identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
814387FFFFB5FFFD048B3E9F5665F8C9.text	814387FFFFB5FFFD048B3E9F5665F8C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argoravinia Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Argoravinia</p>
            <p> Head squared in profile, with squared anterior and posterior genal corners in profile; gena and postgenal with at least some white setulae; postalar wall setulose; stem of wing vein R 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 with ventral setulae elongated*; wing vein R 1 with setulae dorsally on basal half; male mid-femur with or without a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male abdominal ST5 with posterior margin very widely V-shaped; cercal prong straight or almost straight, slightly bent backwards in  Argoravinia (s.s.); pregonite proximally narrow and distally wide*; ejaculatory apodeme large; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallus dorso-distally rounded; paraphallus with paraphallic lateral expansions; vesica broad and flat; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; hillae tapering*; hillae directed latero-ventrally, not touching the inner paraphallic wall; median stylus greatly elongated; median stylus S-shaped*; capitis as a smooth, rounded lobe, proximally swollen and strongly sclerotized*. </p>
            <p> Subgenus  Argoravinia (s.s.): male with 5–6 fronto-orbital setulae; epandrium with a lateral apophysis*; vesica superficially bifid; female T6 entire; female epiproct with one seta. </p>
            <p> Subgenus  Raviniopsis Townsend : male with 7–12 fronto-orbital setulae; epandrium without a lateral apophysis; vesica deeply bifid; female T6 divided; female epiproct with two setae. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB5FFFD048B3E9F5665F8C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB5FFFD07133D835167FB21.text	814387FFFFB5FFFD07133D835167FB21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Austrophyto	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Austrophyto</p>
            <p>Arista plumose in at most basal half; male with rows of frontal setae diverging anteriorly; parafacial plate with strong setae; thorax with metallic grey/golden stripes (highly contrasting with the blackish background); anepimeron with four strong setae and sparse weak setae; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind trochanter with a pad of short setae covering almost the entire posterior surface; male abdominal T5 higher than other abdominal tergites; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with a swelling and a fold along cleft margin, and with a rounded or pointed lobe on the anterior half; epandrium and syntergosternite 7 + 8 orangish or reddish; cercal prong acute or almost acute; surstylus two to three times longer than wide; postgonite with two long setae*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; phallus with a sclerotized, rigid and tubular ventral area between basi- and distiphallus; phallus with a paler ventral area between disti- and basiphallus; paler ventral area between disti- and basiphallus swollen*; vesica with a proximal desclerotized, microserrated and bilobed section*; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; harpes parallel to the acrophallic structures; harpes enlarged ventrally, with a distal fold and a roughened surface; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; distiphallus with a medial juxtal sclerite*; juxta as two apico-lateral membranous lobes*.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB5FFFD07133D835167FB21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB5FFFD071339925016F964.text	814387FFFFB5FFFD071339925016F964.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bahamiola Dodge 1965	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Bahamiola</p>
            <p>Male with two proclinate fronto-orbital setae; notopleuron with subprimary setae; two katepisternal setae; postalar wall bare; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; male hind coxa with posterior setulae reduced (usually bare, occasional specimens with one or a few setulae); male ST5 with posterior margin straight or with a shallow concavity; male ST5 with a central patch of setae; phallus with basi- and distiphallus connected by a desclerotized strip; vesical arm-shaped lever not elongated; vesical arm-shaped lever bilobed distally; vesica with distal section ornamented; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; juxta hood-shaped, with a smooth surface and with ventral margin enlarged to form a capsule; spermathecae oval; female without an epiproct.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB5FFFD071339925016F964	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB5FFFB07133A5156A7FCB9.text	814387FFFFB5FFFB07133A5156A7FCB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blaesoxipha Loew. With 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Blaesoxipha</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 without dorsal setulae; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male hind tibia with apical postero-ventral seta well differentiated; male hind trochanter with a postero-median row of spines; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong with a backwards bend in the proximal half; cercal prong with spine-like setae on dorsal surface; cercal prong with a proximal hump on dorsal surface; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; vesica reduced or not developed; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli fused through a ventro-median bridge proximal to the median stylus; lateral styli collapsed and with no outlet; lateral styli plate-like, with digitate margins or finger-shaped processes; capitis flat and simple; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; juxta partially or entirely fused to acrophallic structures; juxta straight; distal margin of juxta with spine-like processes.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB5FFFB07133A5156A7FCB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB3FFFB048B3E7A562AF9C2.text	814387FFFFB3FFFB048B3E7A562AF9C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Boettcheria Parker 1914	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Boettcheria</p>
            <p>Arista plumose in at most basal half; six or more frontal setae below dorsal limit of lunule*; male with rows of frontal setae diverging anteriorly; parafacial plate with strong setae; thorax with metallic grey/golden stripes (highly contrasting with the blackish background); anepimeron with four strong setae and sparse weak setae; postalar wall bare; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind trochanter with a postero-ventral brush-like clump of short, stubby setae distally*; male abdominal T5 higher than other abdominal tergites; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with a swelling and fold along cleft margin, and with a rounded or pointed lobe on the anterior half; syntergosternite 7 + 8 blackish; cercal prong acute or almost acute; surstylus two to three times longer than wide; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; phallus with a sclerotized, rigid and tubular ventral area between basi- and distiphallus; vesica convoluted*; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; harpes parallel to the acrophallic structures; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta squared with proximal corners slightly elongated*.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB3FFFB048B3E7A562AF9C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB3FFFB048B3BF7516DFDF1.text	814387FFFFB3FFFB048B3BF7516DFDF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysagria Townsend 1935	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Chrysagria</p>
            <p>Two katepisternal setae; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with a rounded or pointed process halfway between the angle and tip of the V; cercal prong acute or almost acute; cercus with a median tuft of long brown and yellow setae directed medially*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; proximal and distal parts of harpes fused; distal part of harpes entirely or partly desclerotized; harpes protruding parallel to lateral styli; acrophallus formed of the lateral styli and capitis; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; lateral styli long and curved, reaching beyond apex of distiphallus; capitis flat and simple; juxta composed of two elongated and smooth segments*; female abdominal ST 9 in the shape of a plough-like larvipositor.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB3FFFB048B3BF7516DFDF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB3FFFB07133FCA5783FA95.text	814387FFFFB3FFFB07133FCA5783FA95.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Comasarcophaga Hall 1931	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Comasarcophaga</p>
            <p>Pedicel length more than twice its width*; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong with a backwards bend in distal or subapical position; cercal prong with spine-like setae on dorsal surface; cercal prong with a proximal hump on dorsal surface; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallic blinkers rounded with a ventral sclerotized area*; distiphallus partially surrounding the acrophallus, styli usually visible in lateral view; vesica bulbous; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped, with an outlet; lateral styli usually exposed in profile; capitis flat and simple; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; juxta entirely separated from acrophallic structures; juxta straight to slightly arching; distal margin of juxta without spine-like processes.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB3FFFB07133FCA5783FA95	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB3FFFA071338365585FE78.text	814387FFFFB3FFFA071338365585FE78.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dexosarcophaga Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Dexosarcophaga</p>
            <p>Male with rows of frontal setae almost parallel; occipital setulae above occipital foramen black; postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); pregonite C-shaped*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; vesical arm-shaped lever gently angled; vesica with distal section bifid and not particularly ornamented; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; hillae long spoon-shaped with a squared apex; juxta hood-shaped with a smooth surface; female tergite 8 with broad and ventro-laterally truncated halves connected medially by a narrow strip.</p>
            <p> Subgenus  Cistudinomyia : posterior postgenal setulae white; epandrium reddish, usually the same colour as syntergosternite 7 + 8; distiphallus without paraphallic distal expansions. </p>
            <p> Subgenus  Dexosarcophaga : genal and postgenal setulae generally black; white setulae, when present, are very scarce and restricted to the posteriormost part of the postgena; epandrium blackish, usually the same colour as syntergosternite 7 + 8*; distiphallus with paraphallic distal expansions. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB3FFFA071338365585FE78	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB2FFFA04B93CBB56D2FB1A.text	814387FFFFB2FFFA04B93CBB56D2FB1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Duckemyia Kano & Lopes 1969	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Duckemyia</p>
            <p>Male with one or two proclinate fronto-orbital setae; facial ridge with dense setosity on lower 0.85; postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae not reaching crossvein r-m; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; cercal prong bilobed; cercal prong with a pointed tip; postgonite perpendicular to body axis; phallus almost as short or shorter than pregonite; phallus short and compact; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; vesica three-lobed composed of a proximal section not divided and two vesical lateral arms; vesical lateral arms ribbon-like*; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; hillae directed ventrally; hillae sclerotized; hillae paddle-like; hillae touching the inner paraphallic wall only at apex; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta squared, with distal margin even; juxta flat or slightly concave.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB2FFFA04B93CBB56D2FB1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB2FFFA04B939A751F1FEA2.text	814387FFFFB2FFFA04B939A751F1FEA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emblemasoma Aldrich 1916	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Emblemasoma</p>
            <p>Facial plate almost equibroad along its entire length*; parafacial plate widest at level of lunule*; palpus with long setae*; prosternum enlarged anteriorly*; three postsutural acrostichal setae; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male mid-femur with 1–4 setae at mid-length on antero-dorsal surface*; male abdominal ST5 with a wide V-shaped cleft and with a rounded to pointed process midway between the angle and tip of the V; cercal prong abruptly swollen and with a blunt apex*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; vesica composed of two leaf-shaped lobes*; paraphallic apical expansions present; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; proximal and distal parts of harpes separated by a hinge; distal part of harpes sclerotized; harpes parallel to lateral styli and median stylus; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta angled; juxta squared with an undulated distal margin; juxta slightly displaced anteriorly.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB2FFFA04B939A751F1FEA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB2FFFA07013C175129FB8B.text	814387FFFFB2FFFA07013C175129FB8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Emdenimyia Lopes 1946	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Emdenimyia</p>
            <p>Facial ridge with long dense setosity along its full length*; proepisternum setulose; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male hind trochanter with a postero-ventral brush-like clump of short, stubby setae medially*; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong without a bend; cercal prong without spine-like setae on dorsal surface; cercal prong with a proximal hump on dorsal surface; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; basiphallus compressed laterally; basiphallus with a dorsal longitudinal keel; paraphallus tube-shaped and open dorsally*; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; vesica reduced or not developed; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli collapsed and with no outlet; lateral styli plate-like, with digitate margins; lateral styli directed dorsally*; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; median stylus balloon-like*; juxta partially to entirely fused to acrophallic structures; juxta straight; distal margin of juxta with spine-like processes.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB2FFFA07013C175129FB8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB2FFFA0701392C5010F9EC.text	814387FFFFB2FFFA0701392C5010F9EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Engelimyia Lopes 1975	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Engelimyia</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind femur curved; male abdominal ST3 with one patch of dense, erect, black, setae*; male abdominal ST4 with two patches of dense, erect, black, setae; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; male ST5 with a small pad of strong short setae medially on inner margin of cleft; cercal prong gradually swollen with a knob-like apex; cercal prong with dorso-lateral keels; cercal prong with a lateral tuft of long setae; paraphallic tube as long as wide; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli with stylar lateral plates; lateral styli with stylar membranous lobes*; juxta globose, spiny and denticulated.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB2FFFA0701392C5010F9EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB2FFF907013BC855D5FDD0.text	814387FFFFB2FFF907013BC855D5FDD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Fletcherimyia Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Fletcherimyia</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong with a backwards bend in distal or subapical position; cercal prong without spine-like setae on dorsal surface; cercal prong with a proximal hump on dorsal surface; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; vesica as a single, tongue-shaped structure; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped, with an outlet; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; juxta entirely or partially fused to acrophallic structures; juxta straight to slightly arching; distal margin of juxta without spine-like processes; juxta with cuticular pubescence along its distal margin*; female abdominal T6 strongly convex; female abdominal ST6–7 fused.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB2FFF907013BC855D5FDD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB1FFF9048B3FE45551FA44.text	814387FFFFB1FFF9048B3FE45551FA44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halliosca Lopes 1975	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Halliosca</p>
            <p>First flagellomere not elongated, two to three times the length of pedicel; facial ridge with scattered, not particularly dense setosity; distance between occiput and antennal base shorter than distance between occiput and vibrissal angle; proepisternum bare; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with two pointed black cuticular processes on the angle of the V; cerci with a proximal tuft of long black setae; cercal prong bent at mid-length; proximal margin of surstylus overlapping the hinge between epandrium and surstylus; margin of surstylus slightly folded or protruding outwards; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallic apical expansions present; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; proximal and distal parts of harpes fused; distal part of harpes sclerotized; harpes parallel to lateral styli and median stylus; vesica bulbous; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta arching in lateral view; juxta squared with an undulated distal margin; juxta not displaced relative to longitudinal axis of phallic tube.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB1FFF9048B3FE45551FA44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB1FFF9048B3B70500BFDF1.text	814387FFFFB1FFF9048B3B70500BFDF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Helicobia Coquillett 1895	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Helicobia</p>
