identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
813A87B0FFEF6920FF7368D9D7E3AFAD.text	813A87B0FFEF6920FF7368D9D7E3AFAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Holonotus latithorax Thomson 1861	<div><p>Holonotus latithorax Thomson, 1861, revalidated</p><p>(Figures 8–16)</p><p>Holonotus latithorax Thomson, 1861: 305; 1864: 276; Lacordaire, 1868: 185; Gemminger, 1872: 2784 (cat.); Thomson, 1878: 4 (type); Bates, 1879: 13 (distr.); 1884: 238.</p><p>Derancistrus (Holonotus) latithorax; Lameere, 1909: 12; 1913: 50 (cat.); 1919: 97; Blackwelder, 1946: 554 (checklist); Chemsak et al., 1992: 18 (cat.); Galileo &amp; Martins, 1993: 208 (syn.); Noguera &amp; Chemsak, 1996: 396 (cat.).</p><p>White (1853) described Solenoptera laevithorax based in a series of specimens (at least two syntypes male) from Guatemala (recorded as “Guatimala”). According to him: “Elytra… apex blunt, minutely serrated, end of margin toothed.” Examination of photograph of two male syntypes (Fig. 7) allows seeing that the specimen at right side has the elytral apex really as described by White (1853). However, the resolution of the photograph does not allow confirming if the specimen at the left side has the elytral apex really serrated.</p><p>Some years later, Thomson (1861) described Holonotus, and confusedly described H. latithorax from Mexico, based on a couple, apparently, suggesting that he was not sure if the new species is or not equal to H. laevithorax: “Espèce: H. latithorax, White. — H. laevithorax, White, Cat. Long., B. M., p. 54. Guatimala;” and, “169. HOLONO- TUS LATITHORAX. White?” However, Thomson (1864) accepted H. latithorax as a different species described in Thomson (1861), and designated it as the type species of the genus. Bates (1884) was the first who figured H. laevithorax and H. latithorax and, in our opinion, his interpretation was correct.</p><p>Lameere (1909) considered Holonotus as a subgenus of Derancistrus Audinet-Serville, 1832, and synonymized Holonotus minor Bates, 1884 with H. laevithorax . Holonotus laevithorax and H. latithorax were separated in his key as follows (translated): “Mesosternum less elevated than prosternum; prothorax parallel-sided; meso- and metathoracic epimera covered with white pubescence”, leading to D. latithorax (= H. latithorax); “Mesosternum more elevated than prosternum; prothorax not parallel-sided; epimera glabrous”, leading to D. laevithorax (= H. laevithorax) and other species.</p><p>Galileo &amp; Martins (1993) correctly pointed out (translated): “After the description of the genus Holonotus, Thomson (1860: 305) cited: “Espèce: H. latithorax, White. — H. laevithorax, White, Cat. Long. B.M. p. 54. Guatimala.” This citation is difficult to understand because there is no species described by White with the name latithorax . As it is indicated that Holonotus includes a single species (“espèce” and not “espèces”), we can suppose that Thomson considered H. latithorax White (nom. nud.) synonymous of H. laevithorax White. Subsequently, Thomson (l.c.) describe or redescribe a species under the following title: “169. HOLONOTUS LATITHORAX . White?” Again, this name appears with the name given to White. The type locality is Mexico. In 1864, Thomson (p. 276) indicates for type species of Holonotus, H. latithorax Thomson, …, Mexico. It was thus determined as a type species, whose author is Thomson and not White, published in 1860.” In the same work, they synonymized H. latithorax with H. laevithorax, considering the differences between them as just variations.</p><p>Curiously, neither Lameere (1909) nor Galileo &amp; Martins (1993) saw the most conspicuous difference between H. laevithorax and H. latithorax . In the former, the elytral apex has a spicule laterally (Fig. 17), and is finely serrated from this point toward sutural angle, while the latter does not have both of those features (Fig. 16). Actually, Galileo &amp; Martins (1993) defined the genus as having the spicule and finely serrated distal margin in both. However, those features are absent in H. latithorax .</p><p>As additional differences between H. laevithorax and H. latithorax, it is possible to list (feature in H. latithorax between parentheses): prothorax in both sexes strongly divergent from anterolateral angles to about midlength (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7) (not or very slightly convergent after anterolateral angles (Figs. 8, 11, 12, 14)); anterolateral angles of the prothorax narrow, acute in both sexes (wide, rounded); metatibiae in male shorter (Fig. 3) (metatibiae longer (Fig. 10)); mesanepisternum and distal area of metanepisternum with pubescence nearly absent or sparse (Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6), rarely slightly denser in both sexes (distinctly dense (Figs. 9, 10, 12, 13), rarely slightly less dense). Difference between the height of the prosternum and mesosternum recorded by Lameere (1909) is variable in both species. Accordingly, it is not a reliable feature separating the species. Although not a very reliable character (we have seen an exception), in general, the antennomere III in both sexes of H. latithorax is at most as long as the distance between the upper eye lobes; in H. laevithorax, they are always longer than the distance between the upper eye lobes.</p><p>Regarding the integument color, both, H. laevithorax and H. latithorax are variable. The elytra may be blackish basally, gradually becoming reddish-brown toward apex, or to be entirely blackish; and the femora may be partially reddish brown, or entirely black.</p><p>Based on those features, we are formally revalidating H. laevithorax, and designating the female syntype (Fig. 14) as lectotype. We prefer do not chose the male syntype as lectotype, because, apparently, it is a teratological specimen (elytra noticeable reduced), and have the prothoracic shape as in male of H. laevithorax . The lectotype has the following labels (Fig. 15):</p><p>1. White (bordered with green), handwritten: Latithorax / Type Thoms. / Mex.</p><p>2. White (bordered with black), handwritten: Holonotus / Thoms / E. 304</p><p>3. White (bordered with black), printed: Th. / TYPE</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFEF6920FF7368D9D7E3AFAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFEB6922FF736D67D739A851.text	813A87B0FFEB6922FF736D67D739A851.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lagocheirus plantaris subsp. plantaris plantaris Erichson 1847	<div><p>Lagocheirus plantaris plantaris Erichson, 1847</p><p>(Figures 18–21)</p><p>Lagochirus plantaris Erichson, 1847: 144; White, 1855: 365; Gemminger, 1873: 3148; Aurivillius, 1923: 392 (cat.); Soukup, 1942: 309 (distr.); Blackwelder, 1946: 612 (checklist).</p><p>Lagocheirus plantaris plantaris; Dillon, 1957: 157; Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 247 (checklist); Monné, 1995: 45 (cat.); Martínez, 2000: 92 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 52 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 183 (checklist); Wappes et al., 2006: 35 (distr.); Maes et al., 2010b: 471 (part; figs on page 472); Monné et al., 2012: 26 (distr.); Monné &amp; Chaboo, 2015: 76 (distr.).</p><p>Lagocheirus plantaris; Gilmour, 1965: 564 (cat.); Chemsak et al., 1992: 138 (checklist); Barbosa et al., 2009: 293 (distr.); Lagos &amp; Barrios, 2014: 17 (distr.); Lanuza-Garay &amp; Barrios, 2015: 66 (host); Lingafelter et al., 2017: 153.</p><p>Trypanidius fasciculatus White, 1855: 377 .</p><p>Lagochirus fasciculatus; Gemminger, 1873: 3138 (cat.); Aurivillius, 1923: 392 (cat.); 1926: 6 (distr.).</p><p>Lagocheirus fasciculatus; Bates, 1863a: 101.</p><p>Lagoschyrus fasciculatus; Zischka, 1948: 7 (distr.).</p><p>Lagocheirus plantaris indistinctus Dillon, 1957: 158; Gilmour, 1965: 564 (cat.); Chemsak et al., 1992: 138 (checklist); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 247 (checklist); Monné, 1995: 46 (cat.); Toledo, 1998: 31; Monné, 2005: 52 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 183 (checklist); Swift et al., 2010: 38 (distr.); Lanuza-Garay, 2015: 10 (morphol.); Monné, 2018b: 64 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>According to Dillon (1957) on Lagocheirus plantaris indistinctus: “Male. In many instances only slightly distinct from the typical form in having the basal angles of the scutellum pale or ochraceous pubescent. However, in well-marked examples the elytral pubescence is uniformly dull cinereous or fuscous, with the carina marked with ochraceous. The most important distinguishing feature is to be found in the tubercles of the pronotum, which is scarcely inflated. As consequence, the lateral tubercles are usually conical, and the tubercles of the disk are more pronounced.” However, comparing photograph of the holotype with several male specimens from South America, we see that the differences pointed out by Dillon (1957) do not exist, especially that reported as “most important”, because all males of Lagocheirus plantaris plantaris have the pronotum inflated, but it can be from slightly inflated to noticeably inflated. It is exactly how pronotum is inflated which cause the tubercles to be higher or lower. As for the shape of the lateral tubercles of the prothorax, the difference pointed out also does not exist. Furthermore, the shape of the lateral tubercle in several examined males are variable, from slightly rounded at apex to distinctly rounded and, in some of them, identical to that in the holotype of L. p. indistinctus. As for the difference in the pubescence of the scutellum, although nearly all specimens from South America do not have the basal sides with contrasting pubescence, it is present in some specimens; furthermore, it is not present in many specimens from Central America, independently of the pronotal shape, making clear that this is a variable feature in the species. Finally, the elytral pubescence is distinctly variable in the specimens examined, independently of the place from where the specimen is. Toledo (1998) also reported that the scutellum in Lagocheirus plantaris indistinctus has its sides with light pubescence. Unfortunately, he did not point out if he saw variation in this feature.</p><p>Curiously, what neither Dillon (1957) nor Toledo (1998) reported is that the pronotum in females is always less inflated than in all males, making the pronotal tubercles distinctly more elevated, and the lateral tubercles of the prothorax more distinctly conical, as in the holotype of Lagocheirus plantaris plantaris (see photograph of the holotype in Bezark 2018a).</p><p>Based on the absence of reliable differences between Lagocheirus plantaris plantaris and L. p. indistinctus, the latter is formally considered a junior synonym of the former.