taxonID	type	description	language	source
854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: Silvana toward Serow, Serow-Neychalan bifurcate, 1 km to Neychalan village, 37 ° 40 ’ 45 ” N, 44 ° 47 ’ 43 ” E, 2100 – 2200 m, 7 July 2014, Negaresh & Asadbegi 321 (holotype KHAU!, isotypes FUMH!, HUI!, KHAU!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: — Centaurea serowensis is related to C. lydia, from which it differs mainly in its plant dwarf, 1 – 4 cm height (vs. 10 – 35 (– 45) cm height), leaves indumentum loosely arachnoid (vs. subglabrous, scabrous, ± tomentose especially on upper side), basal and lower cauline leaves ca. 5 – 6 cm (vs. 10 – 15 (– 30) cm) long, involucres ovoid, 15 – 20 (– 25) × (12 –) 15 – 20 mm (vs. globose, 25 – 35 × 22 – 35 mm), phyllaries indumentum loosely arachnoid (vs. glabrescent), appendages medium-sized, concealing partly of phyllaries only (vs. large, totally concealing the phyllaries), inner phyllaries 10 – 13 mm (vs. 20 – 28 mm) long, median appendages triangular, 8 – 15 × 2 – 4 mm (cilia excluded) (vs. orbicular, 20 – 35 (– 40) × 8 – 12 mm (cilia excluded )), central florets 25 – 27 mm (vs. 32 – 35 mm) long. Descriptions: — Perennial plant with a woody base and long string-like roots (up to 15 cm), dwarf, usually opaque green all over, with remains of stems and leaf bases of the previous year. Stems ca. 1 to 2, simple or branched in basal part, ascending, 1 – 4 cm tall, ca. 2 – 2.5 mm in diameter at base, with thin yellowish striations, densely covered with arachnoid hairs. Leaves rigid, often divided, loosely covered with arachnoid hairs, up to 5 mm long, densely on midrib and veins, rarely mixed with sessile glands. Basal and lower cauline leaves small, ca. 5 – 6 cm long, lyrate, segments in 1 – 2 pairs; terminal segments much larger, lanceolate-oblong, 3 – 4 × 1.8 – 2 cm, coarsely tooted at margins; lateral segments narrowly lanceolate, obtuse at apex; rarely simple. Median and upper cauline leaves with short petiole or sessile, 5 – 7 cm long, pinnatisect or lyrate, segments in 5 – 7 pairs; terminal segments larger, triangular to lanceolate, 1.5 – 1.8 × 0.8 – 2 cm, coarsely tooted at margins; lateral segments narrowly oblong or narrowly lanceolate (often additional small segments between the larger ones), entire or denticulate, acute at apex. Capitula heterogamous, solitary at end of branches, sessile or with short peduncle up to 1 cm. Involucres ovoid, concave at base, 15 – 20 (– 25) × (12 –) 15 – 20 mm. Phyllaries multiseriate, coriaceous, imbricate, green, loosely covered with arachnoid hairs. Outer phyllaries ovate, 2 – 4 × 2.5 – 3 mm; median phyllaries broadly ovate to oblong, 6 – 10 × 4 – 6 mm; inner phyllaries oblong or linear, 10 – 13 × 4 – 6 mm, with a hyaline border. Appendages medium-sized, concealing partly of phyllaries only, ciliate, decurrent, straw-coloured or light brown, triangular, 2 – 4 mm wide at base (cilia excluded), the median ones 8 – 15 mm long, the inner ones suborbicular and spineless; cilia whitish, scabrous, numerous, 8 – 12 on each side, (1 –) 2 – 4 mm long, suberect; spine robust, brownish, 5 – 8 mm long (in middle appendages), longer than adjacent cilia. Flowers pink or purple; central florets hermaphrodite, 25 – 27 mm long, with 5 equal and acute lobes, with deeply orange nerves, tube yellow; anther tube slightly shorter than corolla, apical appendages acute; stigma deeply purple, longer than