taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
8878B758BA7B9F274E2F2106FE6AFBE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA7B9F274E2F2106FE6AFBE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA7B9F274E2F2106FE6AFBE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA799F394E542450FAD4F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA799F394E542450FAD4F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA799F394E542450FAD4F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA799F394E542450FAD4F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA799F394E542450FAD4F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA799F394E542450FAD4F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839870/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839870	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA799F394E542450FAD4F80C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839873/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839873	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA649F3C4E712107FE29FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA649F3C4E712107FE29FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA649F3C4E712107FE29FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA649F3C4E712107FE29FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA649F3C4E712107FE29FAB3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA629F3E4E1F25B0FB24FDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6E9F324E1A2106FC9BFD88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6E9F324E1A2106FC9BFD88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6E9F324E1A2106FC9BFD88.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6C9F334E15229AFCF0FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839870/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839870	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6C9F334E15229AFCF0FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6C9F334E15229AFCF0FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6C9F334E15229AFCF0FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6C9F334E15229AFCF0FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6C9F334E15229AFCF0FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6C9F334E15229AFCF0FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839873/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839873	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6C9F334E15229AFCF0FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839875/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839875	Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum “Chondrites” symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.	Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum “Chondrites” symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6A9F354DAD2106FE5FF9C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839873/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839873	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6A9F354DAD2106FE5FF9C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA6B9F374D9C2653FDCDFC81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839875/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839875	Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum “Chondrites” symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.	Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum “Chondrites” symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839877/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839877	Fig. 9. Clionolithes alcicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987) comb. nov. A–B. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype epoxy cast (together with bryozoan borings) recorded in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. C. SEM of the holotype of junior synonym C. bullahirsuta Plewes, 1996 from the Lower Jurassic of Yorkshire, UK (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 28, fig. 1). D. Close-up of C,illustrating the characteristic cuspatemicrotexture (reproduced from Plewes1996:pl. 28, fig. 3). E. SEM close-up of another specimen showing additional hairy filaments (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 28, fig. 7).	Fig. 9. Clionolithes alcicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987) comb. nov. A–B. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype epoxy cast (together with bryozoan borings) recorded in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. C. SEM of the holotype of junior synonym C. bullahirsuta Plewes, 1996 from the Lower Jurassic of Yorkshire, UK (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 28, fig. 1). D. Close-up of C,illustrating the characteristic cuspatemicrotexture (reproduced from Plewes1996:pl. 28, fig. 3). E. SEM close-up of another specimen showing additional hairy filaments (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 28, fig. 7).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839870/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839870	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839873/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839873	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA699F094DC12383FD90FD86.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839875/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839875	Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum “Chondrites” symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.	Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum “Chondrites” symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA579F0A4DB4229FFD48FB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839879/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839879	Fig. 10. Clionolithes convexus (Hofmann, 1996) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype in planar view, oblique view and a detail, preserved in an epoxy cast from an Upper Cretaceous Ostrea shell from the Swedish island Ivö. Note the prominent initial tunnel with a slightly hairy texture leading to the main trunk of the trace.	Fig. 10. Clionolithes convexus (Hofmann, 1996) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype in planar view, oblique view and a detail, preserved in an epoxy cast from an Upper Cretaceous Ostrea shell from the Swedish island Ivö. Note the prominent initial tunnel with a slightly hairy texture leading to the main trunk of the trace.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA579F0A4DB4229FFD48FB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA579F0A4DB4229FFD48FB0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA559F0D4E7E2429FC58FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839881/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839881	Fig. 11. Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. A–C. Holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite rostrum from Misburg, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates anastomosis and two potential points of initial entry (arrows). Close-up in C shows peripheral ramification. D–F. Respective SEM views of an epoxy casts of the holotype of junior synonym D. brachiopodicola Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the very close morphological resemblance of the trace in a belemnite vs a brachiopod substrate. G. Natural casts in a Devonian brachiopod with several C. flexuosa (original of Clarke 1908: pl. 10; damaged since original publication). H. Another silicified cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 2).	Fig. 11. Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. A–C. Holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite rostrum from Misburg, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates anastomosis and two potential points of initial entry (arrows). Close-up in C shows peripheral ramification. D–F. Respective SEM views of an epoxy casts of the holotype of junior synonym D. brachiopodicola Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the very close morphological resemblance of the trace in a belemnite vs a brachiopod substrate. G. Natural casts in a Devonian brachiopod with several C. flexuosa (original of Clarke 1908: pl. 10; damaged since original publication). H. Another silicified cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 2).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA559F0D4E7E2429FC58FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA559F0D4E7E2429FC58FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA559F0D4E7E2429FC58FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA559F0D4E7E2429FC58FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA559F0D4E7E2429FC58FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA559F0D4E7E2429FC58FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839870/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839870	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA559F0D4E7E2429FC58FA41.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839873/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839873	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA539F0E4E4625DBFDA7FC22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839883/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839883	Fig. 12. Calcideletrix breviramosa Mägdefrau, 1937. A–C. Holotype covering several square centimetres of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. Close-up in B shows main tunnels with lateral secondary galleries and close-up in C illustrates connections to the substrate surface at the end of the secondary branches (arrows).	Fig. 12. Calcideletrix breviramosa Mägdefrau, 1937. A–C. Holotype covering several square centimetres of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. Close-up in B shows main tunnels with lateral secondary galleries and close-up in C illustrates connections to the substrate surface at the end of the secondary branches (arrows).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839885/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839885	Fig. 13. Calcideletrix anomala (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov. A. Original glass negative of the lost holotype from an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B–C. Overview and closeup of the neotype from the same type locality and horizon; the centre of the colony is partly obscured by a deeper tier of Dendrina ispp. D. A large specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany. E–F. SEM planar and oblique views of an epoxy cast of the same specimen.	Fig. 13. Calcideletrix anomala (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov. A. Original glass negative of the lost holotype from an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B–C. Overview and closeup of the neotype from the same type locality and horizon; the centre of the colony is partly obscured by a deeper tier of Dendrina ispp. D. A large specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany. E–F. SEM planar and oblique views of an epoxy cast of the same specimen.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839870/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839870	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839873/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839873	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA509F004D8E2420FA8EFAE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839875/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839875	Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum “Chondrites” symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.	