</p><p>Maes et al. (2010b) recorded L. plantaris indistinctus for Nicaragua, based on a single specimen: “ Nicaragua: RAAN (Zelaya): Cerro Saslaya: Camp 3, UTM 713150 – 1521450, 950 m, IV-1999, col. J.M. Maes &amp; B. Hernandez (1 ex. col. Museo Entomológico de León).” Although it is very probable that L. plantaris really occurs in Nicaragua, the specimen illustrated in Maes et al. (2010b) is a female of L. binumeratus Thomson, 1860. Accordingly, for now, L. plantaris plantaris is formally excluded from the fauna of Nicaragua. As the work also illustrated two specimens of the true L. p. plantaris, it needs to be listed under the references of both species as “part”. The current distribution of the species can be seen in the map (Fig. 84).</p><p>Material examined (all belonging to the MZSP, Fig. 84). COLOMBIA, Huila: Gigante, 1 female, IV.1974 ; Caquetá, 1 male; Amazonas (PNN Amacayacu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-70.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.3833332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -70.1/lat -3.3833332)">Matamata</a>, 3º23’S 70º6’W, 150m, Malaise trap), 1 male, 27.III– 3.IV.2000, A. Parente col. ; Boyacá: Muzo, 1 female, 1930, H. Apolinar, Maria col. ; Cundinamarca ( Reserva Bosque Guajira, 4°47’34”N 75º46’60”W, 2,910M), 1 female, 8–13.III.2018. PERU, Satipo, 1 male, IV (no year indicated), A. Maller col.; 1 male, III (no year indicated), A. Maller col.; 1 male, IV.1945, A. Maller col.; Loreto: Estirón (Rio Ampiyacu) 1 male, 15–22.V.1966, Malkin col.; Ucayali: Pucallpá, 1 female, 15.VIII.1974. BRAZIL, Amazonas: Benjamin Constant (Rio Jatay, alto Amazonas), 4 males, 5 females, XI.1960, Dirings col.; 1 female, II.1960; 1 male, X.1961, Dirings col.; 1 male, 1 female, XI.1961, Dirings col.; 1 male, 1 female, III.1962, Dirings col.; 1 male, IX.1963, Dirings col.; 1male, XI.1963, Dirings col.; 1 male, XII.1963, Dirings col.; 1 male. S„o Paulo de Olivença ( Rio Solimıes), 1 female, XI.1960, Dirings col. ; Manicoré ( Rio Madeira), 1 male, VI. 1921, J.F. Zikán col. BOLIVIA, La Paz: Larecaja (Guanay, Uyapi), 1 female, X–XI.1992 . PARAGUAY, Concepción: Horqueta, 1 male, Alberto Shultze col. PANAMA, Panama: Isla Barro Colorado, 1 female, 3.VIII.1961, J.M. Campbell col. ; 1 male, 8.XII.1963, L.J. Bottime col.; 1 female, XI.1965, H. Britski col.; Capira ( Cerro Campana, 2900 m), 1 male, 31.VII.1970, J.M. Campbell col.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFEB6922FF736D67D739A851	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE8692CFF736EFBD75AAF3D.text	813A87B0FFE8692CFF736EFBD75AAF3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepturges (Lepturges) brechlini Santos-Silva & Nascimento & Kozlov 2019	<div><p>Lepturges (Lepturges) brechlini Santos-Silva, Nascimento &amp; Kozlov, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 22–25)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument mostly dark brown, almost black on some areas; mouthparts dark reddish brown; anteclypeus and anterior half of labrum reddish brown; antennomeres III–VI dark reddish brown, with distal area blackish; distal area of abdominal ventrites I–IV, and base of V reddish brown. Pale-yellow pubescence more yellowish-white depending on light intensity.</p><p>Head. Frons very finely, densely punctate; with pale yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with short, sparse, erect yellowish setae. Vertex very finely, moderately sparsely punctate between upper eye lobes, smooth toward prothoracic margin; with yellowish pubescence between antennal tubercles and close to eyes, light yellowish-brown between upper eye lobes, denser between antennal tubercles, becoming absent toward prothoracic margin. Area behind eyes very finely, moderately abundantly punctate close to eyes, smooth toward prothoracic margin; with dense yellowish pubescence close to eye (this area slightly widened toward ventral surface), glabrous on remaining surface. Antennal tubercles basally with sculpturing as on frons, smooth on remaining surface; pubescence as on frons anteriorly, slightly yellower toward eye, not obscuring integument. Median groove distinct from clypeus to prothoracic margin. Genae very finely transversely striate-punctate except smooth distal area; with sparse pale yellow pubescence close to eye, glabrous on remaining surface. Postclypeus with sparse, bristly pale yellow pubescence on wide central area, glabrous laterally. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior 2/3, inclined at anterior third; with sparse brownish pubescence, posteriorly interspersed with long, erect, sparse dark setae. Gulamentum glabrous on posterior horizontal area, with sparse yellowish pubescence on anterior vertical area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.25 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.45 times length of scape. Antennae 2.45 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at middle of antennomere VI; scape with pale yellow pubescence not obscuring integument; pedicel and antennomeres with minute, sparse, slightly conspicuous yellowish-white pubescence; antennomeres III–VIII with a few short, erect, thick dark setae, only ventrally in III–VI, dorsally and ventrally in VII–VIII; antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.98; pedicel = 0.10; IV = 0.97; V = 0.92; VI = 0.89; VII = 0.74; VIII = 0.75; IX = 0.72; X = 0.61; XI = 0.47.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 1.75 times wider than long; posterolateral angles not spiniform. Pronotum very finely, densely punctate, except transverse posterior area with coarse punctures; with moderately dense centro-longitudinal pale yellow pubescent band, fused with transverse pale yellow pubescent band close to posterior margin (widened toward posterolateral angles); with moderately large yellowish-brown pubescent macula on each side of posterior half, and entire sides of anterior half (projected toward center on anterior third); remaining surface with brownish pubescence. Sides of prothorax with moderately abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Prosternum with abundant light yellowish-brown pubescence laterally, distinctly sparser toward central area. Prosternal process with minute brownish pubescence not obscuring integument. Mesoventrite with dense pale-yellow pubescence laterally, distinctly sparser toward central area; mesanepisternum with dense pale-yellow pubescence; mesepimeron with pale-yellow pubescence sparser than on mesanepisternum; metanepisternum and sides of metaventrite with dense pale-yellow pubescence; remaining surface of metaventrite with pubescence of same color, but somewhat sparser. Scutellum with yellowish-brown pubescence on centrobasal area, not obscuring integument, with sparse yellowish-white pubescence close to margins. Elytra. Moderately coarsely abundantly punctate on basal third, gradually finer, sparser toward apex; elytral apex obliquely truncate; pubescence mostly brownish, partially obscuring integument, except pale-yellow pubescent bands and spots: arched band on center of dorsal quarter, not reaching anterior margin; longitudinal band from anterior margin to near middle of elytron, basally distinctly arched, arched close to scutellum, less so toward its apex, moderately abruptly widened near its midlength, then gradually narrowed toward its apex; zig-zag band dorsally on basal half, internally fused with the former band; short, oblique band laterally on anterior quarter; wide band on inclined area of basal quarter, gradually denser toward its apex; rounded spot on each side near middle of elytra; J-shaped pubescent band on about posterior quarter, denser, widened on its basal area, narrowed centrally, sparser on its distal area; rounded spot on each side of posterior quarter. Legs. Femora with yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument; profemora fusiform; mesofemora pedunculate-clavate; metafemora gradually widened from base to apex. Tibiae with yellowbrown pubescence partially obscuring integument, darkened on dorsodistal quarter of mesotibiae; mesotibiae with short, thick, abundant suberect black setae dorsally on distal third; metatibiae with short, thick, sparse suberect black setae dorsally and laterally. Metatarsomere I 1.35 times longer than II–III together.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with pale-yellow pubescence slightly denser laterally, except glabrous distal area of I–IV, and basal area of V; distal margin of ventrite V widely, distinctly concave.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 9.50; prothoracic length, 1.55; anterior prothoracic width, 1.85; posterior prothoracic width, 2.65; humeral width, 2.95; elytral length, 6.80.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from COLOMBIA, Magdalena: road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.101944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.1252775" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.101944/lat 11.1252775)">Minka-Cerro Kenedy</a> (11º07’31”N / 75º06’07”W; 1000 m), 7-8.VI.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP).</p><p>Remarks. Lepturges (Lepturges) brechlini sp. nov. is similar to L. (L.) funereus Monné, 1976 (Fig. 28), but differs by the elytral pubescence pattern, and by the posterolateral angles of the prothorax not spiniform. It also differs from L. (L.) amabilis Bates, 1863 (Fig. 26) by the elytral pubescence pattern, and by the pale-yellowish color of this pubescence (grayish in L. (L.) amabilis). Lepturges (Lepturges) brechlini can be separated from L. (L.) hahneli Gilmour, 1959 (Fig. 27) by the elytral pubescence pattern, and shorter antennae (2.45 times elytral length in the new species, about 3 times elytral length in male of L. (L.) hahneli). Lepturges (Lepturges) brechlini resembles L. (L.) perelegans Bates, 1863 by the similar pattern of the elytral pubescence, but differs by the elytra slightly longer than 4 times the prothoracic length (slightly longer than 3 times in L. (L.) perelegans).</p><p>Etymology. The new species is dedicated to Ronald Brechlin (Germany), saturniid and sphingid (Lepidoptera) specialist. Ronald has organized, financed and participated in numerous entomological expeditions in Central and South America over the last few decades.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE8692CFF736EFBD75AAF3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE6692DFF73692FD625ACD1.text	813A87B0FFE6692DFF73692FD625ACD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudosparna antonkozlovi Santos-Silva & Nascimento & Kozlov 2019	<div><p>Pseudosparna antonkozlovi Santos-Silva &amp; Nascimento, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 29–32)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument mostly dark brown, almost black on some areas; anterior area of labrum reddish brown; pronotum with longitudinal brown band on each side, not reaching anterior margin; elytra with longitudinal brown band on each side of anterior half, brownish along suture (gradually lighter toward posterior quarter), yellowish brown on about posterior third (anterior margin of this area arched), except light reddish brown band close to apex; trochanteres orangish (more pale yellow depending on light intensity); profemora narrowly orangish on base (more pale yellow depending on light intensity); basal quarter of mesofemora, and basal eight of metafemora orangish (more pale yellow depending on light intensity).