taxonID	type	description	language	source
86453E45D95AFFA780BB43C1FD819A53.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Phyllagathis rajah resembles P. subacaulis (Cogn.) Cellin. (2003: 93) in having a pleiochasium, but the latter has ventral appendages bending upward and a slightly bifid dorsal spur pointing downward at the base of the anthers (vs. ventral bifid appendages at the base and a slightly prominent and undulating dorsal spur). Phyllagathis rajah is also similar to P. guttata (Stapf) Cellin. (2003: 83), but differs in having a pleiochasium instead of an umbelliform inflorescence (Table 1). pollen grain (SEM); L. Polar view of pollen grain (LM); M: Equatorial view of pollen grain (I – M from the type C. - W. Lin 550). Type: — MALAYSIA. Borneo, Sarawak, Lubok Antu, Batang Ai District, in shade along humid riverside, 1 ° 16 ’ N, 112 ° 02 ’ E, elev. 130 – 200 m, 5 July 2013, C. - W. Lin 550 (holotype TAIF; isotype TNM). Herbs, subacaulescent, prostrate. Stems 3 – 8 cm long, 0.8 – 1.2 cm thick, terete, pale green or reddish, with sparse bristles; nodes congested, slightly succulent, strigose, hairs ca. 8 mm long, red; internodes 0.8 – 2 cm long. Leaves 4 or 6, opposite; thick, chartaceous to slightly succulent, equal or sometime slightly unequal, suborbicular to very broadly ovate, 20 – 29 cm long, 18.5 – 25 cm wide; venation basal, palmate, veins 7 or 9, secondary and tertiary nerves conspicuous, connected, reticulate; base broadly cordate, basal lobes often imbricate, margin crenate to crenulate, ciliate, cilia ca. 1 mm long, apex obtuse to obtuse-acuminate; adaxial surface rugose, dark green, with silvery gray patches between main veins, upper half sparsely setose; hairs red, ca. 2.5 mm long; abaxial surface pale green or reddish, veins prominent and reticulate, bristly; bristles dense red, multiseriate. Petioles 3.5 – 4 (– 10) cm long, slightly grooved or flat, margin villous. Bracts broadly ovate to orbicular, ca. 0.5 mm long, becoming smaller upward, pale green or red, membranaceous, translucent, apex setaceous, red. Inflorescence terminal, a pleiochasium, branches scorpioid; peduncle 3.5 – 7 cm long, with appressed glandular hairs; hairs minute, inconspicuous, pink or carmine. Flowers 5 - merous, pedicel ca. 5 mm long, with minute, glandular hairs. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 3 mm long, 4 mm wide, 10 ribbed, hairy and glandular; hairs sparse, minute, uniseriate, appressed, glands white. Sepals 5, narrowly triangular, ca. 3 mm long, strongly keeled with a pointed extension exceeding the apex and falcately curved inward, entire or 1 or 2 - denticulate. Petals 5, oblique, oblong to obovate, 9 – 11 mm long, 3 – 4 mm wide, white, glabrous, apex truncate, oblique, apiculate. Stamens 10, isomorphic, equal; filaments slightly flattened, 4 – 5 mm long, magenta; anthers narrowly lanceolate, attenuate, curved ventrally, 2.5 – 3 mm long, yellow, pore 1, base ventrally bifid, tuberculate, dorsally slightly prominent, somewhat undulate. Styles filiform, 8 – 9 mm long, glabrous; ovary half as long as hypanthium, crown denticulate, fully connate; placenta axile. Pollen grains tricolporate, spheroidal; 10.7 ± 0.6 × 11.9 ± 0.7 μm (measured by LM); furrow thicken, ca. 2 μm long; exine 1 μm thick, ornamentation muricate (Figure 3, I – M). Fruit widely campanulate, 10 ribbed, up to 8 mm long × 6.5 mm wide (calyx include), placentae disintegrating after seed dehiscence. Distribution and ecology: — Phyllagathis rajah occurs in a few ravines in Batang Ai Dist., Sarawak, Borneo (Figure 1). It grows on humid, steep slopes beside streams in deeply shaded tropical rainforests. Elev. 130 – 200 m. Vernacular name: — Malay King Phyllagathis. Etymology: — The specific epithet derives from the Sanskrit ‘ rajah’, meaning ‘ King’ in the Malay language. Phyllagathis rajah has larger and more magnificent leaves than other species of Phyllagathis in Borneo, with conspicuous stripes and patches on the adaxial surface. In addition, the habitat where it grows is difficult to access. The name ‘ rajah’ indicates its rarity and magnificence.	en	Lin, Che-Wei, Chen, Chien-Fan, T. - Y, Yang, Aleck (2015): Two new taxa of Melastomataceae Trib. Sonerileae: Phyllagathis rajah and Sonerila metallica from Batang Ai, Sarawak, Borneo. Phytotaxa 201 (2): 122-130, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.2