            <p>Ocellar and vertical setae strong; parafacial plate with strong setae; postcranium concave or flat; three postsutural dorso-central setae; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind trochanter with a medial pad of short bristly setae, and with a strong seta at its posterior margin*; male hind tibia with apical postero-ventral seta well differentiated; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with a rounded or pointed process halfway between the angle and tip of the V; cercal prong acute or almost acute; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; proximal and distal parts of harpes fused; distal part of harpes entirely or partly desclerotized; harpes protruding parallel to lateral styli and median stylus; acrophallus formed of the lateral styli and capitis; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis recurved; juxta dome-shaped with juxtal lateral plates; female T6 with a mid-dorsal desclerotized, fine strip or narrow membranous longitudinal cleft.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB1FFF9048B3B70500BFDF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB1FFF807133FC7563DFF43.text	814387FFFFB1FFF807133FC7563DFF43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm 1891	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Lepidodexia</p>
            <p> Male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with a rounded expansion taking up the entire posterior half*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallic apical expansions present; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; proximal and distal parts of harpes separated by a hinge; vesica bipartite: with a C-shaped medial section and a convex, sclerotized distal section*; vesica with a proximal spinous lobe*; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis flat and simple; juxta angled relative to phallic tube; juxta squared with an undulated distal margin; juxta slightly displaced anteriorly relative to longitudinal axis of phallic tube* Additional character states for internal classification of  Lepidodexia : first flagellomere elongated, at least four times the length of pedicel (only in subgenera  Chlorosarcophaga ,  Dexomyophora Townsend and  Notochaeta Aldrich); facial ridge with dense setosity on lower 0.70 (only in subgenus  Dexomyophora ); male with proclinate fronto-orbital setae (only in subgenus  Neophyto Townsend ); postgenal setulae white or yellow (only in subgenus  Hallina Lopes ); distance between occiput and antennal base longer than distance between occiput and vibrissal angle (only in subgenera  Archimimus and  Neophyto ); proepisternum setulose (only in subgenus  Notochaeta ); postalar wall setulose (only in subgenera  Chlorosarcophaga ,  Dexomyophora and  Hallina ); third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally (except in subgenus  Hallina ); male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section) (only in subgenus  Archimimus ); male hind tibia with an apical postero-ventral seta differentiated (only in subgenera  Notochaeta and  Neophyto ); male abdominal tergites metallic blue, purple or green (only in subgenus  Chlorosarcophaga and some species of subgenus  Notochaeta ); pregonite distally spatulated (only in subgenus  Archimimus ); distal part of harpes sclerotized (except in subgenus  Hallina ); harpes dorso-medially over base of lateral styli (except in subgenus  Archimimus ); median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet (except in subgenus  Archimimus ). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB1FFF807133FC7563DFF43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB0FFF804B93C745683FB88.text	814387FFFFB0FFF804B93C745683FB88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lipoptilocnema Townsend 1934	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Lipoptilocnema</p>
            <p>Male with rows of frontal setae divergent anteriorly; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with two pointed black cuticular processes on the angle of the V; cercal prong with a dorsal saddle-shaped excavation followed by a hump; cerci with a proximal tuft of long black setae; proximal margin of surstylus overlapping the hinge between epandrium and surstylus*; margin of surstylus slightly folded or protruding outwards; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphalic dorsal wall with a shallow or deep desclerotized longitudinal strip; paraphallus with paraphallic proximal expansions; paraphallus with a spiny process arching over the juxta*; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; harpes with a hinge between proximal and distal parts; distal part of harpes membranous*; harpes protruding dorso-medially over base of lateral styli; acrophallus formed of the lateral styli and capitis; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis recurved; juxta recurved*; juxta triangular with longitudinal keel, laterally membranous, and apically bifid and spinose*.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB0FFF804B93C745683FB88	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB0FFF804B9392C5035FEA2.text	814387FFFFB0FFF804B9392C5035FEA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malacophagomyia Lopes 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Malacophagomyia</p>
            <p>Head squared in profile, with squared anterior and posterior genal corners in profile; postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; stem of wing vein R 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 with ventral setulae elongated; male abdominal ST4 with spine-like setae; male abdominal ST5 with posterior margin very widely V-shaped; cerci fused along their entire length*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallus dorso-distally rounded; paraphallus with paraphallic lateral expansions; vesica broad and flat; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; hillae directed latero-ventrally, not touching the inner paraphallic wall; hillae membranous distally*; median stylus greatly elongated; median stylus curved*; juxta arching over the lateral styli; juxtal apex with two pointed processes*.</p>
            <p> Subgenus  Dodgeisca : male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); pregonite straight, sclerotized, as long as phallus; hillae tube-like distally*. </p>
            <p> Subgenus  Malacophagomyia : male mid-femur without a ctenidium; pregonite shorter than phallus, with a membranous area along the ventral margin and near the bent apical part (except in  Malacophagomyia rivadavia Mulieri &amp; Mello-Patiu, 2013 ); hillae filiform with a wide or bifid apex*. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB0FFF804B9392C5035FEA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB0FFF807013C17514EFCA4.text	814387FFFFB0FFF807013C17514EFCA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malacophagula Bequaert 1925	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Malacophagula</p>
            <p>Head rounded in profile*; first flagellomere shortened, at most two times the length of pedicel*; lunule widened*; parafacial plate with strong setae; postgena swollen in lateral view*; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; postalar wall bare; lower calypter rounded*; male mid-femur with or without a ctenidium; male hind tibia with apical postero-ventral setae well differentiated; male abdominal ST5 with posterior margin very widely V-shaped, with an obtuse inner angle; paraphallus dorso-distally rounded; vesica broad and flat, with two small, rounded medial lobes; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; hillae directed latero-ventrally, not touching the inner paraphallic wall; juxta demarcated.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB0FFF807013C17514EFCA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB0FFF807013E1057AFF98D.text	814387FFFFB0FFF807013E1057AFF98D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mecynocorpus Roback 1954	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Mecynocorpus</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of flattened spines (oval or rectangular cross section); male hind tibia with apical postero-ventral seta well differentiated; male hind trochanter without a postero-median row of spines; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong with a backwards bend in the proximal half; cercal prong with spine-like setae on dorsal surface; cercal prong with a proximal hump on dorsal surface; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; vesica reduced or not developed; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli fused through a ventro-median bridge proximal to the median stylus; lateral styli collapsed and with no outlet; lateral styli plate-like, with digitate margins or finger-shaped processes; capitis flat and simple; median stylus cone-shaped and noticeably widened*; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; juxta partially fused to acrophallic structures; juxta straight; distal margin of juxta with spine-like processes.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB0FFF807013E1057AFF98D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFB0FFC707013B33576FFCFA.text	814387FFFFB0FFC707013B33576FFCFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcerella , Macquart 1851	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Microcerella</p>
            <p>Eyes green*; arista plumose in at most basal half; male with rows of frontal setae diverging anteriorly; parafacial plate with strong setae; thorax with metallic grey/ golden stripes (highly contrasting with the blackish background); anepimeron with four strong setae and sparse weak setae; postalar wall bare; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind trochanter with a pad of short setae covering almost the entire posterior surface; male abdominal T5 higher than other abdominal tergites; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with a swelling and a fold along cleft margin, and with or without a rounded or pointed lobe on the anterior half; epandrium orangish or reddish, contrasting with the blackish colour of syntergosternite 7 + 8*; hypandrium swollen at level of pregonite*; cercal prong acute or almost acute; surstylus two to three times longer than wide; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; phallus with a sclerotized, rigid and tubular ventral area between basi- and distiphallus; phallus with a paler ventral area between disti- and basiphallus; paler ventral area between disti- and basiphallus flat; vesica bulbous; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; harpes parallel to the acrophallic structures; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta campanulated to oval*.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFB0FFC707013B33576FFCFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8FFFC7048B3E3F5689FA65.text	814387FFFF8FFFC7048B3E3F5689FA65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nephochaetopteryx Townsend 1934	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Nephochaetopteryx</p>
            <p>Male with one or two proclinate fronto-orbital setae; notopleuron with subprimary setae; postalar wall setulose; metasternum setulose; hind coxa with strong setae posteriorly*; mid-tibia with neither antero-dorsal nor antero-ventral setae*; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; wing fumose between apical part of veins R 2 + 3 and C*; male terminalia red or black; male abdominal ST4 with a dense patch of erect black setae near posterior margin; phallus with basi- and distiphallus connected by a desclerotized strip; vesical arm-shaped lever not elongated, strongly angled in lateral view; vesica with distal section ornamented; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli with hillae directed proximally, sclerotized and long spoon-shaped; juxta hood-shaped, ornamented, smooth proximally and wrinkled distally; puparial spiracles in a shallow depression.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8FFFC7048B3E3F5689FA65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8FFFC7048B3B5E57BFFE29.text	814387FFFF8FFFC7048B3B5E57BFFE29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxysarcodexia Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Oxysarcodexia</p>
            <p>Male with rows of frontal setae almost parallel; postalar wall setulose; tegula blackish and basicosta orange; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of flattened spines (oval or rectangular cross section); phallus with basi- and distiphallus connected by a desclerotized strip; paraphallus antero-proximally with a lateral triangular expansion proximal to the vesica*; vesical arm-shaped lever not elongated, strongly angled in lateral view; distal section of the vesica very ornamented; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli with hillae directed proximally, sclerotized and long spoon-shaped; juxta hood-shaped, ornamented, smooth proximally and wrinkled distally; juxta with a proximal convex membranous expansion*; larva I with convoluted, festoon-like oral ridges; larva I with rim of spiracular cavity microtrichose.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8FFFC7048B3B5E57BFFE29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8FFFC707133C8A57BFFC0D.text	814387FFFF8FFFC707133C8A57BFFC0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxyvinia Dodge 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Oxyvinia</p>
            <p>Male with rows of frontal setae almost parallel; parafacial plate with setulae only; occipital setulae above occipital foramen black; anterior postgenal setulae black; postalar wall setulose; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male terminalia red; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallus bent in its proximal third*; vesical arm-shaped lever gently angled; vesica with distal section bifid and not particularly ornamented; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; hillae long spoon-shaped with a squared apex; juxta hood-shaped with a smooth surface; larva I with straight, festoon-like oral ridges; larva I with rim of spiracular cavity microtrichose.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8FFFC707133C8A57BFFC0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8FFFC707133EB350C4F9C0.text	814387FFFF8FFFC707133EB350C4F9C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panava Dodge 1968	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Panava</p>
            <p>Male with one or two proclinate fronto-orbital setae; parafacial plate with setulae only; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; surstylus with an apical patch of microsetulae; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; basiphallus with a dorsal hump at junction with distiphallus; basiphallus long and slender; vesica composed of two elongated bifid parts; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; external walls of lateral styli fused medially*; lateral styli tube-shaped; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; capitis wide and denticulated; juxta partially to entirely fused to acrophallic structures; juxta Y-shaped in frontal view.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8FFFC707133EB350C4F9C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8FFFC607133BF4561FFDB4.text	814387FFFF8FFFC607133BF4561FFDB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Peckia</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; lower calypter with fringe of long, hair-like setulae along outer margin, extending to – or almost to – the posterior corner*; male mid-femur with or without a ctenidium; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft, with a rounded or pointed process halfway between the angle and tip of the V; cercal prong with a dorsal saddle-shaped excavation followed by a hump; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallic tube wider than long*; harpes reduced*; acrophallus formed of the lateral styli; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; lateral styli long and curved, reaching beyond apex of distiphallus; capitis reduced*; juxta dome-shaped, with juxtal lateral plates; female abdominal T6 divided into two lateral plates door-like closing the terminalia.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8FFFC607133BF4561FFDB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8EFFC604B93F0055B8FA39.text	814387FFFF8EFFC604B93F0055B8FA39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peckiamyia Dodge 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Peckiamyia</p>
            <p>Facial ridge with dense setosity on lower 0.85; postgenal setulae much longer than genal setulae*; postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae not reaching crossvein r-m; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male ST4 with two patches of dense erect black setae near posterior margin; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; cercal prong bilobed; cercal prong with a pointed tip; surstylus with a proximal lobe-shaped expansion*; surstylus with stubby setae on proximal half*; postgonite perpendicular to body axis; pregonite with strong proximal setae*; phallus almost as short or shorter than pregonite; phallus short and compact; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; vesica three-lobed, whose proximal section has a shallow proximal division giving two joined lobes*; vesical lateral arms trapezoid*; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; hillae directed ventrally; hillae sclerotized; hillae paddle-like; hillae touching the inner paraphallic wall only at apex; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta squared, with even distal margin; juxta flat or slightly concave.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8EFFC604B93F0055B8FA39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8EFFC604B938FA57E8FE08.text	814387FFFF8EFFC604B938FA57E8FE08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Promayoa Dodge 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Promayoa</p>
            <p>Postalar wall bare; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; dorsal setulae on wing vein R 4 + 5 reaching crossvein r-m; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong rounded and narrow in posterior view; cercal prong straight or almost straight; surstylus equal to or longer than cercus; surstylus with an apical patch of microsetulae; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; basiphallus with a dorsal hump at junction with distiphallus; basiphallus long and slender; vesica composed of two elongated parts; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli not fused medially; lateral styli plate-like, with digitate margins or finger-shaped processes; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; capitis wide and denticulated; juxta entirely fused to acrophallic structures; juxta straight.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8EFFC604B938FA57E8FE08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8EFFC607013CAC57D4FBD5.text	814387FFFF8EFFC607013CAC57D4FBD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rafaelia Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Rafaelia</p>