corolla, up to 4 mm, symmetrically bifid, 0.6 – 0.8 mm long, pubescent; peripheral florets sterile, 4 - lobed, limb lobe linear, 5 – 6 mm long, slightly radiant, slightly longer than the central ones. Receptacle umbilicate, setose, with 10 – 12 mm long smooth bristles. Achenes dimorphic; fertile achenes oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4.2 – 4.8 mm long, 1.8 – 2 mm wide, laterally compressed, whitish, smooth, rounded at apex, densely sericeous; insertion areole lateral, ca. 0.8 – 1 mm long; pappus double, persistent, multiseriate, scabrous, whitish, 8 – 9 mm long, bristles of inner rows much shorter than outer ones, ca. 2.5 mm long. Sterile achenes cylindrical, yellowish, 4 – 5.2 mm long; pappus double, ca. 2 mm long, bristles of inner rows much shorter, sometimes absent.	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet refers to Serow town, where the new species was found. Phenology: — Flowering from May to June and fruiting from June to July. Paratypes: — IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: Silvana toward Serow, 37 ° 40 ’ 50 ” N, 44 ° 47 ’ 48 ” E, 2150 m, 1 July 2014, Negaresh et al. 3 22 (KHAU!, HUI!); Negaresh et al. 323 (KHAU!). Conservation status: — Centaurea serowensis is known only from the type locality. After detailed field investigations, no other population was found in the surrounding area. The only known population covers an area of ca. 1000 m 2 and consists of ca. 80 individuals. Possible threats include deterioration of habitats (erosion), the location near a human settlement and restricted distribution. According to the IUCN red list categories and criteria (IUCN 2012), C. serowensis should be considered ‘ Critically Endangered’ (CR) [criterion B 2 ab].	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F5FBC21FF11FDADFC74C378.taxon	distribution	Distribution, habitat and ecology: — Centaurea serowensis is a rare endemic of West Azerbaijan Province, NW Iran (Fig. 3). It is an Irano-Turanian element, and grows on rocky slopes, gravel slopes, in high-montane zone, at elevations of 2100 – 2200 m (Fig. 1). In addition, some other plants that occurred in the area were Pistacia atlantica, Cirsium arvense, Gundelia tournefortii, Centaurea virgata subsp. squarrosa, Taraxacum montanum, Echinops polygamus, Artemisia austriaca, Myosotis alpestris, Alyssum dasycarpum, Astragalus lagopoides, Onobrychis cornuta, Marrubium astracanicum, Ziziphora tenuior, Papaver orientale, Bromus tectorum, Hordeum marinum, Stipa barbata, Amygdalus lyscioides, Crucianella gilanica, Verbascum speciosum. Relationships: — Centaurea serowensis belongs to C. sect. Acrocentron, which includes taxa with stems usually branched in the upper part, lyrate or pinnatisect to bipinnate, not decurrent leaves, few medium-sized or large capitula, oblong-ovoid to subglobose involucres, purple or yellow flowers, and decurrent appendages ending in a spine (Wagenitz 1975, 1980, Ranjbar & Negaresh 2013 b). It is similar to C. lydia Boissier (1843: 20), which is endemic to W Turkey, in dissection of leaves, color of flowers, width of achenes and length of bristles of the inner rows of pappus (Fig. 4), but differs in some important characters (see Table 1). Furthermore, C. serowensis occurs at elevations higher than 2100 m, whereas C. lydia occurs at elevations lower than 1000 m. Centaurea serowensis shares some characters such as the length of stem, the