identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
862D87A3FFB4FF9CFC40AB0AFD68783C.text	862D87A3FFB4FF9CFC40AB0AFD68783C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aethaloptera Brauer 1875	<div><p>Genus Aethaloptera Brauer, 1875</p><p>Aethaloptera Brauer, 1875: 71 [Type species: Aethaloptera dispar Brauer, 1875 (by monotypy)].</p><p>Chloropsyche McLachlan, 1880: 69 [Type species: Chloropsyche evanescens McLachlan, (by monotypy); synonymised by Kimmins, 1962: 96].</p><p>Primerenca Navás, 1915: 181 [Type species: Primerenca maesi Navás by original designation and monotypy; synonymised by Lestage, 1919: 293].</p><p>Paraethaloptera Martynov,1935:193 [Type species: Paraethaloptera gracilis Martynov, by original designation and monotypy; synonymised by Barnard, 1980: 66].</p><p>Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other Macronematinae genera by having ‘false’ discoidal cell on the forewing surrounding nygma, formed by the rejoining of R4 and R5 right after their initial separation (Barnard, 1980) (Fig. 1). Wings very pale yellow (whitish in alcohol) and with brown spots. Head with two pairs of warts, appearing connected with each other (Fig. 7); posterior warts smaller.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB4FF9CFC40AB0AFD68783C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB7FF9CFF48A9DEFBD17A9C.text	862D87A3FFB7FF9CFF48A9DEFBD17A9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aethaloptera sexpunctata Kolenati 1859	<div><p>Aethaloptera sexpunctata Kolenati, 1859</p><p>(Figs. 1–7)</p><p>Setodes sexpunctata Kolenati, 1859: 266 [Holotype male; India;</p><p>NHMW]. Polymorphanisus sexpunctatus (Kolenati) Brauer, 1868: 263 . Aethaloptera sexpunctata (Kolenati) Ulmer, 1907: 19 . Aethaloptera dyakana Banks, 1920: 354 [Holotype female; Borneo;</p><p>MCZ; synonymised by Ulmer, 1951: 194]. Paraethaloptera punctata Banks, 1938: 232 [Lectotype female;</p><p>Peninsular Malaysia; NHMUK; synonymised by Barnard,</p><p>1980: 75]. Aethaloptera punctata (Banks) Kimmins, 1962: 96 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 26 mm in length with dark brown striations, colour of each antennal segment (from one striation to the next) half brown and half whitish (Fig. 7). Forewing 9 mm and hind wing 4 mm in length (Figs. 1, 2). Mesoscutum without evident markings. Mesoscutellum with pair of dark brown spots located anterolaterally (Fig. 7) Tibial spurs 0.3.2.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented (Fig. 3). Segment X in dorsal view bifid with each lobe connected half midway (Fig. 4). Phallus in lateral view bending almost 120° measured from central axis of the base of phallus to central axis of the shaft at 2/3 length recurving dorsally ca. 90° toward apex (Fig. 5). In lateral view, phallus apex forming knob-like structure, in dorsal view forming two rounded heart-shaped lobes (Fig. 6).</p><p>Female. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 8 mm. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 0.3.2.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 3 males, Sakon Nakhon Province, Nam Phung, coll. C.J. Uy, 20 May 2015 (UPLBMNH) ; 1 female, Mae Hong Son, Ban Huai Hia, coll. H. Malicky, 15 April 2000 (HMPC) ; Indonesia: 2 females, Sumatra, Palembang, coll. H. Malicky, 13 May 1972 (HMPC) ; India: 4 males, Kherani Mokam, coll. F. Schmid, 3 May 1960 (CNC) .</p><p>Distribution. India, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia (Johor), Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Borneo, New Guinea, Northern Australia.</p><p>Remarks. Kolenati (1859) originally said that brown spots were present on the posterior cubitus, arculus, and thyridium of each forewing, with a total of six spots on both forewings, thus inspiring the specific epithet sexpunctata . In the specimens examined here, the brown spots were more numerous and included a very evident humeral spot at the edge of the costa (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB7FF9CFF48A9DEFBD17A9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB7FF9DFC15ABBEFD6E78C7.text	862D87A3FFB7FF9DFC15ABBEFD6E78C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipsyche McLachlan 1872	<div><p>Genus Amphipsyche McLachlan, 1872</p><p>Amphipsyche McLachlan, 1872: 68 [Type species: Amphipsyche proluta McLachlan, (by monotypy)].</p><p>Phanostoma Brauer, 1875: 69 [Type species: Phanostoma senegalense Brauer, 1875 (by monotypy); synonymised by Martynov, 1935: 201].</p><p>Amphipsychella Martynov, 1935:201 [Type species: Amphipsychella extrema Martynov, 1935 (by monotypy); synonymised by Barnard, 1984: 76].</p><p>Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other Macronematinae genera by the absence of forewing discoidal cell and having an anal area of forewing dilated in males. Species with medium sized, yellowish bodies. Protibial spur very minute and sometimes not obvious in other species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB7FF9DFC15ABBEFD6E78C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB6FF9DFF7FA997FC917B32.text	862D87A3FFB6FF9DFF7FA997FC917B32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipsyche bifasciata Navas 1931	<div><p>Amphipsyche bifasciata Navás, 1931</p><p>(Figs. 8–11)</p><p>Amphipsyche bifasciata Navás, 1931: 7 [Holotype male; China</p><p>(lost)]; Barnard, 1984: 89 (redescription). Amphipsyche proluta McLachlan; Banks, 1940: 207; Mosely, 1942:</p><p>361 (misidentification).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Forewing with pale brown mark streak at apex, darker brown stripe across anastomosis; Fork II not stalked (Fig. 8).</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages with basal segment too broad (Fig. 8). Phallus apex with truncate with pair of pointed unsclerotised lobes (Fig. 11).</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Neither the holotype (lost) nor other specimens were available. The male wing (Fig. 8) and male genitalia (Figs. 9–11) were redrawn from Barnard (1984: Figs. 22–27) and diagnosis was described based on the redrawn figures.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB6FF9DFF7FA997FC917B32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB6FF9DFF77AAC3FA377B27.text	862D87A3FFB6FF9DFF77AAC3FA377B27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipsyche exsiliens Barnard 1984	<div><p>Amphipsyche exsiliens Barnard, 1984</p><p>(Figs. 12–16)</p><p>Amphipsyche exsiliens Barnard, 1984: 97 [Holotype male; Burma; NHMUK].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 38 mm in length. Antennal flagellum light brown to yellowish with darker striations. Forewing 12 mm and hindwing 6 mm in length. Forewing with brown spot in fork I and in crossvein Sc-R1 (Fig. 12). Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages unsegmented. In lateral view, phallus has somewhat triangular apex with everted endotheca (Fig. 15). In dorsal view, segment IX is curved in the apex with one lobe on each side. Segment X divided medially.</p><p>Female. Antennae of all female specimens broken therefore length cannot be measured. Antennal flagellum colouration same as male. Forewing 9 mm and hindwing 5 mm in length. No evident markings found in forewings of old specimens. Tibial spurs 1.4.3.</p><p>Material examined. Indonesia: 11 males, 10 females, Sumatra, Kebun, Sei Kopas, Mae Wang stream, coll. H. Malicky, 23 April 1997 (HMPC); Nepal: 1 male, Siwalik Range Bardia National Park, coll. H. Malicky, 18 March 2003 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Sumatra, Nepal.</p><p>Remarks. The male wing (Fig. 12) and male genitalia (Figs. 13–16) were redrawn from Barnard (1984: Figs. 54–60).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB6FF9DFF77AAC3FA377B27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB6FF9AFC3AAAF7FA3E7BE1.text	862D87A3FFB6FF9AFC3AAAF7FA3E7BE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipsyche gratiosa Navas 1922	<div><p>Amphipsyche gratiosa Navás, 1922</p><p>(Figs. 17–21)</p><p>Amphipsyche gratiosa Navás, 1922: 62 [Holotype male; Vietnam (lost)]; Barnard, 1984: 98 (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 35 mm in length. Antennal flagellum light brown to yellowish with darker striations. Forewing 12 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Forewing with very evident markings as shown in Fig. 17. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages slender and unsegmented. Phallus apex with leaf-like lobes, each bearing single spine (Fig. 21). In lateral view, Segment IX narrow.</p><p>Female. Antennae 11 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male except less dark and less obvious striations. Forewings 8 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Forewings without evident markings. Tibial spurs 0.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 1 male, 15 females, Chiang Dao district, Ping river, coll. H. Malicky, 10 June 2003 (UPLBMNH) ; 44 males, 54 females, Mae Wang district, Mae Wang stream, coll. C.J. Uy, 12 May 2015 (UPLBMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. The males of this species possess very distinguished markings in forewings as shown in Fig. 17, whereas females lack forewing markings. The examined female specimens lack both crossvein sc-c and dilation of the anal forewing area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB6FF9AFC3AAAF7FA3E7BE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB0FF9BFE8DADEBFC9E7FF1.text	862D87A3FFB0FF9BFE8DADEBFC9E7FF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipsyche magna Banks 1939	<div><p>Amphipsyche magna Banks, 1939</p><p>(Figs. 22–25)</p><p>Amphipsyche magna Banks, 1939: 58 [Holotype male; Philippines; MCZ]; Barnard, 1984: 102 (description of female).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Forewing with no markings; median cell very obvious formed by M2–M3+4. Mesoscutellum with pair of dark circular markings (Fig. 23).</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages slender and segmented; harpago blunt and shorter than coxopodite (Fig. 22). Phallus apex with three pairs of endothecal spines (Fig. 25), dorsal pair directed ventrally, mid and ventral pairs directed dorsally.</p><p>Distribution. Philippines (Luzon).</p><p>Remarks. The species has never been collected in our fieldwork in the Philippines therefore, no other individual was examined. However, Barnard (1984) provided a clear description of the species that was used as a reference for the diagnosis of this species. The genitalia (Figs. 22, 24, 25) and thorax (Fig. 23) were also redrawn from Barnard’s revision of the genus Amphipsyche (1984: Figs. 78–83, 87).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB0FF9BFE8DADEBFC9E7FF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB0FF9BFF72AE81FA897D8B.text	862D87A3FFB0FF9BFF72AE81FA897D8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer 1909	<div><p>Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer, 1909</p><p>(Figs. 26–30)</p><p>Amphipsyche meridiana Ulmer, 1909: 134 [Lectotype female; Java; RMNH].</p><p>Amphipsyche nirvana Banks, 1913b: 236 [Holotype male; India; MCZ; synonymised by Barnard, 1984: 106].</p><p>Amphipsyche vedana Banks, 1913b: 235 [Holotype female; India; MCZ; synonymised by Barnard, 1984: 106].</p><p>Amphipsyche propinqua Ulmer, 1927: 177 [Lectotype male; Cambodia; ZMHB; synonymised and designated by Barnard, 1984: 106].</p><p>Amphipsyche indica Martynov, 1935: 199 [8 syntypes; 4 males, 4 females, India; 2 syntypes NZSI, 6 syntypes lost].</p><p>Amphipsyche tricalcarata Martynov, 1935: 197 [Holotype female; India; NZSI (lost); synonymised with indica by Schmid, 1958: 107].</p><p>Amphipsyche sigmosa Navás, 1935: 105 [Lectotype male; India; MNHN; synonymised and designated by Barnard, 1984: 107].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 40 mm in length. Antennal flagellum light brown to yellowish with darker striations. Forewing 14 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 0.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages unsegmented. In lateral view, phallus with mouth-like apex with pair of semimembranous lobes (Fig. 29). Mid endothecal spines short.</p><p>Female. Antennae 40 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 14 mm and hind wing 8 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum same as male. Tibial spurs 0.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Indonesia: 6 males, 49 females, Java, Tengah, coll. H. Malicky, 11 January 1996 (HMPC);</p><p>Thailand: 20 males, 25 females, Chiang Mai, Mae Ping, coll. P. Chaibu, 25 November 1997 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Burma, Cambodia, India, Laos, Malaysia (Perak), Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. The male wing (Fig. 26) was photographed and male genitalia (Figs. 27–30) was redrawn.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB0FF9BFF72AE81FA897D8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB0FF9BFC4FACAAFB257811.text	862D87A3FFB0FF9BFC4FACAAFB257811.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipsyche parva Banks 1920	<div><p>Amphipsyche parva Banks, 1920</p><p>(Figs. 31–33)</p><p>Amphipsyche parva Banks, 1920: 354 [Holotype male; Borneo; MCZ]; Barnard, 1984: 105 (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male genitalia. Inferior appendages unsegmented (Fig. 31). Phallus with three pairs of endothecal spines, dorsal pair short, mid pair curved dorsally, ventral pair longest and almost straight (Fig. 33).</p><p>Distribution. Borneo.</p><p>Remarks. The species has never been collected from Borneo again. Therefore, no other individual was examined. However, Barnard (1984) provided a clear description of the species. The male genitalia (Figs. 31–33) were redrawn from Barnard (1984: Figs. 90–93). Diagnosis was also based on the description by Barnard (1984).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB0FF9BFC4FACAAFB257811	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB0FF9BFC3EA921FB0A7A82.text	862D87A3FFB0FF9BFC3EA921FB0A7A82.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphipsyche petiolata Ulmer 1930	<div><p>Amphipsyche petiolata Ulmer, 1930</p><p>(Figs. 34–36)</p><p>Amphipsyche petiolata Ulmer, 1930: 434 [Lectotype female; Java; ZMUH; designated by Ulmer, 1951: 197].</p><p>Amphipsyche minima Banks, 1931: 395 [Lectotype female; West Malaysia, BMNH; synonymised by Barnard, 1984: 99].</p><p>Amphipsyche pubescens Kimmins, 1955: 387 [Holotype male; Borneo; NHMUK; synonymised by Barnard, 1984: 99].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male genitalia. Inferior appendages unsegmented (Fig. 34). Phallus apex, globose with bifurcate membranous process directing towards apex laterally (Fig. 35).</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Malaysia.</p><p>Remarks. Barnard (1984) clearly described the species. The male genitalia (Figs. 34–36) were redrawn from Barnard (1984: Figs. 69–73). Diagnosis was also based on the description by Barnard (1984).