            <p> Head squared in profile, with squared anterior and posterior genal corners in profile; parafacial plate with strong setae; gena and postgenal with at least some white setulae; postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally (bare in  Rafaelia natiuscula [Lopes, 1941]); third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; dorsal setulae on wing vein R 4 + 5 not reaching crossvein r-m; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia with apical postero-ventral seta well differentiated; male abdominal ST5 with posterior margin very widely V-shaped; cercal prong straight or almost straight; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallus dorso-distally rounded; hypophallus globose, weakly sclerotized, with only the very apex of the vesica sclerotized*; vesica broad and flat, with two small, rounded to flattened medial lobes; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; hillae directed latero-ventrally, not touching the inner paraphallic wall; juxta demarcated. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8EFFC607013CAC57D4FBD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8EFFC6070139EE5025F9CE.text	814387FFFF8EFFC6070139EE5025F9CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ravinia	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Ravinia</p>
            <p>Male with rows of frontal setae almost parallel; postalar wall setulose; tegula orange or yellowish, concolorous with basicosta; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of flattened spines (oval or rectangular cross section); phallus with basi- and distiphallus connected by a desclerotized strip; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli with blunt or distally pointed hillae*; hillae with a membranous bladder and/ or a groove; vesica narrow and flake-shaped*; vesical arm-shaped lever straight proximally*; distal section of the vesica flat to reduced*; juxta hood-shaped, slightly swollen distally, partially wrinkled*; larva I with convoluted, festoon-like oral ridges; larva I with rim of spiracular cavity microtrichose.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8EFFC6070139EE5025F9CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8EFFC507013BF65677FD7C.text	814387FFFF8EFFC507013BF65677FD7C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Retrocitomyia Lopes 1982	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Retrocitomyia</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; tegula orange or yellowish; wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae not reaching crossvein r-m; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; cercal prong bilobed; cercal prong bilobed with a blunt tip*; cercal prong without dorso-medial setae*; postgonite perpendicular to body axis; phallus almost as short or shorter than pregonite; phallus short and compact; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; vesica three-lobed with a proximal section undivided and arch-shaped; vesical lateral arms paddle-like with a hook-shaped apex*; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; hillae directed ventrally; hillae sclerotized; hillae paddle-like; hillae touching the inner paraphallic wall only at apex; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta squared, with distal margin even; juxta undulated dorso-ventrally or with a median folding*.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8EFFC507013BF65677FD7C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8DFFC5048B3FB8560FFB16.text	814387FFFF8DFFC5048B3FB8560FFB16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rettenmeyerina Dodge 1968	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Rettenmeyerina</p>
            <p>Male with one or two proclinate fronto-orbital setae; notopleuron with subprimary setae; postalar wall setulose; metasternum setulose; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; hind coxa setulose posteriorly; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male terminalia red; male ST5 with a central patch of setae; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; vesical arm-shaped lever gently angled; vesica with distal section bifid and not particularly ornamented; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; desclerotized area between the paraphallus and the juxta; juxta hood-shaped with a smooth surface; spermathecae elliptical.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8DFFC5048B3FB8560FFB16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8DFFC5048B39A3569DF8D3.text	814387FFFF8DFFC5048B39A3569DF8D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarcodexiopsis Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Sarcodexiopsis (possibly paraphyletic) </p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 setulose or bare dorsally; dorsal setulae on wing vein R 4 + 5 not reaching crossvein r-m; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong straight or almost straight; apical half of surstylus with or without a patch of microsetae; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; basiphallus long and slender; basiphallus without a dorsal hump at junction with distiphallus; vesica bulbous; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; capitis wide and denticulated; lateral styli with or without a clear opening; lateral styli tube-shaped or plate-like, with digitate margins/finger-like processes; juxta entirely fused to acrophallic structures; juxta straight; distal margin of juxta smooth, with no spine-like processes.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8DFFC5048B39A3569DF8D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8DFFC507133D83501FFBB9.text	814387FFFF8DFFC507133D83501FFBB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarcofahrtiopsis Hall 1933	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Sarcofahrtiopsis</p>
            <p>Male with one or two proclinate fronto-orbital setae; notopleuron with subprimary setae reduced (usually entirely absent, occasional specimens with a single small subprimary seta); two katepisternal setae; postalar wall bare; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male hind coxa with posterior setulae reduced (usually bare, occasional specimens with one or a few setulae); male ST5 with posterior margin straight or with a shallow concavity; male ST5 with a central patch of setae; phallus with basi- and distiphallus connected by a desclerotized strip; vesical arm-shaped lever very elongated (twice its full length) ventrally; vesical arm-shaped lever with a hammer-shaped apex; distal section of the vesica globose, with small denticles; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; juxta hood-shaped, with ventral margin enlarged to form a globose and denticulated hood; spermathecae oval; female without an epiproct.</p>
            <p> Subgenus  Pacatuba : male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; metasternum setulose. </p>
            <p> Subgenus  Sarcofahrtiopsis : male mid-femur without a ctenidium; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; metasternum with reduced setosity*. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8DFFC507133D83501FFBB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8DFFC40713390A5573FF40.text	814387FFFF8DFFC40713390A5573FF40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarcophaga	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Sarcophaga</p>
            <p>Male with rows of frontal setae divergent anteriorly; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur usually without a ctenidium; male hind trochanter with a postero-medial pad of short setae proximally*; male hind tibia with apical postero-ventral seta well differentiated; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; cercal prong with a dorsal saddle-shaped excavation followed by a hump; cerci with a proximal tuft of long, black setae; margin of surstylus slightly folded or protruding outwards; seta of postgonite slightly shortened*; seta of postgonite situated distal to middle*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphalic dorsal wall with a shallow or deep desclerotized longitudinal strip; paraphallus with proximal expansions; paraphallus with a window*; distiphallus with a hinge between paraphallus and harpes; harpes elbowed in proximal part*; harpes with a desclerotized strip between proximal and distal parts*; distal part of harpes entirely or partially desclerotized; distal part of harpes bearing an apical process*; harpes protruding dorso-medially over base of lateral styli; acrophallus formed of the lateral styli and capitis; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; lateral styli proximally coiled or spiraling*; capitis elongated, recurved and denticulated; juxta dome-shaped, with juxtal lateral plates.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8DFFC40713390A5573FF40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8CFFC404B93C7455D2FC22.text	814387FFFF8CFFC404B93C7455D2FC22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarothromyiops Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Sarothromyiops</p>
            <p>Postalar wall bare; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae reaching crossvein r-m; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male terminalia black; cleft of abdominal ST5 of male without any special set of setae; male cercus dorso-laterally bare; cercal prong with subapical region swollen or curved; cerci with basal rounded expansions; phallus short and compact; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; basiphallus laterally compressed and with a longitudinal dorsal keel; vesica with no special mechanism of attachment to the hypophallus; vesica without divisions; vesica broad and flat; acrophallic levers absent; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; hillae filiform, latero-ventrally directed and touching the inner paraphallic wall only through the medial part; juxta without demarcation with respect to paraphallus; juxta with its lateral ends elongated ventrally.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8CFFC404B93C7455D2FC22	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8CFFC404B93E975639F929.text	814387FFFF8CFFC404B93E975639F929.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sinopiella Lopes & Tibana 1982	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Sinopiella</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae not reaching crossvein r-m; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; ST1–4 with white or yellow setae; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; cercal prong acute or almost acute; postgonite perpendicular to body axis; postgonite slightly swollen*; postgonite enlarged*; pregonite dorso-ventrally flattened and concave*; phallus almost as short or shorter than pregonite; phallus short and compact; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallus humped postero-distally*; vesica three-lobed with a proximal section undivided and lobe-shaped*; vesical lateral arms elongated with rounded apex*; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; lateral styli without hillae; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta deeply recessed within the phallic tube*; juxta squared, with anterior margin pointed*.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8CFFC404B93E975639F929	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8CFFC404B93B975781FC26.text	814387FFFF8CFFC404B93B975781FC26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Spirobolomyia Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Spirobolomyia</p>
            <p>Tegula orange or yellowish; postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male hind tibia with apical postero-ventral seta well differentiated; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong with a backwards bend in distal or subapical position; cercal prong with spine-like setae on dorsal surface; cercal prong with a proximal hump on dorsal surface; cercal prong with a sinuous lateral margin (dorsal view); postgonal apodeme elongated*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallic blinkers rounded, with a membranous ventral tube-like process*; paraphallus with a strong keel on dorsal wall*; paraphallus with a beak-like projection arching over the juxta*; distiphallus surrounding the acrophallus, styli visible in lateral view; vesica bulbous; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped, with an outlet; lateral styli partially or entirely exposed in profile; lateral styli elongated; capitis flat and simple; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus greatly elongated; median stylus curved; juxta entirely separated from acrophallic structures; juxta straight; distal margin of juxta without spine-like processes; female abdominal ST6–8 fused; female abdominal T6 with the median part of the posterior margin devoid of setae, projecting and tongue-like.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8CFFC404B93B975781FC26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8CFFC407013E93514FF9E0.text	814387FFFF8CFFC407013E93514FF9E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tapacura	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Tapacura</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae not reaching crossvein r-m; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; cercal prong acute or almost acute; postgonite perpendicular to body axis; pregonite shorter than phallus; phallus short and compact; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; paraphallus with latero-ventral plate-like structures completely fused to the paraphallic wall and with a distal cleft; vesica three-lobed with a proximal section undivided and arch-shaped; vesical lateral arms disc-shaped; acrophallus formed of a capitis, hillae, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; hillae directed ventrally; hillae sclerotized; hillae paddle-like; hillae touching the inner paraphallic wall only at apex; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta squared, with anterior margin even and flat*.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8CFFC407013E93514FF9E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8CFFC307013BD45575FD32.text	814387FFFF8CFFC307013BD45575FD32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thomazomyia Lopes 1976	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Thomazomyia</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae reaching crossvein r-m; third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind trochanter with a postero-ventral brush-like clump of short, stubby setae proximally*; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; cercal prong with a backwards bend in distal or subapical position; cercal prong with a proximal hump on dorsal surface; cercal prong without spine-like setae on dorsal surface; pregonite bifid distally; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; vesica bulbous; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli collapsed and with no outlet; lateral styli finger-like and small; capitis flat and simple; median stylus without distinct opening; median stylus straight; juxta partially to entirely fused to acrophallic structures; juxta straight; distal margin of juxta with spine-like processes.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8CFFC307013BD45575FD32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8BFFC3048B3FF850E7FF40.text	814387FFFF8BFFC3048B3FF850E7FF40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Titanogrypa Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Titanogrypa</p>
            <p> Postalar wall setulose; scutellum with a patch of whitish hair-like setulae on the lateral margins (except in subgenus  Sarconeiva Lopes and the species  T. (Cucullomyia) luculenta [Lopes, 1938],  Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) larvicida [Lopes, 1935] and  Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) ecuatoriana [Lopes, 1988]); wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally (only in subgenus  Sarconeiva ); wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae reaching crossvein r-m (only in subgenus  Sarconeiva ); third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal T5 with rounded margin ventrally (only in subgenera  Airypel Dodge and  Cucullomyia Roback); male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; male ST5 with one or two rows of short and strong setae along posterior margin (only in subgenera  Airypel and  Cucullomyia ); cercal prong with apex rounded and narrow in dorsal view; cercal prong straight or almost straight; surstylus equal to or longer than cercus (only in subgenus  Sarconeiva ); surstylus with an apical patch of microsetulae (only in subgenus  Sarconeiva ); phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; basiphallus long and slender; basiphallus with a dorsal hump at junction with distiphallus (except in subgenus  Titanogrypa ); basiphallus laterally compressed (only in subgenera  Airypel and  Cucullomyia ); basiphallus with a dorsal longitudinal keel (only in subgenera  Airypel and  Cucullomyia ); vesica bulbous; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed (except in subgenus  Cucullomyia ); acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli developed, with a sperm opening (except in subgenera  Sarconeiva and  Titanogrypa ); capitis wide and denticulated; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; median stylus short (greatly elongated in subgenus  Cucullomyia ); juxta Y-shaped in frontal view (only in subgenus  Airypel ); juxta partially fused to acrophallic structures (except in subgenus  Cucullomyia ); juxta straight. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8BFFC3048B3FF850E7FF40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8BFFC307133C745126FCA4.text	814387FFFF8BFFC307133C745126FCA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tricharaea	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Tricharaea</p>
            <p>Male with at least one proclinate fronto-orbital seta; postgena angled in lateral view*; anepimeral area with sparse, weak setulae*; two katepisternal setae; metasternum setulose; postalar wall bare; male ST5 with posterior margin straight or with a shallow concavity; male ST5 with a central patch of setae; epandrium brownish (not reddish); phallus with basi- and distiphallus connected by a desclerotized strip; vesical arm-shaped lever elongated; vesical arm-shaped lever with a hammer-shaped apex; distal section of the vesica globose, with small denticles; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; juxta smooth laterally and wrinkled medially*; juxta funnel-shaped*; spermathecae spherical; female with an epiproct; puparial spiracles not in a recession.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8BFFC307133C745126FCA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8BFFC307133E1A50F6FA19.text	814387FFFF8BFFC307133E1A50F6FA19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tripanurga	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Tripanurga</p>
