taxonID	type	description	language	source
8477E420FFD9FFA3FDBBFE41FAFDCD24.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Adult nematode specimens (paragenophores) from Caspian gull taken in RUSSIA, Dagestan: three females RAS 14364) and seven males (IEE RAS 14365) examined using optical microscopy; two males studied by General. Body elongated. Cuticle smooth; lateral alae absent. Anterior extremity rounded, with submedian cephalic papillae (four papillae in external circle and four papillae in internal circle) lateral amphids (Figure 1 (A, B )). Oral aperture terminal, followed by small funnel-shaped buccal (Figure 1 (A, B )). Oesophagus unipartite, short (Figure 1 (C )). Intestine long, with conspicuous sphincter distal end (Figure 1 (D, E )). Nerve ring at level of anterior quarter of oesophagus. Excretory pore level of nerve ring (Figure 1 (C )). Deirids not observed.	en	Sokolov, Sergey, Kalmykov, Alexander, Dzhamirzoev, Gadzhibek, Vlasenkov, Sergei (2025): Redescription and molecular characterisation of nematode Stossich, 1902 (Chromadorea: Aproctoidea: Aproctidae), birds. Journal of Natural History 59 (29 - 32): 2083-2091, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2533323, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2533323
8477E420FFD9FFA3FDBBFE41FAFDCD24.taxon	description	Female. Body 35 – 44 mm long, 0.821 – 1.106 mm maximum width. Buccal capsule 25 – 27 long. 738 – 838 long. Nerve ring 125 – 184 from anterior extremity. Excretory pore poorly visible, 273 – 363 from extremity (Figure 1 (C )). Didelphic and opisthodelphic. Vulva as conspicuous conical projection with slit in apex, pre-equatorial, slightly posteriorly to oesophagus, 972 – 1174 from anterior body extremity ((C). Muscular ovejector with conspicuous cellular valve. Eggs thick-shelled, 50 – 56 × 25 – 30, with (Figure 2). Anus absent (Figure 1 (D )). Tail with rounded end, 536 – 1073 long (Figure 1 (D )). One pair of subterminal phasmids present (Figure 1 (D )). Male. Body 22.1 – 27.4 mm long, 0.837 – 1 mm maximum width. Buccal capsule 23 – 31 long. 657 – 765 long. Nerve ring 131 – 181 from anterior extremity. Excretory pore visible only in one specimen from anterior extremity. Intestine opens into cloaca near ejaculatory duct (Figure 1 (E )). Posterior end spirally coiled (Figure 3 (A )). Posterior lip of cloaca massive, distinctly protruding (Figures 1 (E) and Spicules two, curved, unequal, left spicule 322 – 371 long, right spicule 310 – 405 long; ratio of spicules to smaller) 1: 1.03 – 1.15 (Figure 1 (E )). Tail with rounded emd, 82 – 110 long (Figure 1 (E )). One pair of papillae, adcloacal and lateral (Figures 1 (E) and (3 B )). Lateral subterminal phasmis present (Figure 1 (	en	Sokolov, Sergey, Kalmykov, Alexander, Dzhamirzoev, Gadzhibek, Vlasenkov, Sergei (2025): Redescription and molecular characterisation of nematode Stossich, 1902 (Chromadorea: Aproctoidea: Aproctidae), birds. Journal of Natural History 59 (29 - 32): 2083-2091, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2533323, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2533323