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB0FF9BFC3EA921FB0A7A82	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB0FF98FC37AA54FE1D7FCB.text	862D87A3FFB0FF98FC37AA54FE1D7FCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum Kolenati 1859	<div><p>Genus Macrostemum Kolenati, 1859</p><p>Macrostemum Kolenati, 1859: 239 [Type species: not designated]; Hydropsyche hyalina Pictet (selected by Ulmer, 1957: 339).</p><p>Macronemum Burmeister, 1839: 915 [unjustified emendation of Macronema Pictet, 1836 which was a nomen nudum for Macronema]; Ross, 1944: 114 [characterisation of M. carolina, M. transversum, M. zebratum].</p><p>Monopseudopsis Walker, 1852: 105 [Type species: Monopseudopsis inscriptus Walker, (by monotypy); synonymised by McLachlan, 1862: 308].</p><p>Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other Macronematinae genera by having medium or large discoidal cell, small median cell, and no costal crossveins and subcostal vein joining with R1. Tropical Southeast Asian species vary in wing colour pattern and these patterns are important in designating the species.</p><p>Remarks. This genus was erected by Kolenati (1859) based on the absence of apical spurs on the foretibia, but the type species was not designated. Ulmer (1907) synonymised Macrostemum with Macronema (Pictet, 1836) and transferred all the Macrostemum species to the genus Macronema . Ulmer also recognised two species groups, based on wing venation, with one group distributed in South America and the other with a cosmopolitan distribution. Ulmer (1957) designated Hydropsyche hyalina [= Macrostemum hyalinum] as the type species of the cosmopolitan Macronema group. Flint &amp; Bueno-Soria (1979) divided the neotropical species of Macronema into the hyalinum group (with a cosmopolitan distribution) and the percitans group (exclusively neotropical). All the species of the hyalinum group are currently placed in Macrostemum, making the genus Macronema endemic to the neotropical region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB0FF98FC37AA54FE1D7FCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB3FF98FF4BAEEAFE3E7A90.text	862D87A3FFB3FF98FF4BAEEAFE3E7A90.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum albardanum Banks 1931	<div><p>Macrostemum albardanum Banks, 1931</p><p>(Figs. 37–41)</p><p>Macrostemum albardanum Banks, 1931a: 396 [Holotype male; Malaysia; MCZ].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 22 mm in length. Antennal flagellum light brown with darker striations. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Forewing pattern very much obvious with dark colour in almost half of wing and light brown colour in another half (Fig. 37). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. In lateral view, phallus with protrusion at apex. In lateral view, segment X elongated, narrowing toward apex.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 3 males, Ranong Province, Namtok Ngao, coll. T. Prommi, 8 August 2004 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. No female specimens were available for examination. The male wing (Fig. 37) and male genitalia (Figs. 38–41) were redrawn.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB3FF98FF4BAEEAFE3E7A90	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB3FF98FF0FABA0FCE27B6F.text	862D87A3FFB3FF98FF0FABA0FCE27B6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum bacham Hoang, Tanida & Bae 2005	<div><p>Macrostemum bacham Hoang, Tanida &amp; Bae, 2005</p><p>(Figs. 42–46)</p><p>Macrostemum bacham Hoang et al., 2005: 163 [Holotype male; Vietnam; KU].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 40 mm in length. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 17 mm and hind wing 13 mm in length. Forewing with three dark brown spots (Fig. 42). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago long and slender. In lateral view, phallus with protrusion at apex (Fig. 45) and in dorsal view, protrusion tongue-shaped (Fig. 46).</p><p>Female. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum same as male. Forewing 11 mm and hind wing 9 mm in length. Forewing pattern same as male (Fig. 42). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Laos: 1 male, 2 females, Champasak Province, Bolavens Plateau, coll. J. Hajek, 9 May 2010 (HMPC); 1 male, Kham Mouan Province, Ban Khoun Ngeun, coll. P. Pacholatko, 24–29 April 2001 (HMPC); Vietnam: 1 male, 1 female, Dak Lak, Dak Pri, coll. D.H. Hoang, 11 April 2003 (KU) .</p><p>Distribution. Laos, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. The male wing (Fig. 42) was photographed and male genitalia (Figs. 43–46) were redrawn from Malicky (2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB3FF98FF0FABA0FCE27B6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB3FF96FC10AA0DFF647FAD.text	862D87A3FFB3FF96FC10AA0DFF647FAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum bellerophon Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998	<div><p>Macrostemum bellerophon Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 47–51)</p><p>Macrostemum bellerophon Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol (in Malicky, 1998b): 774 [Holotype male; Thailand; HMPC].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 13 mm and hind wing 10 mm in length. Forewing markings as shown (Fig. 47). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago blunt (Fig. 48). In dorsal view, phallus with oval apex (Fig. 51). In lateral view, phallus with an opening in center making posterior area of apex longer than anterior area (Fig. 50). Segment X divided medially, each lobe larger than segment X of other Macrostemum species (Fig. 49).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Thailand: male, Doi Inthanon, Bang Khun Klang, coll. P. Chantaramongkol &amp; H. Malicky, 29 August–5 September 1989 (HMPC).</p><p>Paratypes. Thailand: 3 males, Doi Inthanon, Bang Khun Klang, coll. P. Chantaramongkol &amp; H. Malicky, 7–14 November 1989 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution: Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. No female specimens were available for examination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB3FF96FC10AA0DFF647FAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBDFF96FF69A94CFEFB79D3.text	862D87A3FFBDFF96FF69A94CFEFB79D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum bellum Banks 1916	<div><p>Macrostemum bellum Banks, 1916</p><p>(Fig. 52)</p><p>Macrostemum bellum Banks, 1916: 214 [Holotype male; Philippines ( Luzon); MCZ].</p><p>Distribution: Philippines.</p><p>Remarks. This rare species has never been collected in the Philippines again, therefore, no other individual was examined. The male wing (Fig. 52) was redrawn from Banks (1916: pl. II, Fig. 19).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBDFF96FF69A94CFEFB79D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBDFF96FF43A8E2FD457B58.text	862D87A3FFBDFF96FF43A8E2FD457B58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum bifenestratum Navas 1929	<div><p>Macrostemum bifenestratum Navás, 1929</p><p>(Fig. 53)</p><p>Macrostemum bifenestratum Navás, 1929: 41 [Holotype male; Malaysia (Pahang); MNHN].</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia (Pahang).</p><p>Remarks. This species has never been collected in Malaysia again. Therefore, no other individual was examined. The male wing (Fig. 53) was redrawn from Navás (1929: Fig. 20).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBDFF96FF43A8E2FD457B58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBDFF96FF5FAA78FC66786A.text	862D87A3FFBDFF96FF5FAA78FC66786A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum boettcheri Ulmer 1930	<div><p>Macrostemum boettcheri Ulmer, 1930</p><p>(Figs. 54–58)</p><p>Macrostemum boettcheri Ulmer, 1930: 389 [Holotype male; Philippines; ZMHB]; Malicky, 1998b: 777 (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 18 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 9 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago almost same length as coxopodite (Fig. 55). In dorsal view, phallus with oval apex (Fig. 58). In lateral view, phallus with more elongated anterior part of apex (Fig. 57). Segment X divided medially with elongated lobes longer than other Macrostemum species, with elongated blunt apex in lateral view (Fig. 55).</p><p>Female. Antennae 18 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 9 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Philippines: 2 males, Romblon Province, Sibuyan, Lambingan falls, coll. H. Zettel, 21 November 1994 (UPLBMNH) ; 3 males, 2 females, Los Banos, Laguna, Province, Molawin creek, coll. C.J. Uy, 18 April 2014 (UPLBMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. Philippines (Luzon).</p><p>Remarks. Male of this species can be distinguished from other congeners by the wing colour pattern as shown in Fig. 54. Forewings possess orange markings at the middle part in fresh specimens.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBDFF96FF5FAA78FC66786A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBDFF96FC1AA90BFA9C79F3.text	862D87A3FFBDFF96FC1AA90BFA9C79F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum caliptera Banks 1931	<div><p>Macrostemum caliptera Banks, 1931</p><p>(Fig. 59)</p><p>Macrostemum caliptera Banks, 1931c: 68 [Holotype male; Philippines; MCZ].</p><p>Distribution. Philippines (Luzon).</p><p>Remarks. This is very rare species and was never seen in many sampling done in Luzon Island. The male wing was redrawn from Banks (1931c: pl. V, Fig. 9).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBDFF96FC1AA90BFA9C79F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBDFF97FC13A882FBC37A0C.text	862D87A3FFBDFF97FC13A882FBC37A0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum centrotum Navas 1917	<div><p>Macrostemum centrotum Navás, 1917</p><p>(Figs. 60–64)</p><p>Macrostemum centrotum Navás, 1917: 403 [Holotype male; Vietnam ( Sapa)].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum first few segments darker brown then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 13 mm and hindwing 9 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented (Fig. 61). In lateral view, with protrusion in phallus apex (Fig. 63). In lateral view, segment X broad narrowing towards the apex (Fig. 61), in dorsal view bifid and each lobe blunt (Fig. 62).</p><p>Female. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 10 mm and hindwing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Vietnam: 3 males, 4 females, Tam Dao, coll. H. Malicky, 19 May–13 June 1995 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. China, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. The original description of Navás (1917) (in Latin) did not provide illustration, as well as information on the deposition of the specimen. The assumption is that the type specimen might be deposited in the Natural History Museum in Barcelona, Spain where his personal collections were transferred from the Catholic boy’s school (John Morse, personal communication). However, the museum curator confirmed that there are no species from the genus Macrostemum in their list of available type specimen collection by Navás (Glòria Masó Ros, personal communication). The curator also stated that there is a necessity to review the general collection and not types by Navás but the person handling the collection is now on leave. Therefore, the actual status of the type material cannot be confirmed and the possibility that it is also lost can be considered. Malicky (1998b) redescribed the male of this species including the illustrations of genitalia and forewing. The wing patterns of all the examined specimens were consistent (Fig. 60).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBDFF97FC13A882FBC37A0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBCFF94FC2FAB2DFF657EEB.text	862D87A3FFBCFF94FC2FAB2DFF657EEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum dairiana Malicky 1998	<div><p>Macrostemum dairiana Malicky, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 65–69)</p><p>Macrostemum dairiana Malicky, 1998b: 775 [Holotype male; Indonesia; HMPC].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 23 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 12 mm and hind wing 5 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented (Fig. 66). In lateral view, phallus apex divided into two lobes making it with U-shape opening at center (Fig. 68). In lateral view, segment X broad and width toward apex not as narrow as other species such as M. dione and M. fenestratum (Fig. 66). In dorsal view, segment X long and divided medially wherein apex of each side lobular (Fig. 67).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Indonesia: male, North Sumatra, Dairi, coll. E.W. Diehl, 20 September 1970 (HMPC).</p><p>Paratypes. Indonesia: 2 males, North Sumatra, Dairi, coll. E.W. Diehl, 20 September 1970 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Sumatra.</p><p>Remarks. No female specimens were available for examination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBCFF94FC2FAB2DFF657EEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBFFF94FF0FAF89FECF7B51.text	862D87A3FFBFFF94FF0FAF89FECF7B51.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum dione Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998	<div><p>Macrostemum dione Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 70–74)</p><p>Macrostemum dione Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1998 (in Malicky, 1998b): 776 [Holotype male; Sumatra; HMPC].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 23 mm in length. Antennal flagellum first few segments darker brown then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 5 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented (Fig. 71). In lateral view, phallus with spine-like structure at anterior portion of apex (Fig. 73). In dorsal view, phallus with lobular tongue at apex, and spine-like structure appears broader in dorsal view (Fig. 74). In lateral view, segment X elongated narrowing toward apex (Fig. 71).</p><p>Female. Antennae 20 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Type material examined. Paratypes. Vietnam: 2 males, 2 females, Nam Cat Tien, coll. H. Malicky, 17–25 June 1995 (UM: UMSP000208571) .</p><p>Distribution. Laos, Malaysia (Perak, Pahang), Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. We provide a photograph of the actual wing of the species (Fig. 70).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBFFF94FF0FAF89FECF7B51	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBFFF94FF3BAA60FB1C7F8B.text	862D87A3FFBFFF94FF3BAA60FB1C7F8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum distinguendum Ulmer 1905	<div><p>Macrostemum distinguendum Ulmer, 1905</p><p>(Figs. 75–79)</p><p>Macrostemum distinguendum Ulmer, 1905b: 71 [Holotype male; Sumatra; SM].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum first few segments darker brown then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 10 mm and hindwing 5 mm in length with three V-shape white markings and one small white elongated pattern runs parallel to the wing length (Fig. 75). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented (Fig. 76). Phallus when viewed laterally has pointed structure in apex directed apically (Fig. 78). In dorsal view, phallus has protrusion like apical tongue (Fig. 79). In dorsal view, segment X divided medially throughout the center (Fig. 77).</p><p>Female. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 12 mm and hindwing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Indonesia: 1 male, Sumatra, Padang, coll. E.W. Diehl, 24 October 1990 (HMPC) ; 2 females, Sumatra, Kebun Sei Kopas, coll. H. Malicky, 29 April 1997 (HMPC) ; Malaysia: 4 males, 2 females, Hulu, Perak, coll. I. Sivec, 1–3 April 1994 (HMPC) ; 1 female, Sarawak, Bako National Park, coll. I. Sivec, 10 May 1999 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBFFF94FF3BAA60FB1C7F8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBFFF94FC2CAEA9FC0D7451.text	862D87A3FFBFFF94FC2CAEA9FC0D7451.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum dohrni Ulmer 1905	<div><p>Macrostemum dohrni Ulmer, 1905</p><p>(Figs. 80–84)</p><p>Macrostemum dohrni Ulmer, 1905b: 69 [Holotype male, Sumatra; SM]; Malicky, 1998b: 18 (female).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum first few segments darker brown then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 15 mm and hindwing 10 mm in length. Forewing pattern as shown (Fig. 80). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented harpago long and slender (Fig. 81). In lateral view, phallus with small pointed structure in posterior part of apex (Fig. 83) but not evident in dorsal view (Fig. 84). Pointed structure at apex of phallus somewhat similar to M. centrotum but smaller. In dorsal view, segment IX subrectangular (Fig. 82). Segment X divided medially with evident warts near apex (Fig. 82).</p><p>Female. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 13 mm and hindwing 10 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 1 male, 1 female, Kao Soi Dao, coll. N. Waldbach, 23 April 1996 (HMPC); Cambodia: 12 males, 5 females, Mondolkiri Province, coll. G. Ronkay &amp; G. Csorba, 30 January 2006 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia, Malaysia, (Pahang), Sumatra, Thailand.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBFFF94FC2CAEA9FC0D7451	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB8FF93FF7DADEAFDFC7FB1.text	862D87A3FFB8FF93FF7DADEAFDFC7FB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum eleanora Banks 1938	<div><p>Macrostemum eleanora Banks, 1938</p><p>(Figs. 85–89)</p><p>Macrostemum eleanora Banks, 1938: 232 [Holotype male; Malaysia; SMKM].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments, and lighter throughout. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago long and narrow. In lateral view, phallus with pointed structure at apex (Fig. 88). In dorsal view, phallus with lobular tongue at apex (Fig. 89). In lateral view, segment X broad and with longer posterior part at apex (Fig. 86). Segment X with large wart (Fig. 86).</p><p>Material examined. Malaysia: 1 male, Cameron Highlands, coll. F. Koch, 27 July 1996 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Malaysia.</p><p>Remarks. No female specimens were available for examination. Male wing (Fig. 85) and male genitalia (Figs. 86–89) were redrawn from Malicky (2010).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB8FF93FF7DADEAFDFC7FB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB8FF93FF75A940FBC27DEB.text	862D87A3FFB8FF93FF75A940FBC27DEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum fastosum Walker 1852	<div><p>Macrostemum fastosum Walker, 1852</p><p>(Figs. 90–94)</p><p>Macrostemum fastosum Walker, 1852: 76 [Holotype male; Hong Kong; BMNH]; Malicky, 1998b: 769 (redescription).</p><p>Macronema tripunctatum Banks, 1924: 451 [Holotype male; Philippines; MCZ; synonymised by Fischer, 1963: 186].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 35 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown; darker colour of striations not obvious. Forewing 14 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length with dark brown stripe along middle of forewing; apex with evident dark brown markings (Fig. 90). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago long. In lateral view, phallus with longer posterior area of apex (Fig. 93). In dorsal view, segment X divided at middle and pointed toward apex laterally (Fig. 92).</p><p>Female. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments, and lighter throughout. Forewing 14 mm and hind wing 9 mm in length, same pattern as male. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 20 males, 15 females, Mae Kampong, Mae La stream, coll. C.J. Uy, 14 May 2015 (UPLBMNH) ; Vietnam: 7 males, 13 females, Tam Dao, coll. H. Malicky, 19 May–13 June 1995 (HMPC) ; Indonesia: 7 males, 13 females, Sumatra, Simarito, coll. H. Malicky, 14 February 1994 (HMPC) ; Laos: 1 female, Luang Prabang Province, coll. C. Holzschuh, 24 April–16 May 1999 (HMPC).</p><p>Distribution. Burma, China, India, Java, Bali, Laos, Malaysia (Perak), Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. This species can be easily distinguished from other congeners from its distinct wing pattern (Fig. 90). However, we observed that specimens from Vietnam have thicker brown stripes on forewings. Other diagnostic characters are illustrated in Figs. 91–94.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB8FF93FF75A940FBC27DEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB8FF93FC13AC8AFA5A7B25.text	862D87A3FFB8FF93FC13AC8AFA5A7B25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum fenestratum Albarda 1887	<div><p>Macrostemum fenestratum Albarda, 1887</p><p>(Figs. 95–106)</p><p>Macrostemum fenestratum Albarda, 1887: 18 [Holotype female; Indonesia; RMNH].</p><p>Macronema similior Banks, 1931a: 396 [Holotype male; Malaysia; MCZ; synonymised by Malicky, 2009: 47].</p><p>Macronema spectabilis Banks, 1931a: 395 [Holotype male; Malaysia; MCZ; synonymised by Malicky, 2013: 47].</p><p>Macronema splendens Banks, 1931b: 421 [Holotype male; Malaysia; MCZ; synonymised by Malicky, 2009: 47; Malicky, 2013: 47].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 23 mm in length. Head with dark brown stripe running from ventral part of head beside eye up to dorsal part except middle part in dorsal view. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments, and lighter throughout. Forewing 8 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. Phallus with spine-like structure at anterior portion of apex (Fig. 105). In dorsal view, spine-like structure very evident and sharply pointed (Fig. 106). Segment X divided medially with wide separation and with broad apex (Figs. 103, 104).</p><p>Female. Antennae 23 mm in length. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments, and lighter throughout with head markings same as males. Forewing 8 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 19 males, 11 females, Phuket, Tonesai waterfall, coll. P. Chantaramongkol, 1 March 1990 (HMPC); Indonesia: 16 males, 12 females, North Sumatra, Huta Padang, coll. H. Malicky, 8 February 1991 (HMPC); 1 male, East Kalimantan, Seturan River, coll. P. Derleth, 10 August 2000 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Cambodia, Java, Laos, Malaysia (Perak, Pahan, Johor), Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. This species exhibited many variations in wing pattern (Figs. 95–101). The segment X of some specimens also varied, when viewed dorsally (Figs. 103, 104) but consistently with narrowing apex in lateral view (Fig. 102).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB8FF93FC13AC8AFA5A7B25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFB8FF91FC32AAF3FE127A0B.text	862D87A3FFB8FF91FC32AAF3FE127A0B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum floridum Navas 1929	<div><p>Macrostemum floridum Navás, 1929</p><p>(Figs. 107–111)</p><p>Macrostemum floridum Navás, 1929: 41 [Holotype male; China; MNHN]; Malicky, 1998b: 777 (redescription); Hoang et al., 2005: 167 (female description).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments, lighter throughout. Forewing 10 mm and hindwing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago long (Fig. 108). In lateral view, phallus with pointed structure originating from posterior pointing apically but very minute not like other species (Fig. 110). In dorsal view, phallus with lobular tongue in apex (Fig. 111). In lateral view, segment X broad tapering to apex, directed dorsad in some specimens (Fig. 108), each lobes widely separated in dorsal view (Fig. 109).</p><p>Female. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments, and lighter throughout. Forewing 11 mm and hindwing 9 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 1 male, Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai Zoo, coll. P. Chantaramongkol &amp; H. Malicky, 28 August–4 September 1989 (HMPC); Vietnam: 5 males, 16 females, Nam Cat Tien, coll. H. Malicky, 17–25 June 1995 (HMPC); India: 1 male, Kerala, Kallar, coll. Dembicky &amp; Pacholatko, 1–9 May 1997 (HMPC); Laos: 3 males, 2 females, Luang Prabang Province, Khan River, coll. C. Holzschuh, 21 April 1999 (HMPC) ; 2 females, Attapeu Province, Annam Highlands Mountains, coll. J. Hajek, 30 April–6 May 2010 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. China, India, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. The original description of this species in Navás (1917) (in Latin) provided only forewing illustration lacking male genitalia illustration. Malicky (1998b) redescribed the male of this species. The wing colour pattern (Fig. 107) and the phallus structure in lateral view (Fig. 110) are consistent among the specimens examined in this study. Segment X has variations in the described species. Some specimens described from Vietnam have pointed apex of segment X in lateral view (Fig. 108) while broad in specimens from other area. We provide redescription of this species based on our recent materials.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFB8FF91FC32AAF3FE127A0B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBAFF91FF25AB2AFBE9784B.text	862D87A3FFBAFF91FF25AB2AFBE9784B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum hestia Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998	<div><p>Macrostemum hestia Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 112–118)</p><p>Macrostemum hestia Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol (in Malicky, 1998b): 774 [Holotype male; Thailand; HMPC].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum first few segments darker brown and lighter throughout the segments. Head with dark brown stripe running traverse the head. Forewing 14 mm and hindwing length 7 mm. Forewing pattern as shown (Fig. 112). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. In lateral view, phallus with opening in posterior part of the apex (Fig. 117). In ventral view, phallus apex somewhat heart-shaped (Fig. 118). In lateral view, segment X with large wart on apex (Figs. 113, 115). In dorsal view, segment X with longer apex on each side directing sideways (Figs. 114, 116).</p><p>Female. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum and head markings same as male. Forewing 12 mm and hindwing length 8 mm. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Type material examined. Paratypes. Thailand: 7 males, 1 female, Doi Inthanon, Siriphum waterfall, coll. H. Malicky, 20 March 1989 (UPLBMNH); 1 male, Pu Kradung Northern Province, Namtok Penpob, coll. N. Saengpradab, 25 May 1996 (HMPC) ; Malaysia: 1 male, Hulu, Perak, coll. I. Sivec, 3–13 April 1994 .</p><p>Distribution. China (Jiangxi), Laos, Malaysia (Perak), Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Genitalia variations were observed among the specimens examined in this study. However, only segment X varied in some specimens (Figs. 114, 116), although the phallus structure was consistent among the examined specimens (Figs. 117, 118).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBAFF91FF25AB2AFBE9784B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFBAFF8FFC24A96AFD827E4B.text	862D87A3FFBAFF8FFC24A96AFD827E4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum indistinctum Banks 1911	<div><p>Macrostemum indistinctum Banks, 1911</p><p>(Figs. 119–122)</p><p>Macrostemum indistinctum Banks, 1911: 106 [Holotype male; India; MCZ]; Malicky, 1998b: 777 (redescription).</p><p>Macronema brisi Navás, 1930: 5 [Holotype male; China; synonymised by Malicky, 1998b: 777].</p><p>Macrostemum saowapa Chantaramongkol &amp; Malicky, 1986: 528 [Holotype male; Sri Lanka; HMPC; synonymised by Flint, 2003: 819].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum dark brown with darker striations. Forewing 13 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago long and slender (Fig. 120). In lateral view, phallus with pointed structure, posterior of apex pointing apically but very minute not like other species (Fig. 122). In dorsal view, segment X divided medially with inner portion consisting of evident folds running diagonally (Fig. 121).</p><p>Female. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum same as males. Forewing 11 mm and hind wing 8 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Indonesia: 1 male, 1 female, Sumatra, Prapat, coll. H. Malicky, 17 April 1997 (UPLBMNH); Vietnam: 5 males, 2 females, Dak Lak Province, Yok Don, coll. D.H. Hoang, 26 March 2001 (KU).</p><p>Distribution. India, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (Perak), Sumatra, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. The deposition of the type specimen of Macrostemum brisi Navás, 1930 was not indicated (see Remarks under Macrostemum centrotum Navás, above). The original description of Banks (1911) includes only the illustration of forewing lacking description and illustration of male genitalia. Malicky (1998b) redescribed the species. The eyes of males are larger than those of females, whereas wing pattern is consistent (Fig. 119).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFBAFF8FFC24A96AFD827E4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA4FF8FFF6AAF6AFD967FB0.text	862D87A3FFA4FF8FFF6AAF6AFD967FB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum luteipes Kimmins 1955	<div><p>Macrostemum luteipes Kimmins, 1955</p><p>(Figs. 123–125)</p><p>Macrostemum luteipes Kimmins, 1955: 388 [Holotype male; Malaysia; BMNH].</p><p>Distribution. Borneo.</p><p>Remarks. A specimen had been borrowed from UM; however, the specimen labeled under the name of M. luteipes was found to be misidentified and was in fact M. distinguendum . Therefore, specimens of M. luteipes were not observed and genitalia (Figs. 123–125) were redrawn from Kimmins (1955: Figs. 54–56).