taxonID	type	description	language	source
843D87F9FFFCEB3C3BAFF9633BA0F91B.taxon	description	2004 in part Macrocyprina Brandão, 2004: 166 – 167, figs 8, 9.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFFCEB3C3BAFF9633BA0F91B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: After Yemanjá, the goddess of the oceans and seas in the Afro-Latin American religion Candomblé. Type species (original binomen): Macrocyprina coimbrai Brandão, 2005. Additional species (original binomen): Macrocyprina hawkae Maddocks, 1990; Macrocyprina rocas Brandão, 2005; Macrocyprina youngi Brandão, 2005. Distribution: Recent. Tropical Western Atlantic, live 1 – 100 m, subfossil 1 – 183 m. Measurements: Holotype of Yemanja coimbrai (Brandão, 2005), RV L 1.56 mm, H 0.68 mm; LV L 1.54 mm, H 0.64 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace small, adults with one to more than ten circular to irregularly shaped, opaque, white patches, which occupy different positions on valve surface. Lateral outline elongate oblong, with slightly arched dorsal margin, and rounded posteroventral margin. Male appendage V extremely asymmetrical. Right appendage robust, ~ 1.5 times larger than left appendage; podomere II (= palp podomere I) with one medium-sized dorsodistal seta; robust, hook-shaped podomere III curved at 90 to 110 °. Left male appendage V slightly sclerotized, highly modified; podomere II with convex ventral margin, and with short to medium-sized, distal seta at lateral surface or postero-dorsal angle; podomere III partially or completely fused to podomere II, surface covered with numerous short setulae. Female appendage V with fairly short, thick, distal claws, the mediodistal one longest. Furca large, thick, and symmetrical. Hemipenis composed of two lamellae, the proximal one subrectangular in outline, posterodistal lamella variable in shape. Zenker’s organ with long and thin chitinous tube; terminal bulb small; vas deferens arranged in few loose loops that are about as long as the chitinous tube. Description: Carapace small, adults with one to more than ten circular to irregularly shaped, opaque, white patches, which occupy different positions at valve surface. RV always larger than and overlapping LV ventrally, antero-, and posterodorsally. Lateral outline elongate oblong; fairly inequilateral; dorsal margin slightly arched, posterodorsal margin convex, concave, or straight; posteroventral margin always rounded; ventral margin straight to fairly indented in mouth region; anterior margin narrowly rounded. Zone of concrescence medium-sized with mostly straight, but also few ramified radial pore canals; vestibules wide. Antenna I with seven slender, elongate podomeres, and long, thin, flexible setae; podomeres II and III fused with incomplete suture; podomere VII with four setae. Antenna II with six robust podomeres; podomere II long; podomere IV two times as long as podomere III. Mandible with a broad masticatory jaw armed with one dorsal, conical tooth followed by six tricuspidate teeth and several setae; exopodite with one reduced plus six or seven distal setae. Vibratory plate of maxilla I with two long strahlen (anteriorly directed setae) plus 13 – 19 feathered setae; palp podomeres I and II flexibly articulated; ventral endite with one or two basal setae; other two endites without basal seta. Exopodite of appendage V with 10 – 12 setae. Female appendage V symmetrical, slender; podomere II (= palp podomere I) two times as long as podomere IV, podomeres IV and V with fairly short, thick, distal claws, the mediodistal claw of podomere V longest. Male appendage V very asymmetrical. Right appendage robust, larger than left appendage; podomere II (= palp podomere I) subrectangular, ventral margin straight to slightly sinuous, with one medium-sized seta present on dorsodistal margin, plus one reduced seta and two or three modified setae (= peg) on ventrodistal margin; robust, hookshaped podomere III curved at 90 to 110 °, one modified seta (= peg) present distally. Left male appendage V slightly sclerotized, highly modified; podomere II with very sinuous ventral margin, distal seta short to medium-sized at lateral surface or at dorsal margin, ventrodistal angle with two modified setae (= pegs) and one reduced, thin seta; podomere III partially or completely fused to podomere II, surface covered with numerous short setulae, one short, modified seta (= peg) present on dorsodistal margin. Ventral margin of podomeres III and IV of appendage VI finely setulate; podomere VI with one short seta and two long claws, dorsodistal claw slightly shorter than mediodistal one. Furca large, thick, and symmetrical, terminal setae robust, separated from furcal rods by a conspicuous suture; distal two thirds of posterior margin of each ramus with thin, short barbs. Hemipenis composed of two lamellae, the proximal one suboval to subrectangular in outline, posterodistal lamella very variable in shape amongst species (subtriangular, subrectangular, or bilobated). Zenker’s organ with long and thin chitinous, central tube and small terminal bulb; vas deferens arranged in few loose loops that are about as long as the central tube. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 2 - 3), 7 (0 / 0: 3 - 4). Antenna II 1 (0 / 0: 1 - 2), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 / 6 - 7.1 c, 3), 4 [female (. 1. /. 2.1 c, 2)] [male (. 1. /. 2.1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 /. 1 c, 1: 3 c, 2), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 1 - 2). Mandible 1 (0 / 6 t, + 5.1.), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 1 r, 5 - 7), 3 (0 /. 4 - 5: 1 - 2), 4 (. 3. /. 4: 2), 5 (0 / 0: 2 c, 0 - 3). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2 re, 13 - 19), palp 1 (. 1), 2 (. 3 - 4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 4 - 5). ApV 1 (0 / 1: 1,0 - 2), Exopodite (0 / 0.1.1.0 - 2.6 - 7), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1) 5 (. 1. / 0: 2)] [male 2 (. 0 - 1 / 2 - 3 mod, 0 - 1 r: 0 - 1), right 3 (0 /. 0: 1 mod), left 3 (. 1 mod /. 0)]. Appendage VI 1 (0 /. 1 - 2), + 2 (. 1 /. 1.1.1), 3 (0 /. 1), 4 (0 /. 1), 5 (0 /. 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 1). Appendage VII 1 (. 1 / 0), + 2 (. 1 /. 1.1.1), 3 (0 /. 1), 4 (0 /. 1), 5 (0 /. 2), 6 (0 / 0: 1.1 r, 1). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 1.0 - 2 r). Remarks: The genus Yemanja gen. nov. is closely related to the genus Macrocyprina; both genera share small, oblong valves with white, opaque spots; antenna I with partially fused podomeres II and III (= palp podomeres I and II); podomeres I and II of maxilla I palp united by a complete suture; and the symmetrical furcae. The modified male left appendage V is diagnostic of Yemanja. As all previously described genera of family Macrocyprididae, and also most other Cypridocopina, have the left male appendage V similar or equal to the right appendage V, it is more parsimonious to hypothesize that the modified state is an apomorphy of the new genus Yemanja. Moreover, the largest diversity and wider geographical distribution of Macrocyprina indicates that this genus is geologically older and may be ancestral (and then polyphyletic) to Yemanja. The reduced seta (= dorsoproximal peg from Brandão, 2005) on the medial surface of the exopodite of the mandible had been suggested to be an important taxonomic character for the three Brazilian species of Yemanja (Brandão, 2005) because it had never been described nor figured in any other species of Macrocyprididae. However, all the macrocypridid species studied herein do present this character. Additionally, because of its geographical distribution (Caribbean, Rocas Atoll, north-eastern and south-eastern Brazil), I suggest that the genus Yemanja evolved off the north-eastern coast of Brazil (at or near the Rocas Atoll) and migrated northwards and southwards according to the superficial Equatorial Current and Brazilian Current.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFFCEB3C3BAFF9633BA0F91B.taxon	materials_examined	Type species (original binomen): Macrocypris siliquosa (Brady, 1887) (original designation). Additional species (listed by original binomen): Macrocypris siliquosa Brady, 1887; Macrocypris australiana Neale, 1975; Macromckenziea glacierae Maddocks, 1990; Macromckenziea gregalis Maddocks, 1990; Macrocypris ligustica Bonaduce, Masoli & Pugliese, 1977; Macrocypris porcelanica Whatley & Downing, 1983; Macromckenziea swansoni Maddocks, 1990.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFFCEB3C3BAFF9633BA0F91B.taxon	description	1988 ‘ aff. Macrocypris spec. (= glacierae Maddocks, unpublished) ’ of Hartmann, 1988: 149 1989 a ‘ aff. Macrocypris spec. (= glacierae Maddocks, unpublished) ’ of Hartmann, 1989 a: 219, fig. 1989 b ‘ aff. Macrocypris spec. (= glacierae Maddocks, unpublished) ’ of Hartmann, 1989 b: 253 - 1990 in part Macromckenziea glacierae Maddocks, 1990: 51 – 52. 1990 aff. Macromckenziea glacierae, Hartmann, 1990: 212.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFFCEB3C3BAFF9633BA0F91B.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 85 specimens plus 10 valves. 10 A F (SNB 0014, 0016), 3 A M (SNB 0020), 16 (A- 1), 5 (A- 2), 4 (A- 3), 4 damaged specimens, 1 RV, 2 LV, EASIZ II, # 107, ZMH K- 40811; 1 (A- 2), 1 damaged specimen, EASIZ II, # 111, ZMH K- 40812; 10 A F, 4 A M (SNB 0060), 11 (A- 1), 8 (A- 2), 3 damaged J, 2 RLV, 1 LV, EASIZ II, # 310, ZMH K- 40813; 1 A F, EASIZ II, # 316, ZMH K- 40814; 2 A F, 1 A M, 1 (A- 1), 1 RLV, EASIZ II, # 320, ZMH K- 40815; 2 A F, 4 A M (SNB 0120 - DNA 23, SNB 0130 - DNA 31, SNB 0443 - DNA 150, SNB 0444 - DNA 151), 4 A, 9 (A- 1) F, + 11 (A- 1) M, 1 (A- 1), 8 (A- 2), 5 (A- 3), ANDEEP III, # 74 - 6 - E, ZMH K- 41365; 9 A F (SNB 0375 - DNA 108, SNB 0376 - DNA 109, SNB 0377 - DNA 110), 3 A M (SNB 0410 - DNA 117, SNB 0411 - DNA 118), 5 (A- 1) (SNB 0412 - DNA 119), 3 (A- 2), 3 (A- 3), ANDEEP III, # 74 - 6 - S, ZMH K- 41366; 4 A F, 3 (A- 1) F, ANDEEP III, # 151 - 1. ZMH K- 41367; 4 A F (SNB 0424 - DNA 131, SNB 0425 - DNA 132, SNB 0426 - DNA 133), 4 A M (SNB 0373 - DNA 106, SNB 0374 - DNA 107), 4 (A- 1) F (SNA 0427 - 0430 - DNA 134 - 137), ANDEEP III, # 151 - 7 - E, ZMH K- 41368; 3 (A- 1) F (SNB 0431 - DNA 138), ANDEEP III, # 151 - 7 - S, ZMH K- 41369. Distribution (Fig. 7): Recent. Atlantic sector of the SO (Subantarctic and Antarctic regions), 90 – 1187 m (the only previous abyssal record is herein considered a misidentification, see Remarks section below). Right valve measurements (Fig. 7): A F L 1.72 – 1.91 mm, H 0.77 – 0.86 mm; A M L 1.63 – 1.83 mm, H 0.65 – 0.68 mm; (A- 1) L 1.44 – 1.60 mm, H 0.64 – 0.71 mm; (A- 2) L 1.18 – 1.32 mm, H 0.54 – 0.60 mm; (A- 3) L 1.03 – 1.08 mm, H 0.48 – 0.50 mm. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 1 - 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 / 6.1 c, 5), 4 [female (. 