dissection of leaves, the length of spine and the color of flowers with C. bojnordensis Ranjbar, Negaresh & Joharchi (2014: 116), but differs from that species as stated in Table 1. Moreover, they are geographically isolated; the former is confined to mountains of Serow (West Azerbaijan Province) in NW Iran, the latter is a narrow endemic to North Khorasan Province in NE Iran (Fig. 3). This species is also similar to C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha, from Iran and Iraq, especially because of the life form, dissection of leaves, color of appendages and flowers (Fig. 5). However, it differs from C. urvillei subsp. deinacantha in some characters like life form, ramification of stems, length of leaves, size and shape of involucres, indumentum of phyllaries, size of appendages, length of florets, achenes and pappus (Table 1).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F59BC2FFF11F86DFDA0C284.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. North Khorasan: Bojnord, Ashkhaneh, 550 – 600 m, 22 June 1982, Ghorashialhosseini 1790 G (FUMH!, BASU!); Bojnord, Babaaman, 1000 m, Mozaffarian 83683 (TARI!); Bojnord, 20 km to Raz-Bojnord bifurcate, 1650 m, Mozaffarian 83693 (TARI!); 21 km road of Gifan toward Bojnord, 1000 m, Assadi & Maassoumi 50207 (TARI!: two sheets); Shirvan, after Lojali, Shirvan dam, 7 June 2015, Negaresh 195 (KHAU!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F56BC2FFF11FEDEFC43C334.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Tehran: Tehran, Sorkh-e Hesar, SW of hospital, 1500 – 2000 m, 18 May 1988, Ghahraman & Mozaffarian 6284 (TUH!, HUI!, KHAU!); 25 km east of Tehran, 1900 m, 21 June 1972, Dini & Arazm 5006 (W!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F56BC2FFF11FE4EFB16C0F0.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Kurdestan: Marivan, first road beginning Dezli, 1295 m, 20 July 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 31631 (BASU!); beginning of Dezli-Marivan bifurcate, toward Dezli, 1240 m, 28 May 2014, Negaresh & Kamalnejad 221 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Kamalnejad 222 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Kamalnejad 223 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Kamalnejad 45549 (FUMH!); 5 km lowest of Nodosheh toward Paveh, 883 m, 28 May 2014, Negaresh & Kamalnejad 219 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Kamalnejad 220 (KHAU!); 3 km after Dezli toward Paveh, 1580 m, 28 May 2014, Negaresh s. n. (HSB!). Iraq. Prov. Arbil: Sakri Sakran mountains near Rawandiz, 1892 – 93, 1500 m, Bornmüller 1489 (B!); Razanuk, Cuchney 3838 (K!); Saran, near Kani Kawan, Karokh, Nuri & Alkas 21316 (K!); between Saran and Kilkil, Alkas et al. 27328 (K!); Berd Agha Gin, 18 km NW of Rania, Rawi et al. 28868 (K!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F56BC2FFF11FD02FAA6C1AC.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Mazandaran: Karaj toward Chalus, 5 km after Pol-e Zanguleh, 2140 – 2200 m, 15 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 29197 (BASU!, KHAU!); Karaj toward Chalus, 500 m after Pol-e Zanguleh, 2250 – 2300 m, 17 June 2015, Negaresh & Asadbegy 210 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Asadbegy 211 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Asadbegy 212 (KHAU!); Karaj toward Chalus, 58 km to Chalus, 25 km to Marzan Abad, 1500 m, 17 June 2015, Negaresh & Asadbegy 209 (KHAU!); Pol-e Zanguleh in valley Chalus, 6 August 1948, Rechinger 6316 (GOET!, W!); Kojur, between Kinch and Dasht-e Nazir, 800 – 1300 m, 9 August 1948, Rechinger 6646 (W!); 20 SE of Chalus, 26 June 1962, Furse 2863 (E!); streamside directly below S. entrance to main tunnel on Karaj-Chalus road, 11 August 1963, Jardine 864 (E!, W!); 26 June 1962, Furse 2863 (W!); Pole Zanguleh, 2500 m, 21 July 1938, Gauba 1580 (B!