Fig. 8. Clionolithes cervicornis (Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987). A. SEM of pyritised and epoxycast holotype in a Devonian brachiopod shell from New York State, USA. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of another specimen from the original material of Vogel et al., recorded in a coral substrate. D–E. Overview and close-up of several natural casts that are part of the suite of paratypes of Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 (junior synonym of Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908), from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 5). F. Holotype of nomen nudum “Chondrites” symmetricus (Solle 1938), a morphologically similar (cf.) but unusually large specimen from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5E9F024DA62577FE2BFB76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839887/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839887	Fig. 14. Calcideletrix fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace Saccomorpha clava Radtke, 1991) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene Pecten bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin. D–F. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene Ostrea bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved).	Fig. 14. Calcideletrix fastigata (Radtke, 1991) comb. nov. A–C. SEM of the lectotype (together with fungal trace Saccomorpha clava Radtke, 1991) in an epoxy cast of an Oligocene Pecten bivalve shell from the Niederrheinische Bucht, Germany. Close-up in B illustrates the fine rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface. Close-up in C shows framboidal pyrite spheres (fossil fungal spores?) embedded within the resin. D–F. Large paralectotype in a cast of an Oligocene Ostrea bivalve shell from the same locality. Close-up in E exhibits the alternating bifurcation pattern of very fine peripheral galleries. Closeup in F shows the centre of the trace with further framboidal pyrite aggregates; epoxy resin was hindered in penetrating the cavity due to calcite spar (now dissolved).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839889/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839889	Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral.	Fig. 15. Dictyoporus nodosus Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Overview and close-up of the holotype in an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Misburg, Germany. C. Specimen with lower degree of anastomosis, but better defined centre; same belemnite as holotype of Calcideletrix flexuosa Mägdefrau, 1937. D. Large specimen in a shell of the bivalve Inoceramus Sowerby, 1814 from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, showing a combination of open channels and endolithic tunnels. E–F. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a pyritised specimen in an aptychus from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, showing surficial channels, a deeper tier of endolithic tunnels and variability in tunnel diameter. G. Holotype of junior synonym Cliona fenestralis Elias, 1957, preserved as natural cast in a Late Mississippian brachiopod (currently lost; reproduced from Elias 1967: pl. 40, fig. 2; scale bar derived from original description). H. Holotype of junior synonym Cicatricula retiformis Palmer & Palmer, 1977 on a slab of Ordovician hardground, displaying readily anastomosing channels with a decrease in mesh size towards the periphery. I. Holotype of junior synonym Dictyoporus garsonensis Elias, 1980, preserved in an Upper Ordovician rugose coral.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839870/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839870	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA5D9F064E6124C7FC4AFEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839873/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839873	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	Fig. 7. Clionolithes pannosus (Solle, 1938) comb. nov. A. Holotype preserved as natural cast in a Devonian brachiopod shell from the Mosel Valley near Münstermaifeld, Germany. B–C. SEM overview and close-up of the holotype. D–F. SEM planar view, oblique view and close-up of pyritised and resinembedded holotype of junior synonym Platydendrina platycentrum Vogel et al., 1987 in a shell of Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Middle Devonian of New York State, USA.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA589F074D2521B4FDADFAAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839891/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839891	Fig. 16. Dictyoporus balani (Tavernier, Campbell & Golubic, 1992) comb. nov. A. SEM of holotype (lower right corner) in an epoxy cast of a Pliocene Balanus shell (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 1A). B. Close-up of holotype (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 1D). C. Prostrate peripheral reticulum with rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 2B).	Fig. 16. Dictyoporus balani (Tavernier, Campbell & Golubic, 1992) comb. nov. A. SEM of holotype (lower right corner) in an epoxy cast of a Pliocene Balanus shell (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 1A). B. Close-up of holotype (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 1D). C. Prostrate peripheral reticulum with rhizoidal connections to the substrate surface (reproduced from Tavernier et al. 1992: fig. 2B).