taxonID	type	description	language	source
863C3C638A6ABE5E227A2B649B3983B9.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 - 36) Materials examined: Holotype: 1 mature larva, India, Jammu and Kashmir, Udhampur district, Tawi River, Chenani, 33.03122 ° N, 75.20751 ° E, 1011 m, 14. xi. 2018, Coll. T. Kubendran and Akhil Nair. I / E 873 Paratype: 12 larvae, same data as holotype I / E 869. Description: Mature larva (Fig. 1): body brownish with black markings; length 6.5 - 7 mm; caudal filament 6 - 6.5 mm; median caudal filament 9 - 9.5 mm; antennae 2.3 - 2.5 mm (Fig. 35). Head: Head prognathous, brownish with pale white markings; three distinct black ocelli with slightly white colour markings. The upper layer of the head is slightly shallow. Eyes with pale reddish and lateral black (Fig. 7). Labrum wide, (3: 1 = width and length of middle) median shallow and lateral width small and long dense hair-like setae, anteriorly with a row of long numerous hair-like and small simple setae on the dorsal surface (Fig. 13); ventral surface with small hair-like setae. Hypopharynx with well-developed lateral process, lingua non-curved laterally, superlingua rounded anterior and hands wide laterally (Fig. 14). Mandibles curved smooth laterally with dense hair-like setae; left mandible incisors fused; outer and inner incisors with 3 + 2 teeth; inner incisor wide compared to outer; inner incisor almost same as outer incisor; inner incisor upper teeth longer than lower (Fig. 15); prostheca narrow with hair-like setae; the margin between prostheca and mola convex; dorsal margin without setae under mola; mola with 5 wide chambers with small setae; right mandible incisors fused; outer and inner incisors with 3 + 2 teeth; inner incisor slightly smaller than outer incisor; prostheca long and hair-like setae; the margin between prostheca and mola concave and gradually increase the mola convex; dorsal margin with 5 - 6 long setae under mola; outer margin with the convex triangular and closely large chamber with medially stout setae (Fig. 16). Maxillae long with palps III segmented; maxilla with inner-apical angle produced as long as a tusk-like process; palp elongated and bears long filtering simple setae; galea-lacinia outer margin deeply convex with long and small simple hair-like setae; inner margin with dense hair-like setae; crown inner and outer long hair-like setae; segment I with smooth excavation distally and outer margin with 7 - 8 simple setae; segment II narrow, inner side concave with 4 long, simple setae, outer side with 3 - 4 small setae; segment III apically blunt with a dorsal transverse row of long setae proximally, on inner side with a row of numerous long, simple setae, outer side with apically long simple setae (Figs. 17 - 18). Labium; glossae wide rounded laterally (bean shaped), anteriorly covered with small stout setae; paraglossae wide and laterally without blunt excavation, dorsal surface with medium dense hair-like, small stout setae and anterior margin with rows of dense hair-like setae; palps elongated, III segmented, with long and wide filtering and longitudinal setae; segment I wide with outer margin a row of numerous simple setae; segment II outer margin with rows of long, simple hair-like setae and dorsal surface with rows of numerous long, simple hair-like setae, ventral surface with three rows of long setae; segment III apically narrow with inner and outer margin long simple setae and dorsal surface small simple setae (Fig. 19). Thorax: Notum yellowish with diffuse black marking on lateral (Fig. 1); humeral setae on prothorax with small and long setae (Figs. 16 - 27), ventral surface of pro-notum black markings medially, mid-notum with light black circular marking and pale white marking entire area (Fig. 4). Legs yellowish black; each femur with black markings on middle and apex; mid and hind tibia with black colour marking on basal and fore tibia with black marking on base and apex. Foreleg (Figs. 20, 21): proximal and middle region of femur wide, narrow distally; dorsal surface without any setae on proximal part; middle and distal with black marking and a few simple rounded setae apically, anterior margin with long simple rounded setae apically; posterior margin with small simple and feathered setae; tibia inner margin with a row of long feathered, simple setae, dorsal surface with a row of irregular small setae; outer margin with long hair-like setae; inner margin of tarsi