            <p>Postalar wall bare; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae reaching crossvein r-m; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal T5 with ventral margin pointed*; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; epandrium higher than wide in lateral view*; postgonal seta slightly compressed*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; basiphallus proximally with a dorsal epiphallus-like process*; vesica three-lobed composed of a proximal section not divided and two vesical lateral arms; vesical lateral arms with an inner denticulated process*; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta slightly recessed within the phallic tube; juxta squared with a shallow notch medially.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8BFFC307133E1A50F6FA19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8BFFC20713389A5503FEEC.text	814387FFFF8BFFC20713389A5503FEEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tulaeopoda Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Tulaeopoda</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind posterior surface of the trochanter with a postero-median pad of short setae*; male hind femur curved; male abdominal ST3 with two patches of dense erect black setae*; male abdominal ST4 with two patches of dense erect black setae; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; male ST5 with a small pad of strong, short setae medially on inner margin of cleft; cercal prong gradually swollen, with a knob-like apex; cercal prong with dorso-lateral keels; cercal prong with a lateral tuft of long setae; paraphallic tube as long as wide; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli with stylar lateral plates; juxta globose, spiny and denticulated.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8BFFC20713389A5503FEEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8AFFC204B93CC855F9FB76.text	814387FFFF8AFFC204B93CC855F9FB76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Udamopyga Hall 1938	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Udamopyga</p>
            <p>Male with rows of frontal setae divergent anteriorly; postalar wall setulose; wing vein R 1 bare dorsally; wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulae not reaching crossvein r-m; male mid-femur without a ctenidium; male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal ST5 with a widely V-shaped cleft; posterior margin of the male abdominal ST5 with a slight undulation halfway between the angle and the tip of the V, and a rounded distal expansion*; cercal prongs fused at least halfway to tip*; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; basiphallus with a dorsal longitudinal keel; vesica composed of two petal-like lateral plates, each with a vesical denticulated lobe*; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli tube-shaped and with an outlet; capitis flat and simple; median stylus tube-shaped and with an outlet; juxta slightly recessed within the phallic tube; juxta squared, with a shallow notch medially.</p>
            <p> Subgenus  Carinoclypeus : facial carina parallel in full length to frontogenal suture*; cercal prong without a proximal tuft of long black setae. </p>
            <p> Subgenus  Udamopyga (s.s.): facial ridge with dense setosity on lower 0.50; cercal prong with a proximal tuft of long black setae. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8AFFC204B93CC855F9FB76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF8AFFC204B938435560F8F6.text	814387FFFF8AFFC204B938435560F8F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Villegasia Dodge 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Villegasia</p>
            <p>Postalar wall setulose; third costal sector of wing bare ventrally; male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section); male hind tibia without an apical postero-ventral seta; male abdominal T5 blackish*; male abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides; male abdominal ST5 blackish; cercal prong straight or almost straight; phallus with a distinct hinge between basi- and distiphallus; distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed; basiphallus dorso-ventrally compressed*; basiphallus long and slender; vesica absent; acrophallus formed of a capitis, lateral styli and a median stylus; lateral styli collapsed and with no outlet; lateral styli very small and plate-like; capitis flat and simple; median stylus with a distinct opening; median stylus straight; juxta partially fused to acrophallic structures; juxta straight in lateral view; distal margin of juxta with spine-like processes.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF8AFFC204B938435560F8F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF86FFCD04B93E1B50A2FBAD.text	814387FFFF86FFCD04B93E1B50A2FBAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tricharaea grade	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Tricharaea grade</p>
            <p> This grade is composed of  Bahamiola ,  Sarcofahrtiopsis (including  Pacatuba ) and  Tricharaea , which correspond to the three first splits of the ‘lower’  Sarcophaginae (Fig. 2A). The monophyletic genus  Tricharaea is positioned near the base of the subfamily, as sister to the remaining  Sarcophaginae . The phylogenetic closeness between genera of the  Tricharaea grade was inferred in a cladistic study by Lopes (1990), who included them in the tribe  Sarothromyiini together with  Nephochaetopteryx and  Rettenmeyerina . Reduction in the number of setae on the meron was suggested as a synapomorphy for members of the tribe  Sarothromyiini (Lopes, 1990) , whose phylogenetic arrangement showed a monophyletic  Tricharaea [in the wide sense of Pape (1996)] as sister taxon of the clade (((  Pacatuba +  Sarcofahrtiopsis ) +  Bahamiola ) + (Nephochetopteryx +  Rettenmeyerina )). This is the only published topology for all genera of the  Tricharaea grade before the current study, and it is partially supported by our results in that we also found  Tricharaea to be monophyletic, as well as a clade consisting of  Sarcofahrtiopsis species (including  Pacatuba ). However, in the broader context of the present analysis, many of the similarities shared by these genera appear to be symplesiomorphic. A basal position of the genus  Tricharaea was first inferred by Roback (1954) and Lopes (1983) in their non-cladistic studies. The first author implied this position based on male terminalia characters, while the second one used characters from the cephaloskeleton of the first-instar larvae. This assumption was later corroborated by Pape (1994) and Giroux et al. (2010), who also found  Tricharaea to be the sister taxon of the remaining sarcophagine flies included in their morphology-based phylogenetic analyses. In Kutty et al. ’s (2010) tree,  Sarcofahrtiopsis cuneata (Townsend, 1935) was found as sister species of  Tricharaea occidua (Fabricius, 1794) , and these emerged together in the lower part of the  Sarcophaginae , although not at the base and with no branch support. In their molecular studies, Kutty et al. (2010) recovered a polyphyletic genus  Tricharaea , and Stamper et al. (2012) had their single included species of  Tricharaea as the sister taxon of (  Tripanurga +  Boettcheria ), and not as part of the ‘lower’ sarcophagines. Recently, the molecular study by Piwczyński et al. (2014) showed a clade consisting of  S. cuneata and a monophyletic  Tricharaea placed at the base of the  Sarcophaginae , but with no branch support. A sister-group relationship between  Sarcofahrtiopsis and  Tricharaea is not supported here and its recovery in other studies can be interpreted as being due to incomplete sampling or to a different homology assessment. We found support for a basal position of  Tricharaea and the lineages of  Bahamiola and  Sarcofahrtiopsis (including  Pacatuba ) (clades 4–9 in Fig. 2A) splitting off next from the remaining  Sarcophaginae . With part of the molecular evidence from previous studies, and with the morphological data from both adults and larvae found here and in previous studies being in favour of a basal position of  Tricharaea , we consider this as the better-supported placement for this genus. </p>
            <p> It is noteworthy that the four genera of theTricharaea grade share a fair number of features not found outside this group, yet they emerge as paraphyletic in our analysis. The following shared character states would appear particularly relevant in this context: proclinate fronto-orbital setae in males (‘pc’ in Fig. 41), notopleuron without subprimary setae (‘nt’ in Fig. 41B–D), two katepisternal setae, postalar wall bare, wing vein R 4 + 5 with dorsal setulosity reaching crossvein r-m, ST5 with posterior margin straight or with a shallow concavity (Fig. 42A, B), ST5 with a central patch of setae (Fig. 42A), vesica divided into a proximal and a distal section (Fig. 25A–D), vesical arm-shaped lever elongated to very elongated ventrally (Fig. 25A–D), vesical arm-shaped lever with a hammer-shaped or bilobed to oval apex (Figs 19H, 27A, 28H, J) and distal section of the vesica globose, with small denticles (Figs 19E, 28G, H, 39H). The last five character states are found only in species of the  Tricharaea grade . The genera  Bahamiola and  Sarcofahrtiopsis (including  Pacatuba ) do not form a monophyletic group, but they share a vesical arm-shaped lever very elongated ventrally (Figs 15H, 19E, 28H) and a hood-shaped juxta with a denticulated lateral margin that is enlarged ventrally to form a capsule-like structure (Figs 15G, 19E–G, 28H, J, 30A, B). Additional characters and a larger sample of outgroup taxa will be a proper test of this topology, and therefore of the polarity of the character transformation series involved in the evolution of the ‘lower’ sarcophagines. </p>
            <p> The monophyly of  Tricharaea was previously supported by molecular data (Piwczyński et al., 2014), but here it is also supported by four autapomorphies: epandrium brownish (not reddish), vesical arm-shaped lever elongated (Figs 25A, 27A), juxta smooth laterally and wrinkled medially (Figs 27A, 39H), juxta funnelshaped (Fig. 39H). Within the  Sarcophaginae , two plesiomorphic character states are shared by the three taxa of  Tricharaea and  Paramacronychiinae : postgena angled in lateral view (Fig. 41D, E), and sparse, weak anepimeral setulae (‘as’ in Fig. 41D). In the handmade cladogram of the tribe  Sarothromyiini, Lopes (1990) argued for the monophyly of  Tricharaea based on its species sharing spherical spermathecae. Later, Pape (1996) used this character state plus five features of male terminalia structures, three of female terminalia and one of the puparium, to diagnose the genus  Tricharaea . Pape’s (1996) male character states were: (1) male with at least one strong proclinate orbital seta, (2) postalar wall bare, (3) metasternum setulose, (4) male ST5 with a central patch of setae, (5) terminalia brownish (not red), (6) spermathecae spherical, (7) female with an epiproct and (8) puparial spiracles not in a recession. Except for female and larval character states 6–8, all others were included here, and only character states 1 and 5 (slightly modified) were found to be autapomorphic for this genus. However, all of Pape’s (1996) character states and the two plesiomorphic and one autapomorphy found in the present study are used to diagnose this genus. </p>
            <p> With a single species, the genus  Sarcofahrtiopsis was described by Hall (1933) based on ST5 not having a cleft. Dodge (1965b) added more character states to the diagnosis of this genus, such as the hind coxa bare posteriorly, wing vein R 1 setulose and proclinate orbital setae present in males. Later, Lopes (1990) suggested the setulose wing vein R 1 and the long and bristly pregonite as synapomorphies; however, the first character state is also shared with genera such as  Helicobia ,  Malacophagomyia (including  Dodgeisca ),  Nephochaetopteryx ,  Panava ,  Promayoa ,  Rafaelia , among others, and the second character state does not diagnose  Sarcofahrtiopsis , as it is not present in all species of the genus. Pape’s (1996) diagnosis included the mentioned character states plus the following: notopleuron with subprimary setae, postalar wall bare, metasternum bare, third costal sector of wing bare ventrally, male ST5 with a central patch of setae, terminalia usually black, spermathecae elliptical and female without an epiproct. Finally, Mello-Patiu &amp; Pape (2000) discussed all these features and suggested a list of 16 character states as a generic diagnosis of  Sarcofahrtiopsis , highlighting the reduced metasternal setosity and the slender and elongated parameral (=postgonal) apodeme as autapomorphies. From these, the slender parameral apodeme should probably be removed as an autapomorphy, since this structure is not elongated in  Sarcofahrtiopsis thyropteronthos Pape, Dechmann &amp; Vonhof, 2002 (Pape, Dechmann &amp; Vonhof, 2002). Here, the 13 male character states of Mello-Patiu &amp; Pape (2000) were analysed and only the reduction in the setosity of the metasternal area came out as autapomorphic for  Sarcofahrtiopsis . </p>
            <p> Neither the monospecific genus  Pacatuba nor the polyspecific genus  Bahamiola of the classification of Pape (1996), here represented by a single species only, were found to possess any autapomorphies. However,  Pacatuba and  Sarcofahrtiopsis share one autapomorphy, vesical arm-shaped lever very elongated (twice its full length). The clade of  Sarcofahrtiopsis (including  Pacatuba ) received aBS and weak JK support; however,  Pacatuba shares 10 out of the 13 male character states listed by Mello-Patiu &amp; Pape (2000) to define  Sarcofahrtiopsis . Therefore, we suggest  Pacatuba as a new synonym of  Sarcofahrtiopsis . Consequently, we present a new generic diagnosis for  Sarcofahrtiopsis , which is divided into the two subgenera  Pacatuba ,  new status , and  Sarcofahrtiopsis (s.s.), for which we also include subgeneric diagnoses. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF86FFCD04B93E1B50A2FBAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF85FFCA07133909557FFC9B.text	814387FFFF85FFCA07133909557FFC9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oxysarcodexia Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Oxysarcodexia clade </p>
            <p> Nephochaetopteryx ,  Oxysarcodexia and  Ravinia are included in the  Oxysarcodexia clade. These genera showed only one topology with  Nephochaetopteryx as the sister taxon of (  Oxysarcodexia +  Ravinia ), which received aBS and is supported by moderate JK values (Fig. 2A). This clade is supported by three homoplasies and the following autapomorphy: juxta smooth proximally and wrinkled distally (Figs 10C, D, 14G, H, 18A, D, G, 29H). </p>
            <p> Species of  Nephochaetopteryx are here included for the first time in a phylogenetic study. The phylogenetic affinity between this genus and  Tricharaea , and also the position of these two genera within the ‘lower’  Sarcophaginae , was suggested by Lopes (1983) on the basis of these genera sharing first-instar larval character states such as a vestigial labrum [= mandible in Lopes (1983)] and the dorsal bridge [= clypeal arch in Lopes (1983)] situated posterior to the parastomal bar [= paraclypeal phragma in Lopes (1983)]. Interestingly, in the same study, Lopes also considered the clade composed of  Oxysarcodexia and  Ravinia as sister group of  Nephochaetopteryx due to these genera also sharing the first-instar larval character states mentioned above. Later, in his phylogenetic study of the  Sarcophaginae males with proclinate orbital setae, Lopes (1990) placed  Nephochaetopteryx as sister to  Rettenmeyerina due to these two genera sharing the distiphallus articulated with the basiphallus. However, here we found that only  Rettenmeyerina possesses a fully developed hinge between basi- and distiphallus (Fig. 28D), while  Nephochaetopteryx generally has a desclerotized strip or a superficial hinge and only dorsally (Fig. 29H).  Nephochaetopteryx was placed together with  Bahamiola ,  Sarcofahrtiopsis ,  Rettenmeyerina and  Tricharaea in the tribe  Sarothromyiini by Lopes (1969a), due to all males of these genera having proclinate fronto-orbital setae. Males with proclinate fronto-orbital setae are largely confined to genera within the ‘lower’  Sarcophaginae , with few exceptions like in  Duckemyia , two species of  Lepidodexia , species of  Panava , one species of  Tripanurga and a few species of  Helicobia . The sister-group relationship between  Oxysarcodexia and  Ravinia was highlighted already by Roback (1954), who pointed out similarities in phallic structures such as the lack of a juxta (i.e. the lack of juxtal hinge) and the presence of the acrophallic levers [= dorsal rods in Roback (1954)]. This was later followed by Downes (1955), who added larval and female traits in support of this relationship. Using Buenaventura &amp; Pape’s (2015) broader definition of the juxta, all genera of  Sarcophaginae possess this structure. The hypothesis of a sister-group relationship between  Oxysarcodexia and  Ravinia was corroborated by Pape (1994) and Giroux et al. (2010) based on morphological data. One molecular-based phylogenetic analysis found strong support for this relationship (Stamper et al., 2012), while two others (Kutty et al., 2010; Piwczyński et al., 2014) did not, although the last two analyses showed low branch supports. In our analysis, the clade (  Oxysarcodexia +  Ravinia ) is supported by the homoplasious character state of a ctenidium of flattened spines (also found in  Mecynocorpus and most  Paramacronychiinae ). This clade is also supported by the first-instar larval character state of festoon-like oral ridges (Downes, 1955; Lopes, 1983; Leite &amp; Lopes, 1987; Lopes &amp; Leite, 1987; Pape, 1996). </p>
            <p> Forthefirsttime,themonophylyof  Nephochaetopteryx is tested in a modern phylogenetic context, and its monophyly received strong JK support and has three male external autapomorphies: apical part of wing membrane between veins R 2 + 3 and C fumose, mid-tibia without antero-dorsal setae and hind coxa with strong posterior setae. None of these character states were used in the original description of  Nephochaetopteryx by Townsend (1934), but later Dodge (1968a) provided a first diagnosis for this genus, where he included the following character states: mid-tibia with neither antero-dorsal nor antero-ventral setae, wing vein R 1 setulose and arista plumose on basal three-fifths. Later, Lopes (1990), in his handmade cladogram, included the second character state of Dodge (1968a) plus the reduction of the female eighth tergite in his ‘list of synapomorphies’ of  Nephochaetopteryx . Lastly, Pape (1996) provided a diagnosis including 14 character states, 13 of which were analysed here, and three of which were found to be autapomorphies for this genus. These three character states, in combination with some of Pape’s (1996) other character states, are used here to diagnose  Nephochaetopteryx . </p>