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA599F184E2825A9FC9EFAF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839893/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839893	Fig. 17. Abeliella riccioides Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Early illustrations of this trace fossil by Rose (1855) and Kölliker (1860) based on observations of Cretaceous fish scales (reproduced from Rose 1855: pl. I, fig. 5 and Kölliker 1860: pl. XVI, fig. 14). C. Lectotype sample showing numerous specimens in a transparent Oligocene fish scale. D. Close-up of lectotype (arrow) and several paralectotypes, illustrating near-perfect bilateral symmetry of the traces. E. Surface SEM of a Cretaceous echodont tooth, showing the avoidance of tunnels as opposed to true anastomosis (reproduced from Underwood 1999: fig. 2a). F–H. Overview and close-ups of an unidentified Cretaceous fish tooth from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, illustrating typical increase in abundance towards the base.	Fig. 17. Abeliella riccioides Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Early illustrations of this trace fossil by Rose (1855) and Kölliker (1860) based on observations of Cretaceous fish scales (reproduced from Rose 1855: pl. I, fig. 5 and Kölliker 1860: pl. XVI, fig. 14). C. Lectotype sample showing numerous specimens in a transparent Oligocene fish scale. D. Close-up of lectotype (arrow) and several paralectotypes, illustrating near-perfect bilateral symmetry of the traces. E. Surface SEM of a Cretaceous echodont tooth, showing the avoidance of tunnels as opposed to true anastomosis (reproduced from Underwood 1999: fig. 2a). F–H. Overview and close-ups of an unidentified Cretaceous fish tooth from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, illustrating typical increase in abundance towards the base.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA469F1A4E6D258AFC4AFB94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839893/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839893	Fig. 17. Abeliella riccioides Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Early illustrations of this trace fossil by Rose (1855) and Kölliker (1860) based on observations of Cretaceous fish scales (reproduced from Rose 1855: pl. I, fig. 5 and Kölliker 1860: pl. XVI, fig. 14). C. Lectotype sample showing numerous specimens in a transparent Oligocene fish scale. D. Close-up of lectotype (arrow) and several paralectotypes, illustrating near-perfect bilateral symmetry of the traces. E. Surface SEM of a Cretaceous echodont tooth, showing the avoidance of tunnels as opposed to true anastomosis (reproduced from Underwood 1999: fig. 2a). F–H. Overview and close-ups of an unidentified Cretaceous fish tooth from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, illustrating typical increase in abundance towards the base.	Fig. 17. Abeliella riccioides Mägdefrau, 1937. A–B. Early illustrations of this trace fossil by Rose (1855) and Kölliker (1860) based on observations of Cretaceous fish scales (reproduced from Rose 1855: pl. I, fig. 5 and Kölliker 1860: pl. XVI, fig. 14). C. Lectotype sample showing numerous specimens in a transparent Oligocene fish scale. D. Close-up of lectotype (arrow) and several paralectotypes, illustrating near-perfect bilateral symmetry of the traces. E. Surface SEM of a Cretaceous echodont tooth, showing the avoidance of tunnels as opposed to true anastomosis (reproduced from Underwood 1999: fig. 2a). F–H. Overview and close-ups of an unidentified Cretaceous fish tooth from the lower Campanian of Höver, Germany, illustrating typical increase in abundance towards the base.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA469F1A4E6D258AFC4AFB94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA469F1A4E6D258AFC4AFB94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA449F1B4E1A24A9FC22FC7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839895/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839895	Fig. 18. Abeliella procera Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Two specimens in the lectotype sample, a transparent Oligocene fish scale. B. Close-up of lectotype illustrating details of the dichotomous bifurcation pattern in the central part of the larger (upper) specimen in A. Note the spherical aggregates (fossil spores?) filling part of the empty tunnels. C. Large specimen, together with a small A. riccioides to the right, in a Hexanthus sp. fish tooth from the lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany.	Fig. 18. Abeliella procera Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Two specimens in the lectotype sample, a transparent Oligocene fish scale. B. Close-up of lectotype illustrating details of the dichotomous bifurcation pattern in the central part of the larger (upper) specimen in A. Note the spherical aggregates (fossil spores?) filling part of the empty tunnels. C. Large specimen, together with a small A. riccioides to the right, in a Hexanthus sp. fish tooth from the lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839897/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839897	Fig. 19. Nododendrina europaea (Fischer, 1875). A–B. Original illustrations of the trace as observed in a transparent shell of the bivalve Pecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Gascogne, France (reproduced from Fischer 1875: pl. XVI, figs 5–6; no scale). C–E. SEM overview and close-up of the neotype (= holotype of the junior synonym Semidendrina pulchra Bromley et al., 2007) in an epoxy cast of an Upper Jurassic Lopha shell from Villers-sur-Mer, France. F. SEM of an ontogenetic series as recorded in an epoxy cast of a bivalve shell that was exposed for two years at a depth of 15 m in the Kosterfjord, Sweden (modified from Wisshak 2006).	