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA4FF8FFF6AAF6AFD967FB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA4FF8FFF25A940FBA07E2B.text	862D87A3FFA4FF8FFF25A940FBA07E2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum midas Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998	<div><p>Macrostemum midas Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 126–130)</p><p>Macrostemum midas Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol (in Malicky, 1998b): 770 [Holotype male; Thailand; HMPC].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum darker brown in first few segments and brown throughout. Forewing 12 mm and hind wing 8 mm in length with dark brown stripe along middle of forewing curving anteriorly (Fig. 126). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented (Fig. 127). In lateral view, phallus with flat apex (Fig. 129), with protrusion at ventral view (Fig. 129). In dorsal view, segment IX apex concave with long setae (Fig. 128). Segment X divided medially, with each lobe blunt, with subapical wart with cluster of small setae (Fig. 128).</p><p>Female. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same as males. Forewing 9 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Thailand: male, Ranong Province, Klong Nakha Wildlife Sanctuary, coll. Schwendinger, 29 January 1991 (HMPC).</p><p>Paratypes. Thailand: 2 males, Ban Tramot, Southern Thailand, coll. H. Malicky, 29 April 2003 (HMPC) .</p><p>Additional material examined. Thailand: 3 males, 13 females, Khao Kitchakut, coll. H. Malicky, 24 April 1996 (HMPC); 24 females, Putoei, Ban Huai Hindam, coll. H. Malicky, 26 April 2001 (HMPC).</p><p>Distribution. Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia (Perak, Pahang, Johor), Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Examined specimens of M. midas possess a dark brown stripe in the middle of each forewing, as in M. fastosum . However, in M. midas, the stripes arch anteriorly (Fig. 126), whereas, in M. fastosum, the stripe is straight. The hind wing venation of M. midas is the same as that of M. fastosum (Fig. 90).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA4FF8FFF25A940FBA07E2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA4FF8FFC2DAFCAFAD17A91.text	862D87A3FFA4FF8FFC2DAFCAFAD17A91.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum opulentum Ulmer 1905	<div><p>Macrostemum opulentum Ulmer, 1905</p><p>(Figs. 131–136)</p><p>Macrostemum opulentum Ulmer, 1905a: 84 [Holotype male; Borneo; MNHN].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum darker brown in first few segments and brown throughout. Forewing 9 mm and hindwing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, separation of harpago and coxopodite almost in the middle (Fig. 133). In lateral view, phallus with flat apex (Fig. 135), spatulate in dorsal view (Fig. 136). In dorsal view, segment IX squarish (Fig. 134). Segment X divided medially with long lobes, widely separated towards the apex in dorsal view (Fig. 134).</p><p>Female. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum same as males. Forewing 9 mm and hindwing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Malaysia: 3 males, 12 females, Sabah, Kinabalu National Park, Poring hot spring, coll. I. Sivec, 21 April 1999 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Indonesia.</p><p>Remarks. Based on the original description by Ulmer (1905), only the forewing pattern was illustrated. Two forewing colour patterns were observed (Figs. 131, 132).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA4FF8FFC2DAFCAFAD17A91	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA4FF8DFC3FABA0FDD27A1A.text	862D87A3FFA4FF8DFC3FABA0FDD27A1A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum pallipes Banks 1931	<div><p>Macrostemum pallipes Banks, 1931</p><p>(Figs. 137–141)</p><p>Macrostemum pallipes Banks, 1931a: 422 [Holotype male, Malaysia; MCZ].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 35 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 13 mm and hindwing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2018</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, very slender especially harpago (Fig. 138). In lateral view, phallus with squarish apex (Fig. 140), with protrusion in ventral view (Fig. 141). In dorsal view, segment X divided medially with shorter lobes as compared to other Macrostemum species (Fig. 139).</p><p>Female. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum same as males. Forewing 11 mm and hindwing 6 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Malaysia: 3 males, 2 females, Sabah, Kinabalu National Park, Poring hot spring, coll. I. Sivec, 22 April 1999 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo.</p><p>Remarks. Original description by Banks (1911) did not include illustrations. Unlike most Macrostemum species, no wing markings were observed (Fig. 137).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA4FF8DFC3FABA0FDD27A1A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA6FF8DFF69AB3BFC43745A.text	862D87A3FFA6FF8DFF69AB3BFC43745A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum punctatum Betten 1909	<div><p>Macrostemum punctatum Betten, 1909</p><p>(Figs. 142–148)</p><p>Macrostemum punctatum Betten, 1909: 232 [Holotype male; India; NZSI].</p><p>Macrostemum mithras Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 2003: 917 [Holotype male; Thailand; HMPC; synonymised by Malicky, 2013: 47].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 40 mm in length. Antennal flagellum first few segments darker brown then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 13 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented (Fig. 145). In lateral view, phallus apex circular, with longer posterior area (Fig. 147). In ventral view, phallus with lobular tongue at apex (Fig. 148). In lateral view, segment X broad and narrowing through apex (Fig. 145) and divided at middle with wide separation in dorsal view (Fig. 146).</p><p>Female. Antennae broken. Antennal flagellum first few segments darker brown then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 13 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Thailand: male, Khampaeng Phet Province, Klong Lan National Park, coll. CMU, 7 March 2002 (HMPC).</p><p>Paratypes. Thailand: 7 males, Khampaeng Phet Province, Klong Lan National Park, coll. CMU, 7 March 2002 (HMPC) .</p><p>Additional material examined. Nepal: 4 males, 5 females, Harare Province, coll. Jiri, Allen, 25 May 1991 (HMPC) ; 10 males, 2 females, Mahadev Khola, coll. H. Malicky, 12–13 April 1995 (HMPC); 20 males, 5 females, Ganesh, Himal, coll. G. Karki, 15 May 1999 (HMPC).</p><p>Distribution. India, Nepal, Thailand.</p><p>Remarks. Three types of wing patterns were observed (Fig. 142–144). The species was initially described as possessing two thick rectangular dark-brown spots running across the width of its forewing (Fig. 143). However, some specimens lacked wing markings (Fig. 142). The three types of wing patterns were even observed among the specimens from same locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA6FF8DFF69AB3BFC43745A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA0FF8BFF45ADE9FDCF7911.text	862D87A3FFA0FF8BFF45ADE9FDCF7911.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum quinquepunctatum Banks 1920	<div><p>Macrostemum quinquepunctatum Banks, 1920</p><p>(Figs. 149–153)</p><p>Macronema quinquepunctatum Banks, 1920: 354 [Holotype male; Philippines; MCZ].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum yellowish with brown striations. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length with five dark spots (Fig. 149). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago short and blunt (Fig. 150). In lateral view, phallus with squarish apex (Fig. 152). In ventral view, phallus with evident endothecal sclerite (Fig. 153). In lateral view, segment X narrowing toward apex with setal wart at tip (Fig. 150). Segment IX squarish. Segment X divided medially as shown in Fig. 151.</p><p>Female. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same as males. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Philippines: 33 males, 38 females, Sibuyan, Romblon Magdiwang, Pawala River, coll. R. Muller, 23–30 July 1986 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Philippines.</p><p>Remarks. The species was initially described as Macronema quinquepunctatum by Banks (1920) without the drawings of the genitalia. However, he noted that the species closely resembles M. fasciatum [= M. fastosum], even though the harpago of the latter species is longer and the phalli and wing patterns of the species differ greatly.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA0FF8BFF45ADE9FDCF7911	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA0FF8BFF40A820FA8D7F4B.text	862D87A3FFA0FF8BFF40A820FA8D7F4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum seba Malicky & Prommi 2009	<div><p>Macrostemum seba Malicky &amp; Prommi, 2009</p><p>(Figs. 154–159)</p><p>Macrostemum seba Malicky &amp; Prommi (in Malicky, 2009): 47 [Holotype male; Thailand; HMPC.]</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 20 mm in length. Antennal flagellum first few segments darker brown then lighter throughout with darker striations. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago blunt towards the apex (Fig. 156). In lateral view, phallus with spine-like structure at anterior portion of apex (Fig. 158). In dorsal view, phallus with lobular tongue in anterior part of apex (Fig. 159). In lateral view, segment X with broad apex (Fig. 156), forming U-shape at middle of two lobes in dorsal view (Fig. 157).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Thailand: male, Phangnga Province, Sriphanga National Park, coll. T. Prommi, 7 August 2004 (HMPC).</p><p>Paratypes. Thailand: 4 males, Phangnga Province, Sriphanga National Park, coll. T. Prommi, 7 August 2004 (HMPC) ; 6 males, Ranong Province, Klongbangmun stream, coll. T. Prommi, 8 October 20014 (HMPC) .</p><p>Additional material examined. Laos: 1 male, Boli, Kham Xai Province, coll. V. Kuban, 1–18 May 2001 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand, Laos.</p><p>Remarks. The phallus resembles that of M. dione dorsally. However, the phallus of M. seba possesses both dorsal and ventral tongues, whereas that of M. dione has only one (Fig. 159). The original description of the species included drawings of two types of genitalia and wing patterns. The genitalia drawings included here are based on both the holotype and paratype specimens, and both wing pattern variations were drawn as well (Figs. 154–159). No female specimens were available for examination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA0FF8BFF40A820FA8D7F4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA0FF8BFC25AE69FAAE7B31.text	862D87A3FFA0FF8BFC25AE69FAAE7B31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum tonkinensis Mosely 1934	<div><p>Macrostemum tonkinensis Mosely, 1934</p><p>(Figs. 160–164)</p><p>Macrostemum tonkinensis Mosely, 1934: 140 [Holotype male; Vietnam; BMNH].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae about 35 mm long. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments, and lighter throughout. Forewing 12 mm and hind wing length 10 mm. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago broad. Phallus when viewed laterally has circular apex with very obvious opening in the middle (Fig. 163), when viewed dorsally has a curved apex (Fig. 164).</p><p>Female. Antennae about 20 mm long. Antennal flagellum dark brown in first few segments, and lighter throughout. Forewing 13 mm and hind wing length 8 mm. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Vietnam: 13 males, 21 females, Tam Dao, coll. H. Malicky, 19 May–13 June 1995 (HMPC); Laos: 1 female, Hua Phan Province, Phou Pan, coll. C. Holzschuh, 1–10 May 2011 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam, Laos.</p><p>Remarks. The forewing pattern was consistent among the examined specimens; a white C-shaped marking occupied almost half of the forewing from the anterior area (Fig. 160). Male genitalia were redrawn (Figs. 161–164).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA0FF8BFC25AE69FAAE7B31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA0FF89FC26AAC0FC91784B.text	862D87A3FFA0FF89FC26AAC0FC91784B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum trifasciatum Banks 1934	<div><p>Macrostemum trifasciatum Banks, 1934</p><p>(Figs. 165–169)</p><p>Macrostemum trifasciatum Banks, 1934: 575 [Holotype male; Malaysia; SMKM].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 33 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 15 mm and hindwing 10 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago long and narrow (Fig. 166). In lateral view, phallus apex flat without any protrusion (Fig. 168), in dorsal view subrectangular (Fig. 169). Segment IX in dorsal view subrectangular, without dorsal keel in posterior margin (Fig. 167). Segment X in lateral view subtriangular with subbasal wart (Fig. 166).</p><p>Female. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 10 mm and hindwing 5 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 2.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Malaysia: 9 males, 9 females, Sabah, Kinabalu National Park, coll. I. Sivec, 22 April 1999 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo.</p><p>Remarks. Original description by Banks (1934) did not include illustrations. Malicky (1998b) redescribed this species. This species can be easily distinguished from other congeners by the distinct wing pattern as shown in Fig. 165.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA0FF89FC26AAC0FC91784B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA2FF89FF66A96AFE227990.text	862D87A3FFA2FF89FF66A96AFE227990.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum tripunctatum Banks 1924	<div><p>Macrostemum tripunctatum Banks, 1924</p><p>Macrostemum tripunctatum Banks, 1924: 451 . [Holotype male; Philippines ( Mindanao); MCZ].</p><p>Distribution. Philippines.</p><p>Remarks. Banks (1924) reported that the species only differs from M. quinquepunctatus ( quinquepunctatum) in the number of forewing brown spots, three instead of five. No wing or genitalia drawings were provided in the original description. Neither the holotype nor other specimens of this rare species were examined.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA2FF89FF66A96AFE227990	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA2FF89FF08A8A0FD607B16.text	862D87A3FFA2FF89FF08A8A0FD607B16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrostemum zenon Malicky, O'Connor & Ashe 2010	<div><p>Macrostemum zenon Malicky, O’Connor &amp; Ashe, 2010</p><p>(Fig. 170)</p><p>Macrostemum zenon Malicky, O’Connor &amp; Ashe (in Malicky et al., 2010): 161. [Holotype male; Indonesia (Sulawesi); NMID].</p><p>Distribution. Indonesia.</p><p>Remarks. The wings were redrawn from Malicky et al. (2010: Figs. 28–33). Wing pattern is somewhat similar with M. bellerophon (Fig.47) and M. distinguendum (Fig. 75).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA2FF89FF08A8A0FD607B16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA2FF89FC45AFCAFC7D7892.text	862D87A3FFA2FF89FC45AFCAFC7D7892.