86453E45D95EFFA480BB4690FC469A69.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Sonerila metallica resembles S. nervulosa. It differs in having leaves with 2 (– 4) rows of simple hairs between the main and lateral veins versus bulbous based hairs throughout the leaf surface (Figure 5, B & B). Moreover, the adaxial surface of S. metallica has a bluish tinge (structural coloration), which is lacking in S. nervulosa. Type: — MALAYSIA. Borneo, Sarawak, Lubok Antu, Batang Ai District, 1 ° 16 ’ N, 112 ° 03 ’ E, elev. 105 – 150 m, 5 July 2013, C. W. Lin 551 (holotype TAIF; isotype TNM). Herbs, erect, branched. Stems 5 – 13 cm long, 2.5 – 4 mm thick, terete, with dense appressed red hairs when young, glabrescent. Leaves opposite, extremely unequal. Larger leaves elliptic to obovate, 3.2 – 4.9 cm long, 1.6 – 2.1 cm wide, base oblique, slightly cordate, margin entire to slightly crenulate, tapering toward apex, apex obtuse, with appressed hairs or glabrous; adaxial surface jade green with bluish tinge, sparsely setose in 2 (or 4) rows between main and lateral veins; abaxial surface pale green, glabrous, chartaceous; nerves 3 or 5, abaxial midrib and lateral veins prominent, with dense appressed red hairs; distance ratio of lateral vein to the leaf margin on both concave side and convex side (Hickey 1973) is 1 / 1.2. Smaller leaves suborbicular to obovate-lanceolate, 1.5 – 3.5 mm long, 1 – 1.9 mm wide, adaxially glabrous, sometimes sparsely hairy on margins, abaxially with appressed hairs on veins. Petiole terete, 2.5 – 6 mm long, with densely appressed red hairs. Bracts acicular to linear, rarely oblanceolate, 1.5 – 5 mm long, apex apiculate, abaxially with appressed hairs on veins. Inflorescence an axillary cyme, flowers 3 or 4, with densely appressed red hairs; peduncle 0.5 – 2 mm long. Pedicel 3 mm long, setose. Hypanthium campanulate, 2.5 – 3 mm long, densely red setose. Sepals 3, triangular. Petals 3, white or pink, ovate-lanceolate, asymmetric to slightly asymmetric, 5 – 5.5 mm long, 2 mm wide, adaxially glabrous, abaxially sparsely setose, hairs red. Stamens 3; filaments linear; anthers oblong, obtuse, cream, shorter than filaments, ca. 2.5 mm × 1 mm. Styles filiform, ca. 7 mm long; stigma capitate. Pollen grains heterocolpate, subprolate; 20.9 ± 1.8 × 24.9 ± 2 μm (measured by LM); exine ca. 1 μm thick, ornamentation striate. (Figure 5. K – O). Fruit a capsule, campanulate, 3 – 3.5 × 3.5 – 4 mm, densely hispid-setose. Seeds 0.3 – 0.5 mm long, obovate in lateral view, rounded-triangular in ventral view, ventrally slightly curved, beak-like, dorsally with dense minute papillae or somewhat tuberculate, with 1 – 3 papillae at apex of tubercles. Distribution and ecology: — Known only from Batang Ai Dist., Sarawak, Borneo (Figure 1); in humid, heavily shaded valleys in dipterocarp forests; 105 – 150 m. Vernacular name: — Metallic Sonerila. Etymology: — The epithet derives from the metallic blue sheen of the adaxial leaf surface. The vernacular name refers to the texture of the leaf blades and the bluish color. Notes: — The protologue of Sonerila nervulosa (including subsp. hirsutissima Ridl.) reports the type specimen as having been collected between 600 and 800 m in cloud forests in northeastern Sarawak (Ridley 1946); S. metallica is endemic to southwest Sarawak between 105 and 150 m in tropical lowland rainforests. (LM); N, O. Pollen grain, equatorial view (LM) (I – O from the type C. - W. Lin 551, TAIF).	en	Lin, Che-Wei, Chen, Chien-Fan, T. - Y, Yang, Aleck (2015): Two new taxa of Melastomataceae Trib. Sonerileae: Phyllagathis rajah and Sonerila metallica from Batang Ai, Sarawak, Borneo. Phytotaxa 201 (2): 122-130, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.2.2