without setae, dorsal surface with small simple setae, outer surface hair-like setae; claw sharp apically with 12 - 13 denticles, basally 4 denticles, another denticle larger towards apex. Middle leg (Figs. 22, 23): dorsal surface of femora with small simple setae and long simple rounded setae near apex; anterior margin with long hair-like setae and irregular simple rounded setae in various lengths of apically; posterior margin with long simple, irregular rounded and small stout setae apically; inner margin of tibia with 8 - 9 spine-like irregular setae, outer margin with long hair-like setae, dorsal surface with small stout setae; outer and inner margin of tarsi with hair-like and small stout setae on dorsal. Hind leg (Fig. 24): dorsal surface of the femur with simple, rounded setae on apical in various lengths, small stout setae, anterior margin with long dense simple, apically rounded setae and hair-like setae, posterior margin with numerous simple apically rounded setae; tibiae inner and outer margin with rows of simple, apically rounded and hair-like setae, proximal of dorsal surface with few simple apically rounded setae and mixed with small hair-like setae; inner and outer margin of tarsi with hair-like and small stout setae on dorsal surface; claw with 13 - 14 denticles, basally 4 denticles and other denticles increasing size towards apex (Fig. 25). Hind wing pad present. Abdomen: Dorsal surface of terga I-IX yellowish, posterior region brown, tergum X dark brownish; posterolateral margin of abdominal terga I-VII with blunt spines and terga VII-IX pointed denticles (Fig. 1). Posterior margins of abdominal terga I-X with a row of regular, sharp denticles (Fig. 28); sterna medially pale white, laterally blackish (Figs. 4, 10). Gills present on terga II-VII, black colour; each gill two lamellae, gill II-V with 6 apical processes, gill VI smaller, gill VII smallest (Figs. 29 - 34). Caudal filament, yellow colour, each segment surrounding with stout setae and inner and outer margin with simple setae on each segment; setae smaller than the length of the corresponding segment (Fig. 36). Adult: Unknown. Etymology: The species is named in honour of Dr. Nikita Kluge in recognition of his significant contributions to the study of the subfamily Atalophlebiinae and his pivotal role in establishing the subgenus Dilatognathus. Distribution: Jammu Kashmir (UT), India. Diagnosis: Choroterpes (D.) klugei sp. nov. is closely related to Ch. (D.) triapicalis sp. nov. it can be differentiated from all other known species of the subgenus by the following combination of characters: (i) labrum wide, median shallow and lateral width small compared to C. triapicalis (Fig. 13); (ii) lingua slightly wide compare to C. triapicalis (Fig. 14); (iii) segment I of maxillary palp distally with smooth excavation; segment II narrow (Figs. 17 - 18); (iv) paraglossae wide and without blunt excavation laterally, glossae wide compared to C. triapicalis (Fig. 19); (v) Three new species of the subgenus Dilatognathus Kluge, 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) ... inner incisor of left mandible wide with 2 teeth, upper one longer than lower one, mola with 5 wide chamber with small setae (Fig. 15); (vi) posterior margin spines on each terga sharp and narrow (Fig. 28); (vii) femora with median and distal black markings, forefemur plain without any setae compare to C. triapicalis (Figs. 20, 22, 24); (ix) claw with 13 - 14 denticles, basally 4 denticles, and other denticles increasing size towards apex (Fig. 25). Ecology: The type-locality, Tawi River is located 37 km far from the Patnitop towards the Udhampur district (Fig. 96). The riverbed is mostly composed of boulders, gravel, sand and silt. The Tawi River is 2 - 2.5 m wide and 20 cm depth and medium water current (1.0 m / sec.) on the eastern part of Western Himalaya. The water temperature ranged between 12 - 14 ° C (seasonal variations). The larvae were collected at the stony bottom found at the edge of the Tawi River.	en	Vasanth, M., Kubendran, T., Subramanian, K. A. (2025): Three new species of the subgenus Dilatognathus Kluge, 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Western Himalaya, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 125 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i1/2025/172818, URL: https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v125/i1/2025/172818