2. /. 2.1 c, 3)] [male (. 2. /. 2.1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 /. 1 c, 1: 4 c, 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 3 s). Mandible 1 (0 / 5 t, + 5.1.), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 1 r, 6 - 7), 3 (0 - 1 / 2 - 5: 1 - 3), 4 (3 - 7 / 2 - 4: 0 - 5), 5 (. 2 c. / 0: 1 c, 3 - 4). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2 - 3 re, ~ 19), palp 1 + 2 (4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 5). Appendage V 1 (0 / 0.2 - 3), Exopodite (0 / 0: 6 - 8), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1) 5 (. 1. / 0: 2)]; [male 2 (0 / 2 mod, 1: 1 r), 3 (0 /. 1 r: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (. 1 / 0: 1.1.1), 2 (. 1.1.1 / 1), 3 (0 /. 1), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (1,1 r / 0) 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (0 /. 1) 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 re). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 3 r. 1). Remarks: Macromckenziea glacierae is an Antarctic and Subantarctic shelf species, which also occurs in the shallow continental slope. The only female recorded from abyssal depths (Maddocks, 1990, Drake Passage, station GL- 2 - 0022, Weddell Sea, 3111 m) is most probably a misidentification, as its size is much smaller [~ 1.4 mm, similar to other (A- 2)] than the adult male holotype (~ 1.82 mm). Furthermore, the extreme size variability of other adult paratypes (~ 1.60 – 2.10 mm), and the continuous distribution of 590 S. N. BRANDÃO adult and (A- 1) specimens in the length ¥ height scatter plot (Maddocks, 1990: graph 8) show that more than one species are most probably present on the ‘ type material’ of Mk. glacierae. Genetic data (Brandão et al., in press) strongly indicate that the morphospecies Mk. glacierae is composed of at least two genetically distinct groups. Based on mitochondrial [Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI)] and on nuclear [Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS)] markers, the two populations of Mk. glacierae – one in the eastern Weddell Sea (no. 74) and the other in the western Weddell Sea (no. 151) – are genetically discrete. However, no difference could be noted between these populations in the chaetotaxy of the appendages (antenna I, antenna II, mandible, maxilla I, appendage V, appendage VI, and appendage VII) and furca, or on the outline of the hemipenises. It is also not possible to separate the two populations (i. e. Eastern and Western) in the length ¥ height scatter plot (Fig. 7), as eastern and western specimens plot mixed within other specimens of the same sex (when adult) or instar (when juvenile). Other cases of genetically distinct species that are morphologically indistinguishable are known in marine shallow and deep-waters for several taxonomic groups, such as for example, the Foraminifera (Pawlowski et al., 2002), nematodes (Derycke et al., 2008), gastropods (Etter et al., 1999), and asselotan isopods (Brökenland & Raupach, 2008).	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFFBEB3038D4F92F3B42F8B4.taxon	description	(FIGS 7, 11 – 13) Etymology: In honour of Diego Giambonini for his immense support. Material: 8 live specimens. Holotype: 1 A F (SNB 0030) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), EASIZ II, # 107, ZMH K- 40809. Paratypes: 3 A F (SNB 0029, 0031, 0032) (valves in micropalaeontological slide, soft parts in glass slide) and 4 (A- 1) (in alcohol 90 %), EASIZ II, # 107, ZMH K- 40810. Distribution (Fig. 7): Recent. Eastern Weddell Sea, SO, 924 - 934 m. Measurements (Fig. 7): Holotype, RV L 1.56 mm, H 0.68 mm; LV L 1.54 mm, H 0.64 mm. Paratypes, A F, RV, L 1.56 – 1.60 mm, H 0.68 – 0.70 mm; (A- 1) RV, L 1.34 – 1.38 mm, H 0.56 – 0.60 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace medium-sized. In lateral view, elongate; with slightly arched dorsal margin; and straight (RV) or slightly concave (LV) ventral margin; posterior margin pointed at 90 °. Zone of concrescence very narrow with short, straight radial pore canals. Podomeres I of maxilla I without seta. Podomere V of female appendage V with very long mid-distal seta. Furca reduced, with two rods, each rod flexible and bearing two tiny proximal setae and one terminal, short seta. Description: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus), non-equilateral, elongate in lateral outline, narrow zone of concrescence with straight radial pore canals, calcified inner lamella narrow. Greatest height at midlength in RV and anterior to mid-length in LV. Length approximately 2.3 times maximum height. RV larger than LV. Anterior margin of both valves narrowly rounded, dorsal margin gently arched, posterior margin rounded, ending in 90 ° posterior angle. Ventral margin straight in RV and slightly concave in LV. Anterodorsal margin fairly straight in RV, slightly concave in LV. Antenna I robust, thick, tapering, with seven podomeres; Podomeres II and III flexibly articulated. Antenna II compact, thick-proportioned, tightly curled, with six podomeres; podomere IV short and thick. Mandible with a broad masticatory jaw armed with one dorsal, conical tooth followed by four tricuspidate teeth and several setae. Maxilla I with three slender endites, each armed distally with a dense fringe of subequal claws, ventral endite with two proximal setae on ventral margin, other two endites without proximal setae; vibratory plate with one strahlen and ~ 14 to ~ 17 feathered setae; palp slender, flexible; podomeres I and II fused, dorsal seta of podomere I absent). Exopodite of female appendage V with seven setae; podomeres IV and V with long and thin setae, mid-distal seta conspicuously longer than other three setae. Podomere IV and V of appendage VI short; podomere VI elongate, with two subequal, medium-sized, distal claws and one short distal seta. Appendage VII thin and small; podomere V with two ventrodistal, medium-sized setae, the most ventral one shortest; and with one very short reflexed seta. Furca very small, each rod flexible and bearing two tiny proximal setae and one terminal, short seta. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 3 - 4). Antenna II 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 / 5.5), 4 (. 2 /. 1 c: 3), 5 (0 /. 1,1 c: 1.3 c), 6 (0 / 0: 4 c, 1 s). Mandible 1 (0 / 5 t, + 5.1.), 2 (0 /. 2), Exopodite (0 / 0: 5), 3 (0 / 5: 1), 4 (5 / 4), 5 (. 2. / 0: 3). Maxilla I vibratory plate (1 re, ~ 14 - 16), palp 1 + 2 (4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 5). Appendage V F 1, Exopodite (. 3. / 0: 4), 2, 3, 4 (0 / 1), 5 (0 / 0: 3). Appendage VI 1 (0 /. 1), 2 (. 1 /. 1.1.1), 3 (0 /. 1), 4 (0 /. 1), 5 (0 /. 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 1). Appendage VII 1 + 2 (. 1 /. 1), 3 (0 / 1), 4 (0 / 1), 5 (0 / 1), 6 (0 / 0: 1.1 r, 1). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 1.2 r). Remarks: Macromckenziea giambonini sp. nov. fits well in the description of the genus Macromckenziea except for the furca, which is more similar to the genera Macrocypris Brady, 1868 and Macropyxis Maddocks, 1990. In the new species the furca is less reduced than the furca of the other species in Macromckenziea. In this character, Mk. giambonini sp. nov. differs from all other species of Macromckenziea for which the appendages have been figured: Macromckenziea glacierae, Macromckenziea ligustica, and Macromckenziea siliquosa (Maddocks, 1990: figs 46.20 – 34). Additionally, Macromckenziea australiana, Mk. glacierae, Macromckenziea gregalis, Macromckenziea porcelanica, and Macromckenziea swansoni are more subtriangular, higher in relation to length than Mk. giambonini sp. nov. Furthermore, Mk. glacierae presents a more pointed posterior angle than Mk. giambonini sp. nov. Macromckenziea ligustica and Mk. siliquosa have more subparallel ventral and dorsal margins, a more straight dorsal margin and a more sinuate ventral margin than Mk. giambonini sp. nov. The valves of Macromckenziea sp. 3 from Maddocks (1990: 56), recorded from the Drake Passage (240 m), are very similar to those of Mk. giambonini sp. nov., but smaller (grey triangle in Fig. 7), with a slightly more truncated anterior margin, and Macromckenziea sp. 3 ’ s antenna I is more robust, with the podomeres wider in relation to length than in Mk. giambonini sp. nov. Macropyxis andreseni and Macropyxis sonneae, from the Pacific Sector of the SO, present similar carapace outlines but are higher in relation to length, and present well-developed furca, whereas in Mk. giambonini sp. nov. the furca is reduced.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFF0EB3738A7FAC93AC3FAFB.taxon	materials_examined	Type species (original binomen): Macrocypris sapeloensis Darby, 1965 (original designation). Additional species (listed by original binomen): Macropyxis adrecta Maddocks, 1990; Macrocypris adriatica Breman, 1975; Macropyxis adunca Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis amanda Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis amoena Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis andreseni Jellinek & Swanson, 2003; Macropyxis antonbruunae Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis arta Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis audens Maddocks, 1990; Macrocypris bathyalensis Hulings, 1967; Macropyxis eltaninae Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis improcera Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis kaesleri Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis kalbi Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis kornickeri Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis labutisi Maddocks, 1990; Macrocypris longanavan den Bold, 1960; Macrocypris rhodanavan den Bold, 1960; Macrocypris similis Brady, 1880; Macropyxis simulans Maddocks, 1990; Macropyxis sonneae Jellinek & Swanson, 2003; Macropyxis steinecki Maddocks, 1990; Macrocypris tenuicauda Brady, 1880; Macropyxis thiedei Jellinek & Swanson, 2003.