identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
820C87A0FFA9255EFEAA4EEDFDB1D810.text	820C87A0FFA9255EFEAA4EEDFDB1D810.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinularia choui Benayahu & van Ofwegen 2011	<div><p>Sinularia choui, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 1 a–4)</p> <p>Material examined. – Holotype (ZRC 1999.2249) and four microscope slides deposited at TAU (ZMTAU Co 35103), Terumbu Penpang Tengah, 2–4 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 14 Jul. 1999.</p> <p>Diagnosis. – The holotype is a stalked colony, with a maximum cross-section of 2 × 4 cm and 5 cm high (Fig. 1a). The polypary consists in densely placed lobes that bear lobules with a rounded tip. Some of the polyps are partially retracted and visible on the surface of the lobules.</p> <p>The polyps have a collaret and eight points. The point sclerites have poorly developed heads, up to 0.19 mm long (Fig. 2a). The collaret spindles are slightly bent, 0.13–0.24 mm long, featuring sparse tubercles on their surface (Fig. 2b).</p> <p>The surface layer of the lobules has leptoclados - type clubs, 0.10–0.26 mm long, whose heads mostly feature pointed leaf-like processes (Fig. 2c). In addition, there are clubs, up to 0.24 mm long, with heads featuring a prominent warty ornamentation (Fig. 3a), and others that are even longer, up to 0.38 mm (Fig. 3b). The surface of the lobes has spindles, up to 0.51 mm long, with warty tubercles that are occasionally more common at one end of the spindle than the other (Fig. 3c).</p> <p>The clubs with leaf-like processes on the surface layer of the colony base are 0.10–0.17 mm long (Fig. 4a). They have wider handles and are shorter compared to those of the lobules’ surface. Some of these clubs, up to 0.30 mm long, feature heads with a warty ornamentation (Fig.4b, c). In addition, there are capstan-like sclerites, 0.10–0.16 mm long (Fig. 4d). The spindles of the surface of the base are shorter than those of the surface of the lobes, up to 0.37 mm long (Fig. 4e).</p> <p>The interior of the lobules has spindles, up to 1.95 mm long, some bent and with a side branch (Fig. 3d). Most of the spindles have sparsely dispersed small tubercles (Fig. 3e), but a few have more densely located and larger ones (Fig. 3f). The spindles in the interior of the base are up 1.90 mm long (Fig. 4f) with a dense tubercular sculpture (Fig. 4g).</p> <p>Colour. – The preserved holotype is light cream.</p> <p>Etymology. – The species name honours Prof. L. M. Chou, National University of Singapore, a prominent coral reef scientist, in appreciation of his initiative to conduct a soft coral survey in Singapore and in recognition of his immense contribution to the study of the Singapore reefs.</p> <p>Remarks. – Based on the presence of leptoclados - type clubs, collaret and point sclerites we assigned S. choui to clade 5C of McFadden et al. (2009). Within this clade, S. pumila Dautova et al., 2010 reveals two types of clubs in the surface layer of the lobes, with head either featuring pointed leaf-like processes or a warty ornamentation. In S. choui the clubs are larger than in S. pumila: the leafy ones reach up to 0.26 mm compared to 0.15 mm; the warty ones, 0.38 mm compared to 0.26 mm, respectively. Similarly, in S. choui most of the clubs of the surface layer of the base are longer than 0.10 mm (Fig. 4a), whereas in S. pumila they are 0.10 mm long or less (Dautova et al. 2010: Fig. 18). Hence, we conclude that S. choui has unique sclerite features, and does not resemble any congeneric species already described.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/820C87A0FFA9255EFEAA4EEDFDB1D810	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Benayahu, Y.;van Ofwegen, L. P.	Benayahu, Y., van Ofwegen, L. P. (2011): New Species Of The Genus Sinularia (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) From Singapore, With Notes On The Occurrence Of Other Species Of The Genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59 (2): 117-125, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508418
820C87A0FFAD255EFF154FFCFB2CDDD8.text	820C87A0FFAD255EFF154FFCFB2CDDD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinularia acuta Manuputty & Ofwegen 2007	<div><p>Sinularia acuta Manuputty &amp; Ofwegen, 2007</p> <p>(Figs. 1b, 5–7)</p> <p>Sinularia acuta Manuputty &amp; Ofwegen, 2007: 193 (Ambon); Ofwegen, 2008: 635-636 (Palau).</p> <p>Material examined. – 1 colony (1999.1043), Pulau Semakau, coll. S.L.M. Teo &amp; T. H. Choong, 12 Jun.1995; 1 colony (1999.1054), Pulau Hantu, south-east side of Is., reef flat, coll. S.L.M. Teo &amp; C.S.C. Lee, 8 Mar.1993; 1 colony (ZRC 1999.1080), Pulau Hantu, south-east side of Is., coll. S.L.M. Teo, 16 Feb.1995; 1 colony (ZMTAU Co 35104) [ZRC 1999.2224], Pulau Hantu, 1–4 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 15 Jul.1999; 1 colony (ZRC 1999.2229), Pulau Hantu, 1–4 m, coll. Y. Benayahu, 9 Jul.1999; 1 colony (1999.2268), Pulau Satumu (Raffles Lighthouse), 3–6 m, coll. Y. Benayau, 15 Jul.1999.</p> <p>Remarks. – The discussed colonies from Singapore resemble</p> <p>the holotype of S. acuta, except for ZRC 1999.2268, which shows certain differences. For comparison, both the colony and sclerites of ZRC 1999.2268 are presented here (Figs. 1b, 5–7). The colony shape (Fig. 1b) corresponds to the description of the holotype (Manuputty &amp; Ofwegen, 2007: Fig. 2a). The sclerites of the polypary fit those of the holotype, including the polyp point (Fig. 5a) and crown (Fig. 5b), the clubs of the surface layer of the lobes (Fig. 5c, d) and its spindles (Fig. 5e) (see Manuputty &amp; Ofwegen, 2007: Fig. 3). Similarly, the sclerites of the surface layer of the base, including the clubs (Fig. 6a, b) and spindles (Fig. 6c), correspond to the holotype (Manuputty &amp; Ofwegen, 2007: Fig. 4). However, the spindles of the interior of the lobules of ZRC 1999.2268 are mostly branched (Fig. 7a), as opposed to those of the other examined colonies (see above) and the holotype (Manuputty &amp; Ofwegen, 2007: Fig. 4c). The tubercular ornamentation of the spindles of all the colonies corresponds to the holotype (Fig. 7b, c, e, f). Notably, even the spindles in the interior of the base of ZRC 1999.2268 occasionally feature a side branch (Fig. 7d). We consider the slender spindles of the holotype of S. acuta, which are up to 3.6 mm long, a diagnostic of the species. The spindles depicted in Fig. 7a, are indeed of this type, up to 4 mm long, yet branched. Such differences between the holotype of S. acuta and the discussed colony are considered to reflect intra-specific variation, as commonly found in other Sinularia species (e.g., Dautova et al., 2010).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/820C87A0FFAD255EFF154FFCFB2CDDD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Benayahu, Y.;van Ofwegen, L. P.	Benayahu, Y., van Ofwegen, L. P. (2011): New Species Of The Genus Sinularia (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) From Singapore, With Notes On The Occurrence Of Other Species Of The Genus. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 59 (2): 117-125, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4508418