</p><p>Head. Frons finely, sparsely punctate; with abundant yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes with dense, longitudinal yellow pubescent band along median groove; remaining surface with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument; remaining surface o vertex with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument, gradually shorter, less conspicuous toward prothoracic margin. Area behind and close to eyes with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument close to vertex, gradually yellower, wider toward lower eye lobes; remaining surface of the area behind upper eye lobes glabrous. Antennal tubercles with pubescence as on frons frontally, slightly brownish toward upper eye lobe. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area between upper eye lobes. Genae with sculpturing and pubescence as on frons except smooth, glabrous distal area. Postclypeus narrow, with sparse, bristly yellowish setae on wide central area, glabrous laterally. Labrum with decumbent yellowish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect dark setae, and fringe of nearly golden setae on anterior margin. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.19 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.37 times length of scape. Antennae 2.1 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere VI; with yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, more conspicuous on scape; ventral surface of scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–VI with long, erect dark setae, shorter, sparser toward VI; antennomeres VII–VIII with a few short, erect dark setae dorsally; antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.05; pedicel = 0.10; IV = 0.82; V = 064; VI = 0.61; VII = 0.60; VIII = 0.60; IX = 0.59; X = 0.55; XI = 0.48.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum moderately coarsely punctate on posterior quarter, and on each side of central area (more abundantly on posterior quarter); with a few long, erect dark setae on sides of posterior area; with brownish pubescence partially obscuring integument, except: wide, dense, longitudinal pubescent band on each side, from posterior margin to anterior quarter (more yellowish brown anteriorly); yellowish-white pubescent macula on each side of posterior area, close to yellow pubescent band. Sides of prothorax with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument on wide area close to pronotum, denser, yellowish (more whitish depending on light intensity) close to prosternum. Prosternum with yellowish pubescence (more whitish depending on light intensity), partially obscuring integument laterally, shorter, not obscuring integument centrally. Prosternal process with pubescence as on central area of prosternum, except denser, bristly pubescence at apex. Mesoventrite with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument (more whitish depending on light intensity). Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron, and metanepisternum with yellowish-brown pubescence (more greenish-brown depending on light intensity), denser on metanepisternum. Metaventrite with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument on wide central area (somewhat greenish depending on light intensity), yellowish white on remaining surface. Scutellum with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument. Elytra. Moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal half, distinctly finer, sparser on posterior half; apex obliquely truncate, with outer angle distinctly spiniform, and sutural angle rounded; with long, erect, sparse dark setae throughout; pubescence as follows: dense yellow pubescent band on each side of basal half, narrowed at about its basal second quarter; yellow pubescent band along suture, from scutellum to posterior light area of elytra; entirely yellow on posterior light area; remaining pubescence brownish, slightly more yellowish-brown between yellow pubescent bands. Legs. Femora and tibiae with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument (more yellowish brown on dorsal surface of profemora); ventral surface of protibiae with bristly, black pubescence on posterior half; dorsal surface of meso- and metatibiae with thick, erect, abundant black setae on posterior half (more so in mesotibiae); meso- and metatibiae with moderately long, erect, sparse dark setae throughout. Metatarsomere I twice length of II–III together.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with yellowish pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous centroposterior area of III–IV; apex of ventrite V truncate, with outer sides distinctly spiniform.</p><p>Female. Differs from male only by the outer apical angles of abdominal ventrite V shortly spiniform.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), holotype male/ paratype female. Total length, 9.10/8.70; prothoracic length, 1.30/1.20; anterior prothoracic width, 1.15/1.20; posterior prothoracic width, 1.40/1.40; maximum prothoracic width, 1.70/1.70; humeral width, 2.10/2.10; elytral length, 6.80/6.90.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male (MZSP), and paratype female (AKPC) from COLOMBIA, Huila: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.224724&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.6736112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.224724/lat 1.6736112)">Palestina</a> (Parque Nacional Cueva de los Guácharos; 01º40’25”N / 76º13’29”W; 2200 m), 16-18.IV.2018, V. Sinyaev col.</p><p>Remarks. Pseudosparna antonkozlovi differs from all other species of the genus by the antennomere IV entirely dark (at least partially yellowish or whitish in the other species), and by the yellowish-brown posterior third of the elytra, covered with dense yellow pubescence (not so in the other species).</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named in honor of our friend Anton Olegovich Kozlov, third author of this work, for donating the holotype for the MZSP collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE6692DFF73692FD625ACD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE76928FF736B64D057ABB9.text	813A87B0FFE76928FF736B64D057ABB9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hyperplatys ushveridzei Santos-Silva & Nascimento & Kozlov 2019	<div><p>Hyperplatys ushveridzei Santos-Silva, Nascimento &amp; Kozlov, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 33–36)</p><p>Description. Female. Integument mostly dark brown, almost black dorsally; mentum reddish brown; apex of last palpomeres reddish; apex of labrum yellowish brown; antennomere III brown, darker at apex; antennomeres IV–VI light reddish brown except dark-brown apex; antennomere VII entirely brown (missing remaining antennomeres); posterior quarter of pronotum slightly reddish brown; trochanters yellowish brown; metacoxae mostly dark reddish brown; base of femora slightly reddish brown; apex of abdominal ventrite IV reddish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons finely, densely punctate; with sparse whitish pubescence close to clypeus, yellowish-brown, abundant, not obscuring integument between eyes (except whitish pubescence close to inferior area of eyes), brownish, abundant, not obscuring integument toward antennal tubercles. Vertex with sculpturing as on frons; area between antennal tubercles abruptly depressed; area between antennal tubercles with brownish pubescence, abundant, not obscuring integument, except glabrous median groove; remaining surface of vertex with yellowish-brown pubescence centrally, yellowish-white laterally, both abundant, not obscuring integument, except glabrous area close to abrupt depression. Area behind upper eye lobes with dense yellowish-white pubescence (whiter depending on light intensity) close to eye, sparser, yellowish-brown on remaining surface; area behind lower eye lobes with dense yellowish-white pubescence (whiter depending on light intensity) close to eye, glabrous on remaining surface. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing as on frons with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument, except yellowish-brown pubescence on apex. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area between upper eye lobes. Genae with sparse yellowish-white pubescence (whiter depending on light intensity) except glabrous distal area. Postclypeus with a few short yellowish-white setae (whiter depending on light intensity) on wide central area, glabrous laterally; with long, erect, sparse dark setae on wide central area. Labrum convex, inclined on anterior area; posteriorly with sparse yellowish-white pubescence interspersed with long, erect dark setae, anteriorly with sparse yellowish-brown pubescence, and fringe of short yellowish setae at anterior margin. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous, except anterior area narrowly depressed, with short, sparse brownish setae interspersed with long, erect dark setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.38 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.64 times length of scape. Antennae (scape to apex of antennomere VII, which appears to be broken at apex) 1.5 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere VI; scape with yellowish-brown pubescence dorsally, whitish on remaining surface; antennomeres with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, partially yellowish from IV; pedicel and antennomere III with a few short, thick dark setae ventrally; antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.84; pedicel = 0.09; IV = 0.88; V = 0.73; VI = 0.71; VII = 0.38.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 1.8 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); sides gradually widened from anterolateral angles to apex of lateral tubercle, which is nearly acute, slightly directed backward. Pronotum finely, densely punctate except sparser punctures toward lateral tubercles of prothorax, and coarse punctures on posterior quarter; pubescence abundant, not obscuring integument, mostly white except inverted U-shaped yellowish-brown pubescence on center of anterior half, and irregular, moderately small spot with yellowish-brown pubescence on each side of midlength; with a few long, erect dark setae on sides of posterior quarter. Sides of prothorax with abundant yellowish-white pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly whiter close to anterior margin and prosternum. Prosternum with abundant white pubescence laterally, gradually sparser toward central area; prosternal process with pubescence as on prosternum on basal half, distinctly sparser on posterior half. Mesoventrite and mesoventral process with white pubescence, distinctly sparser on center on mesoventrite. Mesanepisternum, mesepimeron and metanepisternum with light yellowish-brown pubescence partially obscuring integument. Metaventrite with dense white pubescence laterally, sparser centrally. Scutellum with dense white pubescence partially obscuring integument. Elytra. Coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate on basal half, gradually sparser toward apex; apex obliquely truncate; humeral carina well-marked at about basal 2/3, slightly distinct at posterior third; circum-scutellar area somewhat tumid; with abundant white pubescence partially obscuring integument, dorsally, yellowish-brown laterally, except the following areas with distinctly sparse yellowish-brown pubescence: W-shaped area (considering both elytra) on center of anterior quarter; several circular spots dorsally. Legs. Femora with abundant white pubescence not obscuring integument. Tibiae with abundant white pubescence not obscuring integument, except posterior third of ventral surface with dark yellowish-brown bristly setae, and dorsal sulcus of mesotibiae with dark setae; ventral surface of meso- and metatibiae with short, erect, thick dark setae. Metatarsomere I about as long as II–III together.