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F56BC2FFF11FBC6FB54C694.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: Serow toward Silvana, west Mt. of Toeen village, near Amir Abad village, Khalil Kuh mountains, 1630 – 1800 m, 27 June 2015, Negaresh & Pakzad 184 (KHAU!, FUMH!); bifurcate Aghbolagh toward Silvana, 40 km to Silvana, 2 km to Lolakan village, 6 July 2014, Negaresh & Asadbegy 186 (KHAU!). Prov. Qazvin: in the central district of Takestan county, 8 km after Tab village, near Nikuyeh, 1500 – 1600 m, 16 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 29708 (BASU!, KHAU!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F56BC2FFF11FB2EFA0CC798.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Khuzestan: Masjed Soleyman, area protected Shimbar, 11 April 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 28612 (BASU!, KHAU!); Dehdez-Lordegan road, Parishani 231 (KHAU!); beginning neck Izeh toward Dehdez, Parishani 232 (KHAU!); 10 km S Izeh, 900 m, Pabot s. n. (G!). Prov. Lurestan: M. Pariz, on rock face, 2100 m, 28 May 1940, Koelz 15901 (W!). Prov. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari: 15 km Ardal from Jonaghan, 2260 m, Parishani 233 (KHAU!); 5 km to Gandoman from Lordegan, Parishani 234 (KHAU!). IRAQ. Prov. Mosel: on the Ouraman range, above Darimar, Gillett 11834 (K!); above Khurmal, Hadač 5070 (PR!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F56BC2FFF11FA2AFE06C49C.taxon	materials_examined	TURKEY. Izmir / Manisa: Montagnes de Kadjilar entre Smyrne (Izmir) et Magnesia (Manisa), July 1842, Boissier s. n. (G-BOIS!: two sheets, GOET!, JE!, K!, P!: three sheets, US!); Pente nord de Yamanlar-Dagh, au nord du golfe de Symrne, 1 July 1854, Balansa s. n. (G-BOIS!, E!); Lydia, Sinus Symrnaeus, in regione pinetorum montis, Yamanlar-Dagh, 700 – 900 m, 22 May 1906, Bornmüller 9678 (B!); Takhtali Da., 600 – 700 m, 6 June 1906, Bornmüller 9679 (B!). B 2 Kütahya: Domaniç to Tavşanli, 750 m, 2 July 1962, Davis & Coode 36418 (E!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F56BC2FFF11F936FD7ECA58.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: Serow toward Silvana, west Mt. of Toeen village, Khalil Kuh mountains, near Mir Abad village, 1630 – 1800 m, 27 June 2015, Negaresh & Pakzad 185 (KHAU!: two sheets); 30 km to Orumieh, after Silvana, 1665 m, 25 June 2009, Toloui 28532 (BASU!, KHAU!); Khalil Kuh, in faucibus NW Silvana, 1750 – 2000 m, 4 July 1974, Rechinger 48965 (E!, B!, W!); Bardeh- Su prope Silvana, 1800 – 2200 m, 4 July 1974, Zehzad & Siami 3756 (W!); Seluk, Targavar, 18 July 1972, Siami 1248 (W!). IRAQ. Prov. Mosul: in jugo montis Zawita, in montibus calc. N Zakho in ditione Sharanish, 1800 m, 4 – 9 July 1957, Rechinger 10935 (W!); Rechinger 10902 a (W!); Daimka, 35 km NE of Zakho, Omar & Dabbagh 45396 (K!). TURKEY. Hakkari: Bajirgeh, 22 km versus Yüksekova, 1900 m, 23 July 1972, Rechinger 49875 (W!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F57BC2EFF11FF47FE95C2A1.