            <p> The monophyly of  Oxysarcodexia was already inferred in non-cladistic studies (Lopes, 1943, 1983; Roback, 1954), and later confirmed by phylogenetic analyses using both morphological (Giroux et al., 2010) and molecular (Stamper et al., 2012; Piwczyński et al., 2014) characters. In our analysis,  Oxysarcodexia is supported by two autapomorphies: (1) paraphallus antero-proximally with a paraphallic triangular expansion proximal to the vesica (‘pte’ in Fig. 18H) and (2) juxta with a proximal convex membranous expansion (‘jce’ in Fig. 18H). The first character state was recognized as diagnostic for this genus in previous studies (Lopes, 1946; Dodge, 1966; Giroux et al., 2010). The second character state was first described by Lopes (1946) in his detailed revision of  Oxysarcodexia , where the species descriptions used mostly male terminalia characters, such as the vesica, since this structure has a remarkable morphological diversity in this genus. In a subsequent work, Lopes (1975b) erected the subtribe  Oxysarcodexiina , which he defined with a reduced list of diagnostic character states when compared to his earlier work. A selection of eight of Lopes’s (1946, 1975b) character states was listed in a more recent diagnosis for this genus (Pape, 1996), which, however, did not include the character states found as autapomorphic here. Subsequent authors used these two character states in descriptions of new species (Soares &amp; Mello-Patiu, 2010) and in morphological comparative studies (Silva &amp; Mello-Patiu, 2008). Besides the two autapomorphies and some homoplasies found in our analysis,  Oxysarcodexia is here diagnosed with three additional external male character states and two first-instar larval character states as suggested by previous studies. </p>
            <p> The monophyly of  Ravinia was suggested by Roback (1954) and Lopes (1983), and recently both morphology-based (Giroux et al., 2010) and molecular-based (Stamper et al., 2012; Piwczyński et al., 2014) phylogenetic studies have corroborated this hypothesis. Here, five autapomorphies supported the monophyly of  Ravinia : juxta hood-shaped, partially wrinkled and slightly swollen (Figs 10C, D, 14G, H), hillae distally blunt (Fig. 10C) or pointed (Fig. 14E), vesica narrow and flake-shaped (Figs 10C, D, 14G), vesical arm-shaped lever straight proximally (Fig. 35D) and distal section of the vesica flattened or reduced (Fig. 10D). Giroux et al. (2010) found the presence of hillae as the only autapomorphy for this genus, but in our definition this structure is also found in an additional 15 genera. However, the hillae in  Ravinia are highly specialized in comparison to those found in other genera. Specifically, hillae with a membranous bladder (Figs 10C, D, 14G, H) and a groove (Fig. 10B), as described by Giroux et al. (2010), are only found in some species of this genus. The importance of the hillae in the definition of  Ravinia was already mentioned by Roback (1954), who also inferred the origin of the acrophallic levers [= acrophallic bars in Roback (1954)] in other taxa [acrophallic levers originated in the ancestor of all  Sarcophaginae (clade 4 in Fig. 2A) according to our analysis] before the emergence of the  Ravinia lineage. Five autapomorphies supporting the monophyly of  Ravinia are used to diagnose this genus in combination with other male structures and two larval character states. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF85FFCA07133909557FFC9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF82FFC904B93E195697FCE5.text	814387FFFF82FFC904B93E195697FCE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dexosarcophaga grade Lopes 1953	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Dexosarcophaga grade</p>
            <p> This grade is composed of the genera  Dexosarcophaga (including  Cistudinomyia ),  Oxyvinia and  Rettenmeyerina (clade 21 and  Rettenmeyerina in Fig. 2A). These four genera share two character states: vesical arm-shaped lever gently angled (green in Fig. 26B), and distal section of the vesica bifid and not particularly ornamented (yellow structure in Figs 25H, 26). The clade (  Oxyvinia +  Dexosarcophaga [including  Cistudinomyia ]) (Fig. 2A) received a weak JK value. This clade is supported by the homoplasious character state ‘ctenidium of rounded spines present’ and two autapomorphies: occipital setulae above occipital foramen black, and hillae long and spoon-shaped, with a squared apex. The genera  Oxyvinia and  Dexosarcophaga (including  Cistudinomyia ), as well as the clade combining the two, all received weak branch support. </p>
            <p> Roback (1954) considered  Cistudinomyia as part of the subtribe  Raviniina, Dodge (1968b) considered  Dexosarcophaga as closely related to  Oxysarcodexia , while Lopes (1969a, 1975b, 1983) did not include  Cistudinomyia in his tribal array of the  Sarcophaginae , but he placed  Dexosarcophaga in the tribe  Cuculomyiina ,  Oxyvinia in  Raviniini and  Rettenmeyerina in  Sarothromyiini . Giroux et al. (2010) included  Cistudinomyia ,  Dexosarcophaga and  Oxyvinia in their taxon sample and found a weakly supported clade ((  Dexosarcophaga +  Oxyvinia ) + (  Cistudinomyia + other  Sarcophaginae )) using morphological characters. The molecular studies of Kutty et al. (2010) and Piwczyński et al. (2014) included  Dexosarcophaga and recovered the topologies (  Dexosarcophaga + (  Argoravinia +  Blaesoxipha )) and (  Dexosarcophaga +  Argoravinia ), respectively, both with low branch support. </p>
            <p> Lopes (1969a) placed  Rettenmeyerina together with  Bahamiola ,  Sarcofahrtiopsis and  Tricharaea in the tribe  Sarothromyiini on the basis of these genera sharing proclinate fronto-orbital setae in the male. Here,  Rettenmeyerina is diagnosed only by homoplasies, as we found no autapomorphies for this genus. The presence of a desclerotized area between the paraphallus and the juxta in  Rettenmeyerina is relevant for defining this genus.  Rettenmeyerina emerges as sister taxon to the remaining ‘higher’  Sarcophaginae , which has (  Oxyvinia +  Dexosarcophaga [including  Cistudinomyia ]) as sister clade of the remaining  Sarcophaginae species (Fig. 2A). The presence of proclinate fronto-orbital setae in the male is a plesiomorphic feature in the  Tricharaea grade , which means that the absence of male proclinate fronto-orbital setae in the ancestor of the ‘higher’ sarcophagines (excl. of  Rettenmeyerina ) has to be considered an apomorphic reversal. Male proclinate fronto-orbital setae, i.e. male and female with the same frontal chaetotaxy, are of very sporadic occurrence in the Calyptratae, and there is to our knowledge no other instance where the presence of male proclinate orbital setae has been hypothesized as a reversal. </p>
            <p> Oxyvinia was monophyletic in our analysis, but its JK supports were low (Fig. 2A). One autapomorphy supports this genus: paraphallus bent ventrally in its proximal third (Fig. 19B). Different placements of  Oxyvinia by different authors are due to the use of different character systems. For example, Lopes (1983) considered  Oxyvinia as closely related to  Ravinia and  Oxysarcodexia because these three genera share the festoon-like larval oral ridges (Leite &amp; Lopes, 1987), while Giroux et al. (2010) found a sister-group relationship between  Dexosarcophaga and  Oxyvinia supported by adult character states. Our diagnosis of  Oxyvinia is in agreement with the one proposed by Pape (1996) for this genus, except that we define the juxta differently and therefore consider it as present. </p>
            <p> The clade composed of  Dexosarcophaga (including  Cistudinomyia ) showed weak branch support in our analysis (Fig. 2A). The branch support value for  Dexosarcophaga (s.s.), i.e. excluding  Cistudinomyia , was stronger than those supporting its sister-group relationship with the monospecific  Cistudinomyia . One autapomorphy supported the clade of  Dexosarcophaga (including  Cistudinomyia ): pregonite C-shaped (see figs in Mello-Patiu &amp; Pape, 2000). Different interpretations of the connection between basiphallus and distiphallus of  Cistudinomyia have led to different phylogenetic positions of this genus in available studies, as highlighted by Giroux et al. (2010). Roback (1954) included  Cistudinomyia ,  Ravinia and  Oxysarcodexia in the subtribe  Raviniina based on these genera having no clear demarcation between basiphallus and distiphallus, as well as sharing other similarities in the shape of ST5. Pape (1994) recovered (  Tricharaea (  Cistudinomyia + remaining  Sarcophaginae )) and considered  Cistudinomyia as having a distinct desclerotized strip between basi- and distiphallus. Here, we scored  Cistudinomyia as bearing a hinge between basi- and distiphallus (Fig. 11D), a condition shared with its sister group,  Dexosarcophaga (s.s.). Except for one character state,  Cistudinomyia possesses all features cited in the latest diagnosis of  Dexosarcophaga , provided by Mello-Patiu &amp; Pape (2000). The exception corresponds to the colour of the terminalia, red in  Cistudinomyia and blackish in  Dexosarcophaga (s.s.). Based on the autapomorphies of the clade of  Dexosarcophaga (including  Cistudinomyia ), we suggest  Cistudinomyia as a new synonym of  Dexosarcophaga . We have chosen to maintain  Cistudinomyia as a subgenus, and our new diagnosis for  Dexosarcophaga accordingly also includes  Cistudinomyia as a subgenus, new status. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF82FFC904B93E195697FCE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF81FFC9048B3EDC564BF902.text	814387FFFF81FFC9048B3EDC564BF902.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarothromyiops Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Genus  Sarothromyiops</p>
            <p> The single known species of this genus is only found in the Galápagos Islands. The most noteworthy autapomorphic features of this genus are: basiphallus laterally compressed and with a longitudinal dorsal keel (arrow in Fig. 21A), the presence of rounded expansions at the base of the cerci (Fig. 42D, E) and cerci bare dorso-laterally (Fig. 42E). The last two character states were listed by Pape (1996) as part of the diagnosis of this genus. Lopes’s (1969a) tribal classification places this species in the  Microcerellini together with genera such as  Microcerella and  Chrysagria , but we did not find support for this relationship. Instead, the sister-group relationship of  Sarothromyiops dasycnemis (Thomson, 1869) to clade 27 received moderate JK support (clade 26 in Fig. 2A). Clade 26 is supported by a cleft posterior margin of the male abdominal ST5 without any special set of setae (Fig. 42C), reduction of the divisions of the vesica, vesica broad and flat (Fig. 21A, C), vesica with no special mechanism of attachment to the hypophallus, reduction of the acrophallic levers, hillae directed latero-ventrally (Fig. 21B), hillae filiform and the hillae touching the inner paraphallic wall only through the medial part. Thus, our analysis does not support synonymizing  Sarothromyiops under any other genus, and therefore it remains a valid genus. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF81FFC9048B3EDC564BF902	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF81FFDC048B3BB054BEF8EA.text	814387FFFF81FFDC048B3BB054BEF8EA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Argoravinia Townsend 1917	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Argoravinia clade </p>
            <p> This clade is composed of four genera arranged in the topology (  Malacophagula +  Rafaelia ) + (  Argoravinia +  Malacophagomyia [including  Dodgeisca ]). Most of these nodes received aBS and moderate to strong JK supports in our analysis (Fig. 2A). The  Argoravinia clade is supported by five autapomorphies: (1) posterior margin of ST5 very widely V-shaped with an obtuse inner angle (Fig. 42G), (2) paraphallus dorso-distally rounded (Figs 14C, 15D, 17A, F), (3) vesica broad and flat (Figs 15F, 17A, B, D), (4) hillae directed latero-ventrally (Figs 15A, 16C, 17A) and (5) hillae not touching the inner paraphallic wall (Fig. 15E). </p>
            <p> The clade (  Malacophagula +  Rafaelia ) is supported by four homoplasies: parafacial plate with strong setae (Fig. 42F), male hind tibia with apical postero-ventral setae well differentiated, a median stylus moderately elongated and a demarcated juxta with a hinge or a desclerotized strip between the juxta and the remaining distiphallus (Figs 14B, 17G). Species of the genera  Malacophagula and  Rafaelia have never been studied with modern phylogenetic methods, but the tribal classification based on first-instar larval character states proposed by Lopes (1983) included these genera together with species of  Lepidodexia and  Titanogrypa in the tribe  Johnsoniini . Mello-Patiu &amp; Azevedo (1998) also highlighted similarities observed by Lopes (1983) in the median and lateral styli of genera  Malacophagula and  Rafaelia and differences in head morphology for which we found support here. The vesica in these genera requires deeper study, as it could carry informative characters for defining the two genera and reconstructing their species-level phylogenetic relationships. </p>
            <p> The monophyly of  Malacophagula is strongly supported by five autapomorphies: head rounded in profile (Fig. 42F), first flagellomere shortened (Fig. 42F), lunule widened, postgena swollen (Fig. 42F) and lower calypter rounded (Fig. 43A). </p>
            <p> One autapomorphy and three homoplasies supported the monophyly of  Rafaelia , which received moderate branch support (Fig. 2B). The only autapomorphy for this genus was hypophallus weakly sclerotized, with only the very apex of the vesica sclerotized. Species of  Rafaelia have a hypophallus that is mostly membranous, globose and well developed, while the paraphallus consists of a thin, sclerotized dorsal plate (Figs 20F, 40C, D), which is a rare condition in  Sarcophaginae . </p>
            <p> Roback (1954) considered  Argoravinia as part of the Johnsonia Coquillett group, which included species of  Lepidodexia ,  Emblemasoma and  Helicobia , although he explicitly affirmed this as a tentative placement since he did not find any resemblance of the phallic structures of this genus to those of any other  Sarcophaginae . In his classification based on first-instar larval character states, Lopes (1983) included  Argoravinia in the  Sarcodexiina group together with species of  Peckia ,  Helicobia and  Lipoptilocnema . Molecular studies including only few Neotropical genera have marginally touched upon the phylogenetic position of  Argoravinia with regard to other  Sarcophaginae (Kutty et al., 2010; Piwczyński et al., 2014). These studies showed conflicting relationships for this genus, either as sister to  Blaesoxipha setosa (Salem, 1938) with moderate to strong support (Kutty et al., 2010), or to  Dexosarcophaga transita Townsend, 1917 with no branch support (Piwczyński et al., 2014). In our analysis, which includes a larger taxon sample than previous phylogenetic studies on  Sarcophaginae ,  Argoravinia emerges as sister to  Malacophagomyia (including  Dodgeisca ) due to these taxa sharing three autapomorphies: (1) head profile with squared anterior and posterior genal corners, (2) paraphallic lateral expansions (Figs 15A–C, 16C, 17A) and (3) median stylus greatly elongated (Figs 15B, E, 16D, 17A, B, D). </p>
            <p> The delimitation and monophyly of  Argoravinia was revised by Pape (1990) but is here explicitly tested for the first time, and it received aBS and strong JK support. This genus is supported by six autapomorphies: (1) stem of wing vein R 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 with ventral setulae elongated, (2) pregonite proximally narrow and distally wide, (3) hillae convoluted (Fig. 15B–F), (4) capitis as a smooth, rounded lobe, proximally swollen, (5) median stylus S-shaped (Fig. 15B, E) and (6) juxta very small to vestigial (Fig. 15E). Some of these character states were previously included in the generic diagnoses for  Argoravinia (Lopes, 1976a; Pape, 1990, 1996; Carvalho-Filho &amp; Esposito, 2012). For example, Lopes (1976a) mentioned the long styli with a conspicuous free base, and a ‘median process of glans’ with a long slender ‘apophysis’, which partially correspond to our character states of the hillae and capitis, respectively. Similarly, in the diagnosis of  Argoravinia, Pape (1990 , 1996) included stem of wing vein R 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 with ventral setulae elongated, and the median stylus S-shaped, both found here as autapomorphic for this genus. More recently, Carvalho-Filho &amp; Esposito (2012) diagnosed this genus based on nine character states, but only the vestigial juxta emerged as autapomorphic, and all others as homoplastic in the present analysis. Due to their utility for sorting  Argoravinia species from other genera, most of the character states proposed by the above-mentioned authors are included in our diagnosis. Finally, the monophyly of the subgenera proposed by Carvalho-Filho &amp; Esposito (2012) is partially supported by our phylogeny, as we recovered a monophyletic  Argoravinia (s.s.), but as only a single species of  Raviniopsis was included, its possible monophyly remains untested (Fig. 2A). The subgeneric classification of the genus  Argoravinia proposed by Carvalho-Filho &amp; Esposito (2012) was supported by the following character states: (1) setulae colour on the gena as black for  Argoravinia (s.s.) and white for  Raviniopsis , but here scored as gena and postgena having at least some setulae white for all  Argoravinia species ; (2) number of fronto-orbital setulae, which was not included here; (3) bending of the cerci and presence/absence of a cluster of spines apically, which we considered as two separate characters and scored cerci as straight or almost straight for all  Argoravinia species since the ‘bent’ condition is only observed in taxa of the  Blaesoxipha clade, and the cercal spines as ‘a cluster’ were not included here; (4) male epandrium with a lateral apophysis for  Argoravinia (s.s.) or without for  Raviniopsis , which was included and supported the monophyly of  Argoravinia (s.s.) in our phylogenetic analysis; (5) vesica bifid for  Argoravinia (s.s.) or composed of two separated lobes for  Raviniopsis , which is here scored as bifid for all  Argoravinia species , since species that appear to have two separated vesical lobes, might actually have the lobes fused at the base; (6) shape of the female T6, which was not included here; and (7) female with one seta on the epiproct in  Argoravinia (s.s.) or two seate in  Raviniopsis , which was not included here. Thus, our results support the subgeneric classification by Carvalho-Filho &amp; Esposito (2012), since the presence of an epandrial lateral apophysis in species of  Argoravinia (s.s.) was found as autapomorphic for this subgenus. </p>