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, sparser centrally in I–IV; V with a few long, erect dark setae posteriorly; posterior margin of V-emarginated.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 5.00; prothoracic length, 0.70; anterior prothoracic width, 0.90; posterior prothoracic width, 1.05; maximum prothoracic width, 1.25; humeral width, 1.65; elytral length, 3.70.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from COLOMBIA, Cundinamarca: Gachalá (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.417496&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.7005553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.417496/lat 4.7005553)">Vereda El Naranjal</a>; 04º42’02”N / 73º25’03”W; 2170 m), 01-02.VI.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP).</p><p>Remarks. Hyperplatys ushveridzei sp. nov. is similar to H. maculata Haldeman, 1847, and H. montana Casey, 1913, but differs by the lateral tubercles of the prothorax slightly directed backward (strongly in H. maculata and H. montana), and absence of oblique band with sparse pubescence on posterior third (present in H. maculata and H. montana). It is also similar to H. pusillus nigrisparsus (Bates, 1885), but differs by the absence of wide macula with sparse pubescence on posterior third (present in H. pusillus nigrisparsus).</p><p>Etymology. The new species is dedicated Giya Shalvovich Ushveridze (Moscow, Russia), a collector of insects. He is a personal friend of the third author, who in this way wishes to express his gratitude and respect for him.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE76928FF736B64D057ABB9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE26929FF736D93D1C8A8B5.text	813A87B0FFE26929FF736D93D1C8A8B5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Periestola Breuning 1943	<div><p>Periestola Breuning, 1943, revalidated</p><p>Periestola Breuning, 1943: 54; 1974: 44 (rev.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1992: 252 (syn.); Monné, 1994: 37 (cat.); Martins &amp; Galileo, 1998: 265 (transf.); Monné, 2005: 121 (cat.); Monné, 2012: 73; Monné &amp; Monné, 2018b: 289 (syn.). Paracobelura Monné &amp; Martins, 1976: 85 .</p><p>Breuning (1943) described Periestola to include his new species P. strandi, from Costa Rica (Cartago, Turrialba). Posteriorly, Breuning (1974) redescribed the genus as follows (translated): “Elongate. Antennae thin, a quarter longer than the body, fringed with short setae; scape very long and thin, antennomere III distinctly longer than IV, as long as scape, IV distinctly longer than V. Antennal tubercles distant from each other and slightly salient. Eyes very finely faceted and strongly emarginate, with lower eye lobes slightly long than wide. Frons convex, as long as wide. Vertex with deep, central, longitudinal sulcus. Pronotum transverse, short, convex, regularly rounded laterally, with two slender, transverse sulci, one anteriorly, another posteriorly. Elytra long, moderately convex, distinctly larger than pronotum, emarginate at apex (sutural angle slightly projected, outer angle projected with a distinctly triangular acute spine). Head not retractile. Prosternal process very wide, less elevated than the coxae and arched. Mesoventral process wide, centrally with a longitudinal carina slightly elevated. Metaventrite with normal length. Mesocoxal cavities open. Legs very long, the femora claviform, the mesotibiae emarginated.” Breuning (1943) did not mention the tribe of Periestola, but according to Breuning (1974), it belonged to Rhodopinini Gressitt, 1951 . Actually, that was an incomprehensible act, since Breuning (1974) considered two older tribes as synonymous of Rhodopinini: Desmiphorini Thomson, 1860; Estolini Lacordaire, 1872. Currently, nearly all genera included in Rhodopinini by Breuning (1974) belong to Desmiphorini, and Rhodopinini is considered a distinct tribe.</p><p>Monné &amp; Martins (1976) described Paracobelura to their new species, P. curiosa, from Costa Rica (Cartago, Turrialba) as follows (translated): “Upper eye lobes as distant from each other as triple of width of one lobe; lower eye lobes 1.5 times genal length.Antennae slightly longer than body in both sexes, 11-segmented. Scape elongate, cylindrical, notched at inner side of base, subequal in length to antennomere III.Antennomere III longer than IV,also slightly notched at base; remaining antennomeres gradually decreasing in length. Prothorax unarmed laterally, slightly constricted basally.Pronotum irregular,without distinct tubercles, with two slightly distinct gibbosities anteriorly.Prosternal process with same width of one procoxa. Mesoventral process without tubercle, with2/3 of width of one mesocoxa. Elytra without erect setae, without centrobasal crest, with slightly elevated carina, parallel to suture, more distinct on apical half. Elytral apex obliquely emarginated (sutural angle barely projected, and outer angle spiniform). Femora short, thickened at middle; posterior ones do not reaching elytral apex; in males, with longitudinal sulcus ventrally. Protibiae widened at apex in both sexes. Metatarsomere I not elongated. Last abdominal segments—Male: dorsal truncated, ventral emarginated; female: dorsal narrowed and acuminated toward apex, ventral truncated.” Monné &amp; Giesbert (1992) synonymized Paracobelura with Periestola, and Paracobelura curiosa with Periestola strandi . Martins &amp; Galileo, 1998 transferred Periestola to Desmiphorini, but the transferance had already been established by Monné &amp; Giesbert (1992).</p><p>Monné &amp; Monné (2018) synonymized Periestola with Cobelura Erichson, 1847: “Examination of a specimen of Periestola strandi Breuning, 1943, described originally as belonging to the tribe Desmiphorini ( Rhodopinini Breuning, 1943, 1974), allowed us to propose the synonymy of Periestola Breuning, 1943 with Cobelura Erichson, 1847 . Consequently, Cobelura inornata Monné &amp; Monné, 2017 is a junior synonym of Periestola strandi Breuning 1943 .”</p><p>Actually, the prothoracic shape of the type species of Periestola strandi (Figs. 37–39), and especially the strongly different form of the scape (noticeably narrow basally, and distinctly widened at apex—clavate), leads us to conclude that Periestola is not equal to Cobelura (see photographs of the types of Acanthosphenopsilus flavocinctus Tippmann, 1960, Probatius choliniformis Lane, 1956 [both equal to Cobelura lorigera Erichson, 1847], Sphenopsilus claviger Bates, 1885, Cobelura sergioi Monné, 1984, and Cobelura stockwelli Corbett, 2004 at Bezark 2018a). However, we understand the reasoning, because when the synonymy was proposed, four species with unusual features were included in Cobelura: C. howdenorum Corbett, 2004; C. raphaeli Monné &amp; Monné, 2017; C. wappesi Corbett, 2004; and C. inornata Monné &amp; Monné, 2017 . Thus, it was Corbett (2004) who first included species with different scape and pronotal shape in Cobelura .</p><p>Accordingly, Periestola is revalidated as a different genus from Cobelura, and kept in Acanthocinini . The following species are allocated in Periestola, besides the type species of the genus: P. howdenorum, comb. nov.; P. raphaeli, comb. nov.; and P. wappesi, comb. nov. The later is provisionally included in Periestola, but, apparently, it does not belong to this genus and, evidently, not to Cobelura, too. However, only examination of specimens of P. wappesi will allow us to correctly allocate the species.</p><p>As it was not mentioned in the original descriptions, and because it is not possible to see in the photographs of the type specimens, we do not know if the basal notch in the scape is present in P. howdenorum and P. raphaeli (apparently, it is present in both species). Thus, we do not know if this feature is specific or generic.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE26929FF736D93D1C8A8B5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE36929FF736E97D16DAC42.text	813A87B0FFE36929FF736E97D16DAC42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Periestola strandi Breuning 1943	<div><p>Periestola strandi Breuning, 1943</p><p>(Figures 37–39)</p><p>Periestola strandi Breuning, 1943: 54; 1963: 506 (cat.); 1974: 45; Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1992: 252 (syn.); Chemsak et al., 1992:</p><p>121 (checklist); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 252 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 37 (cat.); 2005: 121 (cat.); Lingafelter et al., 2014:</p><p>325 (holotype). Cobelura strandi; Monné &amp; Monné, 2018: 289 (syn.); Monné, 2018b: 37 (cat.); Bezark, 2018b: 52 (distr.). Cobelura inornata Monné &amp; Monné, 2017: 255 . Paracobelura curiosa Monné &amp; Martins, 1976: 85; Chemsak et al., 1992: 144 (checklist); Julio et al., 2000: 47 (holotype); Monné &amp; Monné, 2016: 49 (holotype). Syn. nov. Cobelura curiosa; Monné &amp; Monné 2018: 290 (reinst.); Monné, 2018b: 36 (cat.).</p><p>Monné &amp; Monné (2018) revalidated Periestola curiosa, stating: “Monné, M.A. &amp; Giesbert, 1992: 252 proposed the synonymy of Paracobelura curiosa with Periestola strandi Breuning, 1943, but a detailed examination of both species allowed us to propose the reinstatement and the new combination of Paracobelura curiosa . Cobelura curiosa can be distinguished from C. strandi by the sides of the pronotum covered with yellowish pubescence, the elytra with three longitudinal rows of linear spots of yellowish pubescence, and the extremity of the elytra less projected than in C. strandi . In C. strandi, the pronotum is uniformly covered with brownish pubescence, the elytra lacks [sic] longitudinal rows of yellowish pubescence, and the extremity of each elytron is strongly and acutely projected.” Notwithstanding, comparison of the photographs of the types of Paracobelura curiosa (Fig. 37; see also Bezark 2018a), Periestola strandi (Fig. 39; see also Bezark 2018a), and Cobelura inornata (see Bezark 2018a) shows that the pronotal and elytral pubescence as the same, being only more evident in some specimens (Fig. 38), and partially lost or less evident in other (Figs. 37, 39). Accordingly, Paracobelura curiosa is formally considered a junior synonym of Periestola strandi .