identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
884187855C79B552BA9D59D0FC6AFAC6.text	884187855C79B552BA9D59D0FC6AFAC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Putaoa Hormiga & Tu 2008	<div><p>Genus Putaoa Hormiga &amp; Tu, 2008</p><p>Type species. Putaoa huaping Hormiga &amp; Tu, 2008 from China (Guangxi) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/884187855C79B552BA9D59D0FC6AFAC6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Jinxin;Xu, Xiang;Hormiga, Gustavo;Yin, Haiqiang;Li, Hao	Liu, Jinxin, Xu, Xiang, Hormiga, Gustavo, Yin, Haiqiang, Li, Hao (2023): Two new species of the spider genus Putaoa (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from southern China. Zootaxa 5277 (3): 553-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.7
884187855C79B550BA9D5855FD26FE3C.text	884187855C79B550BA9D5855FD26FE3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Putaoa annulata Liu & Xu & Hormiga & Yin & Li 2023	<div><p>Putaoa annulata new species</p><p>(Ịƥgḓ)</p><p>Figures 1, 2, 5A–C, 6A, B, 7B</p><p>Holotype ♁ (HNU250): CHINA, Hunan Province, Hengyang City, Hengshan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.70817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.278833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.70817/lat 26.278833)">Banshanting</a>, 26°16.73'N, 112°42.49'E, 620m, 17 X 2015, Ailan He, Bing Zhou, Wang Liu, Chen Zeng, Zhuo’er Chen. Paratypes: 1♁ (HNU392) 1♀ (HNU251), same data as the holotype; 1♁ (HNU252) 1♀ (HNU253), CHINA, Hunan Province, Shaoyang City, Xinning County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.80417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.353666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.80417/lat 26.353666)">Tianyixiang</a>, 26°21.22'N, 110°48.25'E, 586m, 21 XI 2014, Haiqiang Yin, Cheng Wang, Jiahui Gan, Bing Zhou, Yuhui Gong; 2♁ (HNU255, HNU256) 2♀ (HNU257, HNU258), CHINA, Hunan Province, Hengyang City, Hengshan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.17717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.525167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.17717/lat 27.525167)">Wanshou village</a>, 27°31.51'N, 112°10.63'E, 487m, 20 X 2015, Ailan He, Bing Zhou, Wang Liu, Chen Zeng, Zhuo’er Chen; 2♀ (HNU430, HNU431), CHINA, Hunan Province, Zhangjiajie City, Wulingyuan District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.484665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.288834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.484665/lat 29.288834)">Suoxiyu Town</a>, portal of the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.484665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.288834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.484665/lat 29.288834)">Laoxiyu Tunnel</a>, 29°17.33'N, 110°29.08'E, 456m, 23 IIII 2016, Wang Liu, Chen Zeng, Tian Tian; 1♁ (HNU479) 3♀ (HNU712–714), CHINA, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.13717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.985332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.13717/lat 23.985332)">Laibin City</a>, Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.13717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.985332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.13717/lat 23.985332)">Dayaoshan Mountain</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.13717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=23.985332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.13717/lat 23.985332)">Shengtangshan</a> scenic area, 23°59.12'N, 110°8.23'E, 12 X 2021, Ailan He, Jinxin Liu, Zongguang Huang, Rongrong Liao, Qing Li, Xuemei Yang, Yingli Wen, Zhao Ye, Yang Liu. Other specimens examined.: 2♁ (HNU 489, HNU 490), CHINA, Hunan Province, Hengshan City, Hengshan Mountain, 14 XI 2007, Xiaoqi Mi [no more information in the label]; 1♁ (HNU691) 1♀ (HNU692), CHINA, Hunan Province, Hengshan City, Hengshan Mountain, 28 VII 2007, Guo Tang, Xiaoqi Mi [no more information in the label]; 3♁ (HNU264–266) 13♀ (HNU267–279), CHINA, Hunan Province, Chenzhou City, Mangshan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.839165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.926332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.839165/lat 24.926332)">Hejiawan</a>, 24°55.58'N, 112°50.35'E, 640m, 11 XII 2017, Haiqiang Yin, Ailan He, Jinxin Liu; 1♁ (HNU280) 2♀ (HNU281, HNU282), CHINA, Hunan Province, Chenzhou City, Mangshan Mountain, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.78533&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=25.0385" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.78533/lat 25.0385)">Yanziyan</a>, 25°2.31'N, 112°47.12'E, 390m, 10 XII 2017, Haiqiang Yin, Ailan He, Jinxin Liu; 1♀ (HNU283), CHINA, Hunan Province, Chenzhou