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: Oshnavieh toward Orumieh, Ganj Abad, 1730 m, 23 June 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 31681 (BASU!, photo KHAU!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F57BC2EFF11FEF2FA9EC12B.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Lurestan: Dowroud, 10 km after Natural Resource Office, 1600 – 1700 m, 18 June 2011, Negaresh & Ranjbar 26993 (BASU!, KHAU!: three sheets); Dowroud, Oshtrankuh protected area, mountains between Saravand and Gahar river, 2300 – 2500 m, Negaresh & Asadbegy 226 (KHAU!: three sheets); 100 km SW of Khorramabad, 1800 m, Koeie 821 (C!); Saravand, 20 km SE of Dowroud, 2000 – 2200 m, Rechinger 48104 (W!, E!); Tang-e Sayad protected region, M. Pir Kuh, 32 km E Shahr Kord, substr. calc., 2400 – 2700 m, Rechinger 47181 (W!); Aligudarz, Abgarmak, 1950 m, 2 July 1994, Karimi & Fardad 108 (HLK!); Karimi & Fardad 3586 (HLK!). Prov. Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari: Chelgard, Negaresh & Ranjbar 28441 (BASU!, KHAU!); 1890, Sawyer 13019 B (E!). Prov. Kohgiluyeh and Bowyer Ahmad: old road of Chitab to Damchenar, after Gandomkesh village, 29 May 2010, Moazzeni & Pirani 4575 (TMRC!); Kuh-e Dinar, supra Sisakht, 2400 – 3400 m, Soják 6267 (PR!); Soják 6277 (PR!); in faucibus alpis Kuh-Daena (Kuh-e Dinar), 16 July 1842, Kotschy 664 (BM!, G!, GOET!, W!). Prov. Hamedan: M. Karaghan prope Hamedan, Strauss s. n. (JE!); Kuh-e Wafs, 10 June 1905, Strauss s. n. (JE!, W!). Prov. Markazi: Khomeyn, Strauss s. n. (JE!); Kuh-e Sefid Khaneh, Strauss s. n. (JE!); Latetar, Strauss s. n. (JE!); in planitie ad Sultanabad, 14 June 1904, Strauss s. n. (B!, JE!); in fauce Girdu, 3 July 1892, Strauss s. n. (JE!). Prov. Kermanshah: Paveh toward Ravansar, 5 km from trifurcate of Bayangan-Paveh toward Ravansar, 1780 – 1800 m, 28 May 2015, Negaresh & Asadbegy 218 (KHAU!). IRAQ. Prov. Arbil: M. Algurd supra pagum Nowanda, 2000 – 2600 m, Rechinger 11392 (W!); M. Handren prope Rawandiz, Bornmüller 1492 (B!); Bornmüller 1486 (B!). TURKEY. Bitlis: Totuan, Karz Da above Sapur village, calcareous western slope, mixed forest, 20 August 1972, Pesman 3274 (E!). C 10 Hakkari: Gevar Ovasi, 2 – 3 km from Yüksekova, 1950 m, 1 July 1966, Davis 45762 (E!); Cilo Da., at Sua, 2100 m, 10 August 1954, Davis 24226 B (E!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F57BC2EFF11F858FEADCA7B.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Ardabil: Mianeh toward Khalkhal, around Zarj Abad village, 1850 – 1900 m, 19 June 2015, Negaresh & Pakzad 233 (KHAU!). Prov. Qazvin: Alamut, 40 km to Moallem Kalaieh, 1640 – 1800 m, 19 June 2015, Negaresh & Asadbegy 232 (KHAU!). Prov. Kurdestan: Sanandaj toward Saqqez, 20 km from Sanandaj to Hossein Abad village, 5 July 2014, Negaresh & Asadbegy 231 (KHAU!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F57BC2EFF11F9F9FBBAC50E.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Zanjan: Anguran, 10 km after Dandy, 1900 – 1950 m, 14 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 28489 (BASU!, KHAU!). Prov. West Azerbaijan: Orumieh toward Salmas, Serow road, 5 km before Miangal village, 1740 – 1800 m, 23 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 29342 (BASU!, KHAU!); Piranshahr, Pasveh village, 1680 – 1800 m, 22 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 31824 (BASU!, KHAU!); Oshnavieh toward Orumieh, Ganj Abad village, 1730 – 1800 m, 25 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 32391 (BASU!, KHAU!); Khalil Kuh mountains near Pesan, 1800 – 2400 m, Rechinger 48679 (W!); N of Serow, 1600 – 1800 m, Rechinger 49765 (W!); between Oshnavieh and Naqadeh, 1500 m, Rechinger 49034 (W!); between Balanesh and Oshnavieh, 1650 – 1900 m, Rechinger 49236 (W!); between Balanesh and Rashkan, 1350 m, Rechinger 42106 (W!); between Oshnavieh and Ziveh, 2000 – 2200 m, Rechinger 49390 (W!, E!). Prov. Qazvin: Qazvin to Kuheyn, 1563 m, 28 June 2008, Ranjbar 16537 (BASU!