863C3C638A6EBE56227A2C989A6B84DD.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 5, 8, 11, 37 - 68) Materials examined: Holotype: 1 mature larva, INDIA, Three new species of the subgenus Dilatognathus Kluge, 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) ... Himachal Pradesh, Hamirpur, Godha River, 31.60984 ° N, 76.34765 ° E, 512 m, 19. iii. 2021. Coll. T. Kubendran. I / E 871 Paratype: 20 larvae, same data as holotype I / E 872. Description: Mature larva (Fig. 2): body brownish yellow; length 6.5 - 7 mm; caudal filament 8.2 - 8.5 mm; antennae 2.2 - 2.4 mm (Fig. 68). Head: Head prognathous, yellowish brown with black markings; three distinct black-white ocelli with around distinct black colour markings. The upper layer of the head is slightly concave. Eyes with reddish and laterally black (Fig. 8). Labrum wide, (2.8: 0.8 = width and length of middle) median emargination deep shallow with blunt crenation on anterior margin (Fig. 37); dorsal surface with row of long numerous simple setae, small hair-like setae, lateral margin wide and ventral surface with long dense hair-like setae. Hypopharynx well-developed lateral process, lingua wide laterally, anterior margin deep V-shaped, superlingua rounded anterior and hands wide laterally (Fig. 38). Mandibles moderately curved laterally with dense hair-like setae. Left mandible fused; outer and inner incisors with 3 + 3 teeth; inner incisor wider than outer; prostheca wide with long hair-like setae; inner incisor longer than outer incisor; margin between prostheca and mola concave; dorsal margin without any setae under mola; mola with 8 long, wide chamber with small setae (Figs. 39 - 41). Right mandible: incisors fused; outer and inner incisors with 3 + 2 teeth; inner incisor slightly smaller than outer incisor; prostheca long hair-like setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave and gradually increase the mola convex; dorsal margin with 2 - 5 long setae under mola; outer margin with convex triangular and closely small chamber with medially stout setae (Fig. 42). Maxilla long with palp III segmented; maxilla with inner-apical angle produced as long tusk-like process; palp elongated and bears long filtering simple setae; galea-lacinia outer margin convex and inner margin dense with long simple hair-like setae; Three new species of the subgenus Dilatognathus Kluge, 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) ... crown inner and outer long hair-like setae; segment I inner margin convex and outer margin with stout setae; segment II inner side concave with 6 long, simple setae, outer side with 5 - 7 small setae; segment III apically wide with dorsal proximally transverse row of long setae, on inner side with a row of numerous long, simple hair-like setae, outer side with long simple setae apically (Fig. 43). Labium; glossae wide, triangular apically with covered small stout setae; paraglossae wide, laterally expanded, dorsal surface with medium dense hair-like setae, small stout setae and anterior margin with rows of dense hair-like setae; palps elongated, III segmented, with long filtering, longitudinal setae; outer margin of segment I wide with a row of numerous small stout setae; outer margin of segment II with rows of long, simple hair-like setae and dorsal surface with a row of numerous long, simple hair-like setae; segment III long clavate apically, outer and inner margin with a row of numerous long, simple hair-like setae, dorsal surface with hair-like setae (Figs. 44 - 46). Thorax: Notum dorsally brownish yellow with diffuse black marking on lateral (Fig. 2); slender humeral setae on prothorax (Figs. 56, 57), ventral surface of each notum with irregular black markings medially (Fig. 5). Legs yellowish with diffuse black colour; each femur with black markings on middle and apex; each tibia proximally with black colour marking. Foreleg: femur proximal, middle wide and distally narrow; dorsal surface feathered, long simple apically rounded setae; middle and distal with black marking and numerous simple apically rounded setae and anterior margin with long simple setae, apically rounded setae and long feathered setae; posterior margin with small stout and feathered setae; inner margin of the tibia with a row of long, simple setae; dorsal surface with row of irregular setae; outer margin with long hair-like setae; inner margin of tarsi with a row of simple setae, dorsal surface with small stout hair-like setae on outer surface (Figs. 47 - 50); claw apically