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFF0EB0B3B71FA873DC0F8B5.taxon	etymology	Etymology: In honour of the ostracodologist Dr Alan Lord (Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Germany). Material: 4 live specimens. Holotype: 1 A M (SNB 0149) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), ANDEEP I, # 129 - 2 - E, ZMH K- 41370. Paratypes: 1 A M (SNB 0115) (valves in micropalaeontological slide, soft parts in glass slide), ANDEEP III, # 16 - 11. ZMH K- 41371; 1 A F (SNB 0141), ANDEEP I, # 46 - 7 - S, ZMH K- 41379; 1 (A- 1) (SNB 0138), ANDEEP II, # 136 - 4 - E, ZMH K- 41372. Distribution (Fig. 14): Recent. Atlantic Sector of SO (Scotia, Weddell, and Cape Basins), 3631 – 4727 mm. Valve measurements: Holotype, A M RV L 2.04 mm, H 0.85 mm, LV L 2.00 mm, H 0.76 mm. Paratypes, A M RV L 2.13 mm, H 0.89 mm; A F RV L 2.04 – 2.05 mm, H 0.81 – 0.82 mm; (A- 1) RV L 1.71 mm, H 0.68 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus). In lateral view, valves elongated; RV with slightly convex ventral and dorsal margins; posterior margin relatively obtuse for the genus (around 60 – 70 °). Podomere IV of female appendage V with one long, ventral seta; podomere V with two long, subequal setae and one medium-sized, dorsal seta. Right and left male appendage V fairly symmetrical; podomere II of male appendage V with two short, modified setae (= pegs) and one reduced seta; podomere III with one ventral, reduced seta and one distal, modified seta. Furca reduced, rods short and flexible, terminal setae longer than rod itself. Hemipenis elongated, subrectangular, copulatory process short and slightly curved. Zenker’s organ with weakly sclerotized, short central tube and very large terminal bulb. Description: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus). In lateral view, valves elongate, slightly sinuous. RV with slightly convex ventral and dorsal margins; posterior margin relatively (for the genus) obtuse (around 60 – 70 °); anterior margin narrowly rounded; maximum height at mid-length. LV with sinuous ventral margin; trisegmented dorsal margin, but with inconspicuous angles between segments, anterior segment slightly concave; anterior margin narrowly rounded; posterior margin pointed at around 45 °; maximum height anterior to mid-length. Anterior zone of concrescence medium-sized, with ramified radial pore canals; posterior zone of concrescence thin, with straight radial pore canals. RV always larger than LV. Antennae I and II quite robust, with relatively thick and short podomeres and setae. Mandible with one conical tooth and three or four tricuspidate teeth on the masticatory process; exopodite with one reduced seta and six to eight medium-sized setae. Vibratory plate of maxilla I with two strahlen and more than 12 feathered setae; ventral endite with two basal setae; other two endites without basal seta. Podomere II of female appendage V long; podomeres III to V short; podomere IV with one long, ventral seta; podomere V with two long, subequal setae and one medium-sized, dorsal seta. Right and left male appendage V fairly symmetrical; podomere II of male appendage V with two short, modified setae (= pegs) and one reduced seta; podomere III curved at approximately 90 °, with one ventral, reduced seta and one distal, modified seta. Podomere VI of appendage VI with two long, thin claws and one short, ventral seta on distal margin. Appendage VII with thin and slender podomeres; podomere II with three long setae. Furca reduced, rods short and flexible, with four to five proximal, reduced setae; distal setae thin and slender, longer than rod itself. Hemipenis elongated, subrectangular, copulatory process located in the posterodorsal part of hemipenis, short, robust, and slightly curved. Zenker’s organ with weakly sclerotized and short central tube and very large terminal bulb; vas deferens very thin. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 1 - 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 / 6.1 c, 4 - 5?), 4 [female (. 2. /. 2.2 c, 2)] [male (. 2. /. 2.1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 /. 1 c, 1: 4 c, 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 2 - 3). Mandible 1 (0 / 4 - 5 t, + 5.1.), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 1 r, 6 - 8), 3 (0 - 1 / 2 - 3: 2 - 3), 4 (5 - 7 / 0: 3 - 5), 5 (. 2 c. / 0: 1 c, 2 - 4). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2 re, ~ 16), palp 1 (. 1 / 0) + 2 (4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 6). Appendage V 1 (0 / 1 - 2.1 - 2), Exopodite (0 / 0: 5 - 8), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1) 5 (. 1. / 0: 2)] [male 2 (0 / 2 mod, 1), 3 (0 /. 1 r: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (0 / 0: 1 - 2), 2 (. 1.1.1 / 1), 3 (0 /. 1), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (1,1 r / 0) 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (. 1 - 2 / 0), 2 (. 1.2. /. 1) 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 re). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 3 r. 1). Remarks: Macropyxis alanlordi sp. nov. differs from all macrocypridid species (with published illustrations on soft parts) owing to the presence of an extremely large terminal bulb and a very weakly sclerotized central tube on Zenker’s organ. One exception is Mk. sp. 19 from Maddocks (1990: 57), which present a very similar Zenker’s organ, but valves of Mx. alanlordi are conspicuously higher in relation to length, with more obtuse posterior angle. Additionally, Mx. alanlordi sp. nov. differs from other described Macropyxis species in: (1) Mx. alanlordi is more elongated, less high in relation to length than Mx. andreseni, Mx. eltaninae; (2) Mx. alanlordi is more globulose, higher in relation to length than Mx. adriatica, Mx. adunca, Mx. amanda, Mx. antonbruunae, Mx. arta, Mx. audens, Mx. improcera, Mx. kalbi, Mx. kaesleri, Mx. labutisi, Mx. longana, Mx. rhodana, Mx. similis, Mx. simulans, Mx. tenuicauda; (3) Mx. kornickeri presents a more protruded, elongated posterior angle than Mx. alanlordi; (4) Mx. sapeloensis and Mx. sonneae present a more evenly rounded dorsal margin than Mx. alanlordi (with more sinuous outline); (5) Mx. thiedei is more subtriangular than Mx. alanlordi; and (6) Mx. steinecki presents a conspicuously more sinuate outline, and more acute posterior angle. The female valve outline of Mx. alanlordi sp. nov. is very similar to Mx. amoena, Mx. adrecta, and Mx. bathyalensis, but these three species present a Zenker’s organ with a medium-sized terminal bulb, instead of a very large one. Macropyxis adrecta seams to be the closest species to Mx. alanlordi because of similarities in the hemipenis (outline and copulatory process) and valve outline (especially in females), however both species differ, as cited above, in the terminal bulb of the Zenker’s organ. The occurrence of these species in abyssal depths of the SO (Mx. alanlordi) and the Southern Atlantic (Mx. adrecta) is possibly the result of dispersion facilitated by the northward flow of the bottom water masses formed in the SO.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFCDEB0E3887FF1D3AA8F967.taxon	etymology	Etymology: In honour of Dr Thomas M. Cronin (U. S. Geological Survey, USA). Material: 5 live specimens. Holotype: 1 A M (SNB 0234) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), ANDEEP I, # 42 - 2 - S, ZMH K- 41373. Paratypes: 2 A F (SNB 0233, SNB 0236), 1 (A- 1) (SNB 0151), 1 (A-? 2) (SNB 0152), ANDEEP I, # 42 - 2 - E + S, ZMH K- 41374. Distribution (Fig. 14): Recent. Western Scotia Basin, 3681 – 3690 m. Valve measurements: Holotype, A M RV L 1.72 mm, H 0.66 mm, LV L 1.70 mm, H 0.59 mm. Paratypes, A F RV L 1.80 – 1.90 mm, H 0.75 – 0.77 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace fairly small (for the genus). In lateral view, RV suboval (females) to elongate (males); with smoothly rounded dorsal margin, and fairly straight ventral margins; posterior margin relatively obtuse (for the genus), pointed at approximately 90 °. Podomere IV of antenna II of (A- 1) with two modified (= proximally bulbous) setae. Podomere IV of female appendage V with one medium-sized, ventral seta; podomere V with two medium-sized, subequal setae and one long, ventral seta. Right and left male appendage V fairly symmetrical; podomere II of male appendage V with two short, modified setae (= pegs) and one reduced seta; podomere III with one ventral, reduced seta and one distal, modified seta (= peg). Furca reduced, rods short and flexible, terminal setae longer than rod itself. Hemipenis subcircular, copulatory process short, thick, and curved at approximately 90 °. Zenker’s organ with short central tube and large terminal bulb; vas deferens tightly coiled. Description: Carapace fairly small (for the genus). In lateral view, RV suboval (females) to elongate (males); with smoothly rounded dorsal margin; fairly straight ventral margin; posterior margin relatively obtuse (for the genus), pointed at approximately 90 °. LV elongate in lateral view; dorsal margin trisegmented, anterior segment concave in females, fairly straight in males; ventral margin sinuous; posterior margin pointed at 70 – 80 °. Anterior zone of concrescence medium-sized, with ramified radial pore canals; posterior zone of concrescence thin, with straight radial pore canals. RV always larger than LV. Antennae I and II robust, with relatively thick and short podomeres, setae, and claws. Podomere IV of antenna II slightly longer than wide. Mandible with one conical tooth and four tricuspidate teeth on the masticatory process; exopodite with one reduced seta and seven medium-sized setae. Vibratory plate of maxilla I with two strahlen and more than 20 feathered setae; ventral endite with two basal setae; other two endites without basal seta. Female appendage V relatively short and thick; podomere IV with one medium-sized, ventral seta; podomere V with two medium-sized, subequal setae and one long, ventral seta. Right and left male appendage V fairly symmetrical; podomere II of male appendage V with two short, modified setae (= pegs) and one reduced seta; podomere III curved at approximately 90 °, with one ventral, reduced seta and one distal, modified seta. Podomere VI of appendage VI with two long, thin claws (ventral one slightly longer) and one short, ventral seta on distal margin. Appendage VII with thin and slender podomeres; podomere II with two long and one medium-sized setae. Furca reduced, rods short and flexible, with two to three proximal, reduced setae; distal setae thin and slender, longer than rod itself. Hemipenis subcircular, copulatory process short, thick and curved at approximately 90 °. Zenker’s organ with short central tube and large terminal bulb; vas deferens tightly coiled. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 1 - 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 3 - 4). Antenna II 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 /. 6.1 c, 4), 4 [female (. 2. /. 2.1 c, 2)] [male (. 2. /. 2.1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 /. 1 c, 1: 4 c, 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 3 s). Mandible 1 (0 / 5 t, + 5.1.), 2 (0 /. 0 - 2: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 1 r, 6 - 7), 3 (0 / 2 - 3: 2 - 3), 4 (4 - 7 / 0: 4), 5 (. 2 c. / 0: 1 c, 3 - 4). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2 re, ~ 20), palp 1 (. 1 / 0) + 2 (4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 6). Appendage V 1 (0 / 0: 1 - 3), Exopodite (0 / 0: 7), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1) 5 (. 1. / 0: 2)]; [male 2 (0 / 2 mod, 1), 3 (0 /. 1 r: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (0 / 0: 1 - 2), 2 (. 