            <p> Species of  Malacophagomyia are here included for the first time in a phylogenetic study. Lopes (1969a, 1983) implied a phylogenetic affinity of this genus to genera such as  Titanogrypa ,  Panava ,  Dexosarcophaga and  Udamopyga , but this is not supported by our results. The three studies providing a diagnosis for this genus (Lopes, 1966; Pape, 1996; Mulieri &amp; Mello-Patiu, 2013) highlighted the remarkably elongated median stylus and the conspicuous juxta, which are characteristic for all species of  Malacophagomyia . In at least two (i.e. Pape, 1996; Mulieri &amp; Mello-Patiu, 2013) of these studies, the authors agree on the following consensus list of diagnostic character states: (1) postalar wall setulose, (2) male mid-femur without a ctenidium, (3) wing vein R 1 setulose dorsally, (4) third costal sector of wing setulose ventrally, (5) pregonite with membranous area along the ventral margin and near the bent apical part, (6) acrophallus with median stylus greatly elongated and curved (Fig. 17A, B, D) and (7) juxta arching over the lateral styli (Fig. 17A, B, D). Interestingly, the most remarkable character states (6 and 7) are shared with the species  Dodgeisca paramerata Rohdendorf, 1971 (Fig. 16C, D), the only known species of  Dodgeisca , which also shares with  Malacophagomyia character states 1, 3, 4 of this consensus list. In addition, according to the most recent revision of  Malacophagomyia (Mulieri &amp; Mello-Patiu, 2013) , not all species of this genus possess character state 5, which leaves only character state 2 (male mid-femur without a ctenidium) as a difference between  Dodgeisca and  Malacophagomyia . Besides that, in their revision of the latter genus, Mulieri &amp; Mello-Patiu (2013) highlighted the cerci fused along their entire length and the spine-like setae on ST4 as possible autapomorphies of  Malacophagomyia . Both of these character states are also present in  D. paramerata . Mulieri &amp; Mello-Patiu (2013) also included the absence of a vesica, the presence of harpes and arms of the lateral styli as part of their diagnosis of  Malacophagomyia . According to our observations, both  Malacophagomyia and  Dodgeisca possess a broad and flat vesica (Figs 16C, D, 17A, B, D), which, however, is not as prominent as in other sarcophagines. Also, the ‘arms of the lateral styli’ described by Mulieri &amp; Mello-Patiu (2013) are consistent with our definition of hillae, while the structures considered as harpes by these authors do not follow our definition for that structure. Consequently, the ‘arms of the lateral styli’ (Mulieri &amp; Mello-Patiu, 2013) are homologized with the hillae (Figs 16C–E, 17A, B), and their ‘harpes’ with the paraphallic lateral expansions (Figs 16C, 17A). In addition to the synapomorphies mentioned above, we found  Malacophagomyia and  Dodgeisca to share the presence of two pointed processes on the juxtal apex (Figs 16D, 17B), and distal part of hillae membranous. Based on all the above, we suggest  Dodgeisca as a new junior synonym of  Malacophagomyia , and we maintain it and give it a new status as a subgenus of the latter genus. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF81FFDC048B3BB054BEF8EA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFF94FFDA07013E3F5480F833.text	814387FFFF94FFDA07013E3F5480F833.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blaesoxipha Loew. With 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Blaesoxipha clade </p>
            <p> This clade received strong support and it is composed of the genera  Blaesoxipha ,  Comasarcophaga ,  Emdenimyia ,  Fletcherimyia ,  Mecynocorpus ,  Panava ,  Promayoa ,  Sarcodexiopsis ,  Spirobolomyia ,  Thomazomyia ,  Titanogrypa and  Villegasia , which are arranged into the two clades: 40 and 50 (Fig. 2B). </p>
            <p> The genera of the  Blaesoxipha clade share four apomorphic character states: (1) male with abdominal ST5 cleft with subparallel sides (Fig. 43B, C), (2) distiphallus not surrounding the acrophallus, styli entirely exposed (except in  Comasarcophaga and  Spirobolomyia ) (Figs 12A, 23F, 28E, 29D, 30D, 34D, 36G), (3) juxta partially to entirely fused to acrophallic structures (Figs 12B, 22E, 30C, 35H, 39E) and (4) juxta straight (Figs 35H, 39E). Three additional autapomorphies that evolved in the ancestor of this clade, but which have subsequently become reduced or modified in some of these genera, are: distal margin of juxta with spine-like processes (Figs 30D, 34D–F), which evolved into distal margin smooth in clades 42 and 51 (Figs 11H, 28E, 35H, 39E); lateral styli collapsed with no outlet (Figs 23J, 28F, 29B, 30E, 34E, 36H, 39F), which is reversed in clades 43 and 51 where a sperm outlet is found (Figs 11H, 20D, 21I, 39B–D); and lateral styli plate-like, with digitate margins or finger-shaped processes (Figs 23F, 29E, 30C, 34E, 36G), which are reversed in clades 45, 48 and 51 where the lateral styli are tube-shaped (Figs 11H, 12B, 21I, 22E, 39C). </p>
            <p> Some branches within the  Blaesoxipha clade had low supports, and alternative topologies were retrieved differing in the position of the paraphyletic Table 1. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFF94FFDA07013E3F5480F833	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFFCFFB307013CA356AAFC63.text	814387FFFFFCFFB307013CA356AAFC63.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Engelimyia Lopes 1975	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Engelimyia clade </p>
            <p> The  Engelimyia clade (clade 64) is composed of the genera  Engelimyia and  Tulaeopoda , which are consistently recovered in a sister-group relationship. The genus  Tulaeopoda had not yet been included in a phylogenetic analysis. Lopes (1969a) included it in the tribe  Sarcophagini and suggested it is most closely related to  Peckia (Lopes, 1941b, 1975d, 1983). In the last decade, species of  Engelimyia were included in molecular and morphological phylogenetic analyses, although without a conclusive result on the phylogenetic position of this genus. Pape &amp; Mello-Patiu (2006) did not propose any genus or group of genera as a candidate sister group of  Engelimyia , but they discussed and rejected any possible phylogenetic relationship of this genus to  Peckia . However, Giroux et al. (2010) found  Engelimyia as sister to (  Peckia + (  Sarcodexia lambens +  Titanogrypa )).  Engelimyia has been included in two molecular analyses, where it emerged either in a trichotomy with  Boettcheria and  Tricharaea (Kutty et al., 2010) , or as sister to  Boettcheria alone (Piwczyński et al., 2014). </p>
            <p> The  Engelimyia clade has strong branch support in our analysis.  Engelimyia and  Tulaeopoda share ten autapomorphies: (1) male hind femur curved, (2) male abdominal ST3 with one or two patches of dense, erect, black setae, (3) male abdominal ST4 with two patches of dense, erect, black setae, (4) male ST5 with a small pad of stubby setae medially on the inner margin of cleft, (5) cercal prong gradually swollen with a knob-like apex (Fig. 44H), (6) cercal prong with dorso-lateral keels, (7) cercal prong with a lateral tuft of long setae, (8) paraphallic tube as long as broad (Figs 22A, 27H), (9) stylar lateral plates present (Fig. 22A) and (10) juxta globose, spinose and denticulated (Figs 22A, B, 27H–J, 34A). Pape (1996) already listed character state 1 in his diagnosis of  Engelimyia , and he also used a similar interpretation of character state 7 as presented here but restricted it to the diagnosis of  Tulaeopoda . Character states 4–8, as presented here or slightly modified, are included in the diagnosis of  Engelimyia by Pape &amp; Mello-Patiu (2006). The present study confirms the presence of stylar lateral plates (character state 9) in both  Engelimyia and  Tulaeopoda . Also, the juxta of  Engelimyia (character state 10) is reinterpreted and homologized with a globose, spinose and denticulated structure, while in previous works (Pape &amp; Mello-Patiu, 2006; Giroux et al., 2010) the juxta was homologized with a sclerotized and smooth bifid structure (Fig. 22C), which is here considered a structure evolved de novo in  Engelimyia . </p>
            <p> Pape &amp; Mello-Patiu (2006) defined  Engelimyia and discussed its monophyly. Many of the diagnostic character states listed by these authors are reinterpreted here, but  Engelimyia still emerges as monophyletic in our phylogeny. In a previous phylogenetic study (Buenaventura &amp; Pape, 2015), we provided new interpretations of the uniquely shaped median stylus and capitis of  Engelimyia (Fig. 22A, B), as well as the description of acrophallic structures such as the stylar membranous lobes and stylar lateral plates (Fig. 22A). As outlined above, only the stylar membranous lobes are autapomorphic for  Engelimyia , as well as male abdominal ST3 with a single patch of dense, erect, black setae. </p>
            <p> Two autapomorphies support  Tulaeopoda : the posterior surface of the male hind trochanter with a postero-median pad of short setae (position as no. 6 in Fig. 45) and male abdominal ST3 with two patches of dense, erect, black setae. Contrary to what was suggested by Pape (1996), species of  Tulaeopoda possess well-developed, tubular lateral styli (Fig. 27I, J). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFFCFFB307013CA356AAFC63	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFFBFFB2048B39515542FE6A.text	814387FFFFFBFFB2048B39515542FE6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Udamopyga Hall 1938	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Udamopyga clade </p>
            <p> This clade is composed of the genera  Tripanurga and  Udamopyga (including  Carinoclypeus ) and is supported by two autapomorphies: (1) juxta slightly recessed within the phallic tube (Figs 27C, D, 34B) and (2) juxta squared with a shallow to deep notch medially (Figs 27E, 34C). A similar position of the juxta with regard to the phallic tube is only found in  Sinopiella , which has the juxta deeply recessed within the phallic tube (Fig. 21D–F). The reconstructed sister-group relationship between  Tripanurga and  Udamopyga (including  Carinoclypeus ) did not receive JK support, but the monophyly of each genus is strongly supported. </p>
            <p> Roback (1954) placed  Metoposarcophaga Townsend (=  Tripanurga ) and genera such as  Rafaelia and  Boettcheria in the subtribe  Boettcheriina . Lopes (1969a) placed  Carinoclypeus ,  Tripanurga and  Udamopyga in the tribe  Sarcophagini , but in a subsequent study (Lopes, 1983) he included  Tripanurga in  Sarcophagini , and  Udamopyga in  Cuculomyiini . None of these proposals had been consistently tested, as no study had included representative species of these genera. Stamper et al. (2012) found  Tripanurga importuna (Walker, 1849) to be sister to the genus  Boettcheria , which somehow supports Roback (1954) in placing  Tripanurga and  Boettcheria in the subtribe  Boettcheriina . The sister-group relationship between  Tripanurga and  Boettcheria received high branch support in Stamper et al. ’s (2012) phylogeny. Our taxon sample is much more extensive than that analysed by Stamper et al. (2012), as we included multiple species of  Boettcheria and  Tripanurga . However, the low support for  Tripanurga as sister to  Udamopyga (including  Carinoclypeus ) leaves this sister-group relationship as tentative. Future analyses are needed to test which of these alternative topologies is best corroborated. </p>
            <p> Pape (1990) proposed a broad concept of the genus  Tripanurga by including  Erucophaga Reinhard ,  Metoposarcophaga ,  Zygastropyga Townsend and other genera as synonyms. Pape (1990, 1996) diagnosed  Tripanurga with seven character states: (1) male cercus with prong bent backwards, (2) ejaculatory apodeme large, (3) parameral (= postgonal) seta slightly flattened, (4) phallus with an epiphallus-like process at base, (5) basiphallus elongated and narrow, (6) distiphallus compact and globular and (7) ventral margin of distiphallus with fringe of filiform processes. Character state 2 is not included here due to difficulties of coding other taxa; 1, 5–7 are reinterpreted, and 3 and 4 came out as autapomorphies. In our phylogenetic analysis  Tripanurga is monophyletic, supported by five autapomorphies: (1) male abdominal T5 with ventral margin pointed (arrows in Fig. 40E), (2) epandrium higher than wide in lateral view (‘epd’ in Fig. 40F), (3) postgonal seta slightly compressed (arrows in Fig. 27F, G), (4) basiphallus proximally with a dorsal epiphallus-like process (‘ep’ in Fig. 27B), (5) vesica with vesical lateral arms (‘vla’ in Fig. 27B–E), each with an inner denticulated process (‘vdp’ in Fig. 27E). </p>
            <p> The genus  Udamopyga (including  Carinoclypeus ) is supported by three autapomorphies: (1) posterior margin of the male abdominal ST5 with a slight undulation halfway between the angle and the tip of the V, and a rounded distal expansion (Fig. 40G), (2) cercal prongs fused at least halfway to tip and (3) vesica composed of two petal-like lateral plates, each with a vesical denticulated lobe (‘vdl’ in Figs 30H, 34B, C, 38A, B). This clade is also supported by two homoplasies: males with rows of frontal setae anteriorly divergent, and basiphallus with a dorsal longitudinal keel. Dodge (1965a) defined the monospecific genus  Carinoclypeus by the presence of a ‘carinate clypeus’. A slightly modified wording for this character state was used by Pape (1996), who diagnosed  Carinoclypeus by the presence of a ‘facial plate with distinct median carina in full length’, which here corresponds to the carina parallel in full length to frontogenal suture. Here, no other character states support this genus, which remains defined only by the autapomorphic presence of a median carina on the facial plate, which supports Dodge’s (1965a) and Pape’s (1996) diagnoses.  Udamopyga (s.s.) is recovered as monophyletic, but it is only supported by one autapomorphy: facial ridge with dense and short setosity on lower 0.50 (Fig. 46D). Based on the strong branch support of the genus  Udamopyga (including  Carinoclypeus ), and its numerous autapomorphies, we suggest  Carinoclypeus as a new junior synonym of  Udamopyga . Consequently, we provide a new diagnosis for  Udamopyga inclusive of  Carinoclypeus , which is maintained as a subgenus, new status. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFFBFFB2048B39515542FE6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFFAFFB104B93F485783FD5E.text	814387FFFFFAFFB104B93F485783FD5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Peckiamyia Dodge 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Peckiamyia clade </p>
            <p> This clade, which received aBS but no JK, is composed of the genera  Duckemyia ,  Peckiamyia ,  Retrocitomyia ,  Sinopiella and  Tapacura . The  Peckiamyia clade splits into clade 73 (genus  Sinopiella ) and clade 74. The latter clade has the genus  Tapacura as sister to (  Retrocitomyia + (  Duckemyia +  Peckiamyia )).  Duckemyia (monospecific),  Peckiamyia ,  Sinopiella and  Tapacura are recovered as monophyletic. The  Peckiamyia clade is supported by one autapomorphy: phallus shorter than or of almost equal length to pregonites. The presence of a three-lobed vesica composed of a proximal section (divided or not) and a pair of vesical lateral arms (Figs 10G, 16F, 21F, 35E, 36B) also supports this clade, although it is not an autapomorphy. Our results are in agreement with Tibana &amp; Lopes (1985), who highlighted similarities in the small size of the phallus of  Peckiamyia ,  Retrocitomyia ,  Sinopiella and  Tapacura . These authors also found similarities between  Sinopiella and the subgenus  Titanogrypa (Cucullomyia) , but we did not find support for this assertion. Our results are consistent with those of Piwczyński et al. (2014), where  Duckemyia and  Peckiamyia emerged as sister groups. </p>
            <p> Within the  Peckiamyia clade a sister-group relationship was found between the monophyletic  Sinopiella and the remaining genera, arranged in clade 74. The genus  Sinopiella is represented in our analysis by its two known species, and it emerges as monophyletic (clade 73 in Fig. 2B). While all other genera of the  Peckiamyia clade have hillae, the lateral styli in the genus  Sinopiella are simple and exhibit no modifications. The monophyly of this genus received strong branch support, and its eight autapomorphies are all in the male terminalia: (1) postgonite slightly swollen, (2) postgonite enlarged, (3) pregonite dorso-ventrally flattened and concave, (4) paraphallus humped postero-distally (Fig. 21D), (5) vesica three-lobed with a proximal section undivided and lobe-shaped (Fig. 21F), (6) vesical lateral arms elongated with rounded apex (Fig. 21F), (7) juxta deeply recessed within the phallic tube (Fig. 21D–F) and (8) juxta squared with ventral margin pointed (Figs 5G, 21F). In the description of this genus, Lopes &amp; Tibana (1982) suggested a close relationship with  Peckiamyia based on the short phallus, which is supported by our results. In the same publication, these authors also suggested a relationship between  Sinopiella and  Retrocitomyia due to both genera sharing enlarged pregonites. Although both these genera are closely related as members of the  Peckiamyia clade, this sister-group relationship is not recovered in our phylogeny, as the enlarged pregonites were observed only in  Retrocitomyia , while  Sinopiella has normal-sized pregonites and enlarged postgonites. Kutty et al. (2010) found strong support for a sister-group relationship between  Sinopiella rotunda (Lopes &amp; Ferraz, 1991) and  Lepidodexia (Notochaeta) sp., but here all species of  Lepidodexia form a single clade not closely related to  Sinopiella . Finally, the three character states (male mid-femur with ctenidium of rounded spines, wing with third costal sector bare ventrally and three conducting styli) listed by Pape (1996) are not diagnostic for this genus. </p>
            <p> Clade 74 received weak JK value and is supported by the following autapomorphic character states: (1) hillae directed distally (Figs 16F, G, 35C, E), (2) hillae paddle-like (Figs 16F, 35C–E), (3) only apex of hillae attached to the inner paraphallic wall (Figs 16F) and (4) juxta squared with anterior margin even (Figs 16H, 35F, 36E). The presence of proximal expansions of the lateral styli or hillae in clade 74 is homoplasious in our analysis and appears to have evolved in the ancestor of the  Tricharaea grade or earlier, becoming reduced in clade 38, and reappearing in clade 74. Generally, the hillae are visible (Fig. 16F–H) in lateral view in  Duckemyia , while in  Peckiamyia ,  Retrocitomyia and  Tapacura they remain hidden by the lateral wall of the distiphallus. In some species of the last three genera, the hillae are distally attached to the inner wall of the juxta, leaving two low swellings that are visible in dorsal view (arrows in Fig. 28A). Clade 74 is also supported by the presence of a three-lobed vesica, whose proximal section is undivided and arch-shaped in  Duckemyia (Fig. 16F),  Retrocitomyia (Fig. 10G) and  Tapacura (Fig. 36B), while in  Peckiamyia this section has a shallow proximal division giving two joined lobes (Fig. 35D, E). </p>
            <p> Tapacura is reconstructed as a monophyletic taxon with weak JK value but supported by two autapomorphies: (1) vesical lateral arms disc-shaped (Fig. 36A, B) and (2) juxta squared with anterior margin even and flat (Fig. 36E). This genus has very small and distinctive male genitalia, which may carry informative characters for supporting its monophyly. Species of  Tapacura have lateral plate-like structures completely fused to the paraphallic wall and with a distal cleft (Fig. 36A–C, E). The homology of these structures is uncertain. These plate-like structures are in a similar position than the paraphallic blinkers. However, they lack the landmark for delimiting these blinkers, which is a desclerotized strip between them and the ventral margin of the paraphallus. Also, the lateral plates of  Tapacura are completely sclerotized, while the paraphallic blinkers are semi-sclerotized. </p>
