identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
804C87A56925D655FCC1FD86FF13F9AA.text	804C87A56925D655FCC1FD86FF13F9AA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paspalum cangarum C. O. Moura, P. L. Viana & R. C. Oliveira 2018	<div><p>Paspalum cangarum C.O. Moura, P.L.Viana &amp; R.C. Oliveira, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2).</p> <p>Morphologically similar to Paspalum brachytrichum, from which it mainly differs by having 8 to 23 racemes, the proximal branches 7.0– 10.7 cm long, pedicels 0.8–1.5 mm long and spikelets 1.9–2.2 mm long.</p> <p>Type:— BRAZIL. Pará: Parauapebas, Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Serra Sul, Campo úmido metalófilo (canga), 732 m, 06°23’32.6”S, 050°22’04.6”W, 17 March 2011, R. C. Oliveira, W. O. O. Edward, L. Tyski, D. F. Silva 2595 (holotype UB 173916!, isotype MG!).</p> <p>Caespitose perennial. Culms 90–140 cm tall, erect, internodes glabrous, nodes glabrous to densely pubescent, trichomes ca. 2.0 mm long, white. Sheaths 8.0–20.0 cm long, usually longer than the internodes, pilose or glabrous on the abaxial surface, trichomes usually concentrated in the proximal region, up to 4.0 mm long; collar glabrous or with few trichomes, with different color (yellowish to brownish) or inconspicuous. Ligules membranous, 0.3–0.5 mm long, ciliate, cilia ca. 3.0 mm long; auricles absent. Blades 4.5–45 × 0.1–0.3 cm, folded or occasionally flat, linear, base slightly narrower than the sheaths; apex acute, the adaxial surface glabrous or papillose-pilose, abaxial surface glabrous or with trichomes up to 5 mm long, papillose-pilose. Synflorescences terminal, long exserted or included in the sheaths, pyramidal (proximal branches longer than the distal one); racemes 8 to 23, 1–10.7 cm long. Rachis membranous, ca. 0.5 mm wide, glabrous or papillose-pilose, terminating in a spikelet; pedicels solitary 0.8–1.5 mm long, glabrous. Spikelets solitary, 1.9–2.2 × 0.8–1 mm, elliptic, dorsiventrally compressed; lower glume absent; upper glume 1.8–2.1 × 0.8–1 mm, membranous, slender, 5-nerved, nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, usually smaller than the upper anthecium, glabrous; lower lemma 1.9–2.2 × 0.8–1 mm, membranous, 3 or 5-nerved, nerves conspicuous, midnerve present, glabrous; upper anthecium 1.9–2.1 × 0.8–1 mm, cartaceous, stramineous, glabrous, papillose, slightly shiny; lodicules 2, ca. 0.2 mm long; stamens 3, anthers purple. Caryopsis ca. 1.2 × 0.5 mm, elliptic or orbicular, hilum elliptic.</p> <p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the “canga” vegetation, where the species is believed to be endemic.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: — Paspalum cangarum is found in open areas upon the canga vegetation, occurring in open grasslands associated with iron-rich soils. It is endemic to Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil, where it was gathered only in the Serra Sul (S11) and Serra da Bocaina plateaux (Fig. 3).</p> <p>According to the label of the holotype, Parauapebas is the city of the first record; however, the geographic coordinates indicate that the original collection was taken in the neighbouring city, Canaã dos Carajás.</p> <p>Conservation Status: —According to the IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2012), Paspalum cangarum should be classified as endangered, based on the extent of occurrence (EOO) estimated as 727 km 2 and of area of occupancy (AOO) estimated as 144 km 2. The population recorded in the Serra da Bocaina is protected because it is located within the recently created Campos Ferruginosos National Park, a full protection conservation unit. However, the populations of Serra Sul (S11 plateau), located within the limits of the Carajás National Forest, are threatened by mining activities, since this category of conservation unit in Brazil allows sustainable exploration of its natural resources, such as mining (MMA 2014) (Fig. 3), and canga vegetation is usually associated with iron deposits (Jacobi et al. 2007, Viana et al. 2016).</p> <p>Paratypes:— BRAZIL. Pará: Canaã dos Carajás, Serra Sul, S 11 A, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.44528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3158336" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.44528/lat -6.3158336)">Campo</a> graminoso sobre canga, 737 m, 6°18’57”S, 50°26’43”W, 21 March 2012, P. L. Viana, F. Marino, A. J. Arruda, T. B. Jorge, P. B. Meyer 5251 (BHCB); S11 A, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.445835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3180556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.445835/lat -6.3180556)">Campo</a> graminoso, 717 m, 6°19’05”S, 50°26’45”W, 15 January 2016, B. F. Falcão, F. M. A. Peixoto, F. M. G. Santos, S. Sakagawa 64 (MG); S11 B, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.397224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.354722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.397224/lat -6.354722)">Lageado</a> associado a campo graminoso, 715 m, 6°21’17”S, 50°23’50”W, 17 February 2016, B. F. Falcão, F. M. A. Peixoto, F. M. G. Santos, S. Sakagawa 107 (MG); S11 B, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.39528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.351389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.39528/lat -6.351389)">Campo</a> rupestre, 724 m, 6°21’05”S, 50°23’43”W, 31 March 2016, B. F. Falcão, F. M. A. Peixoto, F. M. G. Santos, S. Sakagawa 322 (MG); S11 C, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.38556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.383611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.38556/lat -6.383611)">Vegetação</a> rupestre, 699 m, 6°23’01”S, 50°23’08”W, 16 March 