City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.98883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.949667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.98883/lat 24.949667)">Mangshan Mountain</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.98883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.949667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.98883/lat 24.949667)">Xiangsikeng</a>, 24°56.98'N, 112°59.33'E, 1300m, 8 XII 2017, Haiqiang Yin, Ailan He, Jinxin Liu; aftermentioned specimens are collected in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.98883&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.949667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.98883/lat 24.949667)">Langshan Mountain</a>, Xinning County, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, China, by Haiqiang Yin, Cheng Wang, Jiahui Gan, Bing Zhou and Yuhui Gong: 5♁ (HNU403–407) 6♀ (HNU254, HNU408–412), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.80417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.353666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.80417/lat 26.353666)">Tianyixiang</a>, 26°21.22'N, 110°48.25'E, 586m, 21 XI 2014; 1♁ (HNU422), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.79867&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.358" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.79867/lat 26.358)">Feiliandong</a>, 26°21.48'N, 110°47.92'E, 403m, 23 XI 2014; 1♁ (HNU425) 3♀ (HNU426–428), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.80317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.3575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.80317/lat 26.3575)">Tianyixiang</a>, 26°21.45'N, 110°48.19'E, 556m, 25 XI 2014; 1♀ (HNU423), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.80766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.3855" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.80766/lat 26.3855)">Zixiadong</a>, 26°23.13'N, 110°48.46'E, 465m, 26 XI 2014; 1♀ (HNU424), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.80766&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.385666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.80766/lat 26.385666)">Lajiaofeng</a>, 26°23.14'N, 110°48.46'E, 653m, 27 XI 2014; 1♀ (HNU393), Luotuofeng, 26°20.47'E, 110°46.06'E, 482m, 27 XI 2014. The following specimens were collected in Hengshan Mountain, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, China, by Ailan He, Bing Zhou, Wang Liu, Chen Zeng, Zhuo’er Chen: 1♁ (HNU260) 2♀ (HNU259, HNU261), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.17717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.525167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.17717/lat 27.525167)">Wanshou village</a>, 27°31.51'N, 112°10.63'E, 487m, 20 X 2015; 3♁ (HNU394–396) 7♀ (HNU262, HNU397–402), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.17717&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.525167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.17717/lat 27.525167)">Wanshou Village</a>, 27°31.51'N, 112°10.63'E, 487m, 19 X 2015; 1♀ (HNU413), Martyry (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.71117&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.266" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.71117/lat 27.266)">Zhonglieci</a>), 27°15.96'N, 112°42.67'E, 427m, 19 X 2015; 1♁ (HNU420) 1♀ (HNU421), Depository of Buddhist texts (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.69217&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.267666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.69217/lat 27.267666)">Cangjingge</a>), 27°16.06'N, 112°41.53'E, 999m, 21 X 2015; 4♁ (HNU414– 417) 1♀ (HNU418), Martyry (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.3605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.526333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.3605/lat 27.526333)">Zhonglieci</a>), 27°31.58'N, 112°21.63'E, 487m, 21 X 2015 .</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet is derived from the Latin word for ring (annulus), in reference to the proximal half of the embolus which in prolateral view resembles a ring.</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of this new species can be distinguished from those of Putaoa seediq Hormiga and Dimitrov, 2017 by having the distal suprategular apophysis more developed and lobate, and the embolic process robust and sclerotized, while the distal suprategular apophysis is small and spiculate and the embolic process thin and membranous in P. seediq (compare Figs 2A–D, 6A, B with figs 2C, D, 3B, D in Hormiga and Dimitrov (2017)). Females of this new species resemble those of Putaoa titanoverpa n. sp. in having a flat basal epigynal plate, but can be distinguished by having the posterior margin of the basal plate nearly straight, and the copulatory ducts long and curved, while the medial posterior margin of the basal plate protruded towards apically to form an obtuse triangle, and the copulatory ducts are short and thick in P. titanoverpa n. sp. (compare Figs 1E–G, 5C with Figs 3E, F, 5F).