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F57BC2EFF11FC7FFD5EC7AE.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: mountains of W Bazaragan, stony slopes, 1380 – 1500 m, 25 June 2015, Negaresh & Pakzad 225 (KHAU!; HSB!); Negaresh & Pakzad 226 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Pakzad 227 (KHAU!); Khoy, 3 km after Balagock, 2100 m, 23 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 29849 (BASU!, KHAU!); Chaldoran toward Avajigh, before Harmlou village, 1800 – 1900 m, 24 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 31005 (BASU!, KHAU!: two sheets); Salmas, Kouzaresh, Ali Bolagh village, 2000 – 2100 m, 24 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 29834 (BASU!, KHAU!); between Rud-e Aland and Qeris, NW Khvoy, 2100 m, Rechinger 49486 (W!); 30 km S Khvoy toward Shahpur, 1500 m, Rechinger 41788 (W!); in valley Outor, W Khvoy, 1300 – 1500 m, Rechinger 41754 (W!); Kuh-e Kani, Ziarat, N Habashi Bala, 2500 – 3000 m, Rechinger 49717 (W!); Ghogeh Dagh, mountains of W Bazaragan, 2100 – 2250 m, Rechinger 43792 (W!); between Shahpur and Rezaieh, 1700 m, Rechinger 49823 (W!). Prov. East Azerbaijan: Zonuz, 1630 m, 25 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 29362 (BASU!, KHAU!: two sheets). Prov. Zanjan: 20 km after Dandy toward Takab, 2030 – 2050 m, 14 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 31502 (BASU!, KHAU!); 40 km to Mahneshan, first neck, 1700 m, 12 July 2009, Ranjbar et al. 22802 (BASU!). Prov. Hamedan: Avaj, Soltan Bolagh, 2120 – 2150 m, 14 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 29250 (BASU!, KHAU!); Hamedan to Avaj, 17 km to Avaj, 2050 m, 22 July 2011, Negaresh & Ranjbar 27414 (BASU!); Yalfan, 1978 m, 13 July 2011, Tolui 28530 (BASU!). Prov. Kurdestan: 40 km to Divandarreh, 1987 m, 21 July 2009, Ranjbar et al. 22764 (BASU!); 50 – 60 km N Sanandaj, near Hossein Abad, 2000 m, Rechinger 42729 (W!); 25 km E Sanandaj near Salavat Abad, 2300 m, Rechinger 42791 (W!); 33 km NW of Divandarreh toward Saqqez, 2100 m, Rechinger 48603 (W!). Prov. Qazvin: 80 km to Moallem Kalaieh, 1620 m, 10 July 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 30052 (BASU!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F54BC2DFF11FE97FD2EC1BD.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Kermanshah: Ravansar toward Kamyaran, 5 km after Ravansar, the first neck, 1530 m, 23 May 2017, Negaresh 207 (KHAU!); Negaresh 208 (KHAU!); Ravansar toward Javanroud, 2 km after Ravansar, 1430 m, 23 May 2017, Negaresh 206 (KHAU!); Ravansar toward Bayangan, 3 km to Bayangan, 1360 – 1400 m, 23 May 2017, Negaresh 205 (KHAU!); Kermanshah toward Eslam Abad, 5 km to Eslam Abad, 1350 – 1400 m, 27 May 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 30407 (BASU!, KHAU!: two sheets); Negaresh & Ranjbar 30103 (BASU!, KHAU!: two sheets); 5 km after Rijab, 920 – 950 m, 27 May 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 