</p><p>Material examined. COSTA RICA, Catargo: Turrialba, paratype female of Paracobelura curiosa, Heyne col. (MZSP) . PANAMA (new country record), Chiriquí: near Volcan ( Mount Totumas Cloud Forest; 8º53’6.01”N / 82º4’’1.32”W; 1920 m), 2 males, V-VI.2018, A. Kozlov &amp; Y. Kovaleva col. (MZSP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE36929FF736E97D16DAC42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE3692AFF736A8CD684AB55.text	813A87B0FFE3692AFF736A8CD684AB55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nealcidion napoensis Nascimento & McClarin 2018	<div><p>Nealcidion napoensis Nascimento &amp; McClarin, 2018</p><p>(Figures 40–43)</p><p>Nealcidion napoensis Nascimento &amp; McClarin, 2018: 385 .</p><p>This species was recently described from Ecuador (Napo), based on a single male. The second known specimen examined is a female from Colombia (Putumayo), and represent a new country record.</p><p>The female specimen differs from the male as follows: central area of elytra with dense cream pubescence (with brownish pubescence in the holotype male); femora slender, widest area of metafemora about 1.5 times maximum width of the scape (femora wider, especially metafemora, about 2.0 times in the holotype male); distal margin of abdominal ventrite V slightly emarginate centrally (widely, deeply emarginate in the holotype male); apex of the last abdominal tergite distinctly, acutely projected (slightly projected with blunt apex in the holotype male). The antennal length is about the same length as in the holotype male.</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA (new country record), Putumayo: road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.74611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.0711112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.74611/lat 1.0711112)">San Francisco—Mocoa</a> (01º04’16”N / 76º44’46”W; 2940 m), 1 female, 21.IV.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE3692AFF736A8CD684AB55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE0692AFF736DF7D1F8A999.text	813A87B0FFE0692AFF736DF7D1F8A999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amniscites pictipes (Bates 1863)	<div><p>Amniscites pictipes (Bates, 1863)</p><p>(Figure 44)</p><p>Amniscus pictipes Bates, 1863a: 104; Lacordaire, 1872: 762; Gemminger, 1873: 3148 (cat.); Aurivillius, 1923: 391 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 611 (checklist);</p><p>Amniscites pictipes; Gilmour, 1957: 4; 1965: 562 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 239 (checklist); Monné, 1995: 43 (cat.); Monné, 2005: 14 (cat.); Wappes et al., 2006: 34 (distr.); Monné et al., 2010: 244 (distr.); Swift et al., 2010: 35 (distr.); Monné &amp; Monné, 2012: 283; Wappes et al., 2013: 8 (distr.); Nascimento et al., 2016: 558, 566 (distr.); Nascimento et at., 2017: 88 (distr.); Monné, 2018b: 13 (cat.).</p><p>Amniscus pictipes was originally described from Brazil (Amazonas, Rio de Janeiro). Currently, it is known from Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina) (Monné 2018b).</p><p>Material examined (only new record). COLOMBIA (new country record), Cauca: 42 km road Mocoa— <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.49389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.3636111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.49389/lat 1.3636111)">Pitalito</a> (01º21’49”N / 76º29’38”W; 1100 m), 1 female, 15-15.II.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE0692AFF736DF7D1F8A999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE0692AFF736FB3D4B1AFAC.text	813A87B0FFE0692AFF736FB3D4B1AFAC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onalcidion tavakiliani Audureau 2013	<div><p>Onalcidion tavakiliani Audureau, 2013</p><p>(Figure 45)</p><p>Onalcidion tavakiliani Audureau, 2013: 36; Monné, 2018b: 146 (cat.).</p><p>This species was described based on a single female from Colombia (Boyacá). The females examined were collect- ed in two other departments in Colombia. The male of the species remains unknown. The three known specimens inhabit mountainous regions.</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA, Cundinamarca (new department record): road Granada—Soacha (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.30972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5286107" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.30972/lat 4.5286107)">El Soche</a>; 04º31’43”N / 74º18’35”W; 1050 m), 1 female, 16-21. VI .2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) . Huila (new department record): Neiva (Vereda La Plata, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.07611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.7391667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.07611/lat 2.7391667)">Balsillas</a>; 02º44’21”N / 75º04’34”W; 2130 m), 1 female, 05.II.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE0692AFF736FB3D4B1AFAC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFE0692AFF7369A1D1C7AD55.text	813A87B0FFE0692AFF7369A1D1C7AD55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trypanidius irroratus Monne & Delfino 1980	<div><p>Trypanidius irroratus Monné &amp; Delfino, 1980</p><p>(Figure 46)</p><p>Trypanidius irroratus Monné &amp; Delfino, 1980: 320; Galileo &amp; Martins, 2003b: 265 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 145 (cat.); Carelli et al., 2013: 259; Galileo et al., 2016: 16 (distr.); Monné, 2018b: 193 (cat.).</p><p>This species was originally described from Venezuela (Aragua). Currently, it is known from Colombia (Boyacá), Venezuela (Aragua), and Ecuador (Monné 2018b). The specimen examined allows adding a new department record in Colombia.</p><p>Material examined (only new record). COLOMBIA, Putumayo (new department record): road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.74611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.0711112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.74611/lat 1.0711112)">San Fran-cisco—Mocoa</a> (01º04’16”N / 76º44’46”W; 2940 m), 1 female, 21.IV.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFE0692AFF7369A1D1C7AD55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFFE6934FF736CD7D141AEA0.text	813A87B0FFFE6934FF736CD7D141AEA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anisopodus lignicola Bates 1863	<div><p>Anisopodus lignicola Bates, 1863</p><p>(Figures 47–48)</p><p>Anisopodus lignicola Bates, 1863b: 287; Aurivillius, 1923: 397 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 613 (checklist); Gilmour, 1965: 568 (cat.); Rémillet, 1988: 133 (distr.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 240 (checklist); Monné, 1995: 65 (cat.); Tavakilian et al., 1997: 338 (hosts); Monné, 2001: 6 (cat. hosts); 2005: 19 (cat.); Wappes et al., 2006: 34 (distr.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 176 (checklist); Morvan &amp; Roguet, 2013: 4 (distr.); Monné, 2018b: 19 (cat.).</p><p>Anisopus lignicola: Gemminger, 1873: 3150 (cat.).</p><p>Anisopodus humeralis Bates, 1863b: 288; Aurivillius, 1923: 396 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 613 (checklist); Gilmour, 1965: 568 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 240 (checklist); Monné, 1995: 65 (cat.); 2005: 19 (cat.); Wappes et al., 2006: 34 (distr.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 176 (checklist); Swift et al., 2010: 35 (distr.); Maes et al., 2010b: 402 (distr.); Wappes et al., 2013: 8 (distr.); Lingafelter et al., 2017: 145; Monné, 2018b: 19 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Anisopus humeralis; Gemminger, 1873: 3150 (cat.).</p><p>Bates (1863b) described Anisopodus lignicola (Fig. 48) based on syntypes (number of specimens not stated) from Brazil (“ Pará and the banks of the Tapajos”). In the same work he described Anisopodus humeralis (Fig. 47) based on a single specimen from Brazil (Amazonas—“S. Paulo, Upper Amazons [S„o Paulo de Olivença]”). Still according to him, “It is possible, notwithstanding the great difference in colour, that it [ A. humeralis] may be but a local variety of A. lignicola .” Besides differences in color reported by Bates (1863b), which evidently are only variations of the same species, there are no other differences between the holotype of A. humeralis and the syntypes of A. lignicola . Furthermore, one of the syntypes of A. lignicola, photographed by Jesus de Santiago Moure in the 1970s, has the general color nearly identical to that of the holotype of A. humeralis . Accordingly, A. humeralis is considered a junior synonym of A. lignicola .</p><p>Currently, A. lignicola occurs in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará), Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz) (Monné 2018b).</p><p>Material examined (all from the MZSP collection). BOLIVIA, Cochabamba: Villa Tunari, 4 males, 2 females, 10-25.XI.1992, G. Arriagada col. BRAZIL, Amazonas: Tapuruquara ( Rio Negro), 1 male, 2 females, 1.XII.1962, J. Bechyné col. ; Borba ( Rio Madeira), 1 female, V.1952 , former Dirings collection. Pará: Oriximiná ( Boca do Cuminá-Miri), 1 female, 16-26.I.1968, Expediç „o Permanente Amazonas col. Maranhão (new state record): Igarapé Gurupi-Uma (Aldeia Araçu; 50 km E Canindé), 1 male, 1 female, V.1963, B. Malkin col.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFFE6934FF736CD7D141AEA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFFE6934FF7368AAD68BAD49.text	813A87B0FFFE6934FF7368AAD68BAD49.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Desmiphorini Thomson 1860	<div><p>DESMIPHORINI</p><p>Icublabia multispinosa Galileo &amp; Martins, 2003</p><p>(Figures 49–58)</p><p>Icublabia multispinosa Galileo &amp; Martins, 2003a: 166; Monné, 2005: 415 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 248 (checklist); Monné, 2018b: 561 (cat.).</p><p>Icublabia was described for a single species, I. multispinosa, also based in a single female from Ecuador (Napo). According to the original description of the genus (translated): “Scape slender, subcylindrical, without apical cicatrix, in side view, curved toward inferior side near apex.” However, the drawing of the original description (Fig. 58) shows the scape extremely narrowed on basal half, then distinctly wined toward apex. Evidently, the scape in the holotype (Figs. 49–52), and in the second known female (Figs. 53–57) are not different. Furthermore, it is distinctly sinuous, which was not mentioned in the description of the genus or species.</p><p>The second known female is nearly identical to the holotype except for the tooth placed after lateral spine of the prothorax. In the holotype, it is jointly protracted with the lateral spine, while in the female from Colombia it is not so, being placed close to the posterior margin of the lateral spine. We believe this is only specific variation.