi Yuan Zhang, Y. F. Han & Z. Q. Liang) S. C. He, K. D. Hyde & Jayaward	<div><p>Sesquicillium shanghaiense (Zhi Yuan Zhang, Y. F. Han &amp; Z. Q. Liang) S. C. He, K. D. Hyde &amp; Jayaward, [as ‘ shanghaiensis’] comb. nov.</p><p>Basionym.</p><p>Clonostachys shanghaiensis Zhi Yuan Zhang, Y. F. Han &amp; Z. Q. Liang, MycoKeys 98: 198 (2023).</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>HMAS 351878.</p><p>Description and illustration.</p><p>Zhang et al. (2023).</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Clonostachys shanghaiensis was established by Zhang et al. (2023), based on ITS and tub 2 sequence data (HMAS 351878). Clonostachys shanghaiensis clustered as a sister clade to C. rossmaniae (95 % MLB, 0.99 BYPP) (Zhang et al. 2023). In this study, phylogenetic analysis showed that Clonostachys shanghaiensis formed a successive sister clade with S. phyllophila, S. saulensis, and S. candelabrum (Fig. 1). It is worth noting that S. phyllophila, S. saulense, and S. candelabrum were renamed by Zhao et al. (2023) as C. phyllophila (Schroers 2001), C. saulensis (Lechat et al. 2020), C. candelabrum (Schroers 2001) and C. chuyangsinensis (Wang et al. 2023) based on morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, based on phylogenetic analysis, we propose C. shanghaiensis as a synonym of S. shanghaiense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/65F6ECAE541C5621A893BF016B004401	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Shucheng;Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini;Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.;Chomnunti, Putarak;Dissanayake, Lakmali S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Yang, Hongde;Zhao, Yun Wei;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Zhao, Qi;Hyde, Kevin D.	He, Shucheng, Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Chomnunti, Putarak, Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Yang, Hongde, Zhao, Yun Wei, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Zhao, Qi, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Xizang, China. MycoKeys 115: 43-66, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.115.139757
1A0F549371375C5FA4EF7B21BBDF4DB4.text	1A0F549371375C5FA4EF7B21BBDF4DB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sesquicillium W. Gams	<div><p>Sesquicillium W. Gams, Acta bot. neerl. 17 (6): 455 (1968)</p><p>Classification.</p><p>Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales, Sordariomycetes</p><p>Morphological characteristics.</p><p>Sexual morph: Ascomycetous. Perithecia solitary, gregarious or loosely aggregated, globose to subglobose, 200–400 μm diam, pale yellow or pale to light orange, not papillate, Perithecial wall either consisting of two or one major wall regions. Asci clavate, 8 - spored, with flat or rounded apex. Ascospores aseptate or 1 - septate, hyaline, spinulose, warted, with short striae, ellipsoidal to fusiform. Asexual morph. Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, monomorphic or dimorphic, penicillate, verticillate; branches at apex. Phialides one or two successive intercalary phialides, terminal, terminal whorls consisting of narrowly flask-shaped, hyaline. Conidia obovoid, ellipsoid, or fusoid, slightly curved or straight, hyaline, aseptate, smooth-walled, thin-walled.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Sesquicillium buxi (J. C. Schmidt ex Link) W. Gams, Acta bot. neerl. 17 (6): 455 (1968)</p><p>Notes.</p><p>Sesquicillium was established by Gams (1968). Morphologically, Sesquicillium shares similar characteristics with Clonostachys in that the conidiophores are macronematous, monomorphic or dimorphic, penicillate, verticillate-like, branched, flask-shaped conidiogenous cells (Preedanon et al. 2023; Zhao et al. 2023). Zhao et al. (2023) revealed the close relationship between Clonostachys and Sesquicillium and reclassified eight species of Clonostachys to Sesquicillium . The difference between Sesquicillium and Clonostachys lies in the development of their conidiophores. In Sesquicillium, the conidiophore will form a lateral conidia process after bifurcation, leading to the production of conidia. In Clonostachys, the conidiophore will not form lateral conidia protrusions after bifurcation. It continues to differentiate into terminal phialides (Gams 1968; Schroers 2001). Based on the research of Chen et al. (2023), and Zhao et al. (2023), we used ITS, 28 S, tef 1, tub 2, and rpb 2 to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree to investigate the relationship of Clonostachys species. The results show that Clonostachys aquatica and C. shanghaiensis are far from Clonostachys and more closely related to Sesquicillium . Therefore, based on morphological and phylogenetic analysis, we propose C. aquatica and C. shanghaiensis are synonyms of S. aquaticum and S. shanghaiense .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A0F549371375C5FA4EF7B21BBDF4DB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	He, Shucheng;Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini;Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S.;Chomnunti, Putarak;Dissanayake, Lakmali S.;Jayawardena, Ruvishika S.;Yang, Hongde;Zhao, Yun Wei;Al-Otibi, Fatimah;Zhao, Qi;Hyde, Kevin D.	He, Shucheng, Thiyagaraja, Vinodhini, Bhunjun, Chitrabhanu S., Chomnunti, Putarak, Dissanayake, Lakmali S., Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Yang, Hongde, Zhao, Yun Wei, Al-Otibi, Fatimah, Zhao, Qi, Hyde, Kevin D. (2025): Morphology and multi-gene phylogeny reveal three new species of Clonostachys and two combinations of Sesquicillium (Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales) from Xizang, China. MycoKeys 115: 43-66, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.115.139757