sharp with 12 - 13 denticles, separate into 2 parts, basally 3 denticles and apically 9 - 10 blunt triangular denticles (Fig. 55). Middle leg (Figs. 51, 52): dorsal surface of femora with proximally small setae and long simple apically rounded setae near apex; anterior margin with long hair-like setae and irregular apically rounded setae in various lengths; posterior margin with long simple apically rounded setae and small stout setae; inner margin of tibia with small spine-like setae, outer margin with long hair-like setae, dorsal surface with simple apically rounded and hair-like setae; tarsi outer and inner margin with long hair-like setae and dorsally small stout setae; claw with 9 - 10 denticles, separate into 2 parts, basally 2 - 3 denticles and apically 6 - 7 denticles (Fig. 53). Hind leg (Fig. 54): dorsal surface of the femur with apically rounded setae of various lengths, small stout setae, anterior margin with long dense apically rounded setae and hair-like setae, posterior margin with numerous apically rounded setae; tibia inner and outer margin with rows of apically rounded setae and hair-like feathered setae, proximal of the dorsal surface with apically rounded setae and mixed with hair-like setae; inner and outer margin of tarsi with hair-like and small stout setae on the dorsal surface. Hind wing pad present. Abdomen: Dorsal surface brownish yellow, posterior margin of segment I-IX brownish band, tergum X blackish brown, setae absent on all segments; posterolateral margins of abdominal terga I-VII without denticles and terga VIII-IX pointed denticles (Fig. 2). Posterior margin of abdominal terga I-X with a row of spine-like denticles (Figs. 58, 59); terga VII-IX with a row of long, spine-like denticles medially, sterna without denticles, sterna V-VII with black marking medially (Figs. 5, 11). Gills present on terga II-VII, black colour; each gill with two lamellae, gill II-VI with 6 apical processes, gill VII small with 5 apical processes; trachea well-developed (Figs. 60 - 67). Caudal filament yellowish with a whorl of setae on alternate segments; setae smaller than the length of the corresponding segment. Adult: Unknown. Etymology: The species is named Choroterpes (Dilatognathus) latus with “ latus ” chosen to denote its characteristic wide labrum. “ Latus ” derives from Latin, meaning “ wide ”. This naming convention reflects the prominent feature of the species and adds descriptive clarity to the taxonomic classification. Distribution: Himachal Pradesh & Jammu Kashmir (UT) of India. Diagnosis: Choroterpes (D.) latus sp. nov. is similar to Ch. (D.) nigella (Kang & Yang 1994), it can be differentiated from all other known species of the subgenus by the following combination of characteristics: (i) labrum-wide, median emargination deeply shallow with blunt crenation (Fig. 37); (ii) lingua and superlingua wide laterally (Fig. 38); (iii) maxillae with long setae under galea-lacinea and long tusk process (Fig. 43); (iv) segment III of labial palp long and narrow compare to C. nigella (Fig. 44); (v) ocelli around with distinct black colour markings (Fig. 8); (vi) median and distal region of femora with black marking and numerous spatulate setae (Figs. 47, 51, 54); (vii) claw with 11 - 12 blunt denticles, triangular (Fig. 55). Biological notes: The type-locality is in a remote area of 32 km from the district of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh (Fig. 96). The Godha River is mostly composed of gravel, sand and silt. The Godha River with 10.5 - 11.5 m wide and 3 m depth and has medium water current (2.2 m / sec.) on the eastern part of Western Himalaya. The water temperature ranges between 17 - 19 ° C (seasonal variations) and the pH is between 6.3 and 6.8. The larvae were collected at the stony bottom found edge of the Godha River.	en	Vasanth, M., Kubendran, T., Subramanian, K. A. (2025): Three new species of the subgenus Dilatognathus Kluge, 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Western Himalaya, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 125 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i1/2025/172818, URL: https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v125/i1/2025/172818