Fig. 19. Nododendrina europaea (Fischer, 1875). A–B. Original illustrations of the trace as observed in a transparent shell of the bivalve Pecten opercularis (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Gulf of Gascogne, France (reproduced from Fischer 1875: pl. XVI, figs 5–6; no scale). C–E. SEM overview and close-up of the neotype (= holotype of the junior synonym Semidendrina pulchra Bromley et al., 2007) in an epoxy cast of an Upper Jurassic Lopha shell from Villers-sur-Mer, France. F. SEM of an ontogenetic series as recorded in an epoxy cast of a bivalve shell that was exposed for two years at a depth of 15 m in the Kosterfjord, Sweden (modified from Wisshak 2006).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839866/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839866	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	Fig. 4. Dendrina lacerata Hofmann, 1996. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Misburg, Germany. B. Paratype on the same cast as the holotype. C. Several paratypes in the periphery of a Calcideletrix anomala from the type locality. D. Oblique view of a specimen in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, illustrating a tubular inlet tunnel on the left and peripheral connections to the substrate surface on the right. E. Surface view of a solitary specimen with inlet canal in a belemnite from the upper Campanian of Misburg, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839868/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839868	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	Fig. 5. Clionolithes radicans Clarke, 1908. A. Original illustration of the lectotype from the Devonian of Mansfield, Pennsylvania, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 11, fig. 1). B–C. Overview and close-up of a shell of the brachiopod Atrypa bearing the lectotype and a number of further specimens. D. Holotype of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta Solle, 1938 from the Devonian near Koblenz, Germany, reproduced from Solle (1938: fig. 2). E–F. Overview and SEM close-up of one of the paratypes of junior synonym Olkenbachia hirsuta (compare with Solle 1938: fig. 4).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA429F1F4DB52269FBC4FB6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839870/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839870	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	Fig. 6. Clionolithes palmatus Clarke, 1908. A. Original drawing of the lectotype, a natural cast in a shell of Loxopteria dispar Sandberger & Sandberger, 1857 from the Upper Devonian of New York State, USA (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 1). B. The lectotype in its present state, either slightly damaged or originally idealised. C. Original drawing of the paralectotype, a natural cast in a Loxonema danai Clarke, 1904 from the type locality (reproduced from Clarke 1908: pl. 12, fig. 2). D. Significantly damaged paralectotype. E–F. A number of natural casts in a shell of Leptostrophia Hall & Clarke, 1892 from the Devonian of Victoria, Australia, including the holotype (close-up in F) and several paratypes of junior synonym Clionolithes sollei Talent, 1963 (compare with Talent 1963: pl. 9, figs 3–8). G. SEM of a specimen cast in epoxy resin by Plewes (1996) from the Devonian of Iowa, USA, illustrating the morphological range within one trace, comprising sheet-like fans and galleries terminating in fine ramifications (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 1, fig. 1).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA419F114DEC24F0FDCBFAE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839899/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839899	Fig. 20. Nododendrina incomposita (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov. A. Lectotype (arrow) and several paralectotypes in a brachiopod shell from the upper Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany. B. Topotypic shell of the brachiopod Chatwinothyris Sahni, 1925 with several specimens in various ontogenetic stages. C. Mirror-symmetrical SEM image of epoxy cast of the same shell. D–G. SEM close-ups of various specimens from the same shell, illustrating an ontogenetic series. H–I. Cluster of traces and close-up of holotype of junior synonym Hyellomorpha microdendritica Vogel et al., 1987, in a cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. J–K. Reflective and transmitted light micrographs of syntypes of the junior synonym Dendrina minor Mägdefrau, 1937 in an Ordovician trilobite fragment from erratics found near Köthen, Germany.	Fig. 20. Nododendrina incomposita (Mägdefrau, 1937) comb. nov. A. Lectotype (arrow) and several paralectotypes in a brachiopod shell from the upper Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany. B. Topotypic shell of the brachiopod Chatwinothyris Sahni, 1925 with several specimens in various ontogenetic stages. C. Mirror-symmetrical SEM image of epoxy cast of the same shell. D–G. SEM close-ups of various specimens from the same shell, illustrating an ontogenetic series. H–I. Cluster of traces and close-up of holotype of junior synonym Hyellomorpha microdendritica Vogel et al., 1987, in a cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. J–K. Reflective and transmitted light micrographs of syntypes of the junior synonym Dendrina minor Mägdefrau, 1937 in an Ordovician trilobite fragment from erratics found near Köthen, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA419F114DEC24F0FDCBFAE9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA4F9F134D85257AFC44FE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839901/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839901	Fig. 21. Nododendrina paleodendrica (Elias, 1957). A. Original illustration of holotype (actually syntypes) in the dorsal valve of the brachiopod Buxtonia semicircularis (Sutton & Wagner, 1931) from the Late Mississippian Redoak Hollow Formation of Oklahoma, USA (reproduced from Elias 1957: pl. 39, fig. 9). B–C. Original illustrations of further specimens in two shells of the brachiopod Chonetes Fischer de Waldheim, 1830 from the Late Mississippian Redoak Hollow Formation of Oklahoma, USA (reproduced from Elias 1957: pl. 39, figs 4 and 3, respectively).	