taxonID	type	description	language	source
8705995CFFB1FFEFF2CDF9A0FE57FB7B.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / a 258 f 64 e- 0 d 4 c- 4941 - be 20 - 0 b 5 d 7 8 e 1078 e.	en	Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S., Rodriguez, Juanita (2021): The first true millipede- 1306 legs long. Scientific Reports 11 (23126): 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0
8705995CFFB1FFEFF2CDF9A0FE57FB7B.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Eumillipes persephone Marek, new species.	en	Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S., Rodriguez, Juanita (2021): The first true millipede- 1306 legs long. Scientific Reports 11 (23126): 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0
8705995CFFB1FFEFF2CDF9A0FE57FB7B.taxon	diagnosis	Generic placement and diagnosis. Te genus Eumillipes is placed in the order Polyzoniida, family Siphonotidae, tribe Rhinotini based on the following characters 10, 20; whether the character is diagnostic for the order (O), family (F), or tribe (T) is denoted in parentheses. Head capsule small, conical, elongated into a sharp snout (O) (Fig. 1 C, Supplementary Fig. S 1 A – C). Prozonites and metazonites of trunk rings the same width (O) (Supplementary Fig. S 2 A); prozonites not narrow as in the Siphonophorida. Rings smooth (Supplementary Fig. S 2 B), covered with neither cuticular ornaments nor long setae as in the Siphonophorida. Vertex of head with two macrosetae (O) (Supplementary Fig. S 1 C). Antennae thick with equally sized antennomeres (O) (Fig. 1 C, Supplementary Fig. S 3 A); antennae not strongly elbowed between antennomeres 3, 4 as in the Siphonorhinidae (Siphonophorida). Gnathochilarium reduced to three sclerites: mentum; lef, right stipes (O). Ozopores located (> 180 segments) is well known from the order Siphonophorida, including Illacme plenipes with 192 segments and 750 legs, but it has independently evolved in the Australian order Polyzoniida with Eumillipes persephone bearing up to 1,306 legs and 330 segments. Tis feature (dark branches) has evolved between two and four times in diplopods based on a character state reconstruction using parsimony. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of 312 orthologous sequences with Polydesmida, Stemmiulida, Chordeumatida, Spirostreptida, and Sphaerotheriida as outgroup taxa. Julida, Spirobolida, and other diplopod orders omitted from the analysis. Support values on nodes are bootstrap supports. Numbers in parentheses afer species names are the maximum segment count for the taxon. Species with super-elongation present denoted in bold. Millipede silhouettes sized relative to one other. Diagram created with Adobe Illustrator 2021 (adobe. com / products / illustrator. html). far in from lateral edges of tergites; placed two-thirds the distance from midline laterally to tergal margins (F) (Supplementary Fig. S 2 D). Vasa deferentia open through small conical lobes (penes) on the posterior surfaces of the second leg coxae (F). Telson a complete ring around the anal valves (F) (Supplementary Fig. S 2 D). Tarsal claw with long sigmoid-shaped accessory claw at its base that exceeds the claw in length (F) (Supplementary Fig. S 1 D). Te genus differs from other siphonotid genera by the following characters. Anterior gonopods (i. e., 9 th leg pair) strongly modified with podomeres 3 – 4 fused, not leg-like as in Siphonotini genera (T) (Fig. 1 C, Supplementary figs. S 4, S 5 A). Apex of anterior gonopods distinctly bifurcated into two processes (Fig. 1 C, Supplementary figs. S 4, S 5 A), not a single process as in the genera Rhinotus Cook, 1896 and Siphonoconus Attems, 1930.	en	Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S., Rodriguez, Juanita (2021): The first true millipede- 1306 legs long. Scientific Reports 11 (23126): 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0