863C3C638A66BE54227A2B849EB581E9.taxon	description	(Figs. 3, 6, 9, 12, 69 - 94) Material examined: Holotype: 1 mature larva, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Solan, Giripul Ganga River, 30.5333 ° N, 77.1236 ° E, 1600 m, 09. vi. 2018, Coll. T. Kubendran. Paratype: 14 larvae, same data as holotype. 5 larvae, Jammu and Kashmir, Udhampur, Tawi River, Chenani, 33.03122 ° N, 75.20751 ° E, 1011 m, 14. xi. 2018, Coll. T. Kubendran and Akil Nair. 11 larvae, INDIA, Himachal Pradesh, Mandi, Janjehli, Bakhli River, 31.51171 ° N, 77.21943 ° E, 2101 m, 11. xi. 2019, Coll. T. Kubendran. Description: Mature larva (Fig. 3): Body yellowish brown; length 7 - 8 mm; caudal filament 5 - 6 mm; antennae 2.3 - 2.5 mm (Fig. 94). Head: Head prognathous, yellowish with black markings; three distinct black ocelli with white colour markings. The upper layer of the head is shallow. Eyes with yellowish and lateral black (Fig. 9). Labrum wide, (4.2: 1.6 = width and length of middle) shallow emargination anteriorly, with a row of long 11 - 12 hair-like setae on the dorsal surface and small simple hair-like setae, lateral margin wide with long dense hair-like setae (Fig. 69); ventral surface with small hair-like setae. Hypopharynx well-developed lateral process, lingua wide with laterally curved, superlingua rounded anterior and hands wide laterally (Fig. 70). Mandibles curved smooth laterally with dense hair-like setae. Left mandible: incisors fused; inner and outer incisors with 3 + 2 teeth; inner incisor wide compared to outer; inner incisor almost same as outer incisor; prostheca narrow with hair-like setae; margin between prostheca and mola convex; dorsal margin without setae under mola; mola with above 6 chambers and small setae (Figs. 71 - 73). Right mandible: incisors fused; outer and inner incisors with 3 + 2 teeth; inner incisor slightly smaller than outer incisor; prostheca long and hair-like setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave and gradually increase the mola convex; dorsal margin with 5 - 6 long setae under mola; outer margin with convex triangular and closely large chamber with medially stout setae (Fig. 74). Maxilla long with palp III segmented; maxilla with inner-apical angle produced as long as a tusk-like process; palp elongated and bears long filtering simple setae; galea-lacinia outer margin convex with long and small simple hair-like setae; inner margin with dense hair-like setae; crown inner and outer long hair-like setae; segment I inner margin convex and outer margin with 5 - 6 simple setae; segment II inner side concave with 5 long, simple setae, outer side with 2 - 3 small setae; segment III apically blunt with dorsal proximally transverse row of long setae, on inner side with a row of numerous long, simple setae, outer side with apically long simple setae (Fig. 75). Labium; glossae laterally rounded, anterior margin covered with small stout setae; paraglossae wide, laterally expanded with the blunt spine, dorsal surface with medium dense hair-like setae, small stout setae and anterior margin with rows of dense long hair-like setae; palps elongated, III segmented, with long and wide filtering and longitudinal setae; segment I wide, outer margin with a row of numerous simple setae; segment II outer margin with rows of long, simple hair-like setae and dorsal surface with rows of numerous long, simple hair-like setae, ventral surface with three rows of long setae (Figs. 76 - 78). Thorax: Notum dorsally yellowish with diffuse black marking on lateral (Fig. 3); small spine-like humeral setae on prothorax (Fig. 94), ventral surface with pale white without any markings (Fig. 6). Legs yellowish black; each femur with black markings on basal, middle and apex; basal of the mid and hind tibia with black colour marking and fore tibia with black marking on base and apex. Foreleg: proximal and middle of femur wide, distally narrow; dorsal surface with proximal long, simple apically rounded setae; mid and distal with black marking and numerous simple apically rounded setae, proximal with diffuse black marking and anterior margin with long simple setae, simple apically rounded setae; posterior margin with small simple setae and small feathered setae; inner margin of the tibia with a row of long, feathered, simple setae, dorsal surface with a row of irregular small setae; outer margin with long hair-like setae; inner margin of tarsi with a row of simple setae, dorsal surface with small simple setae, outer surface with hair-like setae (Figs. 79 - 82); claw apically sharp with 10 - 11 denticles, separate into 2 parts, basally 3 denticles and apically 7 - 8 denticles (Fig. 82). Middle leg (Figs. 83 - 85): dorsal