</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA (new country record), Putumayo: road <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.74611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.0711112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.74611/lat 1.0711112)">San Francisco—Mocoa</a> (01º04’16”N / 76º44’46”W, 2940 m), 1 female, 21.IV.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFFE6934FF7368AAD68BAD49	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFFC6930FF736CD7D626AE65.text	813A87B0FFFC6930FF736CD7D626AE65.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blabia antonkozlovi Santos-Silva & Nascimento & Kozlov 2019	<div><p>Blabia antonkozlovi Santos-Silva &amp; Nascimento, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 59–62)</p><p>Description. Male. Integument mostly dark brown; palpi yellowish brown (more reddish-brown on distal palpomeres); central area of gulamentum gradually reddish brown toward prothorax; scape, pedicel and basal 2/3 of antennomere III brown; distal third of antennomere III dark brown; basal quarter of antennomere IV reddish brown, then gradually becoming dark brown toward apex; basal third of antennomeres V–VI orangish brown, then gradually becoming dark brown toward apex; basal half of antennomeres VII orangish brown, then gradually becoming dark brown toward apex; basal 2/3 of antennomeres VIII–X orangish brown, then gradually becoming dark brown toward apex; antennomere XI orangish brown.</p><p>Head. Frons coarsely, abundantly punctate; with fulvous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, slightly yellower close to eyes, interspersed with long, erect brownish setae. Vertex and area behind upper eye lobes with sculpturing and pubescence as on frons, except punctures becoming distinctly sparser behind lower eye lobes, and area surrounding upper eye lobes and superior area of lower eye lobes with dense yellow pubescent band; area close to eyes with sparse, long, erect brownish setae. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing and pubescence as on frons basally, with punctures becoming gradually finer toward apex, and distal area with yellow pubescence. Median groove slightly distinct on frons, distinct from antennal tubercles to prothoracic margin. Genae very finely rugose-punctate; with fulvous pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly denser and yellower close glabrous apex. Postclypeus with sculpturing as on frons on wide central area, smooth laterally; with fulvous, partially bristly pubescence on with central area, interspersed with long, brownish setae, glabrous laterally. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior 2/3, inclined at anterior third; coarsely, confluently punctate on posterior third, nearly smooth on anterior third; with short and long, moderately abundant yellowish setae directed forward. Gulamentum smooth and glabrous on wide posterior area, with fulvous pubescence not obscuring integument on elevated anterior area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.37 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.70 times length of scape. Antennae 2.3 times elytral length, reaching elytral apex at posterior third of antennomere VI; scape sinuous in side view; scape, pedicel and basal 2/3 of antennomere III with fulvous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, except ball of scape with bristly yellow pubescence; posterior third of antennomere III with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument; remaining antennomeres with yellowish pubescence on light area, gradually brownish on dark area; ventral surface of antennomeres with long, erect yellowish setae, gradually sparser, shorter toward distal segments; dorsal surface of antennomeres with short, sparse, erect yellowish setae, slightly more abundant in distal segments; antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.69; pedicel = 0.12; IV = 0.83; V = 0.65; VI = 0.62; VII = 0.57; VIII = 0.54; IX = 0.51; X = 0.47; XI = 0.53.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 1.8 times wider than long (including lateral tubercles); lateral tubercles long, spiniform, inclined upward. Pronotum coarsely, densely punctate; with three moderately elevated gibbosities centrally, nearly fused, forming wide V-shaped gibbosity; with narrow yellow pubescent band on each side, narrow yellow pubescent band centrally, from anterior margin to slightly after middle (forming spot at its apex), yellowish-brown obscuring integument, but not obscuring punctures on remaining surface (slightly more brownish on center of posterior third). Sides of prothorax with sculpturing as on pronotum; with yellowish-brown pubescence obscuring integument, but not obscuring punctures; with a few long, erect, dark setae superiorly, some of them emerging from small tubercle. Ventral surface of thorax with fulvous pubescence, slightly yellower on some areas, somewhat bristly on some areas, especially on prosternal process, partially obscuring integument, but not obscuring punctures; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate; anterior margin of mesoventral process moderately strongly inclined. Scutellum with dense yellow pubescence. Elytra. Coarsely, moderately abundant punctate on basal half, gradually, slightly finer, sparser toward apex; apex truncate, with long spine at outer angle (twice length of pedicel); with oblique, moderately narrow pale-yellow pubescent band, starting laterally slightly before apex of anterior third, ending on suture close to midlength of elytra (together in both elytra V-shaped); humeral area with small, sparse tubercles; area between base and pale-yellow pubescent band with marbled with brownish and yellowish-brown pubescence; area behind pale-yellow pubescent band with wide brownish pubescent band not obscuring integument; remaining posterior area marbled as in basal area. Legs. Trochanters and base of femora with bristly yellow pubescence; remaining surface of femora with fulvous pubescence partially obscuring integument. Tibiae with fulvous pubescence on basal half (basal 2/ 3 in protibiae), not obscuring integument, with yellowish-brown setae on remaining surface, and long, decumbent, sparse whitish setae on meso- and metatibiae. Metatarsomere I about as long as II–III together.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites coarsely, abundantly punctate; with fulvous pubescence nearly obscuring integument, but distinctly exposing punctures, slightly yellower laterally, except glabrous distal area of I–IV; with long, erect paleyellow setae; posterior margin of V widely emarginate.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 12.70; prothoracic length, 2.00; anterior prothoracic width, 2.10; posterior prothoracic width, 2.35; maximum prothoracic width, 3.60; humeral width, 3.80; elytral length, 8.80.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from COLOMBIA, Cesar: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.57389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.515833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.57389/lat 10.515833)">Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta</a> (8 km N Pueblo Bello; 10º30’57”N / 73º34’26”W; 2700 m), 11-12.VI.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP).</p><p>Remarks. Blabia antonkozlovi sp. nov. is slightly similar to Blabia masoni (Aurivillius, 1927) (Figs. 63–64), but differs as follows: upper eye lobes (Fig. 59) slender and more distant from each other than maximum width of the scape; lower eye lobes about as long as gena (Fig. 62); lateral tubercles of the prothorax shorter, with spiniform area about as long as pedicel; oblique band of the elytra distinct, and ending slightly before midlength of the elytra; outer apical spine of the elytra about as long as twice length of the pedicel. In B. masoni, the upper eye lobes (Fig. 64) are wider and about as distant from each other as the maximum width of the scape, lower eye lobes (Fig. 63) distinctly longer than gena, lateral tubercles of the prothorax are longer, with spiniform area distinctly longer than pedicel, oblique band of the elytra slightly distinctly, and ending slightly after midlength of the elytra, and apical spine of the elytra about as long as 4 times length of the pedicel.</p><p>Blabia antonkozlovi can be included in the alternative of couplet “18” from Martins &amp; Galileo (1995) (translated):</p><p>18(9). Elytra apex transversely truncate, with apical spine long and divergent......................................... 18’</p><p>- Elytra apex oblique, with apical spine short, straight or divergent.............................................. 19</p><p>18’(18). Elytra with centrobasal crest moderately distinct; femora and tibiae bicolorous. Colombia (Magdalena)...................................................................................... B. magdalena Martins &amp; Galileo, 1995</p><p>- Elytra without centrobasal crest; femora light only at extreme base, tibiae unicolorous. Colombia (Cesar)................................................................................................. B. antonkozlovi sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named in honor of our friend Anton Olegovich Kozlov, third author of this paper, for donating the holotype for the MZSP collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFFC6930FF736CD7D626AE65	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFFA6930FF7368E7D4B1ADBA.text	813A87B0FFFA6930FF7368E7D4B1ADBA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blabia intricata Martins & Galileo 1995	<div><p>Blabia intricata Martins &amp; Galileo, 1995</p><p>(Figures 65–69)</p><p>Blabia intricata Martins &amp; Galileo, 1995: 588; Martínez, 2000: 97 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 378 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 242; Wappes et al., 2017: 92 (distr.); Monné, 2018: 511 (cat.).</p><p>Blabia intricata was originally described and remains known only from Colombia (Magdalena). According to Martins &amp; Galileo (1995) (translated): “ B. strandiella resembles B. intricata, sp. n., by the antennae relatively short, which surpass the elytral apex only by one antennomere, by the presence of longitudinal yellow pubescent band on center of pronotum, and by the scutellum entirely covered by yellow pubescence. According to Breuning (1974: 194, 197), the lower eye lobes are distinctly shorter than the gena. In B. intricata, sp. n., they are slightly longer than gena. Furthermore, the known geographical distribution of the species is very different.” In fact, B. intricata and B. strandiella (Figs. 70–73) are extremely similar dorsally. However, the information by Breuning (1943, 1974) is accurate, and provides a way to separate those two similar species.