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oestropsyche Brauer 1868	<div><p>Genus Oestropsyche Brauer, 1868</p><p>Oestropsyche Brauer, 1868: 265 [Type species: Oestropsyche palingenia Brauer, 1868: 266 [= Oestropsyche vitrina Hagen, 1859] (by monotypy)]; Ulmer, 1907 (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other Macronematinae genera by having two head setal warts raised anteriorly on vertex (Fig. 182). Forewing discoidal cell absent. Median cell longer and broader in males than in females. Thorax without markings. Tibia and tarsal segments of legs, dilated.</p><p>Remarks. Fischer (1963) initially placed this genus in the tribe Macronematini, despite the absence of mouthparts, whereas Barnard (1980) placed it in the tribe Polymorphanisini based on both larval characters and the absence of adult mouthparts (Ulmer, 1951).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA2FF89FC45AFCAFC7D7892	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA2FF86FC41A9A4FD767AB6.text	862D87A3FFA2FF86FC41A9A4FD767AB6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oestropsyche vitrina Hagen 1859	<div><p>Oestropsyche vitrina Hagen, 1859</p><p>(Figs. 177–182)</p><p>Macronema vitrinum Hagen, 1859: 209 [Holotype male; Sri Lanka;</p><p>MCZ (Ross, 1952: 35)]. Polymorphanisus vitrinus (Hagen) Hagen, 1864: 875 . Oestropsyche palingenia Brauer, 1868: 266 [Lectotype male;</p><p>Philippines; IRSNB; synonymised by Ulmer, 1907: 29]. Oestropsyche vitrina (Hagen) Ulmer, 1907: 29 . Oestropsyche hageni Banks, 1939: 56 [Holotype male; India; MCZ;</p><p>synonymised by Barnard, 1980: 66].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 30 mm in length, light brown with dark brown striations. Forewing 17 mm and hind wing 8 mm. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.3.2.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented and apex forming somewhat lobular structure, potentially mistaken as separate segment. Phallus in lateral view with same orientation as that of A. sexpunctata (Fig. 180). Lateral tubercles in segment X well-developed.</p><p>Female. Antennae 13 mm in length, light brown with dark brown striations. Forewing 20 mm and hind wing 12 mm. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.2.2.</p><p>Uy et al.: Southeast Asian Macronematinae</p><p>Material examined. Philippines: 1 male, 5 females, Nueva Vizcaya, Imugan, coll. C.J. Uy, 13 January 2014 (UPLBMNH); 1 male, Nueva Ecija, Pantabangan, coll. C.J. Uy, 1 May 2013 (UPLBMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. India, Iria Jaya, Laos, Malaysia (Perak), Philippines (Luzon), Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Thailand, Java, Borneo, Bali, Sulawesi.</p><p>Remarks. Based on original description by Hagen (1859), the inferior appendages were not stated whether it is segmented or not. Barnard (1980) provided a detailed description of this species during his revision study however, illustrated that inferior appendages are unsegmented. The samples that we examined showed that inferior appendages of O. vitrina are two-segmented (Fig. 178). The male wings (Fig. 177) and male genitalia (Figs. 178–181) were redrawn. Head in dorsal view was also figured to show the structure of setal warts (Fig. 182). The tibial spurs of O. vitrina are extremely variable, with male specimens possessing tibial formulas of 0.2.2, 1.2.2, 1.3.2, 2.2.2, 2.3.2, or 2.3.3 and female specimens possessing tibial formulas of 0.2.2, 1.2.2, 2.2.2, 2.3.2, or 2.3.3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA2FF86FC41A9A4FD767AB6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFADFF86FF52AA58FC0F79B6.text	862D87A3FFADFF86FF52AA58FC0F79B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus Walker 1852	<div><p>Genus Polymorphanisus Walker, 1852</p><p>Polymorphanisus Walker, 1852: 78 [Type species: Polymorphanisus nigricornis Walker, by monotypy].</p><p>Oestropsis Brauer, 1868: 263 [Type species: Oestropsis semperi Brauer, by monotypy; synonymised by Ulmer, 1907: 19].</p><p>Diagnosis. Head with one pair of warts on vertex. Antennae usually twice as long as forewings. Sc and R 1 in forewings separately terminating on wing margin. Specimen whitish to greenish when fresh and usually brownish if stored in alcohol for long periods of time. Mesothoracic legs with tibia and tarsus broadened.</p><p>Remarks. Barnard (1980) subdivided this genus into an ‘ ocularis- group’ and ‘ nigricornis- group’ and mentioned that additional work could determine whether the groups deserved generic status. However, because it is difficult to find male specimens and because the larvae of most species are unknown, the present study did not attempt to resolve the monophyly of the two species groups. Polymorphanisus species can be easily distinguished from one another by clearly distinct mesonotum, mesoscutellum, and metascutum markings.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFADFF86FF52AA58FC0F79B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFADFF84FC10AB58FE717EAB.text	862D87A3FFADFF84FC10AB58FE717EAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus astictus Navas 1923	<div><p>Polymorphanisus astictus Navás, 1923</p><p>(Figs. 183, 193, 202–204, 226)</p><p>Polymorphanisus astictus Navás, 1923: 47 [Lectotype male; China; MNHN (Barnard, 1980: 79)].</p><p>Polymorphanisus hainanensis Martynov, 1930: 82 [Holotype male; China; NHMUK; synonymised by Barnard, 1980: 79].</p><p>Polymorphanisus flavipes Banks, 1939: 53 [Holotype female; India; MCZ; synonymised by Barnard, 1980: 79].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 50 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 23 mm and hind wing 15 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings (Fig. 183). Tibial spurs 1.3.3.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. In dorsal view, phallus with rounded apex (Fig. 204). Segment IX produced into rounded lobe. In dorsal view, segment</p><p>X with reduced lobes with almost not obvious separation medially (Fig. 226).</p><p>Female. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 25 mm and hind wing 15 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings (Fig. 183). Tibial spurs 1.3.3.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 1 male, 1 female, Kuiburi National Park, Prajuab, Kirikhan Province, coll. P. Laudee, 15 February 2015 (UPLBMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. China, India, Thailand, Malaysia (Johor, Pahang), Sumatra.</p><p>Remarks. Barnard (1980) provided a detailed redescription of this species. Other diagnostic characters are illustrated in Figs. 183, 193, 202–204, and 226.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFADFF84FC10AB58FE717EAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFAFFF84FF59AE4AFD297B11.text	862D87A3FFAFFF84FF59AE4AFD297B11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus fuscus Ulmer 1905	<div><p>Polymorphanisus fuscus Ulmer, 1905</p><p>(Figs. 184–185, 194, 205–207, 227)</p><p>Oestropsis fusca Ulmer, 1905b: 42 [Holotype female; Sumatra; MZPW (Tomaszewski, 1961: 4)].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 20 mm and hind wing 15 mm in length. Mesoscutum without evident markings. Mesoscutellum with dark brown spot covering anterior third (Fig. 184). Tibial spurs 1.3.3.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. In dorsal view, phallus produced into two apical lobes (Fig. 207). In lateral view, segment X with blunt triangular projection pointing caudad (Fig. 206).</p><p>Female. Antennae and wing lengths same as for male. Mesoscutum with two squarish dark brown markings occupying almost half of total area. Mesoscutellum with large oval dark brown spot covering nearly whole area (Fig. 185). Tibial spurs 1.3.3.</p><p>Material examined. Indonesia: 2 males, 3 females, Sumatra, Aek Tarum, coll. E.W. Diehl, 6 January 1978 (HMPC); 3 males, 2 females, Sumatra, Aek Tarum, coll. E.W. Diehl, 7 August 1994 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia (Johor).</p><p>Remarks. Barnard (1980) provided a detailed redescription of this species. However, we examined individuals with different tibial spur formula of 2.3.3. Other diagnostic characters are illustrated in Figs. 184, 185, 194, 205–207, and 227.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFAFFF84FF59AE4AFD297B11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFAFFF84FF3FAA21FA35780B.text	862D87A3FFAFFF84FF3FAA21FA35780B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus muluensis Barnard 1980	<div><p>Polymorphanisus muluensis Barnard, 1980</p><p>(Figs. 186, 195, 208–210, 228)</p><p>Polymorphanisus muluensis Barnard, 1980: 87 [Holotype male; Borneo; NHMUK].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 50 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 15 mm and hind wing 10 mm in length. Mesoscutum without evident markings. Mesoscutellum with paired dark brown markings as shown (Fig. 186). Tibial spurs 2.3.3.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago blunt and shorter than in other species. In dorsal view, phallus with distinctive wide opening because of phallotremal sclerite (Fig. 210). Segment X divided medially, each half with double lobular structure (Fig. 228).</p><p>Female. Antennae 45 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 20 mm and hind wing 15 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum same as male (Fig. 186). Tibial spurs 2.3.3.</p><p>Material examined. Vietnam: 2 males, Nam Cat Tien, coll. H. Malicky, 17–25 June 1995 (HMPC); Laos: 2 females, Central Province, Viangchan, coll. Holzschuh, 1–8 June 1996 (HMPC); Thailand: 1 male, Sakon Nakhon Province, Nam Phung, coll. C. J. Uy, 20 May 2015 (UPLBMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Barnard (1980) provided a detailed redescription of this species. However, we examined individuals with different tibial spur formula of 1.3.2 or 1.3.3. Other diagnostic characters are illustrated in Figs. 186, 195, 208–210, and 228.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFAFFF84FF3FAA21FA35780B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFAFFF85FCFDA92BFC917A37.text	862D87A3FFAFFF85FCFDA92BFC917A37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus nigricornis Walker 1852	<div><p>Polymorphanisus nigricornis Walker, 1852</p><p>(Figs. 187, 196, 211–213, 229)</p><p>Polymorphanisus nigricornis Walker, 1852: 79 [Holotype male; India; NHMUK]; Betten &amp; Mosely, 1940: 212–214, Figs. 106a–106d (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 40 mm in length. Antennal flagellum light brown with darker striations. Forewing 20 mm and hind wing 15 mm in length. Mesoscutum without evident markings. Mesoscutellum with paired dark brown spots located on each side (Fig 187). Tibial spurs 1.3.3.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago short and blunt. In lateral view, phallus with broad and somewhat flat apex (Fig. 212). In dorsal view, segment IX curved and segment X divided medially with two lobes each side (Fig. 229).</p><p>Female. Antennae 50 mm in length. Antennal flagellum basal half darker brown and getting lighter throughout apical half. Forewing 25 mm and hind wing 12 mm in length. Mesoscutum without evident markings. Mesoscutellum same as male (Fig 187). Tibial spurs 1.3.3.</p><p>Material examined. Vietnam: 12 females, Nam Cat Tien, coll. H. Malicky, 17–25 June 1995 (HMPC); Laos: 1 male, Vientiane Province, Lao Pako, coll. J. Bezdek, 1–4 May 2004 (HMPC) .</p><p>RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2018</p><p>Distribution. India, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Sumatra, Java.</p><p>Remarks. Barnard (1980) provided a clear redescription and remarks of this species. However, we examined individuals with different tibial spur formula of 2.3.3. Other diagnostic characters are illustrated in Figs. 187, 196, 211–213, and 229.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFAFFF85FCFDA92BFC917A37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFAEFF82FF6FABC6FEBF7ABC.text	862D87A3FFAEFF82FF6FABC6FEBF7ABC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus ocularis Ulmer 1906	<div><p>Polymorphanisus ocularis Ulmer, 1906</p><p>(Figs. 197, 214–216, 230)</p><p>Polymorphanisus ocularis Ulmer, 1906: 60 [Lectotype female; Java; RMNH]; Barnard, 1980: 100 (redescription).</p><p>Polymorphanisus indicus Banks, 1911: 105 [Holotype female; India; MCZ; synonymised by Barnard, 1980: 100].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 23 mm in length. Antennal flagellum light brown with darker striations. Forewing 17 mm with two brown spots and hind wing 8 mm in length (Fig. 197). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings like P. astictus (Fig. 183). Tibial spurs 1.3.2.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages unsegmented, broad at middle and narrow at apex (Fig. 214). In dorsal view, segment IX square-shaped almost covering segment X; segment X bifid (Fig. 230).</p><p>Female. Antennae 20 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing and hind wing length same as male. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum same as male, without evident markings (Fig. 183). Tibial spurs 1.3.2.</p><p>Material examined. Indonesia: 1 female, Sumatra, Dolok Merangir, coll. E.W. Diehl, 1–5 May 1972 (HMPC) ; Laos: 1 female, Central Ban Phabat, coll. C. Holzschuh, 27 April–1 May 1997 (HMPC) ; Thailand: 1 male, Ton Nga Chang, coll. H. Malicky, 4–5 May 1993 (HMPC) ; 1 male, Sakon Nakhon Province, Nam Phung, coll. C.J. Uy, 20 May 2015 (UPLBMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Burma, Java, Sumatra, Laos, Malaysia (Johor), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Figs. 202–225. Polymorphanisus male genitalia. 202–204, astictus; 205–207, fuscus; 208–210, muluensis; 211–213, nigricornis; 214–216, ocularis; 217–219, quadripunctatus; 220–222, scutellatus; 223–225, unipunctus . Lateral view, 202, 205, 208, 211, 214, 217, 220, 223; Phallus, 203, 206, 209, 212, 215, 218, 221, 224; Phallus tip, 204, 207, 210, 213, 216, 219, 222, 225. Scale = 0.5 mm.</p><p>Remarks. This is the only Polymorphanisus species in Southeast Asia belonging to ocularis- group of Barnard (1980). This species can be distinguished by big eyes, brown forewing spots, and a tibial spur formula of 1.3.2. We provide redescription of this species based on our recent materials as the original description and redescriptions are less informative.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFAEFF82FF6FABC6FEBF7ABC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA9FF83FF23AA5DFE207927.text	862D87A3FFA9FF83FF23AA5DFE207927.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus quadripunctatus Ulmer 1951	<div><p>Polymorphanisus quadripunctatus Ulmer, 1951</p><p>(Figs. 188, 198, 217–219, 231)</p><p>Polymorphanisus quadripunctatus Ulmer, 1951: 186 [Holotype female; Borneo; ZMUH]; Weidner, 1964: 91 (Holotype depository).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 40 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 22 mm and hind wing 12 mm in length. Mesoscutum and metascutum with evident markings as shown in Fig. 188. Mesoscutellum without evident markings (Fig. 188). Tibial spurs 1.3.3.