2009, P. L. Viana, L. M. Versieux, L. C. Garcia, V. T. Giorni, L. V. C. Silva, D. F. Silva 4080 (BHCB); S11 D, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.364166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.3944445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.364166/lat -6.3944445)">Campo</a> graminoso sobre canga, 733 m, 6°23’40”S, 50°21’51”W, 20 March 2012, P. L. Viana, F. Marino, A. J. Arruda, T. B. Jorge, P. B. Meyer 5225 (BHCB); estrada S11 D até S11 A, vegetação de campo rupestre (canga), 6°22’17”S, 50°23’04”W, 23 March 2015, L. C. Lobato, F. Peixoto, L. V. Ferriera, A. Rodrigues 4412 (MG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.92389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.319722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.92389/lat -6.319722)">Serra</a> da Bocaina, Campo graminoso/lageado, 721 m, 6°19’11”S, 49°55’26”W, 18 June, 2016, B. F. Falcão, F. M. A. Peixoto, F. S. R. Pena, S. Sakagawa 412 (MG); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.924168&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-6.32" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.924168/lat -6.32)">Serra</a> da Bocaina, Campo graminoso, 723 m, 6°19’12”S, 49°55’27”W, 19 April 2015, B. F. Falcão, F. M. A. Peixoto, F. M. G. Santos, S. Sakagawa 439 (MG).</p> <p>Taxonomic relationships: — Paspalum cangarum is morphologically similar to Paspalum brachytrichum and can be distinguished by the characteristics listed in Table 1. Chase (1939) treats P. brachytrichum as a member of the informal group Recta, comprising plants apparently rare with culms slender, simple; blades slender, folded; and spikelets glabrous or nearly. Within the group Recta, P. brachytrichum and the new species described are the only ones with solitary spikelets. Both species occurs in canga vegetation; however, P. brachytrichum is endemic to Minas Gerais state.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/804C87A56925D655FCC1FD86FF13F9AA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moura, Clapton Olimpio De;Viana, Pedro Lage;Oliveira, Regina Célia	Moura, Clapton Olimpio De, Viana, Pedro Lage, Oliveira, Regina Célia (2018): A new species of Paspalum (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae-Recta group), from the cangas of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil. Phytotaxa 357 (3): 213-219, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.357.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.357.3.6
804C87A56920D652FCC1FB7FFA7BF90F.text	804C87A56920D652FCC1FB7FFA7BF90F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paspalum Linnaeus 1759	<div><p>Key separating the new species from other putatively related groups in the genus Paspalum</p> <p>1. Culms of different lengths freely branching at the base; glume and sterile lemma thin, usually breaking up and/or with hyaline portion................................................................................................................................................... Paspalum “Parviflora” group.</p> <p>- Culms of similar lengths without branching at the base; glume and sterile lemma strong, not breaking up and without hyaline portion................................................................................................................................................................................................2.</p> <p>2. Synflorescences with 2 racemes conjugate or nearly conjugate at the summit of the culm, rarely with more 1 or 2 below.................................................................................................................................................................................. Paspalum “Notata” group.</p> <p>- Synflorescences with one or many racemes not conjugated.............................................................................................................3.</p> <p>3. Spikelets paired.............................................. Paspalum “Caespitosa ” and “Recta” (except species with solitary spikelets) groups.</p> <p>- Spikelets solitary...............................................................................................................................................................................4.</p> <p>4. Lower lemma with 2 nerves and with a V shaped scar....................................................... Paspalum minarum Hackel (1901: 235).</p> <p>- Lower lemma with 3–5 nerves and without a V shaped scar................................................................ 5 (Paspalum “Recta” group).</p> <p>5. Culms 45–70 cm height; racemes 2–5, the proximal ones 2.5–5.5 cm long; pedicels 0.5–1 mm long; spikelets 2.3–2.8 mm long.................................................................................................................................................................................... P. brachytrichum.</p> <p>- Culms 90–140 cm height; racemes 8–23, the proximal ones 7–10.7 cm long; pedicels 0.8–1.5 mm long; spikelets 1.9–2.2 mm long.................................................................................................................................................................................. P. cangarum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/804C87A56920D652FCC1FB7FFA7BF90F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Moura, Clapton Olimpio De;Viana, Pedro Lage;Oliveira, Regina Célia	Moura, Clapton Olimpio De, Viana, Pedro Lage, Oliveira, Regina Célia (2018): A new species of Paspalum (Poaceae, Panicoideae, Paspaleae-Recta group), from the cangas of the Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brazil. Phytotaxa 357 (3): 213-219, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.357.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.357.3.6