</p><p>Nevertheless, Wappes et al. (2017) figured two paratypes (male and female) showing that the antennae in male are distinctly longer, which agrees with the original description (“Antennae reaching the elytral apex at apex of antennomere VIII (male) or X (female)”). Thus, the information regarding the similarity of the antennae between B. intricata and B. strandiella is true only for females.</p><p>Material examined (only new record). COLOMBIA, Cesar (new department record): Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (5 km S Pueblo Bello; Finca Paraíso; 19º20’58’N / 73º33’58”W; 2700 m), 1 male, 13-14.VI .2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFFA6930FF7368E7D4B1ADBA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFF86933FF736D67D626ACCE.text	813A87B0FFF86933FF736D67D626ACCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cycnidolon antonkozlovi Santos-Silva & Nascimento & Kozlov 2019	<div><p>Cycnidolon antonkozlovi Santos-Silva &amp; Nascimento, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 74–78)</p><p>Description. Male. Head black except brown postclypeus, genae, depressed anterior are of gulamentum, and narrow posterior area of gulamentum; mouthparts yellowish brown; labrum light reddish brown; basal 2/3 of mandibles reddish brown, and distal third black; scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–IV dark brown dorsally, more reddishbrown near apex, dark reddish brown ventrally, lighter near apex; antennomeres V–X (missing part of antennomere X and entire XI in left antenna; missing part of antennomere IV and antennomeres V–XI in right antenna) light reddish brown basally, brown on remaining surface; prothorax black except dark reddish-brown anterior area of prosternum, and mostly of prosternal process; ventral surface of meso- and metathorax mostly orangish, darker laterally; elytra black except oblique yellowish-brown macula near base, oblique dorsally, widened on inclined area, oblique whitish macula starting on basal sixth, not reaching suture, reaching lateral margin, whitish band slightly before midlength, transverse dorsally, slightly oblique on inclined area, and narrow yellowish-brown area on apex; peduncle of profemora light reddish brown (more yellowish-brown on some areas); club of profemora brown dorsally and on superior area of sides, reddish-brown ventrally and inferior area of sides; peduncle of meso- and metafemora yellowish-brown (yellower depending on light intensity), and club dark brown (narrow distal area reddish brown); protibiae dark brown except slight lighter distal area; meso- and metatibiae dark brown on basal 3/4, yellowish-brown on distal quarter; protarsi mostly dark brown; meso- and metatarsi yellowish-brown; abdominal ventrites I–III dark brown; ventrite IV dark brown basally, gradually lighter toward apex; abdominal ventrite V reddish-brown basally, gradually yellowish brown toward apex.</p><p>Head. Frontal plate triangular, with a few fine punctures posteriorly, very finely striate on remaining surface; remaining surface of frons finely, moderately abundantly punctate centrally, sparser laterally; frontal plate glabrous, and remaining surface with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous narrow area along median groove. Vertex finely, densely asperate; with whitish pubescence partially obscuring integument. Area behind upper eye lobes with sculpturing as on vertex superiorly, finely, sparsely punctate posteriorly; area close to eye with sparse whitish pubescence superiorly, glabrous posteriorly; remaining surface with sculpturing and pubescence as on vertex. Area between eye lobes and behind lower eye lobes smooth, except a few fine punctures close to lower eye lobes; glabrous except behind and close to lower eye lobe with a few short, decumbent whitish setae, and a few long, erect yellowish setae. Genae finely, sparsely punctate; with short, sparse, decumbent whitish pubescence except glabrous apex. Antennal tubercles smooth, glabrous frontally, with sculpturing and pubescence as on vertex on remaining surface, except smooth and glabrous apex. Median groove distinct from clypeus to area between antennal tubercles. Gulamentum smooth on wide posterior area except a few very fine punctures laterally; anterior area depressed, transversely striate-punctate; wide posterior area glabrous, except a few short whitish setae near depressed area; depressed area with short, sparse, decumbent whitish setae (sparser centrally), interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Eye lobes distinctly separated; distance between upper eye lobes 0.41 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 0.69 times length of scape. Antenna (from base of scape to apex of antennomere IX) 1.95 times elytral length, reaching elytral slightly before midlength of antennomere VIII. Scape with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous distal area of dorsal surface; with sparse whitish pubescence laterally (glabrous on distal area), and nearly glabrous ventrally; with long, erect, sparse yellowish setae dorsally, and a few similar setae on posterior area of sides and ventral surface. Pedicel with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae. Antennomeres III–IV distinctly tumid, not carinate; with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except glabrous basal area (this area larger ventrally); with a few short, erect yellowish setae dorsally, and long, erect yellowish setae ventrally. Antennomeres V–VI carinate dorsally; with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with moderately long, erect yellowish setae dorsally, and distinctly long yellowish setae ventrally. Remaining antennomeres not carinate dorsally, with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with moderately long, erect yellowish setae (more whitish depending on light intensity). Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.85; pedicel = 0.24; IV = 0.67; V = 0.83; VI = 1.02; VII = 1.13; VIII = 1.09; IX = 1.00.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax 1.65 times longer than wide; anterior and posterior constrictions well-marked. Pronotum with five gibbosities, one on each side slightly after apex of anterior third, one on side of base of posterior third, another centrally between anterolateral gibbosities; microsculptured except smooth anterior area, and on central gibbosity; with fine, sparse punctures anteriorly, and a few punctures on remaining surface, from each emerges long, erect, yellowish setae; with whitish pubescence partially obscuring integument, except glabrous anterior area, narrow posterior area, and central gibbosity. Sides of prothorax with whitish pubescence partially obscuring integument, this area reaching procoxal cavity posteriorly, gradually, distinctly narrowed toward anterior area (not reaching anterior margin), interspersed with a few long, erect yellowish setae; remaining surface glabrous. Prosternum with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument close to procoxal cavities, with a few short whitish setae on remaining surface. Prosternal process with sparse whitish pubescence, less conspicuous on posterior area. Ventral surface of meso- and metathorax with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, slightly denser laterally. Scutellum with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument. Elytra. Coarsely, sparsely punctate, with long, erect yellowish setae emerging from some of those punctures; remaining surface with minute, sparse punctures; basal half glabrous; posterior half with whitish pubescence, sparer on some oblique areas; apex with long, acute projection at outer angle, with short, triangular projection at sutural angle. Legs. Femoral peduncles and ventral surface with sparse whitish pubescence (nearly glabrous on profemora), and remaining surface with abundant whitish pubescence, not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae. Tibiae with whitish pubescence not obscuring integument, except posterior third of ventral surface with bristly, short, yellowish setae, interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae. Metatarsomere I as long as II–III together.</p><p>Abdomen. Anterolateral area of ventrites I–II with whitish pubescence partially obscuring integument, interspersed with a few long, erect yellowish setae, and remaining surface with a few short, decumbent whitish setae; ventrites III–IV with whitish pubescence on anterior area (sparser centrally), interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae, glabrous posteriorly; ventrite V glabrous on semicircular centrobasal area and posteriorly, with sparse whitish pubescence on remaining surface, interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae; posterior margin of ventrite V nearly truncate.</p><p>Dimensions (mm). Total length, 8.30; prothoracic length, 1.80; anterior prothoracic width, 1.05; posterior prothoracic width, 1.10; humeral width, 1.55; elytral length, 4.95.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from COLOMBIA, Huila: 25 km SW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.59528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=2.3427777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.59528/lat 2.3427777)">Gigante</a> (02º20’34”N / 75º35’43”W; (777 m), 17.V.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP).</p><p>Remarks. Cycnidolon antonkozlovi sp. nov. is similar to C. binodosum Bates, 1870, but differs as follows: antennomeres III and IV (Fig. 78) gradually narrowed toward apex, not notched posteriorly; antennomere IV shorter, and less tumid; antennomere V proportionally shorter. In C. binodosum (see photograph of the holotype in Bezark 2018a), the antennomeres III and IV (Fig. 79) are more abruptly narrowed posteriorly, and somewhat notched, and antennomere V is proportionally longer.</p><p>Cycnidolon antonkozlovi can be included in the alternative of couplet “15” from Martins &amp; Galileo (2007) (translated):</p><p>15(14). Only antennomere III tumid in male; anterior macula of the elytra wide, triangular, not band-shaped. Peru, Venezuela, Guyana, French Guiana, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará).............................. C. approximatum (White, 1855)</p><p>- Antennomeres III–IV tumid in male; anterior macula of the elytra narrow, band-shaped (not considering the yellowish macula near humerus).....................................................................................15’</p><p>15’(15). Apex of antennomeres III–IV abruptly narrowed, somewhat notched (Fig. 79). Brazil (Amazonas, Pará)............................................................................................... C. binodosum Bates, 1870</p><p>- Apex of antennomeres III–IV gradually narrowed, not notched (Fig. 78). Colombia (Huila)....... C. antonkozlovi sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named in honor of our friend Anton Olegovich Kozlov, third author of this paper, for donating the holotype for the MZSP collection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFF86933FF736D67D626ACCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFF6693CFF736CAFD1C3A861.text	813A87B0FFF6693CFF736CAFD1C3A861.