</p><p>Description. Male (holotype; HNU250, Figs 1A, 2). Total length 9.12. Cephalothorax 4.94 long, 3.82 wide. Sternum 2.16 long, 1.92 wide. Abdomen 4.40 long, 3.38 wide. Anterior median eye diameter 0.18. Clypeus height 1.5 times one anterior median eye diameter. Carapace with shallow and longitudinal fovea (Fig. 1A). Chelicerae with four prolateral and four retrolateral teeth (Fig. 5A); stridulatory striae absent. Legs annulated with spines and with annulations alternating brown and black. Leg measurements: I 15.26 (4.33, 1.46, 3.71, 3.89, 1.87), II 14.01 (4.12, 1.39, 3.38, 3.51, 1.61), III 1.16 (3.33, 1.25, 2.58, 2.69, 1.31), IV 13.60 (3.94, 1.26, 3.28, 3.66, 1.46). Metatarsus I and II trichobothria (TmI and TmII) 0.25 approximately; Metatarsus III and IV trichobothria (TmIII and TmIV) 0.33 approximately.All metatarsal trichobothria located on the dorsum, near the retrolateral surface. Abdomen with some large brown patches and a few of white spots dorsally. Palp: tibia short, with three retrolateral trichobothria, one distal prolateral seta and one thick and short dorsal macroseta retrolaterally (Figs 2C, D, 6A, B). Cymbium with a conical ectal process (Figs 2B, 6A), apically pointed, and two basal cymbial apophyses near the edge of paracymbium (Figs 2E, 6A). Paracymbium glabrous, concave and bowl-like, apically hooked, with edge of median margin curved inward (Figs 2E, 6A), connected to cymbial base by means of a membrane, ventral to a bipartite basal cymbial apophysis. Tegulum large and pointed apically, and with base connecting to suprategulum which is prolonged and divided into three processes, embolus, embolic process and distal suprategular apophysis (Figs 2C, 6B). Embolus sinuous, well developed, with proximal half ring-like, flat and wide, and distal half gradually becoming narrow and somewhat sharp (Figs 2A, 6A). Embolic process sclerotized, pointed apically, running parallel to embolus end (Figs 2A, C, 6B). Distal suprategular apophysis sclerotized and lobate, almost in contact with apicoventral area of cymbium, extending towards tegulum apex across gap between bulb and cymbium (Figs 2B, C, 6A, B). Conductor membranous, on apical end on tegulum (Figs 2A, C, 6A, B). Median apophysis absent.</p><p>Female (paratype, HNU251). Total length 9.95 (Fig. 1B). Cephalothorax 4.56 long, 3.47 wide. Sternum 2.33 long, 2.06 wide (Fig. 1D). Abdomen 5.68 long, 4.83 wide. Anterior median eye diameter 0.19. Clypeus height 1.4 times one anterior median eye diameter. Chelicerae with five prolateral and five retrolateral teeth (Fig. 5B); stridulatory striae absent. Legs annulated with sporadic spines. Leg measurements: I 15.73 (4.48, 1.51, 3.83, 4.01, 1.90), II 14.48 (4.22, 1.53, 3.51, 3.60, 1.62), III 11.46 (3.40, 1.31, 2.70, 2.70, 1.35), IV 13.92 (4.05, 1.31, 3.48, 3.61, 1.47). Metatarsus I trichobothrium (TmI) 0.25 approximately; Metatarsus II, III and IV trichobothria (TmII–IV) 0.33 approximately. All metatarsal trichobothria located on the dorsum, near the retrolateral surface. Similar to males in somatic features. Epigynum: basal plate trapeziform, anterior margin 1.5 times longer than posterior margin, and the posterior margin nearly straight but with slightly protruded in the middle.Atrium separated into two parts by septum. Copulatory openings visible (Fig. 1E). Copulatory ducts elongated, flat and looping. Spermathecae small and spherical, approximately one spermatheca diameter from each other (Figs 1F, G, 5C). Fertilization ducts medially oriented (Figs 1G, 5C).</p><p>Distribution. China (Hunan, Guangxi) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/884187855C79B550BA9D5855FD26FE3C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Jinxin;Xu, Xiang;Hormiga, Gustavo;Yin, Haiqiang;Li, Hao	Liu, Jinxin, Xu, Xiang, Hormiga, Gustavo, Yin, Haiqiang, Li, Hao (2023): Two new species of the spider genus Putaoa (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from southern China. Zootaxa 5277 (3): 553-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.7