1.1.1 / 1), 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (1,1 r / 0) 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (. 1.2. /. 1.) 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 re). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 3 r. 1 - 2). Remarks: Macropyxis cronini sp. nov. differs from other described Macropyxis species in: (1) Mx. cronini has less protruded posterior angle, and / or is more globulose, higher in relation to length than Mx. adunca, Mx. adrecta, Mx. amanda, Mx. antonbruunae, Mx. arta, Mx. audens, Mx. bathyalensis, Mx. improcera, Mx. kornickeri, Mx. longana, Mx. rhodana, Mx. similis, Mx. simulans, Mx. tenuicauda; (2) Mx. adriatica presents a more rectilinear outline; (3) Mx. alanlordi sp. nov., Mx. kaesleri, Mx. kalbi, Mx. steinecki show conspicuously more sinuous outline, with more acute posterior angle; (4) Mx. thiedei is more subtriangular than Mx. cronini sp. nov. The female and male valve outlines of Mx. cronini sp. nov. are very similar to Mx. amoena, Mx. eltaninae, Mx. andreseni, Mx. labutisi, Mx. sapeloensis, and Mx. sonneae. The outlines of the hemipenis of these last six species are conspicuously different (rectilinear or with a beak-like process, instead of subhemispherical) than that of Mx. cronini. Additionally, the terminal bulbs of the Zenker’s organ diverge between Mx. cronini (large), and the last four species (mediumsized). No illustration of the Zenker’s organ of Mx. amoena and Mx. eltaninae has been published. Antenna I, maxilla I, appendage VI, and appendage VII of Macropyxis cronini sp. nov. are very similar to those of Mx. alanlordi sp. nov. Antenna II of Macropyxis cronini sp. nov. is very similar to those of Mx. sp. nov. 1, and the mandible of the former species is very similar to that of Macropyxis jeans sp. nov. Therefore, these appendages are only drawn for Mx. alanlordi, Mx. jeans, and Mx. sp. nov. 1. MACROPYXIS GHARTMANNI SP. NOV. (FIGS 14, 20, 27 A – D, 27 M) Etymology: In honour of Prof. Dr Gerd Hartmann for his valuable contributions to the morphology, systematics, and zoogeography of Ostracoda. Material: 2 live specimens. Holotype: 1 A F (SNB 0145) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), ANDEEP II, 133 - 3 - E, ZMH K- 41360. Paratype: 1 (A- 1) (SNB 0146) (valves in micropalaeontological slide, soft parts in glass slide), ANDEEP II, 133 - 3 - E, ZMH K- 41321. Distribution (Fig. 14): Recent. North-western Weddell Sea, 1123 m. Valve measurements: Holotype, A F RV L 2.10 mm, H 0.86 mm, LV L 2.08 mm, H 0.78 mm. Paratype (A- 1) RV L 1.82 mm, H 0.72 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus). In lateral view, valves elongate, subtriangular; RV with highly arched dorsal margin; posterior margin rounded at approximately 60 – 70 °. Podomere IV of female appendage V with one long, ventral seta; podomere V with two long, subequal setae and one medium-sized, dorsal seta. Furca reduced, rods short and flexible, terminal setae longer than rod itself. Description: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus). In lateral view, valves elongate, subtriangular; RV with highly arched dorsal margin; posterior margin rounded at approximately 60 – 70 °; anterior margin narrowly rounded; ventral margin rounded anteriorly, and upswung, straight posteriorly; maximum height at mid-length. LV with trisegmented dorsal margin, but with inconspicuous angles between segments, anterior segment slightly concave; anterior margin narrowly rounded; posterior margin pointed rounded at approximately 45 °; maximum height anterior to mid-length. Vestibules wide; anterior zone of concrescence fairly wide, with ramified radial pore canals; posterior zone of concrescence medium-sized, with mostly straight but also few ramified pore canals. RV always larger than LV. Antenna I quite robust, with relatively thick and short podomeres and setae. Antenna II robust, with short and thick podomeres. Mandible with one conical tooth and four tricuspidate teeth on the masticatory process; exopodite with one reduced and six mediumsized setae. Vibratory plate of maxilla I with three strahlen and more than 19 feathered setae; ventral endite with two basal setae; other two endites without basal seta. Podomere II of female appendage V long; podomeres III to V short; podomere IV with one long, ventral seta; podomere V with two long, subequal setae and one medium-sized, dorsal seta. Podomere VI of appendage VI with two long, thin claws (ventral one longest) and one short, ventral seta on distal margin. Appendage VII with thin and slender podomeres; podomere II with three long setae. Furca reduced, rods short and flexible, with four proximal, reduced setae; distal setae thin and slender, longer than rod itself. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 / 5 - 6.1 c, 5), 4 [female (. 2. /. 2.1 c, 2)] 5 (0 /. 1 c, 1: 4 c, 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 3). Mandible 1 (0 / 4 t, + 5: 1), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 1 r, 5 - 6), 3 (1 / 3 - 4: 2), 4 (7 / 0: 4), 5 (. 2 c. / 0: 1 c, 4). Maxilla I vibratory plate (3 re, ~ 19), palp 1 (. 1 - 2 / 0) + 2 (4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 6). Appendage V 1 (0 / 0: 1 - 3), Exopodite (0 / 0: 6), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1) 5 (. 1. / 0: 2)]. Appendage VI 1 (0 / 0: 2), 2 (. 1.1.1 / 1), 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (1,1 r / 0) 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (. 1.2. /. 1.) 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 re). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 4 r. 1). Remarks: Macropyxis ghartmanni sp. nov. presents a set of characters that are diagnostic of different genera of Macrocyprididae (sensu Maddocks, 1990): (1) subtriangular shape, with rounded (not acutely pointed) posterior margin (typical of Macroscapha and Macrocyprina); (2) maxilla I with podomeres II and III fused (= palp podomeres I and II) (typical of Macrocypris, Macrocyprissa, Macromckenziea, Macropyxis); (3) fairly reduced furca (typical of Macrocypris and Macropyxis); and (4) (not stated by Maddocks, 1990, but observed in her drawings figs 29 – 31) podomeres IV and V of female appendage V (= podomeres III and IV of palp) with long setae (typical of Macropyxis) instead of short claws (as in Macroscapha and Macrocyprina). Herein Mx. ghartmanni was assigned to the genus Macropyxis because of its maxilla I, appendage V, and furca. Another species that present mixed characters – ‘ Mx. ’ thiedei from the Campbell Plateau (off New Zealand), tentatively assigned to the genus Macropyxis (Jellinek & Swanson, 2003) – is very similar to Mx. ghartmanni, but the latter species presents (1) valves less high in relation to length (2) and slender furcae with longer and thinner rods and terminal setae. As a result of its untypical subtriangular valve lateral outline, Mx. ghartmanni sp. nov. differ from almost all other described Macropyxis species (i. e. Mx. adrecta, Mx. adriatica, Mx. adunca, Mx. alanlordi sp. nov., Mx. amanda, Mx. amoena, Mx. andreseni, Mx. antonbruunae, Mx. arta, Mx. audens, Mx. bathyalensis, Mx. cronini sp. nov., Mx. eltaninae, Mx. improcera, Mx. kaesleri, Mx. kalbi, Mx. kornickeri, Mx. labutisi, Mx. longana, Mx. rhodana, Mx. sapeloensis, Mx. similis, Mx. simulans, Mx. sonneae, Mx. steinecki, Mx. tenuicauda). All other Macropyxis species present more subparallel dorsal and ventral margins, and acutely pointed posterior margins. The mandible of Macropyxis ghartmanni sp. nov. is very similar to that of Macropyxis jeans sp. nov.; therefore, this appendage is only drawn for the latter species.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFC9EB033B63F92E38BBF932.taxon	etymology	Etymology: In honour of Dr David J. Horne (Queen Mary University of London, UK) for his exciting publications on Ostracoda. Material: 13 live specimens. Holotype: 1 A F (SNB 0572 - DNA 279) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), ANDEEP I, # 46 - 7 - S, ZMH K- 41281. Paratypes: 2 A F (SNB 0142, SNB 0147), 2 (A- 1)? M (SNB 0143, SNB 0240 - DNA 48), 1? F (A- 1) (SNB 0217), 2 (A- 1) (SNB 0239 - DNA 47, 0571 - DNA 278), 3 (A- 2) (SNB 0241 - DNA 49, SNB 0242 - DNA 50, SNB 0306 - DNA 55), 1 (A- 3), 1 (A-?) (SNB 0573 - DNA 280), ANDEEP I, # 46 - 7 - S, ZMH K- 41376. Distribution (Fig. 14): Recent. South-western Scotia Basin, 2889 – 2892 m.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFDCEB1B38ADFEFB385CFE31.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 1 live specimen. 1 A F (SNB 0208), ANDEEP III, 151 - 7 - S, ZMH K- 41474. Distribution (Fig. 14): Recent. North-western Weddell Sea, 1179 – 1187 m.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFDCEB1B38CDF92E3AFFFF21.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 1 live specimen. 1 A M (SNB 0238 - DNA 46) ANDEEP I, # 46 - 7 - S, ZMH K- 41375. Distribution (Fig. 14): Recent. Western Scotia Basin, 2889 – 2892 m.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFD9EB1C38FAFC553ACFFA73.taxon	etymology	Etymology: In honour of Dr E. Fahrbach, the chief scientist of the ANDEEP III cruise. Material: 4 live specimens. Holotype: 1 A M (SNB 0148) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), ANDEEP II, # 139 - 6 - E, ZMH K- 41472. Paratypes: 1 A M (SNB 0225 - DNA 33), ANDEEP II, # 139 - 6 - E, ZMH K- 41475; 1 A F (SNB 0226 - DNA 34), 1 A M (SNB 0114 - DNA 17), ANDEEP III, # 81 - 8 - E + S, ZMH K- 41473. Distribution (Fig. 14): Weddell and Scotia Seas, 3947 – 4420 m. Valve measurements: Holotype, RV A M L 1.82 mm, H 0.68 mm; LV 1.80 mm, H 0.65 mm. Paratypes, A L 1.80 – 1.90 mm, H 0.68 – 0.72 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus). In lateral view, elongate; posterior margin acutely pointed and anterior margin narrowly rounded; ventral margin straight. Male appendage V very asymmetrical. Female appendage V with medial seta of podomere V over four times longer than ventral and dorsal setae. Hemipenis subhemispherical. Chitinized tube of Zenker’s organ wide; terminal bulb tiny. Description: Carapace medium-sized (for the genus). In lateral view, elongate; dorsal margin slightly arched, posterodorsal margin slightly concave; posterior margin acutely pointed and anterior margin narrowly rounded; ventral margin straight. Vestibules wide; zone of concrescence very narrow; radial pore canals very short and straight; dentiform corners inconspicuous; adductor muscle scars occupying a small area of the valve surface. Antenna I slender, elongate with thin, flexible setae; suture between podomeres I and II very faint; podomere IV elongated. Antenna II slender, suture between podomeres II and III faint; podomere IV very elongate. Basis of mandible with one short, dorsal seta, plus one conical and four trifurcating teeth and several setae. Maxilla I with two or three strahlen and over 18 feathered setae; suture between podomeres II and III (palp podomeres I and II) very faint. Female appendage V short and thick, medial seta of podomere V the longest, other two setae conspicuously shorter. Male appendage V very asymmetrical, podomere III straight or recurved at 90 °. Appendages VI and VII very elongate; reflexed seta of podomere VI of appendage VII long. Furca robust with symmetrical rods; terminal setae fused to the rods. Hemipenis subhemispherical, with relatively short and bifurcated copulatory process. Chitinized tube of Zenker’s organ wide, terminal bulb very small. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2) + 3 (. 1 /. 1), 4 (. 1 /. 1), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (0 / 0: 1 - 2), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 /. 5 - 6.4), 4 [female (. 1 r. /. 1.1 c, 2)] [male (. 1 r. /. 2.1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 / 1 c, 1: 3 c, 2), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 3). Mandible 1 (. 1 / 0: 5 t, + 8), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (1 r, 7 - 8), 3 (0 /. 4: 3 - 4), 4 (. 5.2 /. 3 - 4), 5 (. 2 c. / 0: 1 - 2 c, 3 - 4). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2 - 3 strahlen, + 18), palp 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (. 3 - 4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 6). Appendage V 1 (0 /. 1.2.1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 5), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1), 5 (. 1. / 0: 1 c, 1)] [male 2 (0 / 2 mod, 1: 1 r), 3 (0 /. 1 r: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (. 2. / 0), 2 (. 1.1.1. /. 1), 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 1,1 r / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (0 / 0: 0 - 1), 2 (. 1.1.1 / 0), 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 mod). Furca (0 / 0: 1,2 - 3 r). Remarks: Valves of Ms. fahrbachi sp. nov. are (1) conspicuously more elongated than Ms. muensteriana; (2) less sinuous than Ms. capacis and Ms. texana; (3) more subtriangular than M. graysonensis, Ms. hiulca, and Ms. procera; (4) less rectilinear than Ms. elegantula and Ms. siliqua; (5) higher in relation to length than M. exquisita, Ms. simplex, and M. wrightii. Antenna II and the mandible of Macrosarisa andeep sp. nov. are very similar to those of Ms. fahrbachi sp. nov.; therefore these appendages are only drawn for the former species.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFD9EB1C38FAFC553ACFFA73.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Macroscapha atlantica Maddocks, 1990 (original designation). Additional species (listed by original binomen): Macroscapha gyreae Maddocks, 1990; Mh. heroica Maddocks, 1990; M. inaequalis Müller, 1908; Mh. inaequata Maddocks, 1990; Mh. jiangi Maddocks, 1990; M. (Mn.) marchilensis (Hartmann, 1965); Mh. opaca Maddocks, 1990; Mh. sinuata Maddocks, 1990; M. tensa * Müller, 1908 * nomen dubium; Mh. turbida (Müller, 1908); Mh. cactus sp. nov., Mh. falcis sp. nov.; Mh. rehmi sp. nov.; Mh. scotia sp. nov.; Mh. subhemispherica sp. nov.; Mh. solecavai sp. nov.; Mh. walterae sp. nov.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFD9EB1C38FAFC553ACFFA73.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 30 live specimens plus 3 valves. Lectotype: soft parts and valves of 1 A M on a glass slide labelled ‘ Zool. Mus. Berlin, I. N. 13129, * Macrocypris inaequalis G. W. Müller, Gauss-Stat, 385 m, D. Südpolar Exp., 2.12.2, Gauss, 181 ’ and bearing Maddocks’ (1990) specimen number ‘ 1940 ♂, Lectotype’. Paralectotypes: soft parts and valves of 1 A F on a glass slide labelled ‘ Zool. Mus. Berlin, I. N. 13129, * Macrocypris inaequalis G. W. Müller, Gauss-Stat, 385 m, D. Südpolar Exp., Gauss, 181 ♀, 2.03 ’ and bearing Maddocks’ (1990) specimen number ‘ 1939 ♀, Paralectotype’. Soft parts and valves of 1 A M on a glass slide labelled ‘ Zool. Mus. Berlin, I. N. 13129, * Macrocypris inaequalis G. W. Müller, Gauss-Stat, 385 m, D. Südpolar Exp., Gauss, 181 ♂, 2.03 ’ and bearing Maddocks’ (1990) specimen number ‘ 1941 ♂, Paralectotype’. Additional material: 5 A F (SNB 0057, 0706 - 0708), 11 A M (SNB 0043, 0703 - 0705), 8 A, 2 (A- 1), 1 RLV, 1 LV, EASIZ II, # 171. ZMH K- 40816; 1 A M (SNB 0702), EASIZ II, # 310, ZMH K- 40817. Distribution (Fig. 34): Recent. Davis, Weddell, and Scotia Seas, 186 – 426 m. Right valve measurements (Fig. 34): A F L 1.97 – 2.16 mm, H 0.72 – 0.87 mm; A M L 2.00 – 2.13 mm, H 0.76 – 0.88 mm; (A- 1) L 1.62 – 1.70 mm, H 0.60 – 0.64 mm. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1 (0 / 0), 2 (0 /. 2) + 3 (. 1 /. 1), 4 (. 1 /. 1), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (0 /. 1: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 0 - 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 /. 6.4), 4 [female (. 1 r. /. 1 r. 1 c, 2)] [male (. 1 r. /. 1 r. 1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 / 1 c, 1: 4 c, 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 2 - 3). Mandible 1 (. 1 / 0: 5 t, + 8), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (1 r, 7), 3 (0 /. 4: 3 - 4), 4 (. 3 - 4.2 /. 2 - 4), 5 (0. / 0: 1 - 3 c, 2 - 3). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2 strahlen, + 20), palp 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (. 4 - 5 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 6). Appendage V 1 (0 / 0: 1.0 - 1.0 - 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 7 - 10), [female 2 (0 / 0), 3 (0 / 0), 4 (0 /. 1), 5 (. 1. / 0: 1 c, 1)] [male 2 (. 1 r / 2 mod, 1: 1 r), 3 (0 / 0: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (. 1 - 2. / 0), 2 (. 2.1. /. 1), 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 1,1 r / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (0 / 0: 0 - 1), 2 (. 1.1.1 /. 1.), 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 mod). Furca (0 / 0: 1,2 r).	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFDBEB6A3B5DFA043AFAFF21.taxon	description	(FIGS 34, 37 A – C, 37 H – J, 38 A – C, 38 H – J, 39 D, 39 H, 40 A – G, 41 A – C, 41 Z, 64 G – H) 1979 Macrocyprina sp. nov. 7, Maddocks, 1979, pl. 2.11. 1990? in part Macroscapha inaequata Maddocks, 1990: 99 – 100. Numerous figures and plates.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFDBEB6A3B5DFA043AFAFF21.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 61 live specimens. 2 A F (SNB 0054), 6 A M (SNB 0021, 0034, 0052, 0053), 1 A, 1 (A- 1), EASIZ II, # 48 - 107, ZMH K- 40819; 1 A F (SNB 0752), EASIZ II, # 316, ZMH K- 40821; 1 A M (SNB 0753), EASIZ II, # 323, ZMH K- 40822; 17 A F, 13 A M (SNB 0099 - DNA 2, SNB 0100 - DNA 12, SNB 0580 - DNA 287, SNB 0581 - DNA 288, SNB 0582 - DNA 289), six juveniles, three live specimens (SNB 0098 - DNA 1, SNB 0778 - 0784), ANDEEP III, 74 - 6 - E; 5 A F, 5 A M (SNB 0575 - 0579 - DNA 283 - 286), ANDEEP II, # 74 - 6 - S, ZMH K- 41487. Distribution (Fig. 34): Recent. Atlantic Sector of the SO, 311 - 2452 m. Right valve measurements (Fig. 34): A F L 1.80 – 1.94 mm, H 0.70 – 0.79 mm; A M L 1.80 – 1.90 mm, H 0.71 – 0.76 mm; (A- 1) L 1.48 – 1.56 mm, H 0.56 – 0.61 mm. Remarks: Considering the material studied herein, the hemipenis of the only adult male of Mh. inaequata collected from the continental slope (no. 323) presents a more sinuous posterior margin (Fig. 40 A – D) than that of specimens collected on the shelf, which present a subhemispherical outline (Fig. 40 E). Variation in hemipenis outline and in the copulatory process (bilobated versus elongated) can also be observed amongst previously studied specimens (Maddocks, 1990: pl. 92. 3, 92.7). Additionally, the only abyssal record of Mh. inaequata (collected from the Pacific Sector of the SO) involves a teratological specimen of considerably larger size (~ 2.3 mm) and more rectilinear outline than the other specimens (Maddocks, 1990: 100, graph 47); this record is therefore not considered herein. Consequently, similar to Mk. glacierae and Mh. opaca, I think that Mh. inaequata is most probably a group of closely related species, instead of one species with such a large morphological variation, geographical and bathymetrical distribution. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1 (0 / 0), 2 (0 /. 2) + 3 (. 1 /. 1), 4 (. 1 /. 1), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (0 /. 0 - 1: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 /. 5 - 6.4), 4 [female (. 1 r. /. 1 r. 1 c, 2)] [male (. 1 r. /. 1 r. 1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 / 1 c, 1: 3 - 4 c, 1 - 2), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 2 - 3). Mandible 1 (. 1 / 0: 5 - 6 t, + 8), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (1 r, 5 - 7), 3 (0 /. 4: - 4), 4 (. 3.2 /. 4), 5 (0. / 0: 2 - 3 c, 2 - 3). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2 strahlen, + 16), palp 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (. 4 - 5 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 6). Appendage V 1 (0 / 0: 1 - 2.0 - 1.1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 7 - 10), [female 2 (0 / 0), 3 (0 / 0), 4 (0 /. 1), 5 (. 1. / 0: 1 c, 1)] [male 2 (0 / 2 mod, 1: 1 r), 3 (0 / 0: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (. 1 - 2. / 0), 2 (. 2.1. /. 1), 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 1,1 r / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (. 1.1.1 /. 1.), 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 mod). Furca (0 / 0: 1,4 r). MACROSCAPHA WALTERAE SP. NOV. (FIGS 34, 37 K – M, 38 K – M, 39 E – G, 39 J – K, 39 P – Q, 40 H – P, 41 D – I, 412, 42, 64 A, 64 I – J) Etymology: In honour of Renate Walter (University of Hamburg) for her valuable technical assistance for three generations of ostracodologists. Material: 43 live specimens plus 43 valves. Holotype: 1 A M (SNB 0745) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), ANDEEP II, # 132 - 2 - S, ZMH K- 41484. Paratypes: 6 A F (SNB 0047, 0048), 9 A M (SNB 0051, 0748, 0749, 0750, 0751), 6 (A- 1), EASIZ II, # 89, ZMH K- 40818; 2 A F, 3 (A- 1), 6 RV, 7 LV, 5 RLV, 4 V, ANDEEP II, # 132 - 2 - S, ZMH K- 41486; 1 A M (SNB 0574), 7 RV, 5 LV, 2 RLV, ANDEEP II, # 133 - 3, ZMH K- 41481; 1 A M (SNB 0119 - DNA 22) ANDEEP III, # 121 - 7, ZMH K- 41480; 3 A F (SNB 0421 - DNA 128, SNB 0462 - DNA 169, SNB 0611 - DNA 318), 3 A M (SNB 0419 - DNA 126, SNB 0422 - DNA 129, SNB 0746), 4 (A- 1) (SNB 0420 - DNA 127, SNB 0612 - DNA 319, SNB 0613 - DNA 320), three live specimens (SNB 0799, 0800), ANDEEP III, # 133 - 2, ZMH K- 41485. Distribution (Fig. 34): Recent. Weddell Sea, 1123 – 2666 m. Valve measurements (Fig. 34): Holotype, RV L 2.01 mm, H 0.80 mm; LV L 1.96 mm, H 0.80 mm. Paratypes, A L 1.90 – 2.16 mm, H 0.76 – 0.88 mm; (A – 1) L 1.60 – 1.72 mm, H 0.62 – 0.68 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace fairly large (for the genus); lateral outline subhemispherical to subtriangular with faint dorsal angle; posterior margin rounded. Female appendage V with one short and three medium-sized, terminal