8705995CFFB2FFEEF2CDFA9EFA91FEF5.taxon	description	http: // zoobank. org / NomenclaturalActs / 0 AFB 7037 - E 517 - 4 D 05 - 804 B-D 9 AE 1 C 7 B 3 F 47	en	Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S., Rodriguez, Juanita (2021): The first true millipede- 1306 legs long. Scientific Reports 11 (23126): 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0
8705995CFFB2FFEEF2CDFA9EFA91FEF5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Adults of Eumillipes persephone canbedifferentiated fromother polyzoniidangenera andspecies (and commonly encountered millipedes co-occurring with E. persephone in Western Australia) based on the combination of the following characters. Body extremely long and thread-like (width: ♂ 0.92 mm; ♀ 0.95 mm; length: ♂ 54.7 mm; ♀ 95.7 mm). Exoskeleton uniformly pale, cream-colored (Fig. 1 A, Supplementary figs. S 6 – S 8) — with neither dark pigmentation nor longitudinal, nor transverse stripes as in surface-dwelling species (Supplementary Fig. S 9). Adult millipedes with an exceptional number of rings and legs: ♀ up to 330 rings and 1,306 legs, and ♂ upto 208 rings and 818 legs (Supplementary tab. S 1). Headcone-shaped andeyeless (Fig. 1 C, Supplementary Fig. S 1 A – C) — lacking eyes as are present in surface-dwelling species. Ninth and 10 th leg pairs modified into gonopods (Fig. 1 C, Supplementary figs. S 4, S 5). Anterior gonopods (9 th leg pair) highly modified, not leg like, and distinctly bifurcated into two processes (Fig. 1 C, Supplementary figs. S 4, S 5 A). Medial process of the anterior gonopods saddle-shaped — not pointed and recurved as in Siphonotus flavomarginatus Attems, 191121. Lateral process sheath-like and cupping the medial process. Posterior gonopods (10 th leg pair) stylet-like, and in repose threaded through the bifurcated anterior gonopods (Fig. 1 C, Supplementary figs. S 4, S 5 B). Sterna of gonopods with four long, slender, curved setae apically studded with spinules (Supplementary figs. S 4 B, S 5 A).	en	Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S., Rodriguez, Juanita (2021): The first true millipede- 1306 legs long. Scientific Reports 11 (23126): 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0
8705995CFFB2FFEEF2CDFA9EFA91FEF5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Male holotype (WAM T 147101), two female and one male paratypes (WAM T 147100, T 147124, T 146684), and two juveniles (WAM T 147122, T 147123) from Western Australia, ca. 100 km WSW of Norseman, 32 ° 32 ′ 05.9 " S, 120 ° 47 ′ 42.74 " E, 27 May – 4 August 2020, collected by A. J. Mittra and L. P. Masarei (Western Australian Museum).	en	Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S., Rodriguez, Juanita (2021): The first true millipede- 1306 legs long. Scientific Reports 11 (23126): 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0
8705995CFFB2FFEEF2CDFA9EFA91FEF5.taxon	description	Variation. Males have fewer segments and legs; specimen T 147101 has 198 segments and 778 legs (Supplementary Fig. S 7), and T 147100 has 208 segments and 818 legs (Supplementary Fig. S 8). Female specimen T 147124 possesses 330 segments and 1,306 legs (Fig. 1 A, Supplementary Fig. S 6), and T 146684 has 253 segments and 998 legs.	en	Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S., Rodriguez, Juanita (2021): The first true millipede- 1306 legs long. Scientific Reports 11 (23126): 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0
8705995CFFB2FFEEF2CDFA9EFA91FEF5.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Te genus is named because it is the first true millipede with more than 1000 legs. Te name Eumillipes is a combination of the Greek eu-, meaning ‘ true’; Latin mille, ‘ thousand’; and Latin pes, ‘ foot’. It is to be treated as a noun. Te species epithet is derived from the Greek mythological goddess of the underworld, Persephone, who was originally from the surface but was taken to the underworld by Hades.	en	Marek, Paul E., Buzatto, Bruno A., Shear, William A., Means, Jackson C., Black, Dennis G., Harvey, Mark S., Rodriguez, Juanita (2021): The first true millipede- 1306 legs long. Scientific Reports 11 (23126): 1-11, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02447-0