Fig. 21. Nododendrina paleodendrica (Elias, 1957). A. Original illustration of holotype (actually syntypes) in the dorsal valve of the brachiopod Buxtonia semicircularis (Sutton & Wagner, 1931) from the Late Mississippian Redoak Hollow Formation of Oklahoma, USA (reproduced from Elias 1957: pl. 39, fig. 9). B–C. Original illustrations of further specimens in two shells of the brachiopod Chonetes Fischer de Waldheim, 1830 from the Late Mississippian Redoak Hollow Formation of Oklahoma, USA (reproduced from Elias 1957: pl. 39, figs 4 and 3, respectively).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA4F9F134D85257AFC44FE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA4D9F144DB021F2FC5FFB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839903/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839903	Fig. 22. Nododendrina nodosa Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. B. A more densely branched and anastomosing growth form in an epoxy cast of Athyris McCoy, 1844 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA.	Fig. 22. Nododendrina nodosa Vogel, Golubic & Brett, 1987. A. SEM of holotype in an epoxy cast of the brachiopod Mediospirifer Bublichenko, 1959 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA. B. A more densely branched and anastomosing growth form in an epoxy cast of Athyris McCoy, 1844 from the Devonian at Lake Erie, New York, USA.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA4D9F144DB021F2FC5FFB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA4D9F144DB021F2FC5FFB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA4D9F144DB021F2FC5FFB79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839864/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839864	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	Fig. 3. Dendrina belemniticola Mägdefrau, 1937. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. belemniticola (arrow; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 3); inlet tunnel roughly at 11h in this and the following four sub-figures. D. Lectotype of D. belemniticola in an upper Senonian belemnite from Rosenthal near Peine, Germany (compare to Mägdefrau 1937: pl. IV, fig. 1). E. Holotype of junior synonym D. orbiculata Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of an upper Campanian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. F. Paratype of junior synonym D. constans Hofmann, 1996. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. G. Holotype of junior synonym D. constans. SEM of epoxy cast of a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. E–G illustrate the morphological range of D. belemniticola from almost completely fused radiating galleries, to partially fused galleries forming anastomoses, to rarely fused radiating galleries. H. Detail of partly obscured inlet tunnel connecting to centre of a paratype of junior synonym D. orbiculata. SEM of epoxy cast of an Upper Cretaceous belemnite from Lüneburg, Germany. I. Rarely observed overlap of D. belemniticola in a lower Maastrichtian belemnite from Rügen, Germany. J. Specimen of D. belemniticola (left) next to a D. dendrina (right) at the very tip of a lower Campanian belemnite from Höver, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA4B9F164E152106FE7AFA22.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839905/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839905	Fig. 23. Pyrodendrina cupra Tapanila, 2008. A–B. SEM of the holotype, cast in epoxy from a shell of the brachiopod Pentamerus palaformis Jin & Copper, 2000 from the Early Silurian of Anticosti Island, Canada.	Fig. 23. Pyrodendrina cupra Tapanila, 2008. A–B. SEM of the holotype, cast in epoxy from a shell of the brachiopod Pentamerus palaformis Jin & Copper, 2000 from the Early Silurian of Anticosti Island, Canada.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA489F684E362623FC03FC4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839907/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839907	Fig. 24. Pyrodendrina arctica isp. nov. A–B. SEM planar and side views of the holotype found in epoxy cast of a shell of the bivalve Chlamys islandica (O.F. Müller, 1776) sampled off SW Svalbard. C–D. SEM overview and close-up of the paratype recoded in the same shell. E. SEM of a specimen from another (probably Holocene) bivalve shell sampled at a depth of 78 m in Straumsflaket, near Jan Mayen.	Fig. 24. Pyrodendrina arctica isp. nov. A–B. SEM planar and side views of the holotype found in epoxy cast of a shell of the bivalve Chlamys islandica (O.F. Müller, 1776) sampled off SW Svalbard. C–D. SEM overview and close-up of the paratype recoded in the same shell. E. SEM of a specimen from another (probably Holocene) bivalve shell sampled at a depth of 78 m in Straumsflaket, near Jan Mayen.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA369F694E3E23EEFCB9FD05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839909/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839909	Fig. 25. Pyrodendrina belua isp. nov. A. SEM planar view of holotype, surrounded by a carpet of other microborings in an epoxy cast prepared from a bivalve shell sampled from the Middle Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA. B–C. Lateral views of holotype illustrating vertically oriented galleries, parts of which bearing perpendicular side braches. D. Detail of terminal widening and spiny ornamentation. E. Detail of slender prostrate galleries with terminal swellings and typical branching pattern; an anastomosis is developed at the lower right.	