setae, medial and ventral ones subequal in length and thickness. Male appendage V very asymmetrical; terminal podomere strongly sclerotized, and pointed at 90 ° in right appendage, but smoothly curved in left one. Furca very asymmetrical. Hemipenis · subhemispherical to elongated, strongly sclerotized, with V-shaped copulatory process, maximum height posterior to mid-length. Zenker’s organ with very thin, weakly sclerotized central tube and very large terminal bulb; vas deferens arranged as several loops as long as the Zenker’s organ’s central tube. Description: Carapace fairly large (for the genus), lateral outline subhemispherical to subtriangular, with faint dorsal angle; posterior margin obtusely rounded; ventral margin fairly straight, anterior margin protruded and narrowly rounded. Vestibules medium-sized, zone of concrescence thin, except by the medium-sized anteroventral region; radial pore canals mostly straight, very few slightly ramified. RV always larger than and overlapping LV. Podomere IV of antenna I and podomere II of antenna II elongated. Mandible with one conical plus four tricuspidate teeth. Female appendage V with podomere II (= palp podomere I) more than two times longer than podomere III; podomere V with one medial and one ventral, subequal, medium-sized setae, dorsal seta short. Male appendage V strongly asymmetrical, podomere I (basis) with long setae; right appendage with podomere II bearing one long and one short modified setae (= pegs) plus one short seta, and podomere III strongly sclerotized and pointed at 90 °; left appendage with podomere II bearing two short modified setae (= pegs) plus one short seta, and podomere III smoothly curved. Podomere II of appendage VI with three long, dorsal setae; podomere VI with one long claw, one medium-sized seta, and one short seta. Reflexed seta of appendage VII long. Furca very asymmetrical, shorter ramus three-quarters as long as longer ramus, suture between rods and terminal setae conspicuous. Hemipenis subhemispherical to elongated, strongly sclerotized; maximum height posterior to mid-length; copulatory process V-shaped. Zenker’s organ with very thin, weakly sclerotized, central tube and very large terminal bulb; vas deferens arranged as several loops as long as the Zenker’s organ’s central tube. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 / 6.4), 4 [female (. 2. /. 2.1 c, 3)] [male (. 1 r. /. 2 r. 1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 /. 1 c, 1: 4 c, 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 2). Mandible 1 (0 / 5 t, + 5.1.), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 1 r, 7), 3 (0 /. 4 - 5: 3 - 4), 4 (. 4 - 5 / 4), 5 (0 / 0: 3 c, 3). Maxilla I vibratory plate (2 re, 19), palp 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (. 4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 6). Appendage V 1 (0 /. 2.1.1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 3.4 - 7), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1) 5 (. 1. / 0: 1,1)]; [male 2 (0 / 2 mod, 1: 0 - 1 r), 3 (0 /. 1 r: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (. 1 - 2 / 0), 2 (. 2.1 /. 1), 3 (. 1 /. 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (1,1 r / 0) 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (. 1.1.1 / 1) 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 re). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 3 - 4 r. 1). Remarks: Genetic distances (marker COI, model of evolution HKY 85) amongst specimens of the same station (no. 133 - 2, average 0.0008) are considerably larger than genetic distances between specimens of different stations – nos 133 - 2 and 121 - 11, average 0.0090. Such a picture indicates that the depth or any factor related to it (e. g. water masses) plays an important role in hindering genetic flux. This finding is in accord with Dingle et al. (1990), who found relationships between Atlantic deep-sea ostracod distribution and water masses. Similarly, genetic distances between specimens of Mh. walterae (Weddell Sea) and Macroscapha sp. aff. Mh. walterae (from the Scotia Sea, see below) are even greater (0.055). The valve lateral outline of Mh. walterae sp. nov. is very similar to Mh. inaequata, but the former species is larger (Figs 34, 37, 38) and displays a more elongated hemipenis, with a shovel-shaped (instead of rod-shaped) copulatory process. Concerning the lateral outline of the valves (1) Macroscapha atlantica, Mh. heroica, Mh. jiangi, Mh. sinuata, and Mh. turbida, have more sinuous outlines than Mh. walterae; (2) Mh. gyreae, Mh. inaequalis, Mh. rehmi, and Mh. tensa are more elongated, less high in relation to length; (3) Mh. scotia is more subtriangular, higher in relation to length; (4) Mh. opaca presents a more acute posterior angle; (5) Mh. marchilensis is similar in valve outline to Mh. walterae but the Zenker’s organ of the former species presents a medium-sized (instead of very large) terminal bulb.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFA9EB6638E3FF1C3CBCFBCD.taxon	description	1986 non Macrocyprina tensa, Hartmann, 1986: 173 – 174. 1987 non Macrocyprina tensa, Hartmann, 1987: 132. 1988 non Macrocyprina tensa, Hartmann, 1988: 149, fig. 10. 1989 non Macrocyprina tensa, Hartmann, 1989 a: 220; Hartmann 1989 b: 253. 1990 non Macrocyprina tensa, Hartmann, 1990: 212. 1990 in part Macroscapha tensa, Maddocks, 1990: 103 – 105, graph 51 (in part). 1992 non Macroscapha cf. tensa, Hartmann, 1992: 216. 1997 in part Macroscapha tensa, Hartmann, 1997: 249 – 251. Material: No specimens could be studied because the only type specimen of Mh. tensa (one adult female carapace with fragmented soft parts), designated lectotype by Maddocks (1990: 104), is lost (personal communication of the curator of the Crustacea Division of the Museum für Naturkunde of the Humboldt University, Berlin). Furthermore, some of the specimens previously recorded as Mh. tensa were re-studied herein but included in different species (see below). Distribution (Fig. 43): Recent. Davis Sea (Gauss station, 65 ° S, 90 ° E), 385 m. Other records are herein considered misidentifications (see below). Valve measurements (Fig. 45) (from Maddocks, 1990: 104): LV L 2.42 mm, H 0.96 mm; RV L 2.42 mm, H 0.91 mm. Remarks: Müller (1908) described ‘ Macrocypris tensa ’ based on a single carapace with fragmented, female soft parts and provided two drawings – one valve in lateral view and the furca (Müller, 1908: pl. 12.8, 12.9). The record of ‘ Macrocyprina tensa ’ by Hartmann (1986: 173, figs 87 – 89, pls. V. 7 - 9, VI. 1 - 2) from the Scotia Sea (off Western Antarctic Peninsula) was based on specimens with more acute posterior angle (as noted by the author himself), and also more elongate and rectilinear outline. Furthermore, the specimens from the Scotia Sea (Hartmann, 1986: figs 87 – 89) bear ramified radial pore canals, which Hartmann considered characteristic of ‘ Macrocyprina tensa ’, even though the pore canals were not illustrated by Müller. With this record, Hartmann (1986) introduced a ‘ new concept’ of Mh. tensa, including specimens with a wide range of valve outlines, which was followed by him (Hartmann, 1987, 1988, 1989 a, b, 1990, 1991) and also by Maddocks (1990). After I re-studied part of the material previously recorded as Mh. tensa, I conclude that Hartmann’s ‘ concept’ of Mh. tensa includes at least five different species (see Remarks above), but which most probably excludes the ‘ real’ Mh. tensa (= from the type locality). In her revision of the family Macrocyprididae, Maddocks (1990) transferred M. tensa to the genus Macroscapha, designated the single female syntype as the lectotype and provided one line drawing for each valve of this specimen (Maddocks, 1990: figs 14.7, 15.7). Maddocks (1990) stated that part of the material recorded by Hartmann (1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1992) as Mh. tensa probably belonged to the closely related species Mh. opaca Maddocks, 1990. Maddocks also included in Mh. tensa 20 other specimens (studied by herself) collected from the continental shelf of the Weddell and Scotia Seas and from one abyssal locality off the southern tip of South America (in this last station only one female was collected). By the beginning of the 1990 s then, the concept of Mh. tensa included very wide variability in size (adult length ranging from 1.44 to 2.50 mm!; Fig. 46) and valve outline, and its geographical and bathymetrical distribution was circumantarctic (Antarctic and Subantarctic regions) and eurybathic (from the continental shelf to abyssal depths). In this way, departing from the initial lack of information on the species ‘ Macrocypris tensa ’ considerable confusion was generated, which made its concept even less clear and stable. As a result of that, and because of the insignificant information available about the morphology of topotype specimens, I consider Mh. tensa a nomen dubium until a neotype is designated. It should be noted that several Macroscapha species with rectilinear, elongated outlines (at least the eight species herein included in the informal group Mh. tensaopaca) inhabit the SO. It is significant that, as noted by Jellinek & Swanson (2003), close macrocypridid species can only be identified with certainty if the soft parts are available. I go further and state that the correct identification of species of the informal group ‘ Mh. tensa-opaca ’ depends on the observation of the copulatory process of the hemipenis. Consequently, to avoid even more uncertainties and in order to ascertain that the name Mh. tensa will be kept for the same species as Müller described, I suggest that the neotype of Mh. tensa should preferably be a male collected as close as possible to the type locality – ‘ Gauss-Station’ – in the Davis Sea at 385 m depth. MACROSCAPHA CACTUS SP. NOV. (FIGS 43, 44 A, 45 A, 47 A – C, 47 P, 48 A – C, 49 A – B, 50, 51 A, 52 E – F, 52.2) Etymology: As a result of the resemblance of the terminal element of the copulatory process of the hemipenis (Fig. 44 A) to a cactus (name used in apposition). Material: 10 live specimens. Holotype: 1 A M (SNB 0041), EASIZ II, # 171, ZMH K- 41483. Paratypes: 2 A F, 4 A M (SNB 0042, 0764 - 0766), 2 (A- 1), 1 (A- 3?), EASIZ II, # 171, ZMH K- 40824. Distribution (Fig. 43): Eastern Weddell Sea, 231 m. Left valve measurements (Fig. 45 A): Holotype, RV L 2.16 mm, H 0.76 mm; LV L 2.18 mm, H 0.78 mm. A F L 2.16 – 2.17 mm, H 0.81 – 0.82 mm; A M L 2.05 – 2.31 mm, H 0.76 – 0.82 mm; (A – 1) L 1.74 – 1.79 mm, H 0.64 – 0.65 mm; (A –? 