32000 (BASU!, KHAU!: three sheets); Kermanshah toward Rijab, 1170 – 1200 m, 27 May 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 30109 (BASU!, KHAU!: three sheets); Bisotun, rocky slope of limestone with some shrubs and herbs, 1350 – 1650 m, 3 June 1963, Jacobs 6760 (E!, W!); 50 km E Qasr-e Shirin versus Karand, 28 August 1957, Rechinger 14605 (W!); prope Taq-i Bustan, 17 May 1904, Strauss s. n. (B!); Kuh-i Nevoh (Nawa Koh), 24 km NW Karand, 1340 m, 13 May 1966, Archibald 1871 (E!); 16 km N Kermanshah, 1350 m, 18 May 1961, Stutz 1315 (W!); 45 km SW of Shahabad versus Ilam, 1800 m, 2 June 1960, Bent & Wright 702 - 701 (W!); Kuh-i Parrow, 1500 – 2100 m, 1 July 1968, Iranshahr 13111 - E (W!); Zabar, right side of the road, 1260 m, 17 May 1987, Hamzehee 803 (HKK!); above the village Scrtipp Abad and Cheragh Abad, 1300 m, 9 May 1987, Hamzehee & Lashkarbolooki 512 (HKK!); Kermanshah to Kanaryeh, 1390 m, 27 April 1987, Fattahi & Lashkarbolooki 276 (HKK!); Kermanshah, 140 km W of Banzardah village, 570 – 1050 m, 15 May 1989, Fattahi & Hatami 2352 (HKK!); Babayadegar, 1400 m, 4 May 1992, Mirzaee & Mirabdali 3222 (HKK!); Sar Pol-e Zahab, Qaleh Shahin, Anzali, 700 – 800 m, 17 May 1999, s. c. 6329 (HKK!); Sar Pol-e Zahab, Pyran, 650 m, 8 April 1994, Neamati et al. 4725 (HKK!); 7 km N of Kermanshah, Kuh-e Pyry, 520 m, 6 May 1987, Hamzehee & Lashkarbolooki 453 (HKK!). Prov. Ilam: Reno prope Ilam, 1 April 1968, Iranshahr 13172 - E (W!). IRAQ. Prov. Sulaymaniyah: Amoret prope Qara Dagh, 1350 m, 21 June 1957, Haines 1155 (E!, K!); Gara Dagh, Poore 436 (K!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F54BC2DFF11FF47FB6BC37C.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. West Azerbaijan: Chaldoran to Keskmeshtappeh, before Harmlou, 1812 m, 24 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 31005 (BASU!, KHAU!); Khoy, 3 km after Balagock, 2100 m, 23 June 2012, Negaresh & Ranjbar 29849 (BASU!, KHAU!). Prov. East Azerbaijan: Mishodagh, elevation above the spring, 2030 m, 13 July 2010, Pirani & Moazzeni 3147 (TMRC!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F54BC2DFF11FBD6FA84C6CE.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Kurdestan: Sanandaj toward Marivan, 20 km to Sarv Abad, Langeriz village, 1350 m, 20 July 2012, Ranjbar & Negaresh 31630 (BASU!); Saqqez toward Marivan, 1 km to bifurcate of Bokhlou village, 73 km to Marivan, 1660 – 1700 m, 29 June 2015, Negaresh & Pakzad 215 (KHAU!, HSB!); Negaresh & Pakzad 216 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Pakzad 217 (KHAU!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F54BC2DFF11FB19FB53C4B5.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Golestan: Azadshahr toward Bojnord, Golestan Park, 800 – 850 m, 8 June 2015, Negaresh 201 (KHAU!); Shahroud toward Azadshahr, Til Abad village, 1025 – 1050 m, 7 June 2015, Negaresh 191 (KHAU!); Negaresh 192 (KHAU!); Negaresh 193 (KHAU!); Gorgan, inter Tang-e Rah et Tang-e Gol, 3 June 1975, Rechinger 52593 (E!). Prov. North Khorasan: Bojnord toward Shirvan, after Farlagh village, 10 km E of Bojnord, 950 – 1000 m, 9 June 2015, Negaresh 198 (KHAU!); Negaresh 199 (KHAU!); Negaresh 200 (KHAU!); Bojnord toward Esfarayen, 15 km after Bojnord, 1470 – 1500 m, 8 June 2015, Negaresh 196 (KHAU!); Negaresh 197 (KHAU!); Esfarayen toward Bojnord, 2 km to Bojnord, 1760 – 1800 m, 8 June 2015, Negaresh 194 (KHAU!); Bojnord, Eshgh Abad toward