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. In dorsal view, phallus with circular apex with endothecal lining very obvious (Fig. 219). In dorsal view, segment IX curved apically (Fig. 231).</p><p>Female. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing and hind wing length same as male. Mesoscutum and metascutum with evident markings same as male (Fig. 188). Mesoscutellum without evident markings (Fig. 188). Tibial spurs 1.3.3.</p><p>Material examined. Malaysia: 2 males, 9 females, Sabah, Kinabalu National Park, coll. I. Sivec, 22 April 1999 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Philippines.</p><p>Remarks. Barnard (1980) provided a detailed redescription and remarks of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA9FF83FF23AA5DFE207927	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFA8FF83FF5AA8F6FC077BC4.text	862D87A3FFA8FF83FF5AA8F6FC077BC4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus scutellatus Banks 1939	<div><p>Polymorphanisus scutellatus Banks, 1939</p><p>(Figs. 190, 191, 200, 220–222, 233)</p><p>Polymorphanisus scutellatus Banks, 1939: 55 [Holotype female; Borneo; MCZ].</p><p>Polymorphanisus scutellaris Banks; Kimmins, 1955: 399 (incorrect spelling of scutellatus Banks).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 50 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 20 mm and hind wing 14 mm in length (Fig. 200). Mesoscutum without evident markings. Mesoscutellum with two oval markings as in Fig. 190. Tibial spurs 1.3.2.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago as thick as coxopodite (Fig. 220). Phallus with wide opening in apex (Figs. 221, 222). Segment IX squarish, curving apicodorsad (Fig, 220). In dorsal view, segment X bifid with each half consisting of two lobes (Fig. 233).</p><p>Female. Antennae 35 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing and hind wing length same as male. Mesoscutum without evident markings. Mesoscutellum with two larger dark spots covering almost whole area and in some individuals looking like lung shape (Fig. 191). Tibial spurs 1.3.2.</p><p>Material examined. Indonesia: 2 males, 2 females, Aek Tarum, coll. H. Malicky, 6 March 1994 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi.</p><p>Remarks. Barnard (1980) only observed one type of thoracic markings for this species (Fig. 190), whereas Ulmer (1951) reported two variations. The specimens examined here exhibited two types of thoracic markings, and the males were different from the females (Figs. 190, 191). The examined specimens possessed tibial spur formulas of 2.3.2, 1.3.3, or 1.3.3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFA8FF83FF5AA8F6FC077BC4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFABFF80FF56ADEBFEFA7E75.text	862D87A3FFABFF80FF56ADEBFEFA7E75.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus semperi Brauer 1868	<div><p>Polymorphanisus semperi Brauer, 1868</p><p>(Figs. 189, 199, 232)</p><p>Oestropsis semperi Brauer, 1868: 264 [Lectotype male; Philippines ( Mindanao), IRSNB].</p><p>Polymorphanisus semperi Brauer; Ulmer, 1907: 23.</p><p>Distribution. Philippines (Mindanao).</p><p>Remarks. The male wings (Fig. 199), thorax (Fig. 189) and male genitalia (Fig. 232) were redrawn from Barnard (1980; figs. 104–109).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFABFF80FF56ADEBFEFA7E75	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFABFF80FF40AF04FB5A7CAB.text	862D87A3FFABFF80FF40AF04FB5A7CAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polymorphanisus unipunctus Banks 1939	<div><p>Polymorphanisus unipunctus Banks, 1939</p><p>(Figs. 192, 201, 223–225, 234)</p><p>Polymorphanisus unipunctus Banks, 1939: 53 [Holotype female; China; USNM]; Banks, 1940: 206 (redescription of holotype female); Fischer, 1963: 209 (catalogue); Barnard, 1980 (redescription of holotype female); Malicky, 1998a: 402 (description of male).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 60 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 22 mm and hind wing 15 mm in length. Mesoscutum without evident markings. Mesoscutellum with two dark brown spots smaller than found in other species (Fig. 192). Tibial spurs 1.3.2.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. In lateral view, phallus with squarish apex (Fig. 225). In dorsal view, segment IX with curved apex (Fig. 234). Segment X divided medially (Fig. 234).</p><p>Female. Antennae 40 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing and hind wing length same as male. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum same as male (Fig. 192). Tibial spurs 1.3.2.</p><p>Material examined. Vietnam: 1 male, Nam Cat Tien, coll. H. Malicky, 17–25 June 1995 (HMPC); Thailand: 1 female, Umgebung Pai Huai Mae Ya, coll. H. Malicky, 20 April 2000 (HMPC); 1 female, Mae Hong Son, Muang Pai Resort, coll. H. Malicky, 3–16 May 2005 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. China, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Banks (1939) briefly described this species for the first time using a female specimen from China, which was designated as holotype. A redescription was made by Banks (1940) with a remark “new species” using the designated holotype and additional one female which was designated as paratype (in MCZ). Fischer (1963) regarded the first description of this species (Banks, 1939) as “nomenclaturially invalid” and the authorship of this species to be Banks (1940) probably because of the remark “new species” in the second paper. Barnard (1980), with his redescription of holotype of this species, disagreed on Fischer’s (1963) opinion and corrected the authorship of this species to be Banks (1939). Malicky (1998a) provided a male description of this species. We follow Barnard (1980) that Banks (1939) officially described this species for the first time with valid holotype designation and description.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFABFF80FF40AF04FB5A7CAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFABFFBEFC1FA9C1FE537CAB.text	862D87A3FFABFFBEFC1FA9C1FE537CAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoleptonema erawan Malicky & Chantaramongkol 2001	<div><p>Pseudoleptonema erawan Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 2001</p><p>(Figs. 235–239)</p><p>Pseudoleptonema erawan Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol (in Malicky et al., 2001): 12 [Holotype male; Thailand; HMPC]; Hoang et al., 2005: 172 (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 22 mm in length. Antennal flagellum uniformly dark brown with striations not much darker than colour of segments. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 5 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented (Fig. 236). In lateral view, phallus bent, with curved elongated apex (Fig. 238), with broad opening in dorsal view (Fig. 239). In dorsal view, segment X widely separated medially (Fig. 237).</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 3 males, Lamphun Province, Mae Ping, coll. A. Nuntakwang, 22 April 2003 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. India, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. Fore- and hind wing images were not provided because the observed specimens were old, and the wing pattern was no longer clear. Therefore, forewing drawing (Fig. 235) is provided to show the difference of the wing pattern to other Pseudoleptonema species. No female specimens were available for examination.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFABFFBEFC1FA9C1FE537CAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FFABFF80FC17AC4AFAD37831.text	862D87A3FFABFF80FC17AC4AFAD37831.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoleptonema Mosely 1933	<div><p>Genus Pseudoleptonema Mosely, 1933</p><p>Pseudoleptonema Mosely, 1933: 8 [Type species: Macronema ceylanicum Hagen, 1858, by original designation].</p><p>Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other Macronematinae genera by forewing Rs base entire. Head with five setal warts; two anterior, two posterior and one anteromesal setal wart (Fig. 256). Wing pattern dark brown in alcohol with white patterns varying in every species.</p><p>Remarks. Mosely (1933) established the genus Pseudoleptonema based on the type species Leptonema ceylanicum Hagen, 1858 . It was originally described as Macronema ceylanicum Hagen, 1858 but Ulmer transferred it in Leptonema (1907) . Mosely (1933) established the genus Pseudoleptonema based on the type species Leptonema ceylanicum Hagen, 1858 because the generic characters of L. ceylanicum such as number of spurs, venation, genitalia, and maxillary palps do not fit those of the genus Leptonema . Mosely (1933) initially characterised the genus Pseudoleptonema as possessing 1.4.4 spurs, maxillary palpi with second segments slightly longer than the third, forewings with upper R branch running into the first apical sector, and forked Sc. However, P. quinquefasciatum Martynov, 1935 has 0.4.4 tibial spurs, and the forewing Sc of P. supalak Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1998 is not forked.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FFABFF80FC17AC4AFAD37831	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF95FFBEFF0CAC4AFDAF79F6.text	862D87A3FF95FFBEFF0CAC4AFDAF79F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum Martynov 1935	<div><p>Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum Martynov, 1935</p><p>(Figs. 251–256)</p><p>Macronema quinquefasciatum Martynov, 1935: 190 [Holotype male; India; NZSI]; Malicky, 1998b: 779 (redescription, transferred from genus Macronema): Hoang et al., 2005: 171 (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 20 mm in length. Antennal flagellum dark brown. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 5 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 0.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago long, about as long as coxopodite (Fig. 252). In dorsal view, phallus with two lobular structures widely separated making middle tongue like structure very evident (Fig. 255). Length of tongue like structure longer than phallus apex. In lateral view, phallus with circular apex making tongue like segment appear originating from base pointing apically (Fig. 254). Segment X bifid with curved apex (Fig. 253).</p><p>Female. Antennae 12 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 8 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum same as male. Tibial spurs 0.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 40 males, 47 females, Mae Wang Province, Mae Wang stream, coll. C.J. Uy, 13 May 2015 (UPLBMNH) .</p><p>Distribution. India, Nepal, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. This species was well redescribed and illustrated by Malicky (1998b) and Hoang et al. (2005). The wings (Fig. 251) were photographed, genitalia (Figs. 252–255) and dorsal head (Fig. 256) were redrawn.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF95FFBEFF0CAC4AFDAF79F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF95FFBEFF49A887FB0D7E2B.text	862D87A3FF95FFBEFF49A887FB0D7E2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoleptonema sinuatum Ulmer 1906	<div><p>Pseudoleptonema sinuatum Ulmer, 1906</p><p>(Figs. 240–244)</p><p>Macronema sinuatum Ulmer, 1906: 71 [Holotype male; Borneo; LMNH].</p><p>Pseudoleptonema sinuatum Ulmer; Malicky, 1998b: 780 (redescription, transferred from genus Macronema).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 23 mm in length. Antennal flagellum light brown with darker striations. Forewing 11 mm and hind wing 8 mm in length with light brown markings (Fig. 240). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. In lateral and dorsal view, phallus with more rounded apex than P. supalak (Fig. 243, 244). Segment X with prominent rounded tip with setal warts (Fig 241). In dorsal view, setal area in tip of segment X like oval area only attached at surface of segment X (Fig. 242).</p><p>Female. Antennae 20 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 10 mm and hind wing 8 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum same as male. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Materials examined. Indonesia: 1 male, 8 females, East Kalimantan, Pujungan, Kayan-Mentarang Natural reserve, coll. D.C. Darling, 1–2 March 1993 (ROM: 112643) ; 1 female, East Kalimantan, Seturan River, coll. P. Derleth and M. Sartori, 20 April 2001 (HMPC) ; Malaysia: 3 males, Sabah, Kinabalu National Park, Poring hot spring, coll. I. Sivec, 22 April 1999 (HMPC).</p><p>Distribution. Borneo, Indonesia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF95FFBEFF49A887FB0D7E2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF95FFBEFC1DAFCBFB897455.text	862D87A3FF95FFBEFC1DAFCBFB897455.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoleptonema supalak Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1998	<div><p>Pseudoleptonema supalak Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 245–249)</p><p>Pseudoleptonema supalak Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol (in Malicky, 1998b): 780 [Holotype male; Thailand; HMPC]; Hoang et al., 2005: 172 (redescription).</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 23 mm in length. Antennal flagellum light brown with darker striations. Forewing 11 mm and hind wing 8 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented. In lateral view, phallus with round apex (Fig. 248) and with large opening in ventral view (Fig. 249). Segment X with broad apex in lateral view (Fig. 246) and medially separated in dorsal view (Fig. 247).</p><p>Female. Antennae 15 mm in length. Antennal flagellum same colouration as male. Forewing 7 mm and hind wing 6 mm in length. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum same as male. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Thailand: 1 male, Pranlaeng, coll. H. Malicky, 22 September 1996 (HMPC).</p><p>Paratypes. Thailand: 6 males, 1 female, Pranlaeng, coll. H. Malicky, 22 September 1996 (HMPC) .</p><p>Additional material examined. Thailand: 10 males, 10 females, Lampang Province Chaeson National Park, coll. H. Malicky, 25–26 May 2005 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Remarks. The wing patterns of the P. supalak specimens were consistent, with a white V-shaped mark on the forewing (Fig. 245). However, this pattern is also observed in some P. erawan specimens. In such cases, specimens can be identified based on the structure of the phallus and segment X. The body of P. supalak is also narrower than that of P. erawan, and P. supalak possesses an obvious flap on the edge of its forewing.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF95FFBEFC1DAFCBFB897455	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF94FFBFFF1AADEBFD357E10.text	862D87A3FF94FFBFFF1AADEBFD357E10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoleptonema tansoongnerni Laudee & Malicky 2017	<div><p>Pseudoleptonema tansoongnerni Laudee &amp; Malicky, 2017</p><p>(Fig. 257)</p><p>Pseudoleptonema tansoongnerni Laudee &amp; Malicky, 2017: 384 [Holotype male; Laos; PSUNHM].