3) L 1.04 mm, H 0.40 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace quite large (for the genus); lateral outline subtrapezoidal, rectilinear; anterior and posterior margins narrowly rounded. In all specimens studied herein, LV larger than, and overlapping RV anterodorsally, posterodorsally and ventrally. Podomere V of female appendage V (= palp podomere IV) with short and thick, terminal claws, dorsal one shortest, medial one longest. Furca with symmetrical rods. Hemipenis subtrapezoidal in outline; copulatory process trisegmented, with ‘ cactus’ - shaped terminal element. Zenker’s organ with thin central, sclerotized tube, terminal bulb medium-sized; vas deferens arranged in few loops, shorter than central tube. Description: Carapace quite large (for the genus); lateral outline subtrapezoidal, rectilinear; anterior and posterior margin narrowly rounded; dorsal angle conspicuous; ventral margin fairly straight. Zone of concrescence mostly medium sized, but fairly wide anteroventrally; radial pore canals mostly straight, but also few ramified; calcified inner lamella wide, vestibules fairly closed. In all specimens LV larger than, and overlapping RV anterodorsally, posterodorsally and ventrally. Antennae I and II with slender podomeres and setae. Podomeres II and III of antenna I fused, no suture visible. Length of podomere IV of antenna II approximately two times length of podomere III. Base of mandible with one conical plus four or five tricuspidate teeth-like setae; exopodite with one reduced plus six or seven medium-sized setae. Vibratory plate of maxilla I with two strahlen plus around 16 feathered setae. Exopodite of appendage V with three proximal and seven distal setae; podomere V of female appendage V (= palp podomere IV) with short and thick, terminal claws, dorsal one shortest, medial one longest. Male appendage V very asymmetrical, right appendage with one very long and thick modified seta (= peg), plus one short, modified seta (= peg) and one short, simple seta on podomere II (palp podomere I); podomere III smoothly curved; left appendage with two short, modified setae (= pegs), and one short, simple seta on podomere II (palp podomere I); podomere III pointed at 90 °. Podomere II of appendage VI with three long setae; podomere VI with one long and one medium-sized claw, and one short seta. Furca with symmetrical, barbed rods, and short, thick, distal setae fused to rod. Hemipenis subtrapezoidal in outline; copulatory process trisegmented, proximal element thick, robust, rod-shaped; weakly sclerotized, irregularly shaped medium element; and ‘ cactus’ - shaped terminal element. Zenker’s organ with thin central, sclerotized tube, terminal bulb medium-sized; vas deferens arranged in few loops, shorter than central tube. Genital lobes suboval. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), + 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (0 /: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 /. 6.4), 4 [female (. 1 r. /. 1 r. 1 c, 3)] [male (. 1 r. /. 1 r. 1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 /. 1 c, 1: 4 c, 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 3). Mandible 1 (. 1. / 4 t, + 5.), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 1 r, 7), 3 (0 /. 4: 4), 4 (. 3.2 /. 4), 5 (0 / 0: 3 c, 2). Maxilla I vibratory plate (3 re, + 17), palp 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (. 4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 5 - 6). Appendage V 1 (0 /. 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 3.7), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1) 5 (. 1. / 0: 1 c, 1)]; [male 2 (. 1 r / 2 mod, 1), 3 (0 / 0: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (. 2 / 0), 2 (. 2.1 /. 1), 3 (. 1 /. 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (1,1 r / 0) 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (. 1.1.1 / 1) 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 re). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 3 r. 1). Remarks: The valve lateral outline of Mh. cactus sp. nov. differs from other previously described Macroscapha species in: (1) it is more subtriangular and rectilinear than Mh. atlantica, Mh. gyreae Mh. heroica, Mh. jiangi, Mh. inaequalis, Mh. inaequata, Mh. marchilensis, Mh. opaca, Mh. sinuata, Mh. rehmi sp. nov., Mh. scotia sp. nov., Mh. turbida, and Mh. walterae sp. nov.; (2) it presents a more narrowly rounded anterior margin and more acutely pointed posterior margin than Mh. tensa (based on drawings of the lost lectotype (Maddocks, 1990: figs 14.2, 15.2). MACROSCAPHA FALCIS SP. NOV. (FIGS 43, 44 B, 45 B, 47 D – F, 47 Q, 48 D – F, 49 C – D, 49 G – H, 49 Q, 51 B – E, 52 A – D, 52.1) Etymology: From the Latin, falcis = hook (name used in apposition) because of the hook-shaped copulatory process of the hemipenis (Fig. 44 B). Material: 90 live specimens plus 14 valves. Holotype: 1 A F (SNB 0854) (soft parts in glass slide, valves in micropalaeontological slide), ANDEEP III, # 74 - 6 - S, ZMH K- 41497. Paratypes: 15 A F (SNB 0852 - 0853), 35 A M (SNB 0100 - DNA 3, SNB 0102 - 0104 - DNA 5 - 7, SNB 0108 - DNA 11, SNB 0464 - 0477 - DNA 171 - 184, SNB 0483 - 0494 - DNA 190 - 201) 23 (A- 1), 2 (A- 2), nine live specimens (SNB 0810 - 0819), 5 RV, 5 LV, 2 RLV, ANDEEP III, # 74 - 6 - E; 1 A F, 4 (A- 1), ANDEEP III, # 74 - 6 - S, ZMH K- 41496. Distribution (Fig. 43): Recent. Eastern Weddell Sea, 1040 – 1048 m. Valve measurements (Fig. 45 B): Holotype, RV L 2.28 mm, H 0.84 mm; LV L 2.30 mm, H 0.86 mm. Paratypes, A F LV 2.29 – 2.34 mm, H 0.83 – 0.87 mm; A M LV 2.32 – 2.48 mm, H 0.80 – 0.87 mm; (A – 1) LV 1.75 – 1.92 mm, H 0.62 – 0.70 mm; (A – 2) LV L 1.40 – 1.42 mm, 0.50 – 0.51 mm. Diagnosis: Carapace large (for the genus); lateral outline subtrapezoidal, slightly sinuous, rectilinear; anterior and posterior margins narrowly rounded. In all specimens studied herein, LV larger than, and overlapping, RV anterodorsally, posterodorsally, and ventrally. Podomere V of female appendage V (= palp podomere IV) with short and thick, terminal claws, dorsal one shortest, medial one longest. Furca with symmetrical rods. Hemipenis very high in relation to length in lateral outline; copulatory process trisegmented, with hook-shaped terminal element; distal tip of posterior ramus of hook sinuous. Zenker’s organ with robust central tube and medium-sized terminal bulb; vas deferens arranged in few loops, which are shorter than the length of the chitinous tube. Description: Carapace large (for the genus); lateral outline subtrapezoidal, slightly sinuous, rectilinear; dorsal angle quite conspicuous; posterodorsal margin of LV conspicuously sinuous; posterior angle acute in RV, more obliquely rounded in LV; ventral margin › Figure 52. Hemipenis of the species of the informal group ‘ Macroscapha tensa-opaca’. Macroscapha falcis sp. nov.: A, paratype adult male (SNB 0469 - DNA 176); B, paratype adult male (SNB 0464 - DNA 171); C, paratype adult male (SNB 0104 - DNA 7); D, paratype adult male (SNB 0468 - DNA 175); 1, paratype adult male (SNB 0102 - DNA 5, ZMH K- 41496). Macroscapha cactus sp. nov.: E, holotype adult male (SNB 0041, ZMH K- 41483); F, 2, paratype adult male (SNB 0765, ZMH K- 40824). Macroscapha solecavai sp. nov.: G, paratype adult male (SNB 0562 - DNA 269); H, paratype adult male (SNB 0560 - DNA 267); J, paratype adult male (SNB 0561 - DNA 268); K, paratype adult male (SNB 0563 - DNA 271, ZMH K- 41499); I, 3, paratype adult male (SNB 0511 - DNA 218, ZMH K- 41498). Macroscapha sp. nov. 1: L, 4, adult male (SNB 0859, ZMH K- 33305). M, adult male (ZMH K- 33193 a). Macroscapha opaca Maddocks, 1990: N, adult male (SNB 0754, ZMH K- 41382); O, adult male (SNB 0045, ZMH K- 40825); P, adult male (SNB 0039, ZMH K- 40828); Q, adult male (SNB 0495 - DNA 202, ZMH K- 42018); R, adult male (SNB 0558 - DNA 265, ZMH K- 41333); S, adult male (SNB 0673 - DNA 351, ZMH K- 41495); T, adult male (SNB 0760, ZMH K- 40833); U, adult male (SNB 0033, ZMH K- 40831); V, adult male (SNB 0117 - DNA 20, ZMH K- 41331); W, adult male (SNB 0378 - DNA 111); X, adult male (SNB 0380 - DNA 113); Y, adult male (SNB 0381 - DNA 114), (ZMH K- 41490); 5, adult male (SNB 0533 - DNA 240, ZMH K- 41492). A – Y, hemipenis; 1 – 5, copulatory rod of hemipenis. Scale bars = 100 Mm. slightly sinuous; anterior margin narrowly rounded. Vestibules wide; zone of concrescence fairly narrow; radial pore canals straight. In all specimens studied herein, LV larger than, and overlapping, RV anterodorsally, posterodorsally, and ventrally. Females higher in relation to length than males. Antennae I and II with slender podomeres and setae. Podomeres II and III of antenna I fused, no suture visible. Length of podomere IV of antenna II less than two times length of podomere III. Exopodite of mandible with one reduced and seven medium-sized setae. Vibratory plate of Maxilla I with one short and two long strahlen plus around 15 feathered setae, basal endite with two ventral setae; other endites without basal setae. Exopodite of appendage V with three proximal setae and seven distal setae; podomere V of female appendage V (= palp podomere IV) with short and thick terminal claws, dorsal one shortest, medial and dorsal ones long, subequal. Male appendage V very asymmetrical, right appendage with one very long, and thick modified seta (= peg), plus one short, modified seta (= peg), and one short, simple seta on podomere II (palp podomere I); podomere III smoothly curved; left appendage with two short, modified setae (= pegs), and one short, simple seta on podomere II (palp podomere I); podomere III pointed at 90 °. Podomere VI of appendage VI with one very short and one short setae, and one long claw. Furca with barbed, symmetrical, with thick rods; terminal setae thick and short; slight suture between terminal setae and rods. Hemipenis very high in relation to length and strongly curved; copulatory process trisegmented, proximal element thick, robust, rodshaped; weakly sclerotized, large, irregularly shaped medium element; and a hook-shaped terminal element, distal tip of posterior ramus of hook sinuous. Zenker’s organ with robust central tube and medium-sized terminal bulb; vas deferens arranged in few loops, which are shorter than the length of the chitinous tube. Adult chaetotaxy: Antenna I 1, 2 (0 /. 2), + 3 (. 1 /. 1.), 4 (. 1 /. 1.), 5 (. 1 /. 1), 6 (. 2 /. 3), 7 (0 / 0: 4). Antenna II 1 (. 1 /: 1), 2 (0 / 0: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 2,1 r), 3 (0 /. 6.4), 4 [female (. 2 r. /. 2 r. 1 c, 2)] [male (. 1 r. /. 1 r. 1 c, 2 mod, 1)], 5 (0 /. 1 c, 1: 4 c, 1), 6 (0 / 0: 2 c, 2). Mandible 1 (. 1. / 4 t, + 5.), 2 (0 /. 2: 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 1 r, 7), 3 (0 /. 4: 4), 4 (. 3.2 /. 4), 5 (0 / 0: 3 c, 3). Maxilla I vibratory plate (3 re, + 16), palp 1 (. 1 / 0), 2 (. 4 / 0), 3 (0 / 0: 6). Appendage V 1 (0 /. 1: 0 - 1), Exopodite (0 / 0: 3.7), [female 2, 3, 4 (0 /. 1) 5 (. 1. / 0: 1 c, 1)]; [male 2 (. 1 r / 2 mod, 1), 3 (0 / 0: 1 mod)]. Appendage VI 1 (. 2 / 0), 2 (. 2.1 /. 1), 3 (. 1 /. 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (1,1 r / 0) 6 (0 / 0: 1,2 c). Appendage VII 1 (0 / 0: 1), 2 (. 1.1.1 / 1) 3 (. 1 / 0), 4 (. 1 / 0), 5 (. 