            <p> A sister-group relationship between  Retrocitomyia (excluding  Retrocitomyia argentina Lopes, 1988 ) and (  Duckemyia +  Peckiamyia ) was recovered in our analysis (clade 76 in Fig. 2B). Clade 76 is supported by two uniquely derived apomorphies: (1) cercal prong S-shaped with uni- or bilobed apex (Fig. 40H) and (2) postgonite directed perpendicular to body axis. </p>
            <p> The monophyly of  Retrocitomyia (excluding  R. argentina ) is strongly supported in our analysis by four autapomorphies: (1) cercal prong bilobed with a blunt tip (see arrows in Fig. 47A), (2) cercal prong without dorso-medial setae, (3) vesical lateral arms paddle-like with a hook-shaped apex and (4) juxta squared with anterior margin even, undulated dorso-ventrally or with a medial folding (Figs 10G, H, 28A). The two tips of the bilobed cercal prong might be more developed in some  Retrocitomyia species than in others. Lopes (1983) assigned  Retrocitomyia , together with  Chlorosarcophaga and  Dexomyophora (both included in  Lepidodexia [s.l.] by Pape [1996]), and  Udamopyga , to the subtribe  Udamopygina based on various features of the cephaloskeleton of the first-instar larva, a concavity in ST8 of the female, the presence of ‘large lateral plates’ on the distiphallus and the absence of a vesica. Our results did not support a relationship between  Retrocitomyia ,  Lepidodexia and  Udamopyga , and each of these genera emerged within separate, distantly related clades. Also, neither of the diagnostic character states proposed by Lopes (1983) in the description of  Retrocitomyia nor those suggested by Pape (1996) emerged as autapomorphic for this genus. However, when used in combination, those character states will still be useful for diagnosing this genus. </p>
            <p> The sister-group relationship between  Duckemyia and  Peckiamyia has moderate branch support and is supported by three autapomorphies: (1) facial ridge with dense setosity on lower 0.85 (Fig. 46B), (2) cercal prong bilobed with a pointed tip (Fig. 40H) and (3) juxta squared, with anterior margin even, flat or slightly concave (Figs 16F, 35E). Of the two genera, only  Peckiamyia is supported by multiple autapomorphies of the male terminalia and other body parts as follows: (1) postgenal setulae much longer than genal setulae (Fig. 47B), (2) surstylus with a proximal lobe-shaped expansion, (3) surstylus with stubby setae on proximal half, (4) pregonite with strong proximal setae, (5) vesica three-lobed, whose proximal section has a shallow proximal division giving two joined lobes (Fig. 35D, E) and (6) vesical lateral arms trapezoid (Fig. 35C, E).  Duckemyia shows one autapomorphy: vesical lateral arms ribbon-like (Fig. 16G). Dodge (1966) identified similarities in external characters between  Peckia and  Peckiamyia , but he also mentioned  Peckiamyia as having ‘anomalous genitalia’ obscuring its affinities. A close relationship between  Peckia and  Peckiamyia has not been supported in subsequent studies (Piwczyński et al., 2014; Buenaventura &amp; Pape, 2015), nor in the present study. A comparison of features of  Duckemyia latifrons Kano &amp; Lopes, 1969 to those of potentially close generic relatives with proclinate fronto-orbital setae in males was provided by Kano &amp; Lopes (1969), who erected a separate genus for this species. The proclinate fronto-orbital setae in males were here found to be a homoplasious character state. In the same publication, these authors also noted the bifurcated cercal prong (Fig. 40H) in  Duckemyia and  Peckiamyia , which is also shared with  Retrocitomyia . </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFFAFFB104B93F485783FD5E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFF9FFBF07133EB151C7FCB8.text	814387FFFFF9FFBF07133EB151C7FCB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcerella , Macquart 1851	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Microcerella clade </p>
            <p> This clade, represented by the species  R. argentina and the genera  Austrophyto ,  Boettcheria and  Microcerella , received strong JK value and is supported by nine uniquely derived character states including: (1) arista plumose in at most basal half (Fig. 47C, D), (2) thorax with metallic grey/golden stripes (highly contrasting relative to the blackish background), (3) anepimeral area with four strong setae and sparse, weak setulae, (4) male abdominal T5 higher than other abdominal tergites, (5) male ST5 with a rounded or pointed lobe on the anterior half (no. 1 in Fig. 47E), (6) male ST5 with cleft margin swollen (no. 2 in Fig. 47E), (7) male ST5 with a fold along the cleft margin (no. 3 in Fig. 47E), (8) surstylus two to three times longer than wide and (9) phallus with a rigid sclerotized area ventrally between basi- and distiphallus (arrow in Figs 29F, 47F). Three homoplasies also support this clade, including male with rows of frontal setae diverging anteriorly [also found in the genera  Lepidodexia ,  Lipoptilocnema ,  Sarcophaga ,  Spirobolomyia and  Udamopyga (including  Carinoclypeus )], as well as parafacial plate with strong setae (also found in  Helicobia ). From the eight autapomorphies supporting the entire  Microcerella clade, character state 8 was included as characteristic for  Boettcheria species by Dahlem &amp; Downes (1996). Similarly, the character states 1 and 8 were included as diagnostic features for the genus  Microcerella by Mulieri et al. (2015). Also, both Dahlem &amp; Downes (1996) and Mulieri et al. (2015) illustrated the male ST5 with a rounded or pointed lobe on the anterior half (autapomorphy 4) in several species of  Boettcheria and  Microcerella , respectively; however, they did not consider it as diagnostic for these genera. Interestingly, a similar lobe on the anterior half of the male ST5 was considered as diagnostic for the genus  Austrophyto by Mulieri (2017). </p>
            <p> Our analysis recovered a monophyletic genus  Boettcheria as sister to the clade (  Microcerella + (  Austrophyto +  R. argentina )). Based mostly on male terminalia characters, Roback (1954) placed  Boettcheria close to  Sarcodexiopsis and  Tripanurga and included these genera in the subtribe  Boettcheriina . Lopes (1983) placed this subtribe within  Sarcophagini , but he restricted  Boettcheriina to species of  Boettcheria , and in the same publication he suggested a possible relationship between  Boettcheriina and  Microcerellini , this last tribe containing species with ‘bare or pubescent arista’. In a subsequent publication, Lopes (1989) described  Austrophyto as a monospecific genus and placed it into the tribe  Microcerellini . Pape (1990) synonymized all the generic names included in the  Microcerellini of Lopes (1983) under  Microcerella , excluding only  Cryptosarcophila Townsend (transferred to  Lepidodexia as a subgenus) and  Austrophyto . Pape (1994) found  Boettcheria as sister to  Emdenimyia , a relationship supported by the configuration of postero-ventral setae on the trochanter (see discussion of the  Blaesoxipha clade), but he did not include  Austrophyto or any species of  Microcerella . Based on molecular data, Kutty et al. (2010) found  Boettcheria cimbicis (Townsend, 1892) as part of a trichotomy with  Engelimyia inops (Walker, 1849) and  Tricharaea femoralis (Schiner, 1868) ; Stamper et al. (2012) recovered a monophyletic  Boettcheria as sister to  T. importuna , and Piwczyński et al. (2014) recovered a sister-group relationship between a monophyletic  Boettcheria and  E. inops . Thus, molecular data do not yet converge in their phylogenetic estimations with regard to the position of  Boettcheria , while the morphological data of Giroux et al. (2010) coincide with ours in placing  Boettcheria and  Microcerella as closely related taxa. </p>
            <p> Lopes (1950) revised the species of  Boettcheria and provided a definition for this genus, where he highlighted the characteristic shape of the male ST5 and the very large vesica. Pape (1989b) redefined this genus and proposed a diagnosis including four character states. In a subsequent revisionary work of the Nearctic species of  Boettcheria, Dahlem &amp; Downes (1996) provided a generic definition based on three character states. Pape (1996) proposed a diagnosis for  Boettcheria , in which he included some of his own character states (Pape, 1989b) and also those of Dahlem &amp; Downes (1996). Here we included all of Pape’s (1996) diagnostic character states, of which two were reinterpreted and combined into one character state. Our analysis resulted in five autapomorphies supporting this genus. Pape’s character state of the modified setae on the male hind trochanter is separated into two character states, with male hind trochanter with a postero-ventral brush-like clump of short, stubby setae distally (position as no. 1 in Fig. 45) coming out as an autapomorphy for  Boettcheria . The remaining four autapomorphies are: (1) six or more frontal setae below posterior limit of the lunule, (2) male abdominal T5 higher than other abdominal tergites, (3) vesica convoluted (Fig. 30F) and (4) juxta squared with proximal corners slightly elongated (Fig. 30F). Character state 3 may be seen as a simplified way of describing the most complex structure in the male terminalia of species of  Boettcheria . The vesica in this genus has been previously described as ‘trilobed’ (Dahlem &amp; Downes, 1996) or ‘with more than three lobes’ (Giroux et al., 2010); however, any subdivision into lobes or a more detailed definition of this structure would require a homology assessment based on a more inclusive sample of species, which is not the scope of our study. Additional characters with potential phylogenetic content are (1) the unusually larger membranous area between the epandrium and the proximal margin of the surstylus and (2) the L-shaped surstylus in most species of this genus. </p>
            <p> The sister-group relationship between (  Austrophyto +  R. argentina ) and  Microcerella received strong JK value and is supported by two autapomorphies: (1) male hind trochanter with a pad of short setae covering almost the entire posterior surface (position as no. 3 in Fig. 45) and (2) phallus with a paler ventral area between basi- and distiphallus (arrow in Figs 38E, 47G). </p>
            <p> Mulieri (2017) revised  Austrophyto and provided a definition for this genus, where he highlighted several features, most of them found in many other genera in  Sarcophaginae , but also including the (1) postgonite with two long setae, (2) distiphallus with a swollen, desclerotized ventral area proximal to vesica, (3) vesica short and weakly sclerotized, with a microserrated margin and (4) juxta scarcely developed, with apico-lateral membranous lobes and a medial sclerotization (= medial juxtal sclerite) between them. Character state 1 was included here in its original form, while state 2 was included as homologized with paler ventral area between basi- and distiphallus being swollen in  Austrophyto and  R. argentina , state 3 was included as vesica with a proximal desclerotized, microserrated and bilobed section (‘vbs’ in Fig. 38E, G) and state 4 was divided into median juxtal sclerite (‘mjs’ in Fig. 38F, G) and juxta as two apico-lateral membranous lobes (‘jl’ in Fig. 38F–H). Mulieri (2017) also highlighted the distiphallus with ‘strongly developed harpes’, which were not included here due to lack of material. However, the harpes in this genus are conspicuous with a shape not observed in other genera of  Sarcophaginae . Mulieri (2017) also compared the reduced juxta of  Austrophyto with that of  Boettcheria ; however, we do not find support for the latter genus having a juxta reduced nor morphologically similar to that of  Austrophyto . Some additional comments by Mulieri (2017) on the possible phylogenetic relatedness of  Austrophyto to  Boettcheria and  Microcerella were not endorsed by phylogenetically informative evidence and are considered unsupported. Our analyses reconstructed the monophylum of (  Austrophyto +  R. argentina ), which received strong JK value and is supported by five autapomorphies: (1) postgonite with two long setae (Fig. 38D), (2) paler ventral area between basi- and distiphallus swollen (arrow in Fig. 38E), (3) vesica with a proximal desclerotized, microserrated and bilobed section (‘vbs’ in Fig. 38E, G), (4) median juxtal sclerite (‘mjs’ in Fig. 38F, G) and (5) juxta as two apico-lateral membranous lobes (‘jl’ in Fig. 38F, G). The affinity of  R. argentina was uncertain also for Lopes (1988b), who assigned it provisionally to  Retrocitomyia in spite of the absence of terminalia features typical of that genus. Based on our phylogeny and morphological examinations, we propose to include  R. argentina in  Austrophyto , with  Austrophyto argentina (Lopes, 1988) as a new combination. </p>
            <p> Previous definitions for  Microcerella (Macquart, 1851; Hall, 1937; Lopes, 1983; Pape, 1996) were considered as ‘skewed’, ‘based on highly homoplastic characters’, and as considering only ‘few and unuseful character states’ (Mulieri et al., 2015). However, subsequent definitions for this genus included some character states such as ‘male without orbital proclinate setae’ (Mulieri et al., 2015), which is not diagnostic for this genus, since it is found in at least 37 genera of  Sarcophaginae . Outlining a definition for this and other  Sarcophaginae genera compels researchers to use homoplasies, which are abundant in the subfamily, as already reported (Giroux et al., 2010). This overwhelming level of homoplasy could have resulted from multiple specializations giving morphologies that retain few clues to their phylogenetic history. </p>
            <p> In the description of the genus  Microcerella, Macquart (1851) used the bare arista to define this taxon, which was also included in definitions proposed by subsequent authors (Hall, 1937; Lopes, 1983; Pape, 1990, 1996). Pape (1990) defined  Microcerella by the following character states: (1) eyes green, (2) syntergosternite 7 + 8 black, (3) hypandrium swollen at level of pregonite, (4) postgena with at least some black setae close to genal suture, and he also pointed to the (5) syntergosternite 7 + 8 dark brown to black/ epandrium red. Pape (1996) added two other character states: (6) strong parafacial setae, and (7) arista almost bare. Mulieri et al. (2015) included (8) three strong postsutural dorso-central setae, (9) rigid connection between basi- and distiphallus, fused anteriorly with an incomplete hinge on posterior part, and (10) phallus with a paler anterior (= ventral) area between disti- and basiphallus. From these ten character states, 1, 3 and 5 came out as autapomorphic for this genus in the present study, while character state 2 was also found in  Boettcheria and 10 was also found in  Austrophyto , character states 7 and 9 were autapomorphic for the entire  Microcerella clade and states 4, 5, 6 and 8 were homoplasious. Besides character states 1, 3 and 5, the monophyly of  Microcerella was also supported by the paler and flat ventral area between basi- and distiphallus (Fig. 47G) (swollen in  Austrophyto ), and the juxta campanulated to oval (Figs 29F, G, 47G). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFF9FFBF07133EB151C7FCB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFF7FFBD07133E07551AFAB1.text	814387FFFFF7FFBD07133E07551AFAB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepidodexia Brauer & Bergenstamm 1891	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Lepidodexia clade </p>
            <p> This clade is composed of the genera  Halliosca ,  Emblemasoma and  Lepidodexia (including  Archimimus ). It received weak JK value and is supported by three autapomorphies: (1) paraphallic apical expansions present (‘pae’ in Figs 1B, 9F, 23A, 31C, 32F), (2) juxta squared, with an undulated distal margin (Figs 9H, 31H, 32D) and (3) juxta displaced anteriorly (Figs 31C, E, 32A, F). </p>
            <p> The species currently assigned to the genus  Lepidodexia possess similarities in the phallic morphology, although their diversity in external morphology is remarkable (Lopes, 1951, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1991, 1992). Some of these similarities were noticed by Roback (1954), who considered  Camptops Aldrich ,  Chloronesia Townsend ,  Harpagopyga Aldrich , Johnsonia and  Notochaeta to be phylogenetically close and placed them in the Johnsonia group. Roback (1954) also included  Argoravinia ,  Emblemasoma and  Helicobia in this group. Similarly, Lopes (1979, 1984) proposed the tribe  Johnsoniini , where he included all the subgenera currently assigned to  Lepidodexia plus some species currently in the genera  Archimimus and  Emdenimyia . The  Johnsoniini of Lopes share character states of the head chaetotaxy, female terminalia, labrum of the first-instar larva and male terminalia structures such as the ‘spinous lobe of the vesica’ (Lopes, 1979, 1984). Lopes (1983) also included  Malacophagula and  Rafaelia in the tribe  Johnsoniini . Almost all the genera belonging to the  Johnsoniini of Lopes were synonymized under  Lepidodexia by Pape (1995, 1996), being characterized by the vesica bearing a proximal spinous lobe, and only excluding species of  Archimimus and  Emdenimyia , to produce a  Lepidodexia (  sensu lato) containing 29 subgenera. Many of these are monospecific:  Chloronesia ,  Cryptosarcophila ,  Halliosca ,  Neophytodes Townsend , Orodexia Townsend,  Paramintho Brauer &amp; Bergenstamm ,  Petriana Lopes and  Stenopygopsis Townsend ; others include only a few species, for example  Abacantha Hall ,  Dexomyophora , Eufletcherimyia Townsend, Geijskesia Lopes,  Hallina and  Travassosisca Lopes , while only six subgenera have numerous species, i.e.  Chlorosarcophaga ,  Harpagopyga , Johnsonia,  Lepidodexia ,  Neophyto and  Notochaeta . Neither the genus  Lepidodexia nor any of its subgenera have been recently revised. Only three phylogenetic studies have included species of this genus (Lopes, 1984; Giroux et al., 2010; Kutty et al., 2010), and only one of these (Giroux et al., 2010) found  Lepidodexia as monophyletic, although this clade was supported only by homoplasies. Thus, the monophyly of  Lepidodexia and its subgenera had not been consistently tested, and there is no phylogenetic hypothesis for relationships within this genus. </p>
            <p> In the present study, we included representative species of only six subgenera, i.e.  Lepidodexia (Chlorosarcophaga) , L. (  Dexomyophora ), L. (  Hallina ), L. (  Halliosca ), L. (  Neophyto ) and L. (  Notochaeta ), of which all represented by more than one species emerged as monophyletic within a paraphyletic genus  Lepidodexia (Fig. 2B). </p>
            <p> The only species of  Halliosca emerges near the base of the  Lepidodexia clade as it lacks the two autapomorphies that support this clade: (1) the presence of a hinge between the proximal and distal parts of the harpes [fused in  Halliosca (Fig. 31E, F)], and (2) juxta angled [arching in  Halliosca (Fig. 31E)].  Halliosca shows several character states shared with the genus  Lipoptilocnema , including male abdominal ST5 with two pointed black cuticular processes on the angle of the V-shaped cleft, margin of surstylus overlapping the hinge between epandrium and surstylus, and cercal prong bent at mid-length, and with a proximal tuft of long black setae (identical to those of  Lipoptilocnema ). As outlined above, Pape (1996) proposed a broadened concept of  Lepidodexia (  sensu lato) containing 29 subgenera, one of these being  Halliosca . The strong support found for a sister-group relationship between  Emblemasoma and  Lepidodexia (exclusive of  Halliosca ) leaves two options: to exclude  Halliosca as subgenus from the genus  Lepidodexia (Pape, 1996) , or to broaden the definition of the latter to include also  Archimimus and  Emblemasoma . We are here resurrecting  Halliosca as a valid genus, new status. </p>