Raz, 1000 m, 30 May 1998, Hojjat and Zangooie 31119 (FUMH!); SE of Bojnord, Nodeh toward Esfarayen, 1500 m, 14 June 1998, Rezaie & Zangooie 31539 (FUMH!); NE of Bojnord, Garelor, 1000 m, 24 May 1995, Faghihnia et al. 25538 (FUMH!); NW of Bojnord, near Bozdaghi mountains, 886 m, 30 May 2007, Memariani & Zangooie 39073 (FUMH!); Shirvan, Badamlagh, Shahvalad mountains, 1600 m, 8 June 1998, Faghihnia & Zangooie 31408 (FUMH!); NW Bojnord, Turkmenistan border, Ghori Dare, 900 m, 16 June 2006, Joharchi 34768 (FUMH!: two sheets); Bojnord, 15 km to Robat, 1500 m, 31 May 1998, Hojjat & Zangooie 31166 (FUMH!); between Ziarat and Lojali, north of Shirvan, 1150 m, Rechinger 53225 (W!); 36 km W Bojnord toward Shah Abad, 800 m, Rechinger 55516 (W!); Jowzak 74 km W Bojnord toward Gorgan, 1100 m, Rechinger 53773 (W!); 24 km S Bojnord toward Esfarayen, 1700 – 1800 m, Rechinger 53556 (W!); in valley Atrak between Shirvan and Bojnord, Rechinger 1811 (W!). TURKMENISTAN. Kizyl Arvat, Kara Kala, Sudsodagh mountains, Sintenis 1735 (G!, JE!, LD!, W!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F54BC2DFF11F8CEFA29CA7B.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Ardabil: Ardabil toward Meshkin Shahr, 50 km to Meshkin Shahr, 1300 m, 24 June 2015, Negaresh & Pakzad 227 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Pakzad 228 (KHAU!). Prov. Gilan: inter Diarshan et Kelishom, 22 July 1902, Alexeenko 1008 (B!); inter Rescht et Kaswin, prope Pat, 12 May 1902, A. Bornmüller & J. F. N. Bornmüller 7259 b (B!); inter Rescht et Kaswin, prope Men, 10 May 1902, A. Bornmüller & J. F. N. Bornmüller 7259 (B!). Prov. Lurestan: 30 km SE of Khorramabad versus Safid Dasht, 1750 m, Rechinger 47781 (E!, W!); Brojerd toward Khorramabad, 15 km to Khorramabad, 1400 – 1450 m, 31 May 2014, Negaresh & Pakzad 229 (KHAU!); Negaresh & Pakzad 230 (KHAU!); east of Khorramabad, Modbeh, 1280 m, 10 May 1996, Ahmadi 2320 (HLK!); Alishtar, Kuhman, Mehrnia 12314 (HLK!); Alishtar, Kakareza, 1582 m, 13 May 2007, Karimi & Morivi 7206 (HLK!: two sheets).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F55BC2CFF11FF47FC64C3EE.taxon	materials_examined	Iran. Prov. West Azerbaijan: 10 km from Orumieh toward Mavana, Mavana bifurcate, 1515 m, 19 May 2011, Negaresh & Ranjbar 25828 (BASU!, KHAU!); Khalil Kuh, in faucibus N Razhan, 2000 m, Rechinger 48705 (W!); Orumieh, Bahloud Abad village, 1500 m, 2 June 2004, Montazerolghaem & Dehghan 15322 (HUI!: four sheets); Nadagheh toward Oshnavieh, 20 km after Nadagheh, before Ah Abad village, 1600 m, 1 June 2004, Montazerolghaem & Dehghan 15321 (HUI!: five sheets). IRAQ. Prov. Arbil: Kanri Mam Sherin, 22 June 1961, Haines s. n. (E!); in faucibus inter Rawandiz et Bersorin, 700 m, Rechinger 11264 (W!); inter Arbil et Rawandiz, 700 m, Bornmüller 1487 (B!); Rawandiz, Agnew et al. 5776 (PR!). Prov. Sulaymaniyah: Piera Magroun, in fissuris rupium, 900 – 1200 m, Haussknecht s. n. (BM!, G!, JE!, K!); Piera Magroun, 18 July 1961, Haines s. n. (E!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
854E61396F55BC2CFF11FE3BFC5CC042.taxon	materials_examined	IRAN. Prov. Mazandaran: Pol-e Zanguleh, 2500 m, 20 August 1938, Gauba 1580 (B!).	en	Negaresh, Kazem, Yousefi, Zohreh, Kaya, Yusuf (2023): A new species of Centaurea sect. Acrocentron (Asteraceae, Cardueae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 597 (1): 37-50, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.597.1.5