2 / 0), 6 (0 / 0: 2,1 re). Furca 1 (0 / 0: 3 r. 1). Remarks: Macroscapha falcis sp. nov. (from the eastern Weddell Basin) is very similar to, Mh. solecavai sp. nov. (from the Powell Basin and described below). Otherwise, genetic (S. N. Brandão & I. Schön, unpubl. data) and morphological differences justify the description of both new species. Macroscapha solecavai is smaller (adult LV length from 2.10 to 2.24 mm), more rectilinear in valve outline, and has a more acute posterior angle than Mh. falcis (adult length 2.30 to 2.40 mm) (Figs 47, 48). Furthermore, the hemipenis of the former species is higher in relation to length, and shows a more sinuous distal tip of the posterior ramus of the hook-shaped copulatory process (Figs 44 B – C, 52 A – D, 52 G – K). The valve lateral outline of Mh. falcis sp. nov. diverges from other previously described Macroscapha species in: (1) it is more subtriangular and rectilinear than Mh. atlantica, Mh. gyreae Mh. heroica, Mh. jiangi, Mh. inaequalis, Mh. inaequata, Mh. marchilensis, Mh. opaca, Mh. sinuata, Mh. rehmi sp. nov., Mh. scotia sp. nov., Mh. turbida, and Mh. walterae sp. nov.; (2) more narrowly rounded anterior margin and more acutely pointed posterior margin than Mh. tensa (based on drawings of the lost lectotype; Maddocks, 1990: figs 14.2, 15.2).	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FFB4EB7238FCFB803B6FFAE0.taxon	materials_examined	Material: 5 live specimens. 1 A F, 4 juveniles were contained in a glass with glycerine, labelled ‘ K- 33786 a. Macrocyprina tensa, Süd-Georgien, WH 68 / 1, Stat. 79, l. Mü-Sie, 10.2.1985, d. Hartmann, 1988, 1 ♀, L. ’. ZMH K- 33786 a. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1989 a). 4 RV, 2 LV, were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 33786 b. Macrocyprina tensa, Süd-Georgien, WH 68 / 1, Stat. 79, l. Mü-Sie, 10.2.1985, d. Hartmann, 1988 ’ ZMH K- 33786 b. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1989 a). This specimen is herein illustrated in Figure 47 K. Distribution (Fig. 43): Northern Scotia Sea, off South Georgia, 145 - 357 m. Valve measurements (Fig. 45): A LV L 1.86 mm, H 0.71 mm; (A-? 2) LV L 1.16 – 1.25 mm, H 0.44 – 0.48 mm; (A –? 2) RV L 1.17 – 1.26 mm, H 0.44 – 0.50 mm; (A –? 3) RV L 0.84 mm, H 0.25 mm. Remarks: The lateral LV outline of the? adult female collected off South Georgia (ZMH K- 33786, Fig. 47 K) is similar to but presents a more arched dorsal margin than valves of Macroscapha sp. nov. 1. Furthermore, the South Georgian specimen is considerably smaller (1.88 mm) than adults of the latter species (length from 2.10 to 2.24 mm). Consequently, if the photographed valve (Fig. 47 K) really belongs to an adult female, it most probably belongs to a different species than Mh. sp. nov. 1. MACROSCAPHA SPP. (FROM THE INFORMAL GROUP ‘ MH. TENSA- OPACA’) (FIGS 47 M – N, 47 Q, 48 M – N, 48 Q) 1989 a in part Macrocyprina tensa, Hartmann, 1989 a: 220 1990 in part Macrocyprina tensa, Hartmann, 1990: 212. Material: 21 live specimens. 1 A F, 2 juveniles (all of them with completely decalcified valves) were contained in a glass with glycerine, labelled ‘ ZMH K- 33785. Macrocyprina tensa, Süd-Georgien, WH 68 / 1, Stat. 19 + 70, l. Mü-Sie, 30.1. / 8.2.1985, d. Hartmann (1988), 2 Expl. ’ These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1989 a). ZMH K- 33785. 1 dissected A F, plus fragmented soft parts of 1 A M, were contained in a glass with glycerine, labelled ‘ ZMH K- 34500. Macrocyprina tensa, Antarktis, Stat. PS Ant VI- 2 (90 / 5), Tiefe 197 – 205 m, rp. Hartmann et al. 2.11.1987, 1 ♀, det. Hartmann (1989) ’. This specimen was studied by Hartmann (1990). ZMH K- 34500. 1 RV, 2 LV, were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ ZMH K- 34500 a. Macrocyprina tensa (G. W. M., 1908), 2 ♀♀, Antarktis, Ant VI- 2, 90 (5), 2.11.1987, d. Hartmann, l. Hartmann u. a. ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1990). ZMH K- 34500 a. These specimens are herein illustrated in Figures 47 M – N and 48 M – N. 2 RV, 2 LV, were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ ZMH K- 34501. Macrocyprina tensa (G. W. M., 1908), 1 ♀, 1 L, Antarktis, Ant VI- 2, 90 (1), 5.11.1987, d. Hartmann, l. Hartmann u. a. ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1990). ZMH K- 34501. 1 dissected A F, 1 specimen with fragmented soft parts, were contained in a glass with glycerine, labelled ‘ ZMH K- 34501. Macrocyprina tensa, Antarktis, Ant VI- 2, 90 (1), Tiefe 197 – 205 m, rp. Hartmann et al. 2.11.87, 1 ♀, 1 L, d. Hartmann (1989) ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1990). ZMH K- 34501. 1 partially dissected live specimen was contained in a glass with glycerine, labelled ‘ K- 35373 a, Macroscapha cf. opaca Maddocks, 1990, Antarktis, Stat. 27, Meteor-Reise, Ant. 11 / 4, le. Keyser, 1.1.90, det. Hartmann, 1 ♀ ’ ZMH K- 35373 a. This specimen was studied by Hartmann (1992). 1 RV, 1 LV (broken), were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 35373 b, Macroscapha cf. opaca, ♀, Meteor Reise, M 11 / 4, St. 27 / 1, l / d. Hartmann’ ZMH K- 35373 b. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1992). 1 A M without hemipenis (SNB 0863, dissected by the present author), 3 A F, 4 juveniles (all with completely decalcified valves) were contained in a glass with glycerine, labelled ‘ ZMH K- 33928, Macrocyprina tensa, Antarktis / Winterreise, Stat. PS 09 / V- 1: 148 (1), det. Leg. Hartmann, 1986, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 5 Larven. ZMH K- 33928. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1989 b). These specimens are herein illustrated in Figures 47 Q and 48 Q. Several dissected specimens (at least 2 A M, 1 A F, and few juveniles) in a glass with glycerine, labelled ‘ K- 33929. Macrocyprina tensa., Antarktis / Winterreise, Stat. PS 09 / V- 1: 140 (2), 141 (3), 142 (2), l / d. Hartmann, 1986, 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 Larven, Schalen’. ZMH K- 33929. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1989 b). 3 RV, 2 LV, were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 33929 A. Macrocyprina tensa., ♂, ♀, L, Antarktis / Winterreise, Stat. PS 09 / V- 1: 140 (2) u. a., l / d. Hartmann, 1986 ’. ZMH K- 33929 A. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1989 b). Remarks: These specimens are left in open nomenclature (1) because of the lack of male soft parts, or (2) because dissected appendages of more than one specimen were mixed in single tubes; and / or (3) because the valves are completely decalcified.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FF89EB4D38E5FB6538B6FC67.taxon	description	(FIGS 59, 62 J – L, 63 J – L)	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
843D87F9FF89EB4D38E5FB6538B6FC67.taxon	etymology	Etymology: For its subhemispherical valves. Material: 41 valves (vials with soft parts of respective specimens were lost). Holotype: 1 RV, 1 LV were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34832 a. Macroscapha cf. tensa, 1 ♀, Antarktis-Stat. II / 493, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34832 a. Paratypes: 2 RV, 2 LV were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34829 a. Macroscapha cf. tensa, 1 ♂, 1 L., Antarktis-Stat. II / 174, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34829 a. 3 RV, 6 LV (plus broken off valves) were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34830 a. Macroscapha cf. tensa, 5 ♀, 1 L., Antarktis Stat. II / 444, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34830 a. These specimens are illustrated in Figures 62 J and 63 J. 1 RV (plus broken valves) were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34833 a. Macroscapha cf. tensa, 3 ♀, Antarktis-Stat. II / 473, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34833 a. 1 LV (plus broken off valves) were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34834 a. Macroscapha cf. tensa, 3 ♀, Antarktis-Stat. II / 81, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34834 a. 2 RV, 2 LV (plus broken off valves) were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34835 a. Macroscapha sp. cf. turbida, ♂, ♀, Antarktis-Stat. II / 487, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34835 a. These specimens are illustrated in Figures 62 K – L and 63 K – L. 4 RV, 4 LV (plus broken off valves) were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34836 a. Macroscapha sp. cf. turbida, 1 ♂, 7 ♀, subad., Antarktis-Stat. II / 515 p. 30, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34836 a. 4 RV, 6 LV (plus broken off valves) were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34842 a. Macroscapha cf. tensa, 3 ♀, 2 subad., Antarktis-Stat. II / 482 p. 29, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34842. 2 RV (plus broken off valves) were contained on a micropalaeontological slide, labelled ‘ K- 34844 a. Macroscapha cf. tensa, Antarktis-Stat. II / 193, Koll. Rauschert, det. Hartmann / 90 ’. These specimens were studied by Hartmann (1991). Upper littoral of King Georg Island; ZMH K- 34845. Distribution (Fig. 59): Recent. King Georg Island, Scotia Sea, upper littoral. Valve measurements (Fig. 59): Holotype, A RV L 1.58 mm, H 0.66 mm; LV L 1.56 mm, H 0.63 mm. Paratypes, A RV L 1.52 – 1.59 mm, H 0.65 – 0.70 mm; A LV L 1.48 – 1.57 mm, H 0.61 – 65 mm; (A- 1) RV L 1.31 – 1.38 mm, H 0.55 – 57 mm; (A- 1) LV L 1.22 – 1.34 mm, H 0.51 – 57 mm. Diagnosis: Valves small (for the genus) and subhemispherical in lateral view; dorsal margin highly and continuously arched; ventral margin fairly straight; anterior and posterior margins smoothly rounded; posterior and dorsal margins reaching each other at angle of 90 ° in RV and 70 ° in LV. In some specimens RV larger than LV, in others LV larger than RV. Zone of concrescence narrow, with straight radial pore canals; except anteroventrally where it is wider with some ramified radial pore canals. Remarks: Macroscapha subhemispherica sp. nov., which occurs in the upper littoral, is clearly smaller and less sinuous in outline than Mh. turbida, Mh. scotia, and Mh. rehmi (Figs 37 D – G, 38 D – G, 62, 63). The latter three species inhabit greater depths (68 – 385 m). Most of the described species of Macroscapha (i. e. Mh. cactus sp. nov., Mh. falcis sp. nov., Mh. gyreae, Mh. inaequalis, Mh. inaequata, Mh. marchilensis, Mh. opaca, Mh. solecavai sp. nov., Mh. walterae sp. nov.) are more elongate, less high in relation to length than Mh. subhemispherica. Additionally, Macroscapha atlantica, Macroscapha heroica, Mh. jiangi, and Mh. sinuata present more sinuous outlines than Mh. subhemispherica.	en	Brandão, Simone N. (2010): Macrocyprididae (Ostracoda) from the Southern Ocean: taxonomic revision, macroecological patterns, and biogeographical implications. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 159 (3): 567-672, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00624.x