            <p> Pape (1996) diagnosed  Lepidodexia with three character states: (1) postalar wall bare, (2) distiphallus with juxta angled relative to the phallic tube (Fig. 32A) and (3) distiphallus with a spinous lobe proximal to the vesica (no. 1 in Figs 31D, 32C, F). Character state 1 is not particularly diagnostic for  Lepidodexia , since it is shared only by the subgenera L. (  Neophyto ) and L. (  Notochaeta ). As mentioned above, character state 2 emerged as autapomorphic for clade 90, as it is shared by all members of the  Lepidodexia clade except  Halliosca (Fig. 31E–G). Character state 3, originally described by Lopes (1979, 1984), is autapomorphic for clade 92, which consists of all subgenera of  Lepidodexia (including  Archimimus ), together with three uniquely derived synapomorphies: (1) arista almost twice as long as first flagellomere (Fig. 44F), (2) male abdominal ST5 with a rounded expansion taking up the entire posterior half (Fig. 44E), (3) vesica bipartite with a C-shaped medial section (no. 3 in Fig. 32C) and a convex sclerotized distal section (no. 2 in Fig. 32C). A comparison of the proximal spinous lobe of the vesica in various subgenera of  Lepidodexia shows that this feature can be homologized across the genus (red structure in Fig. 33). A monophyletic  Lepidodexia can be attained by either raising all subgenera to valid genera, lumping all species into a  Lepidodexia (  sensu lato), or a combination of the two. Following the last option, and in order to attain a monophyletic  Lepidodexia , we choose to include  Archimimus in this genus, as a subgenus, new status, and exclude  Halliosca and give it the new status as a valid genus. This newly circumscribed  Lepidodexia (including  Archimimus ) received strong branch support and is supported by the conspicuous proximal spinous lobe of the vesica plus the above-mentioned autapomorphies. </p>
            <p> The monophyly of and relationships between the subgenera of  Lepidodexia are partially supported. Thus, L. (  Dexomyophora ) is supported by a facial ridge with dense setosity on lower 0.70 (Fig. 46C), while L. (  Hallina ), L. (  Neophyto ) and L. (  Notochaeta ) are only supported by homoplasies. </p>
            <p> Three out of five of the currently recognized species of  Archimimus (  sensu Pape, 1996 ) are included in the present study, and they formed a strongly supported monophyletic group that emerged as sister to L. (  Neophyto ). The monophyly of L. (  Archimimus ) is supported by three autapomorphies: (1) pregonite distally spatulated, (2) median stylus truncated (Fig. 9G) and (3) median stylus with no opening (Fig. 9G). Only five genera and one subgenus of  Sarcophaginae have the median stylus strongly modified into an apparently non-conducting stylus or entirely reduced. These are L. (  Archimimus ),  Chrysagria ,  Helicobia ,  Lipoptilocnema ,  Peckia and  Sarcophaga , and all are characterized by different acrophallic configurations.  Lepidodexia (Archimimus) and  Lipoptilocnema have both a median stylus and a capitis, but the median stylus is not tubular (Figs 9G, 24B–I);  Chrysagria has a short capitis and an entirely reduced median stylus (Fig. 11C);  Helicobia and  Sarcophaga have an elongated capitis and an entirely reduced median stylus (Fig. 37C, G); and  Peckia has no trace of either a median stylus or a capitis (Figs 12H, 13H). The sister-group relationship between L. (  Archimimus ) and L. (  Neophyto ) is supported by one autapomorphy: distance between occiput and antennal base longer than distance between occiput and vibrissal angle. </p>
            <p> Roback (1954) included  Emblemasoma in the Johnsonia group, and considered it to be closely related to  Helicobia and Johnsonia (=  Lepidodexia , in part) due to structural similarities in the male terminalia.  Emblemasoma was considered as part of the tribe  Sarcophagini by Lopes (1969a), but Lopes (1983) later erected the tribe  Emblemasomatini for  Emblemasoma and  Pessoamyia Lopes. Our results support these assumptions, since  Emblemasoma is closely related to  Lepidodexia , as suggested by Roback (1954), and species originally in  Emblemasoma and  Pessoamyia constitute a monophylum, as indicated by Lopes (1969a). Lopes (1971) defined  Emblemasoma and  Pessoamyia by the presence of an inflated prosternum. Pape (1996) synonymized these two genera and expanded the definition of  Emblemasoma , which he diagnosed as follows: (1) prosternum enlarged, (2) male mid-femur with a ctenidium of rounded spines (circular cross section) and (3) male cercus distally swollen and with a blunt tip (Fig. 44G). Here, the monophyly of  Emblemasoma was tested for the first time, and it is supported by seven autapomorphies, mostly from non-terminalia characters. These include character states 1 and 3 of Pape (1996), plus facial plate almost equibroad along its entire length (Fig. 44A), parafacial plate widest at level of lunule (Fig. 44B), palpus with long setae (Fig. 44B), male mid-femur with 1–4 antero-dorsal setae at mid-length and vesica composed of two leaf-shaped lobes (Fig. 23A–E). </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFF7FFBD07133E07551AFAB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
814387FFFFF5FFBB048B380C5782FEEF.text	814387FFFFF5FFBB048B380C5782FEEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarcophaga	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Sarcophaga clade </p>
            <p> The  Sarcophaga clade (clade 101 in Fig. 2B) is formed by  Chrysagria as sister to (  Helicobia + (  Peckia + (  Lipoptilocnema +  Sarcophaga ))) and all genera were reconstructed as monophyletic. The entire clade has weak support and half of its internal branches have high branch supports. Apart from  Chrysagria and  Lipoptilocnema , all genera of the  Sarcophaga clade had been included in previous phylogenetic analyses. Giroux et al. (2010) found  Sarcophaga as paraphyletic with regard to  Helicobia , and  Peckia as the sister group of (  Sarcodexia +  Titanogrypa ). Few species of  Helicobia and  Peckia , and representatives of 31 subgenera of  Sarcophaga were included. Kutty et al. (2010) found a monophyletic  Helicobia only distantly related to  Sarcophaga and to a paraphyletic  Peckia . Stamper et al. (2012) found  Helicobia as sister to (  Peckia +  Sarcophaga ), whereas Piwczyński et al. (2014) found (  Peckia [including  Villegasia ] +  Sarcophaga ) as the sister clade of (  Helicobia + ((  Boettcheria +  Engelimyia ) + (  Duckemyia +  Peckiamyia ))). Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2015) discussed the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of four of the five genera included in the present  Sarcophaga clade. These authors included all currently recognized species of  Peckia , and the resulting topology, with  Peckia as sister to (  Lipoptilocnema + (  Helicobia +  Sarcophaga )), was generally strongly supported. Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2017) found  Helicobia as sister to ((  Lipoptilocnema +  Peckia ) +  Sarcophaga ) based on a data set of four molecular markers and species of all biogeographic regions. Differences to the present study are due to the additional male terminalia character states as discussed below. </p>
            <p> The  Sarcophaga clade is well supported. Two autapomorphies define this clade: (1) acrophallus with two styli, and (2) median stylus strongly modified into an apparently non-conducting stylus or entirely reduced (capitis present or not). The first split of the  Sarcophaga clade shows the genus  Chrysagria as sister to clade 103, which contains the remaining genera. The genus  Chrysagria was defined by Lopes &amp; Achoy (1986) by the small ‘apical plate’ (= juxta) and the styli becoming free, among other male and female character states. Pape (1996) also noticed the particular development of the lateral styli in this genus, as one of the diagnostic character states he proposed for this genus was lateral styli long and curved, reaching beyond the apex of the distiphallus. However, this feature is not exclusively found in  Chrysagria , but is present also in  Helicobia ,  Peckia and  Sarcophaga . Our results are not consistent with those of Lopes (1969a, 1983), who included  Chrysagria and genera like  Microcerella in the tribe  Microcerellini . The three known species of  Chrysagria (Pape, 1996) , two of which were included in the present study, form a monophylum receiving strong JK value and supported by two autapomorphies: (1) cercal prong with a median tuft of brown and yellow, medially directed setae, and (2) juxta composed of two elongated and smooth segments (Fig. 11C). </p>
            <p> The clade (  Helicobia + (  Peckia + (  Lipoptilocnema +  Sarcophaga ))) is supported by three autapomorphies: (1) capitis recurved (Figs 24G, 37C), (2) juxta dome-shaped (Figs 22I, 32F, 37A, D) and (3) juxta with juxtal lateral plates (‘jlp’ in Figs 13F, 22G, I, 35B, 37E, F). Although the capitis is noticeably developed in  Lipoptilocnema ,  Helicobia and  Sarcophaga , it is reduced in  Peckia . The juxta is generally dome-shaped in this clade; however, in  Lipoptilocnema it is a membranous expansion covered with sclerotized apical spines (Mulieri et al., 2016), having a recurved shape, and lacking the juxtal lateral plates. </p>
            <p> The monophyly of  Helicobia has been supported by morphological (Giroux et al., 2010; Buenaventura &amp; Pape, 2015) and molecular studies (Kutty et al., 2010; Stamper et al., 2012; Piwczyński et al., 2014; Buenaventura &amp; Pape, 2017) and it is also strongly supported by our results. Giroux et al. (2010) reduced  Helicobia to a subgenus of  Sarcophaga , but this was rejected by subsequent studies (Kutty et al., 2010; Stamper et al., 2012; Piwczyński et al., 2014; Buenaventura &amp; Pape, 2015, 2017), as well as by our results. A single autapomorphy supported this genus: the male hind trochanter with a pad of short setae medially and with a strong seta near its posterior margin (position as no. 7 in Fig. 45). Of the seven apomorphies that supported this taxon in Giroux et al. ’s (2010) phylogeny, two – posterior and postero-ventral setae in the male hind tibia unmodified and dorsal proximal part of wing vein R 1 setulose – were included here, and found not to be uniquely derived in this genus but shared with at least 15 other genera. Another homoplasious character state supporting  Helicobia is a parafacial plate with strong setae. Similarly, of the six character states defining  Helicobia in Buenaventura &amp; Pape’s (2015) study, five are included here but are not recovered as autapomorphic for this genus. Two of them (ocellar setae strong, vertical setae strong) do not define  Helicobia in our study, while the three remaining ones correspond to configurations of the vesica that are here reinterpreted. Female T6 with a mid-dorsal desclerotized, fine strip or narrow membranous longitudinal cleft was not included in the present study, due to scarce female data for other  Sarcophaginae genera. Despite the homoplastic condition of character states in the present study as well as those of Pape (1996), Giroux et al. (2010) and Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2015), we use a combination of these to define  Helicobia . </p>
            <p> The clade (  Peckia + (  Lipoptilocnema +  Sarcophaga )) is supported by one autapomorphy: cercal prong with a subapical saddle-shaped concavity followed by a hump. This clade was also supported by two homoplasies: (1) postgenal setulae white or yellow, and (2) one presutural dorso-central seta.  Peckia and  Sarcophaga also share an inner margin of male abdominal ST5 cleft with a large medial pad of long hair-like setulae, or strong and short setae. This setosity pattern is absent in  Lipoptilocnema , which instead has two pointed black cuticular processes on the angle of the V-shaped cleft of the male abdominal ST5. </p>
            <p> Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2015) included all currently recognized species of  Peckia (sensu Buenaventura &amp; Pape, 2013) and provided an extensive discussion on the historical definitions and concepts of this genus by especially Robineau-Desvoidy (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830), Lopes (1941a, 1943, 1958, 1969a, 1983), Roback (1954) and Pape (1996). Two synapomorphies supported the monophyly of  Peckia in Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2015): (1) presence of a fringe of long, hair-like setulae along outer margin, extending to – or almost to – the posterior corner of the lower calypter, and (2) reduction of the capitis. These character states, plus paraphallus wider than long (Fig. 13E, F) also support  Peckia in our analysis. The paraphallic tube in  Peckia is mostly reduced (except in the subgenus  Pattonella Enderlein , Fig. 12F), consisting almost only of a sclerotized strip in the proximal part of the distiphallus, whereas the juxta is generally large and complex, particularly in the subgenera  Pattonella (Fig. 12F),  Peckia (Fig. 13F–H) and  Sarcodexia (Fig. 35B). For example, the juxta in the subgenus  Sarcodexia has one basal and two distal juxtal horns (‘bjh’ and ‘djh’ in Figs 13I, J, 35A, B). The genus  Peckia is also supported by three homoplasies, including the loss of harpes. All groups in basal positions with regard to clade 80 have a distiphallus with no harpes. According to the optimization of this character in our phylogeny, the harpes are considered as primarily absent in the  Tricharaea and  Dexosarcophaga grades, and the clades  Oxysarcodexia ,  Argoravinia ,  Blaesoxipha ,  Engelimyia ,  Udamopyga and  Peckiamyia , but present in clades  Microcerella ,  Lepidodexia and  Sarcophaga , while in the genus  Peckia they are secondarily lost, which may constitute a reduction uniquely derived in this genus. </p>
            <p> The clade (  Lipoptilocnema +  Sarcophaga ) received high JK value and is supported by three uniquely derived character states: margins of surstylus slightly folded or protruding outwards (‘sr’ in Fig. 44C, D), paraphallic dorsal wall with a longitudinal desclerotized strip with a shallow or deep depression (Figs 24J, 37H) and presence of paraphallic proximal expansions (‘ppe’ in Figs 24C, 37E, I). This clade was also supported by three homoplasies: male with rows of frontal setae divergent anteriorly, cercus with proximal tuft of long, black, hair-like setulae and harpes protruding dorso-medially over the base of the lateral styli (Fig. 37E, I). Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2015) interpreted the acrophallic structures of the genera of the  Sarcophaga clade, such as the reduced median stylus and the elongated capitis, in the same way as here, but some additional character states included in the present analysis resulted in a change in relationships among these genera. Thus, some character states such as the subapical saddle-shaped concavity of the cercal prong followed by a subapical hump support the clade (  Peckia + (  Lipoptilocnema +  Sarcophaga )). Also, the slightly folded or outwards protruding margins of surstylus, the presence of a paraphallic desclerotized strip and the presence of paraphallic proximal expansions support the clade (  Lipoptilocnema +  Sarcophaga ). </p>
            <p> Lipoptilocnema , represented in this analysis by two species, is defined by four autapomorphies in the male terminalia: (1) proximal margin of surstylus overlapping the hinge between epandrium and surstylus (arrow in Fig. 44C), (2) distal part of harpes membranous (Fig. 24B–D, G), (3) juxta recurved (Fig. 24B, G) and (4) juxta triangular with longitudinal keel, laterally membranous, and apically bifid and spinose (Figs 24J, 44D). The position of this genus within the  Sarcophaginae was recently analysed by Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2015, 2017), who recovered a monophyletic  Lipoptilocnema not nested inside any other genus and thereby refuted the proposal of Pape (1996) to include it as a subgenus of  Sarcophaga . The present phylogeny finds  Lipoptilocnema as the sister group of  Sarcophaga as opposed to (  Helicobia +  Sarcophaga ) of Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2015) and (  Lipoptilocnema +  Peckia ) of Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2017). Buenaventura &amp; Pape (2015) found  Lipoptilocnema as supported by four apomorphies: (1) cercal prong with dorsal surface S-shaped, (2) surstylus with anterior and posterior margin slightly folded, (3) paraphallic apical elongated expansion with apical spines and (4) juxta tongue-shaped, broad proximally and gradually getting narrow to the entire apex. Character state 1 was reinterpreted here and found to be also present in  Peckia and  Sarcophaga , while character state 2 was included in its original form and found to be also present in  Sarcophaga . Character states 3 and 4 were also reinterpreted and homologized to the juxta and median stylus, respectively, in agreement with Mulieri et al. (2016). </p>
            <p> Sarcophaga is recovered as monophyletic, supported by eight autapomorphies including a medioproximal pad of short setae on the posterior surface of the hind trochanter (position as no. 4 in Fig. 45), a strong seta on postgonite situated distal to middle, paraphallus with a window (‘pw’ in Fig. 37A), harpes elbowed in proximal part (Fig. 37A, E) and harpes with an apical process (‘ah’ in Fig. 37F). The characteristic paraphallic window of  Sarcophaga was first described by Whitmore et al. (2013) in a phylogeny of the subgenus  Heteronychia . Whitmore et al. (2013) also described the cercal prong of the subgenus  Heteronychia with ‘a median, saddle-shaped concavity, or a deep hollowing of the dorsal surface, called a dorsal excavation’, which is also shared by some species of  Sarcophaga included here. Its autapomorphic condition is only contradicted by its presence in a few species of the subgenus  Peckia (Peckia) .  Sarcophaga exclusive of  Helicobia and  Lipoptilocnema is a monophyletic taxon, as demonstrated in previous molecular (Kutty et al., 2010; Stamper et al., 2012; Piwczyński et al., 2014; Buenaventura et al., 2016; Buenaventura &amp; Pape, 2017) and morphological (Buenaventura &amp; Pape, 2015) studies. </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/814387FFFFF5FFBB048B380C5782FEEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Buenaventura, Eliana;Pape, Thomas	Buenaventura, Eliana, Pape, Thomas (2018): Phylogeny, evolution and male terminalia functionality of Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 183 (4): 808-906, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx070, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/183/4/808/4757488
