identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8A480A63FFA5FFCC7D949E00FA20F8E6.text	8A480A63FFA5FFCC7D949E00FA20F8E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dna extraction PCR	<div><p>DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and sequencing</p><p>The TreliefTM Plant Genomic DNA Kit (Beijing Qingke Biotech) was used to extract fungal genomic DNA from mycelium, following the steps outlined in its instruction manual. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to amplify the ITS, LSU, and tef1-α regions using the primer pairs and conditions listed in Table 1. The final PCR reaction was prepared in a total volume of 30 µL, containing 15 µL of PCR Master Mix (CoWin Biosciences, Taizhou, China), 11 µL of double-distilled water (ddH₂O), 1 µL each of forward and reverse primers (10 µM), and 2 µL of DNA template. PCR products were visualized using 1% agarose gel electrophoresis and subsequently sent to Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) for Sanger sequencing. The raw sequencing data were processed using SeqMan software version 7.1.0 to manually trim unstable regions at both ends and to assemble the bidirectional sequences.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A480A63FFA5FFCC7D949E00FA20F8E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ding, Peng-Cheng;Madhushan, Asanka;Shami, Ashwag;Alharbi, Nada K.;Liu, Jian-Kui;Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.	Ding, Peng-Cheng, Madhushan, Asanka, Shami, Ashwag, Alharbi, Nada K., Liu, Jian-Kui, Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. (2025): Multi-locus phylogeny and morphology support Phaeocytostroma saprophyticum sp. nov. in Diaporthales. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.1
8A480A63FFA1FFCA7D949DECFD8BFD24.text	8A480A63FFA1FFCA7D949DECFD8BFD24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phaeocytostroma saprophyticum P. C. Ding, Madhushan & Maharachch. 2025	<div><p>Phaeocytostroma saprophyticum P.C. Ding, Madhushan &amp; Maharachch., sp. nov. (FIGURE 3)</p><p>MycoBank: MB 859478</p><p>Etymology: Refers to the saprophytic lifestyle of the fungus</p><p>Asexual morph: Conidiomata 245–995 × 212–424 μm (x̄ = 418 × 259 μm, n = 30) acervular, irregularly discoid in shape, produced singly, black, initially immersed in clypeus, protruding through the host surface unilocular. Conidiomata wall 13–87 μm (x̄ = 32.46 μm, n = 30) thick, composed of irregular brown fish - scale - like tissues. Paraphyses rare, narrow and slender, hyaline, with air bubbles. Conidiogenous cells 10.5–23.4 × 1.1–3.3 μm (x̄ = 14.78 × 2.15 μm, n = 30) tightly aggregated at the base, cylindrical to ampulliform, wider at the base and tapering towards the apex, hyaline. Conidia 6.1–11.9 × 1.4–3.6 μm (x̄ = 9.71 × 2.54 μm, n = 50) are elongated - circular, grey, with a thick and dark - black wall, and contain guttules, black spore masses are copious, strongly erumpent, forming large, hard globular masses over the line of dehiscence, rarely spreading. Sexual morph: Not observed</p><p>Colony characteristics: Conidia germinate on the PDA in 48 h at 24°C. Colonies on PDA reached 41cm diam. after 15 days at 24 °C, surface effuse, sparse, entire edge, circular, sparse periphery, dark brown in surface, dark brown to black in reverse.</p><p>Materials examined: China, Sichuan Province, Mianyang City, Jiangyou County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=31.913204&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=104.77111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 31.913204/lat 104.77111)">Wu Du Town</a>, 104.771110 N, 31.913205 E, 20 November 2024, P.C. Ding (HKAS 148724, holotype; isotype HUEST 25.0053), ex type CGMCC 3.28974 = UESTCC 25.0114 .</p><p>Notes: In the multi-gene phylogenetic tree (FIGURE 2), Phaeocytostroma saprophyticum forms a distinct clade and is phylogenetically closest to strains putatively labelled “ Phaeocytostroma sacchari ” (UMICH-1, km-1, CBS 275.34, and 135) and Pseudophaeocytostroma bambusicola (JM 2022a BN14, and JM 2022a BN17). Phaeocytostroma sacchari was originally described based on morphological features (Sutton et al. 1964), However, its sequence data was first provided by Lamprecht et al. (2011) from a strain (CBS 275.34) isolated in Japan. However, that strain lacks host information and was not accompanied by a morphological description. Therefore, its identity remains uncertain, and further studies incorporating both morphology and molecular data are needed to resolve the taxonomy and variation within this species. Monkai et al. (2022) found that there were no significant differences in the morphological characteristics between the newly introduced Pseudophaeocytostroma and the genus Phaeocytostroma . Therefore, they introduced it based on the fact that Pseudophaeocytostroma clustered with Pustulomyces in their phylogenetic analysis, and with strong evidence of phylogenetic incongruence with other related genera (viz. Phaeocytostroma, Pustulomyces, Massariothea and Stenocarpella). Furthermore, due to the unavailability of the type strain of P. sacchari, the strains CBS 275.34, km-1, UMICH-1 and 135 of P. sacchari were identified as “ Phaeocytostroma sacchari ”. Therefore, the genus Pseudophaeocytostroma was introduced as a new genus in the family Diaporthaceae . In our study, ITS sequence data suggest a relationship to these strains, the LSU and tef1-α trees place P. saprophyticum closer to Pse. Bambusicola (FIGURE 1a–c), indicating topological incongruence among loci. Morphologically, P. saprophyticum resembles both type descriptions of P. sacchari and Pse. bambusicola, with brown, aseptate, ellipsoidal conidia. However, it differs by having more slender and shorter conidia (1.5–3.7 μm wide × 6.2–11.9 μm long), compared to P. sacchari (3–5 μm × 11–14.5 μm) and Pse. bambusicola (3–4.5 μm × 9–13 μm). In P. saprophyticum, conidia fill the entire locule. Additionally, P. saprophyticum has sparse paraphyses, in contrast to the abundant paraphyses seen in P. sacchari and Pse. bambusicola (Sutton 1964, 1981). Its conidiomata are smaller (418.4 × 259.5 μm) than those of P. sacchari (650 × 350 μm) and Pse. bambusicola (250–704 × 89–420 μm). The ITS sequences of strain P. saprophyticum show a 97% similarity to those of Pse. bambusicola, with 561 of 576 bases, with 4 gaps. The tef1-α sequence of strain P. saprophyticum shows a 91% similarity to those of Pse. bambusicola, with 269 of 293 bases, with 4 gaps. Together, these phylogenetic and morphological differences support the recognition of our collection as a novel species. However, it is evident that the genus Phaeocytostroma is polyphyletic, or that the gene regions used are incongruent, as supported by our single-gene analyses (FIGURE 1a–c), where other species assigned to Phaeocytostroma also cluster in different parts of the tree. This raises the question of whether those species should also be segregated into new genera, as was done for Pseudophaeocytostroma . To avoid further taxonomic confusion in the absence of clear morphological and molecular boundaries, we prefer to treat our species under Phaeocytostroma rather than introducing it under Pseudophaeocytostroma at this stage.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8A480A63FFA1FFCA7D949DECFD8BFD24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ding, Peng-Cheng;Madhushan, Asanka;Shami, Ashwag;Alharbi, Nada K.;Liu, Jian-Kui;Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N.	Ding, Peng-Cheng, Madhushan, Asanka, Shami, Ashwag, Alharbi, Nada K., Liu, Jian-Kui, Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. (2025): Multi-locus phylogeny and morphology support Phaeocytostroma saprophyticum sp. nov. in Diaporthales. Phytotaxa 716 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.716.1.1