</p><p>Remarks. According to the figures in the original description (Laudee &amp; Malicky, 2017), the genitalia are quite similar to those of P. quinquefasciatum . The wing pattern of P. tansoongerni can be distinguished from that of P. quiquefasciatum by having a large transparent region subapically (Laudee &amp; Malicky, 2017) (Fig. 257).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF94FFBFFF1AADEBFD357E10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF94FFBFFF71A9A7FABF7D08.text	862D87A3FF94FFBFFF71A9A7FABF7D08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichomacronema paniae Malicky & Chantaramongkol 1991	<div><p>Trichomacronema paniae Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1991</p><p>(Figs. 258–262)</p><p>Trichomacronema paniae Malicky &amp; Chantaramongkol, 1991: 114 [Holotype male; Thailand; HMPC].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 35 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing about 15 mm and hind wing about 7 mm. Wing pattern as shown (Fig. 258). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago short and blunt (Fig. 259). In lateral view and dorsal view, phallus with round apex (Fig. 261–262). Segment X bifid and short (Fig. 260).</p><p>Female. Antennae 25 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing about 15 mm and hind wing 7 mm in length. Wing pattern same as male. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Material examined. Thailand: 2 males, Lampang Province, Chaeson National Park, coll. H. Malicky, 25–26 May 2005 (CNC 279896) , 30 females, Lampang Province, Chaeson</p><p>National Park, coll. H. Malicky, 25–26 May 2005 (HMPC); Myanmar: 1 male, Pin Tao waterfall, Keng Tung, Shan state, coll. P. Laudee, 20 October 2014 .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand, Vietnam, Myanmar.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF94FFBFFF71A9A7FABF7D08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF94FFBFFF63AF21FEF47896.text	862D87A3FF94FFBFFF63AF21FEF47896.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichomacronema Schmid 1964	<div><p>Genus Trichomacronema Schmid, 1964</p><p>T r i c h o m a c r o n e m a S c h m i d, 1 9 6 4: 8 4 0 [T y p e s p e c i e s: Trichomacronema shanorum Schmid, 1964, designation].</p><p>Diagnosis. This genus can be distinguished from other Macronematinae genera by having forewing venation of Rs base obsolete, joined to R1 by cross-vein. Body black when fresh and brown in alcohol. Head with five setal warts with two anterior setal warts larger then posterior. Anteromesal setal wart large and obvious. Discoidal cell present and minute.</p><p>Remarks. Only two Trichomacronema species ( T. tamdao and T. paniae) have been reported in Southeast Asia, and both are distributed in Thailand and Vietnam. The new Trichomacronema vietnamemsis Uy, Malicky &amp; Bae, new species that is described here represents the third species from Southeast Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF94FFBFFF63AF21FEF47896	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF94FFBFFC1EAC2AFC227A31.text	862D87A3FF94FFBFFC1EAC2AFC227A31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichomacronema tamdao Malicky 1998	<div><p>Trichomacronema tamdao Malicky, 1998</p><p>(Figs. 263–267)</p><p>Trichomacronema tamdao Malicky, 1998b: 779 [Holotype male; Vietnam; HMPC].</p><p>Diagnosis. Male. Antennae 30 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing about 18 mm and hind wing 9 mm in length. Wing pattern as shown (Fig. 263). Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Male genitalia. Inferior appendages two-segmented, harpago longer than T. paniae, as long as almost half of coxopodite length (Fig. 264). In lateral view, phallus with oval and broad apex (Fig. 266) and narrow dorsally (Fig. 267). Segment X bifid and short (Fig. 265).</p><p>Female. Antennae 33 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Forewing 18 mm and hind wing 9 mm in length. Wing pattern same as male. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Vietnam: 1 male, Tam Dao, coll. H. Malicky, 19 May–13 June 1995 (HMPC).</p><p>Paratypes. Vietnam: 2 males, Tam Dao, coll. H. Malicky, 19 May –13 June 1995 (HMPC) .</p><p>Additional material examined. Laos: 3 females, Hua Phan Province, Phou Pan, coll. C. Holzschuh, 19–21 June 2014 (HMPC) .</p><p>Distribution. Thailand, Vietnam, Laos.</p><p>Remarks. Trichomacronema tamdao and T. paniae can be easily distinguished by their phalli (Figs. 261, 266). Furthermore, the body of T. tamdao is slenderer than that of T. paniae . However, female specimens may be difficult to identify.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF94FFBFFC1EAC2AFC227A31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF94FFBDFC0DABC1FD277AAB.text	862D87A3FF94FFBDFC0DABC1FD277AAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trichomacronema vietnamensis Uy & Malicky & Bae 2018	<div><p>Trichomacronema vietnamensis, new species</p><p>(Figs. 268–271)</p><p>Description. Male. Unknown.</p><p>Female. Antennae 26 mm in length. Antennal flagellum brown with darker striations. Head dark brown with five lighter setal warts; pair of large anterior setal warts occupying almost anterior half of head, very close to anteromesal setal wart; pair of posterior setal warts smaller. Forewing 23 mm in length (Fig. 268); veins Sc and R1 not joined; Sc vein ending in costa; R1 not ending in costa, obsolete; base of Rs obsolete, joined to R1 by crossvein; discoidal cell present; medial cell obvious; thyridial cell long; nygmas present in middle of thyridial cell and fork II; Cu1 and Cu 2 not joined; crossvein cu-a present. Hind wing 9 mm in length; vein Sc joining R1, ending in costa; nygma present in fork II; median and thyridial cell absent. Wing pattern with alternating dark and brown longitudinal streak marks as shown in Figs. 268, 269, more evident in forewing; presence of dark brown marking concentrated on half of anterior margin of median cell running towards base of M1 vein of forewing (Fig. 268). Body large (about 12 mm in length) and dark brown in alcohol. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum without evident markings. Legs brown, with dark brown mark at basal end of tibia; Tibial spurs 1.4.4.</p><p>Female genitalia. Segment IX heavily sclerotised with row of long setae (Fig. 270). Ventral membrane with thick walls especially at posterior portion, with shorter setation posteriorly and longer setae anteriorly (Fig. 271). Dorsal papillary lobe close to cerci; ventral papillary lobe shorter and larger with heavy setation, situated distantly from cercus (Fig. 270).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype. Vietnam: female (KUEM0000002403), Lao Cai Province, Sa Pa County Muong Hoa, coll. D.H. Hoang &amp; Y.J. Bae, 23 April 2002 (KU).</p><p>Paratypes. Vietnam: 3 females (KUEM0000002404– KUEM0000002406), Lao Cai Province, Sa Pa County Muong Hoa, coll. D.H. Hoang &amp; Y.J. Bae, 23 April 2002 (KU) .</p><p>Distribution. Vietnam.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to Vietnam from which the species was collected.</p><p>Remarks. This species is obviously distinct from other congeners. Its wing structure is similar to that of T. shanorum Schmid, 1964, but its wing pattern is different. The radius and median forewing cells of T. shanorum possess white spots, whereas those of T. vietnamensis do not. The body of T. shanorum also possesses brown and dark-brown stripes, whereas that of T. vietnamensis is uniformly brown. As compared to the two species described from Southeast Asia, T. tamdao and T. paniae, this new species is much larger (whole body size was measured longitudinally from the head to the end of the forewing). Body size of T. tamdao and T. paniae are just half the size of T. vietnamensis . At a first glance, T. vietnamensis can be mistaken of a Macrostemum species because of the structure of head and thorax.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF94FFBDFC0DABC1FD277AAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
862D87A3FF96FFBBFF3EAA4AFA587832.text	862D87A3FF96FFBBFF3EAA4AFA587832.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macronematinae Ulmer 1905	<div><p>Key to the Genera and Species of the Tropical Southeast Asian Macronematinae (adult males)</p><p>1. Without mouthparts.................................................................2</p><p>– With mouthparts ..................................................................12</p><p>2. Forewing with ‘false’ discoidal cell formed by fusion of R4 and R5 after basal furcation (Fig. 1) ........................................ ................................ Aethaloptera ( Aethaloptera sexpunctata)</p><p>– Forewing without ‘false’ discoidal cell.................................3</p><p>3. Forewing without discoidal cell; Sc and R1 fused (Fig. 177); thorax without any brown spot markings................................. ....................................... Oestropsyche ( Oestropsyche vitrina)</p><p>– Forewing with discoidal cell; Sc and R1 not fused (Figs. 193 – 210); thorax with or without markings, either on mesoscutum or mesoscutellum....................................... Polymorphanisus 4</p><p>4. Without markings on mesoscutum and mesoscutellum (Fig. 183)..........................................................................................5</p><p>– With markings on either mesoscutum or mesoscutellum (Figs. 184–192) .................................................................................6</p><p>5. With two brown spots on forewing, one on median cell and one on discoidal cell (Fig. 194); male eyes large almost meeting ventrally; segment IX of male genitalia squarish apex dorsally (Fig. 230) ....................................... Polymorphanisus ocularis</p><p>– Without markings on forewing; eyes small, not meeting ventrally; segment IX of male genitalia produced into a spatulate lobe dorsally (Fig. 226 .................... Polymorphanisus astictus</p><p>6. Without markings on mesoscutellum; with large dark markings on each side of mesoscutum and metascutum (Fig. 188)........ ........................................... Polymorphanisus quadripunctatus</p><p>– With markings on mesoscutellum; mesoscutum with or without markings, metascutum without markings ...............................7</p><p>7. With only one oval spot at center of mesoscutellum (occupying whole mesoscutellum for female (Fig. 185) and covering only anterior third for male (Fig. 184); forewing with two brown spots at the basal portion (Fig. 194) Polymorphanisus fuscus</p><p>– With paired spots or markings on mesoscutellum; forewing without brown spots ................................................................8</p><p>8. Paired spots or markings of mesoscutellum situated near center .......................................................................................9</p><p>– Paired spots or markings each situated near edge of mesoscutellum.......................................................................10</p><p>9. Each of paired markings with darker area concentrated at anterior and posterior portion as shown (Fig. 186); segment X of male genitalia divided medially, each half with double lobe (Fig. 228)................................ olymorphanisus muluensis</p><p>– Paired spots small (Fig. 192); segment X of male genitalia divided medially with each lobe outer portion longer than the inner side (Fig. 234)................... Polymorphanisus unipunctus</p><p>10. With two large oval spots on mesoscutellum located on each side covering most of the area for female (Fig. 191) and smaller oval markings with darker areas concentrated on anterior and posterior ends for male (Fig. 190)............................................ .................................................... Polymorphanisus scutellatus</p><p>– With smaller oval spots on mesoscutellum for both male and female ....................................................................................11</p><p>11. Mesoscutellum spots at each side elongated (Fig. 189); segment X in dorsal view crown like in shape, divided medially with each half having longer inner lobe than the outer (Fig. 232). ......................................................... Polymorphanisus semperi</p><p>– Mesoscutellum spots located at each side circular (Fig. 187); segment X in dorsal view divided medially with each half bilobed (Fig. 229)....................... Polymorphanisus nigricornis</p><p>12. Forewing without discoidal cell, anal area dilated in males (Figs. 8, 12, 17, 26) ...................................... Amphipsyche 13</p><p>– Forewing with discoidal cell, sometimes very small...........19</p><p>13. Foretibia without spur ...........................................................14</p><p>– Foretibia with spur ................................................................16</p><p>14. Male phallotheca with three pairs of endothecal spines (Figs. 25, 33)....................................................................................15</p><p>– Male phallotheca with only 2 pairs of endothecal spines, mid and ventral spines short, dorsal endothecal spine absent (Figs. 29, 30)................................................. Amphipsyche meridiana</p><p>15. Very large species 22–25 mm; with pair of round markings on mesoscutellum (Fig. 23) .................... Amphipsyche magna</p><p>– Small species 10 – 22 mm; without markings on mesoscutellum ........................................... Amphipsyche parva</p><p>16. Fork II on forewing stalked (Fig. 12); inferior appendages slender....................................................................................17</p><p>– Fork II on forewing not stalked (Fig. 8); coxopodite very much broader than harpago (Fig. 9) ............ Amphipsyche bifasciata</p><p>17. Male phallus with everted endotheca, connective membrane bearing many small spines (Figs. 15, 16) ................................ .............................................................. Amphipsyche exsiliens</p><p>– Male phallus without everted endotheca ..............................18</p><p>18. Forewing pattern with five dark brown spots and other paler brown markings (Fig. 17); male phallotheca with large dorsal leaf-like lobes (Figs. 20, 21)................. Amphipsyche gratiosa</p><p>– Forewing with only one dark brown spot in fork I; male phallotheca without dorsal leaf-like lobes (Figs. 35, 36) ........ .............................................................. Amphipsyche petiolata</p><p>19. R1 on hind wing fused with Sc (Fig. 172); segment X of male genitalia bilobed with warts and clusters of setae, each lobe elongated (Figs. 49, 92, 128, 77)................. Macrostemum 27</p><p>– R1 on hind wing ending on R2+3, joined to Sc with a short cross-vein (Fig. 240); segment X bilobed, lobes not as longer as Macrostemum sp. (Figs. 237, 260, 265) ..........................20</p><p>20. Species size ranging from 15–24 mm; forewing with base of Rs obsolete, joined to R1 by cross-vein; phallus apex without complicated structures........................... Trichomacronema 21</p><p>– Smaller species 10–12 mm; forewing base of Rs entire; phallus with more complicated structures in apex than ....................... ................................................................ Pseudoleptonema 23</p><p>21. Species 15–22 mm; forewing black with white marking rectangular and V-shape markings (Figs. 258, 263)............22</p><p>– Species very large 22–24 mm; forewing lighter with white markings different with previous (Fig. 268) (only female known) ............. Trichomacronema vietnamensis new species</p><p>22. Phallus apex rounded in lateral view (Fig. 261)...................... ......................................................... Trichomacronema paniae</p><p>– Phallus apex oval and broad in lateral view (Fig. 266)........... ........................................................ Trichomacronema tamdao</p><p>23. Phallus having circular apex with tongue-like projection from base pointing apically (Fig. 254)..........................................24</p><p>– Phallus having circular apex without tongue-like projection .. ...............................................................................................25</p><p>24. Body black and may appear dark brown in alcohol; forewing with black and white bands (Fig. 251)..................................... ......................................... Pseudoleptonema quinquefasciatum</p><p>– Body yellowish brown; forewing yellowish brown and black with white bands similar to P. quinquefasciatum but with large transparent region subapically (Fig. 257)................................. .............................................. Pseudoleptonema tansoongnerni</p><p>25. Phallus with curved elongated apex (Fig. 238); segment X widely separated medially in dorsal view forming a U-shaped opening at the middle (Fig. 237).... Pseudoleptonema erawan</p><p>– Phallus with rounded apex (Figs. 243, 248); segment X not as widely separated medially as above (Figs. 242, 247)..........26</p><p>26. Segment X with rounded setal area at tip in dorsal view (Fig. 241); forewing with white circular and long V-shape white markings, apex evenly curved (Fig. 240)................................. ...................................................... Pseudoleptonema sinuatum</p><p>– Segment X without setal area at tip (Fig. 246); forewing with a small V-shape marking, apex with anterior half longer than posterior half (Fig. 245).................. Pseudoleptonema supalak</p><p>27. Forewing half dark brown, half pale (Fig. 37); head is yellow, unmarked except the silvery mark near eyes........................... Macrostemum albardanum</p><p>– Forewing marking not as above; head usually dark brown to yellowish with dark brown bands.........................................28</p><p>28. Forewing without markings; phallus apex squaris.................9</p><p>– Forewing with evident dark brown and light markings; phallus not squarish ..........................................................................30</p><p>29. Segment X without bifid protrusion at apex (Fig. 138); phallus with tongue-like protrusion in dorsal view (Fig. 141); distributed in Sabah, Borneo .................................. Macrostemum pallipes</p><p>– Segment X with bifid protrusion at apex in lateral view (Fig. 173); phallus without protrusion in dorsal view (Fig 176); distributed in the Philippines ....................... Macrostemum sp.</p><p>30. Species yellowish; with dark brown band markings in the middle of the forewing running through the entire width (Figs. 90, 126)..................................................................................31</p><p>– Species either dark brown or light brown, or if species is yellowish, without forewing markings as above..................32</p><p>31. Dark brown stripe along middle of the width of forewing somewhat straight, anterior band thicker and narrowing posteriorly until the arculus and continuing with a dot like dark brown spot (Fig. 90) ................. Macrostemum fastosum</p><p>– Dark brown stripe along middle of the width of forewing curving anteriorly (Fig. 126) ................. Macrostemum midas</p><p>32. Forewing with orange, white and black markings (Fig. 54); segment X with each lobes longer as compared to the male genitalia of other Macrostemum species (Fig. 56); species endemic in the Philippines ............... Macrostemum boettcheri</p><p>– Forewing not as above; segment X not as long as above; species can also be found in other geographic area.........................33</p><p>33. Species pale yellowish; forewing with dark brown spots ...34</p><p>– Species dark brown ...............................................................38</p><p>34. Forewing with three dark brown bands: one near base not reaching costa, one at middle formed by four connected spots, and one broad band almost covering apex (Fig. 165) ............. ....................................................... Macrostemum trifasciatum</p><p>– Forewing with dark brown spots instead of bands (Figs. 42, 149, 142–144)........................................................................35</p><p>35. Forewing with three dark brown spots or less; segment IX of male genitalia usually broad ................................................36</p><p>– Forewing with five dark brown spots or more (Fig. 149); segment IX of male genitalia thin and annular (Fig. 151) ...... ............................................. Macrostemum quinquepunctatum</p><p>36. Forewing with two or no dark brown spot (Figs. 142–144); phallus in lateral view with longer posterior portion of the apex (Fig. 147) making it having an opening anteriorly ......... .......................................................... Macrostemum punctatum</p><p>– Forewing with three dark brown spots; phallus in lateral view if with posterior portion, making it just like a protrusion and not an opening.......................................................................37</p><p>37. Forewing with three dark brown spots located on the radial sector, cubital area near base, and anal area almost near the posterior edge of forewing (Fig. 42) ... Macrostemum bacham</p><p>– Forewing with three dark brown spots located on crossvein behind median cell, in front of anal vein, and on vein from median to cubitus near base......... Macrostemum tripunctatum</p><p>38. Endemic to the Philippines ...................................................39</p><p>– Distributed in other area .......................................................40</p><p>39. Forewing darker apically and lighter basally, with two curved light bands divided in the middle, with lighter bands running toward the length of forewing occupying three-fourths of the length, and four lighter streak bands near the apex (Fig. 59). ............................................................ Macrostemum caliptera</p><p>– Forewing dark brown, with several silvery white marks as a subapical streak, two coastal spots tending to form V-shape, two spots near the base, and two streaks located toward the posterior portion of the forewing (Fig. 52) .............................. ................................................................ Macrostemum bellum</p><p>40. Phallus apex divided into two lobes (Figs. 68, 117, 163) ...41</p><p>– Phallus not divided into two lobes .......................................43</p><p>41. Phallus apex in lateral view opening widely forming a U-shape (Figs. 68, 163), in ventral view, apex round; segment X medially separated and joined at the center forming a V-shape area in dorsal view (Figs. 67, 162) ...................................................42</p><p>– Phallus opening V-shaped and not as deep as wide (Fig. 117), in ventral view, apex heart-shaped (Fig. 118); segment X medially separated with lobes directed downwards (Figs. 114, 116).......................................................... Macrostemum hestia</p><p>42. Phallus opening broad with each lobe thick (Fig. 163); forewing with white markings where one is C-shape occupying almost half of anterior area (Fig. 160)....... Macrostemum tonkinensis</p><p>– Phallus opening narrow, twice as deep as wide (Fig. 68); forewing with white markings as shown (Fig. 65).................. ............................................................. Macrostemum dairiana</p><p>43. Phallus with spine-like structure at the tip of apex (Figs. 73, 105)........................................................................................44</p><p>– Phallus without spine-like structure at the tip of apex.......45</p><p>44. Segment X with apical lobes separated by parallel-sided gap narrower than width of either lobe (Fig. 72); spine-like structure at the tip of phallus seems not pointed in dorsal view (Fig. 74), but obviously pointed in lateral view (Fig. 73) ....................... .................................................................. Macrostemum dione</p><p>– Segment X with apical lobes separated by U-shaped gap (Figs. 103, 104); spine-like structure at the tip of the phallus pointed in dorsal view (Fig. 106) .............. Macrostemum fenestratum</p><p>45. Phallus with protrusion almost in the middle of the apex in lateral view (Figs. 63, 86).....................................................46</p><p>– Phallus without protrusion, or if with protrusion at apex, concentrated on posterior area..............................................47</p><p>46. Phallus with curved protrusion very obvious in ventral view (Fig. 89); forewing black in fresh specimens with white markings, three large across costa, other marking originating from arculus running upwards across the width of forewing (Fig. 85) ........ ............................................................ Macrostemum eleanora</p><p>– Phallus without protrusion in dorsal view; forewing with three white markings, two across costa and one originating from arculus (Fig. 60) ............................... Macrostemum centrotum</p><p>47. Phallus strongly convex subapicoventrally with apicoventral protrusion 90° from ventral margin basal of convexity in lateral view (Figs. 78, 50) ................................................................48</p><p>– Phallus rounded to an angle less than 90° in lateral view ..50</p><p>48. Phallus in dorsal view with apex oval narrowing in the body and with broad base (Fig. 51); segment X in lateral view narrowing toward apex (Fig. 48); forewing pattern dark brown in alcohol with white bands as shown in Fig. 47 ...................................... ....................................................... Macrostemum bellerophon</p><p>– Phallus in dorsal view with rounded apex; segment X in lateral view narrowing toward the apex but with broader tips with presence of warts (Fig. 76); forewing pattern with three white bands running across the length of the forewing as M. bellerophon, but no white markings running towards the length of the forewing length, or if there is very tiny white streak (Figs. 75, 170) .......................................................................49</p><p>49. Phallus in dorsal view with raised curve protrusion at apex (Fig. 79); forewing pattern with two white bands in anterior and one white band in posterior and one small streak band running toward forewing length (Fig. 75), but in some individuals, the small white streak is not evident .............................................. ................................................... Macrostemum distinguendum</p><p>– Phallus in dorsal view rounded; forewing pattern with four white bands running across the length of the forewing, two anterior and two posterior (Fig. 170) .... Macrostemum zenon</p><p>50. Phallus apex with ventral area much more protruded than anterior (Fig. 125); segment X lobes separated only half of length of segment X by narrow V-shaped notch (Fig. 124) ... .............................................................. Macrostemum luteipes</p><p>– Phallus apex not as above, if with protrusion, not as much protruded as above; segment X usually widely separated or if not, the lobes are not as attached as above..........................51</p><p>51. Phallus with truncate apex, in dorsal view as broad basally as apically, slightly narrower in middle (Fig. 165); forewing with variation (Figs. 131, 132)................. Macrostemum opulentum</p><p>– Phallus rounded; forewing pattern mostly black or brown with fewer pale areas that are not interconnected........................52</p><p>52. Forewing with white markings as shown in Fig. 53, most prominent large triangular marking at the middle part............ ..................................................... Macrostemum bifenestratum</p><p>– Forewing pattern with various white markings, but none dominating middle of wing...................................................53</p><p>53. Phallus apex with small tongue like projection in lateral view (Figs. 83, 110) .......................................................................54</p><p>– Phallus without small projection at apex .............................55</p><p>54. Phallus in dorsal view with apex as wide as base and twice as wide as middle (Fig. 84); forewing with four white markings, two triangular across costa, one linear running parallel to the length of forewing, and one circular near basal area (Fig. 80); segment X divided mesally by narrow V-shaped pad, with each side consisting of two lobes, one is smaller and located at anterior of major lobe (Fig. 82)......... Macrostemum dohrni</p><p>– Phallus in dorsal view with apical portion twice as wide as basal portion (Fig. 111); forewing with more than four white markings (Fig. 107); segment X bilobed and each lobe widely separated in dorsal view (Fig. 109 ..... Macrostemum floridum</p><p>55. Phallus with dorsal part of apex more protruded (Fig. 158) in lateral view, protrusion very much obvious in dorsal view (Fig. 159); segment X with each lobes widely separated forming a U-shape space (Fig. 157); forewing with variation (Fig. 154, 155)............................................................ Macrostemum seba</p><p>– Phallus with dorsal part of apex flat, ventral part a little longer in lateral view (Fig. 122); segment X with each lobe flat at apex (Fig. 121); forewing pattern as shown in Fig. 119 ......... ....................................................... Macrostemum indistinctum</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/862D87A3FF96FFBBFF3EAA4AFA587832	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Uy, Christine Jewel C.;Malicky, Hans;Bae, Yeon Jae	Uy, Christine Jewel C., Malicky, Hans, Bae, Yeon Jae (2018): Review of the filter-feeding caddisfly subfamily Macronematinae (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in tropical Southeast Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 66: 664-703, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5360916