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obrium costaricum Hovore & Chemsak 1980	<div><p>Obrium costaricum Hovore &amp; Chemsak, 1980</p><p>(Figure 80)</p><p>Obrium costaricum Hovore &amp; Chemsak, 1980: 47; Chemsak et al., 1992: 55 (checklist); Monné, 1993b: 13 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 84 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 407 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 104 (checklist); Swift et al., 2010: 23 (distr.); Monné, 2018a: 598 (cat.).</p><p>This species was described based on males and females from Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Puntarenas), and remains known only from this country. It is now recorded from Panama.</p><p>Material examined. PANAMA (new country record), Chiriquí: near Volcan ( Mount Totumas Cloud Forest; 8º53’6.01”N / 82º4’’1.32”W; 1920 m), 1 female, V-VI.2018, A. Kozlov &amp; Y. Kovaleva col. (MZSP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFF6693CFF736CAFD1C3A861	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFF6693DFF736F6ED0B4AB2D.text	813A87B0FFF6693DFF736F6ED0B4AB2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pygmodeon obtusum (Bates 1874)	<div><p>Pygmodeon obtusum (Bates, 1874)</p><p>(Figure 81)</p><p>Heterachthes obtusus Bates, 1874: 221; Aurivillius, 1912: 111 (cat.); Melzer, 1935: 180.</p><p>Ibidion obtusum; Bates, 1880: 33; 1885: 264.</p><p>Compsa obtusa; Lameere, 1883: 15 (cat.).</p><p>Heterachthes obtusa; Blackwelder, 1946: 570 (checklist).</p><p>Pygmodeon obtusum; Martins, 1970: 1181; 1971: 170 (distr.); Chemsak et al., 1992: 53 (checklist); Monné, 1993a: 70 (cat.); Maes et al., 1994: 21 (distr.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 81 (checklist); Noguera &amp; Chemsak, 1996: 399 (checklist); Maes, 1998: 896 (distr.); Turnbow et al., 2003: 13 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 387 (cat.); Hovore, 2006: 373 (distr.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 100 (checklist); Swift et al., 2010: 22 (distr.); Maes et al., 2010a: 357 (distr.).</p><p>Heterachthes obtusus var. segregatus; Melzer, 1935: 180.</p><p>Ibidion obtusum var. segregatum Bates, 1885: 265 .</p><p>Ibidion obtusum var. segretatum; Bates, 1885: pl. 17, fig. 22 (error).</p><p>Bates (1874) described Heterachthes obtusus based on a single female from Nicaragua. Later, Bates (1880) transferred the species to Ibidion Audinet-Serville, 1834 (currently, Neoibidion Monné, 2012), and Bates (1885) described Ibidion obtusum var. segregatum, stating: “The following is an extreme variety, in which all the spots are reduced in size: Var. I. segregatum . Slender and substraight; both elytra with five small yellowish-brown spots.” Melzer (1935) reported in the description of Heterachthes mutabilis (translated): “This new species [ H. mutabilis] is similar to H. chiriquinus and H. integripennis Bates, but differs in the drawing, the sculpture and the form. In a way, it also approaches H. obtusus Bates. Of this species, Bates gives the variety segregatus, which is not listed in Catalogue by Aurivillius. According to the drawing, this variety is extremely deviant in the form of the type, so that one can entertain legitimate doubts that it is a variety.” Martins (1970) considered I. obtusus segregatus as equal to Pygmodeon obtusum . Unfortunately, we could not examine a photograph of the holotype of I. obtusus segregatus . However, if the illustration of the holotype provided by Bates (1885) is accurate, we agree with Melzer (1935), because the species appears to be much more slender than P. obtusum .</p><p>Bates (1880) described Ibidion cribripenne based on a single female from Costa Rica, and Bates (1885) described I. chiriquinum based on a single female from Panama. Martins (1970) synonymized the latter under the former, and reported (translated): “ P. cribripenne can be separated from P. obtusum by the fine and dense sculpturing on vertex, by the upper eye lobes with only 3 rows of ommatidia, by the setae of the inner side of the basal antennomeres more elongated, with about twice the width of the segment (female), by the prothorax more cylindrical, slightly constricted anteriorly and posteriorly, and by the elytral pattern (typical form). Furthermore, in I. cribripenne the general color is more reddish, and the dimensions are smaller.” However, according to Martins (1970), the elytral pattern in P. obtusum is noticeable variable, and they are nearly identical in the holotypes of P. obtusum and P. cribripenne . Unfortunately, we did not examine specimens identified as P. cribripenne . Thus, we are unable confirm if the shape and number of ommatidia in P. cribripenne is really different from that in P. obtusum . However, all specimens of the latter species examined by us have 4 rows of ommatidia in the upper eye lobes.</p><p>Material examined (only specimen of the new record). PANAMA, Chiriquí: near Volcan ( Mount Totumas Cloud Forest; 8º53’6.01”N / 82º4’’1.32”W; 1920 m), 1 male, V-VI.2018, A. Kozlov &amp; Y. Kovaleva col. (MZSP).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFF6693DFF736F6ED0B4AB2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFF7693DFF736DF7D496AEB1.text	813A87B0FFF7693DFF736DF7D496AEB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pantonyssus nigriceps Bates 1870	<div><p>Pantonyssus nigriceps Bates, 1870</p><p>(Figure 82)</p><p>Pantonyssus nigriceps Bates, 1870: 276; Gemminger, 1872: 2824 (cat.); Aurivillius, 1912: 100 (cat.); Bodkin, 1919: 268 (distr.); Williams, 1931: 225; Blackwelder, 1946: 567 (checklist); Zajciw, 1968: 541; 1972: 51 (distr.); 1974: 49 (distr.); Penteado-Dias, 1984: 227; Chemsak et al., 1992: 45 (checklist); Monné, 1993: 80 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 58 (checklist); Martins, 1995: 743; Lingafelter, 1998: 78; Monné, 2005: 231 (cat.); Martins, 2005: 148; Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 70 (checklist); Wappes et al., 2006: 11 (distr.); Monné et al., 2009: 10 (distr); Monné et al., 2010: 240 (distr.); Monné et al., 2016:11 (distr.); Monné, 2018: 337 (cat.).</p><p>This species was originally described from Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Later, Bodkin (1919) reported it from Guyana, Zajciw (1974) from the Brazilian state of Espírito Santo, Chemsak et al. (1992) from Panama, Monné &amp; Giesbert (1994), from Bolivia, and Martins (1995) from the Brazilian state of S„o Paulo. Monné (2018a) did not list Panama and Guyana as countries where the species occurs. However, he recorded the Brazilian states of Paraná and Santa Catarina. We do not know who formally reported P. nigriceps from those two Brazilian states. Furthermore, without examination of the specimens used by Bodkin (1919) and Chemsak et al. (1992) to record the species in Panama and Guyana, we cannot exclude the species from the fauna of those countries. Furthermore, the presence of the species in Colombia reinforces the possibility of the occurrence in Panama and Guyana.</p><p>Material examined (only specimen of the new record). COLOMBIA (new country record), Magdalena: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.09556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.89" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.09556/lat 10.89)">Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta</a> (road San Pablo—La Mica; 10º53’24”N / 74º05’44”W; 270 m), 1 female, 5-6. VI .2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFF7693DFF736DF7D496AEB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
813A87B0FFF7693FFF73689BD1D0AAC9.text	813A87B0FFF7693FFF73689BD1D0AAC9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stizocera geniculata (Pascoe 1866)	<div><p>Stizocera geniculata (Pascoe, 1866)</p><p>(Figure 83)</p><p>Sphaerion geniculatum Pascoe, 1866: 479 . Periboeum geniculatum; Lacordaire, 1868: 319; Gemminger, 1872: 2824 (cat.); Aurivillius, 1900: 409 (distr.). Stizocera geniculata; Gounelle, 1907: 242; Aurivillius, 1912: 99 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 567 (checklist); Zajciw, 1962: 199; 1967: 304; Gilmour, 1968: 138; Martins &amp; Napp, 1983: 80; Monné, 1993: 7 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 63 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 253 (cat.); Martins, 2005: 173; Bezark, 2013: 43 (distr.); Monné, 2018a: 367 (cat.).</p><p>This species was originally described from Brazil, without detailed place. Aurivillius (1900) reported the species from Venezuela, but it was Martins &amp; Napp (1983) who first reported a state in Brazil (Rondônia). More recently, Martins (2005) recorded the species for Brazil (Roraima), and Bezark (2013) for Trinidad and Tobago.</p><p>In Martins &amp; Napp (1983), S. geniculata is only mentioned in the key to species of the genus, as being from Venezuela and Brazil (Rondônia). But, according to Martins (2005) (translated): “Our identification of S. geniculata may not be exact, although the specimens agree with the original description, except in the coloration of the head and prothorax which, according to Pascoe (1866), are “castaneis” or “reddish chestnut.” Our specimens have the head and prothorax dark reddish.” It is true that the holotype has the head and prothorax reddish brown. However the specimens examined by us show that the color is variable, and may be light reddish-brown, dark reddish-brown or nearly dark brown. Also, the elytral apex is somewhat variable, as also occurs in several species of Elaphidiini . According to Martins (2005), he examined two specimens from MZSP collection: “ BRAZIL. Roraima: Baixo Rio Mocajaí (sul de Boa Vista), 2 females, IV-V.1962, E. Dente col.” We have no doubt that both Martins &amp; Napp (1983) and Martins (2005) based the Brazilian state record on the same specimens, and they are from the Brazilian state of Roraima. Thus, we are formally excluding S. geniculata from the Brazilian state of Rondônia.</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA (new country record), Magdalena: Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (road San Pablo—La <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.09556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.89" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.09556/lat 10.89)">Mica</a>; 10º53’24”N / 74º05’44”W; 270 m), 1 female, 5-6. VI .2018, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP). BRA- ZIL, Roraima: Baixo Rio Mocajaí (sul de Boa Vista), 2 females, IV-V.1962, E. Dente col. (MZSP) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/813A87B0FFF7693FFF73689BD1D0AAC9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Nascimento, Francisco E. De L.;Kozlov, Anton Olegovich	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nascimento, Francisco E. De L., Kozlov, Anton Olegovich (2019): The megadiverse fauna of Neotropical Cerambycidae (Coleoptera): Notes, descriptions, new records, new species, and revalidations. Zootaxa 4603 (3): 441-472, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.3.2