surface of femora with small spine-like setae on proximal and long simple apically rounded setae near apex; anterior margin with long hair-like setae and irregular apically rounded setae in various lengths; posterior margin with irregularly long apically rounded and small stout setae; inner margin of the tibia with irregularly spine-like setae, outer margin with long hair-like setae, dorsal surface with small stout setae; tarsi outer and inner margin with hair-like and dorsally small stout setae. Hind leg (Fig. 86): dorsal surface of the femur with apically rounded setae of various lengths, small stout setae, anterior margin with long dense apically rounded setae and hair-like setae, posterior margin with numerous apically rounded setae; tibiae inner and outer margin with rows of apically rounded setae, hair-like and feathered setae, dorsal surface proximally with apically rounded setae and mixed with hair-like setae; tarsi inner and outer margin hair-like setae and dorsal surface small stout setae, claw apically blunt with 11 - 12 denticles, separate into 2 parts, basally 4 denticles and apically 7 - 8 denticles. Hind wing pad present. Abdomen: Dorsal surface of terga I-VI brownish, tergum VII yellowish and terga VIII-X brownish yellow, terga IV-V with small band medially (Fig. 3); posterolateral margins of abdominal terga I-VI without denticles and terga VII-IX pointed denticles (Figs. 3, 87). Posterior margin of abdominal terga I-X with a row of triangular denticles (Fig. 87); terga VIII-IX with irregular row of spines medially; sterna pale white, absence of denticles on posterior margin, sternum IX with brown line marking medially on posterior margin (Fig. 6). Gills present on terga II-VII, black colour; each gill has two lamellae, gill II-VII with 6 apical processes (Figs. 88 - 93), gill VII present with 6 apical processes (Fig. 93), dorsal and ventral lamella with three processes; dorsal lamella medially with small apical processes. Caudal filament, black colour with a whorl of setae on alternate segments; setae smaller than the length of the corresponding segment. Adult: Unknown Etymology: The species is named “ Choroterpes (D.) triapicalis ” with “ triapicalis ” indicating the presence of six apical processes on the seventh gill, where “ tri ” denotes “ three ” and “ apicalis ” refers to “ apical ” processes. This naming convention reflects a specific morphological characteristic of the species, providing valuable information for its taxonomic identification and classification. Distribution: Himachal Pradesh & Jammu Kashmir (UT) India. Diagnosis: Choroterpes (D.) triapicalis sp. nov. is similar to Ch. (D.) latus sp. nov. it can be differentiated from all other known species of the subgenus by the following combination of characters: (i) labrum wide, shallow emargination with long 11 - 12 hair-like setae on the dorsal surface (Fig. 69); (ii) lingua wide and curved laterally (Fig. 70); (iii) inner incisor of left mandible wide with 2 teeth, basally wide, mola with 6 chambers (Figs. 71 - 73); (iv) segment III of labial palp long and wide; paraglossae laterally with the blunt spine (Figs. 76 - 78); (v) middle and distal of all femur with distributed black colour (Figs. 79, 83, 86); (vi) claw apically blunt with 11 - 12 denticles, separate into 2 parts, basally 4 denticles and apically 7 - 8 denticles (Fig. 85); (vii) gill VII present, six apical processes; dorsal and ventral lamella with three processes; dorsal lamella medially with small apical processes (Fig. 93). Biological notes: The type-locality is in a remote area of 23 km from the district of Solan, Himachal Pradesh (Fig. 96). The Giripul Ganga River bed is mostly composed of gravel, sand and silt. The Giri Ganga River with 4 - 4.8 m wide and 35 cm depth and has medium water current (1.2 m / sec.) on the eastern part of Western Himalaya. The water temperature ranged between 17 - 20 ° C (seasonal variations) and the pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The larvae were collected at the stony bottom found edge of the Giripul Ganga River.	en	Vasanth, M., Kubendran, T., Subramanian, K. A. (2025): Three new species of the subgenus Dilatognathus Kluge, 2012 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae) from Western Himalaya, India. Records of the Zoological Survey of India 125 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v125/i1/2025/172818, URL: https://doi.org/10.26515/rzsi/v125/i1/2025/172818