884187855C7CB554BA9D5B47FD89FE40.text	884187855C7CB554BA9D5B47FD89FE40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Putaoa titanoverpa Liu & Xu & Hormiga & Yin & Li 2023	<div><p>Putaoa titanoverpa new species</p><p>(ĦṜƥgḓ)</p><p>Figures 3, 4, 5D–F, 6C, D</p><p>Holotype ♁ (HNU284): CHINA, Hunan Province, Liuyang City, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=114.16817&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.434834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 114.16817/lat 28.434834)">Daweishan Mountain</a>, 28°26.09'N, 114°10.09'E, 530m, 17 I 2018, Keke Liu, Luyu Wang, Guchun Zhou . Paratypes: 1♁ (HNU285) 4♀ (HNU286–289), same data as the holotype . Additional specimens examined: 8♀ (HNU290–297), same data as the types .</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet refers to the robust and strongly sclerotized embolus and is derived from the Greek word titan (in the sense of large size) and the Latin word verpa (penis).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of this new species are similar to those of Putaoa huaping Hormiga and Tu, 2008 in having “U” shaped and sclerotized embolus (compare Figs 4A, 6D with fig. 3C in Hormiga and Tu, 2008), but can be distinguished by having the palpal tibia with one distal macroseta (cuspule-like), and the suprategulum with a lamelliform distal suprategular apophysis, while in P. huaping the palpal tibia has several distal macrosetae and the suprategulum has a stronger distal suprategular apophysis (compare Figs 4A–D, 6C, D with fig. 3 in Hormiga and Tu 2008). The diagnosis of the females of this new species is given under that of Putaoa annulata n. sp.</p><p>Description. Male (holotype; HNU284, Figs 3A, 4). Total length 9.68. Cephalothorax 4.33 long, 3.56 wide. Sternum 2.22 long, 1.99 wide. Abdomen 5.07 long, 3.69 wide. Anterior median eye diameter 0.17. Clypeus height 1.5 times one anterior median eye diameter. Carapace with shallow and longitudinal fovea (Fig. 3A). Chelicerae with six prolateral and six retrolateral teeth (Fig. 5D); stridulatory striae absent. Legs annulated with spines and with annulations alternating brown and black. Leg measurements: I 15.06 (4.25, 1.45, 3.78, 3.81, 1.77), II 13.68 (4.04, 1.34, 3.27, 3.45, 1.58), III 10.68 (3.20, 1.19, 2.47, 2.56, 1.26), IV 13.16 (3.83, 1.20, 3.18, 3.55, 1.40). All metatarsal trichobothria 0.33 approximately (TmI–IV), located on the dorsum near the retrolateral surface. Abdomen with white spots in anterior part and irregular patches dorsally. Palp: tibia short, with one dorsal and two retrolateral trichobothria and one distal seta prolaterally (Figs 4A, C, D, 6C, D). Cymbium with a conical ectal process in medial retrolateral margin (Figs 4B, 6C), apically pointed. Paracymbium glabrous, concave and bowl-like, with apical end broad and nearly square in ventral view, connected to cymbial base by means of a membrane, ventral to a sclerotized cymbial apophysis (Figs 4B–D, 6C). Tegulum large and pointed apically, with tegular base connecting to suprategulum which is divided into three processes, embolus, embolic process and distal suprategular apophysis (Figs 4C, E, 6D). The embolus “U” shaped (especially in prolateral view), developed and sclerotized, flattening in distal half part (Figs 4A, C, E, 6D). Embolic process thin and small, close to embolus apex (Figs 4C, E, 6D). Distal suprategular apophysis short and spiculate, curved in retrolateral view, extending towards end of tegulum across the gap between bulb and cymbium (Figs 4C, D, 6C, D). Conductor triangular, membranous, pointing apically end of tegulum (Figs 4D, 6D). Median apophysis absent.</p><p>Female (paratype, HNU287). Total length 9.85 (Fig. 3B). Cephalothorax 4.06 long, 3.01wide. Sternum 2.27 long, 2.08 wide (Fig. 4D). Abdomen 6.86 long, 5.13 wide. Anterior median eye diameter 0.18. Clypeus height 1.4 times one anterior median eye diameter. Chelicerae with five prolateral and five retrolateral teeth (Fig. 5E); stridulatory striae absent. Legs annulated with spines and with annulations alternating brown and black. Leg measurements: I 15.68 (4.44, 1.50, 3.89, 3.97, 1.88), II 14.62 (4.18, 1.54, 3.60, 3.60, 1.70), III 11.57 (3.38, 1.35, 2.68, 2.73, 1.40), IV 13.96 (4.10, 1.34, 3.46, 3.55, 1.51). All metatarsal trichobothria 0.33 approximately (TmI–IV), located on the dorsum near the retrolateral surface. Similar to male in somatic features. Epigynum: basal plate slightly forming an obtuse triangle, and with the median area of posterior margin protruding caudally (Figs 3E, F, 5F). Atrium divided in two by septum. Copulatory openings visible ventrally (Fig. 3E). Copulatory ducts short and thick. Spermathecae spherical, almost in contact with each other. Fertilization ducts medially oriented, arising from the middle of spermathecae (Figs 3F, 5F).</p><p>Distribution. China (Hunan) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/884187855C7CB554BA9D5B47FD89FE40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Liu, Jinxin;Xu, Xiang;Hormiga, Gustavo;Yin, Haiqiang;Li, Hao	Liu, Jinxin, Xu, Xiang, Hormiga, Gustavo, Yin, Haiqiang, Li, Hao (2023): Two new species of the spider genus Putaoa (Araneae, Linyphiidae) from southern China. Zootaxa 5277 (3): 553-564, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5277.3.7