Fig. 25. Pyrodendrina belua isp. nov. A. SEM planar view of holotype, surrounded by a carpet of other microborings in an epoxy cast prepared from a bivalve shell sampled from the Middle Pennsylvanian Buckhorn Asphalt Lagerstätte in Oklahoma, USA. B–C. Lateral views of holotype illustrating vertically oriented galleries, parts of which bearing perpendicular side braches. D. Detail of terminal widening and spiny ornamentation. E. Detail of slender prostrate galleries with terminal swellings and typical branching pattern; an anastomosis is developed at the lower right.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA379F6B4E34231FFBB3FEAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839911/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839911	Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway.	Fig. 26. Pyrodendrina villosa isp. nov. A. Holotype in a Pleistocene skeleton of the coral Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758) from Rhodes, Greece, prior to epoxy casting. B. SEM of same holotype in epoxy cast. C. Detail of holotype illustrating hairy ornamentation (collapsed to cast surface). D. Detail of central part of holotype, showing diagnostic vertically oriented protrusions. E. Numerous specimens in the same coral fragment as the holotype. F. Same type of traces in a Recent skeleton of Lophelia pertusa from Stjernsund, Norway. G. SEM of another specimen with an elongate overall morphology, found in a Pleistocene cold water coral from Rhodes, Greece. H. Specimen with a more rosette-shaped outline, found in a skeleton of the coral Keratoisis Wright, 1869 from the Pleistocene of Messina, Sicily. I. Transmission light micrograph of a specimen in a shell of the bivalve Delectopecten vitreus (Gmelin, 1791) from Sula Reef, off Norway.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA329F6E4E7A2447FC35F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839913/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839913	Fig. 27 (page 70). Rhopalondendrina avis igen. et isp. nov. A–E. Series of paratypes (A–D) and the holotype (E) showing the development from early ontogenetic stages to advanced stages with several orders of ramification and rosette-shaped plexus with typical increase of tunnel diameter and widening towards the periphery of the trace. SEM of epoxy casts of Lower Jurassic belemnites from the Glasenbach Gorge, Austria. F. Oblique view of C, showing arched nature of initial tunnel (arrow at left). G. SEM of an early ontogenetic stage of a specimen in an Upper Campanian belemnite from Kronsmoor, Germany. H. SEM of a more irregularly branching specimen in a belemnite from the Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany. I–K. Overview and two close-ups of a typical cluster in a belemnite from the Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany.	Fig. 27 (page 70). Rhopalondendrina avis igen. et isp. nov. A–E. Series of paratypes (A–D) and the holotype (E) showing the development from early ontogenetic stages to advanced stages with several orders of ramification and rosette-shaped plexus with typical increase of tunnel diameter and widening towards the periphery of the trace. SEM of epoxy casts of Lower Jurassic belemnites from the Glasenbach Gorge, Austria. F. Oblique view of C, showing arched nature of initial tunnel (arrow at left). G. SEM of an early ontogenetic stage of a specimen in an Upper Campanian belemnite from Kronsmoor, Germany. H. SEM of a more irregularly branching specimen in a belemnite from the Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany. I–K. Overview and two close-ups of a typical cluster in a belemnite from the Lower Maastrichtian of Rügen, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA329F6E4E7A2447FC35F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839860/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839860	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	Fig. 1 (page 7). Morphological characters of dendrinid microborings with respect to overall shape and symmetry of the trace, its vertical profile, openings to the substrate surface, orientation of entrance tunnel (where present), branching pattern and surface texture (in order of decreasing relevance as ichnotaxobase).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA329F6E4E7A2447FC35F99E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839862/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839862	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	Fig. 2. Dendrina dendrina (Morris, 1851) comb. nov. A. Original illustration of belemnite with various traces, including D. dendrina (arrows; reproduced from Quenstedt 1849: pl. 30, fig. 36); provenance unresolved. B. Original amalgam, including D. dendrina (arrows and label “d”; reproduced from Quenstedt 1885: pl. 38, fig. 39). C. Re-illustration of original Quenstedt Dendrina (reproduced from Plewes 1996: pl. 22, fig. 5). D. Original illustrations of Talpina dendrina (= D. dendrina; reproduced from Morris 1851: pl. IV, figs 4–7; 5 = Talpina ramosa; 6a = Trypanites solitarius). E. Morris’ original belemnite from the Upper Cretaceous of Norfolk, UK, including the lectotype of D. dendrina (encircled). F–G. Close-up of lectotype under incipient and transparent light; the inlet canal is clearly visible. H–I. Three paralectotypes in the same belemnite. J–K. Planar and oblique views of the holotype of junior synonym D. fluensis Hofmann, 1996, illustrating the typical multi-tier occurrence, irregular branching, and meandering galleries; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany. L. Holotype of junior synonym D. crassa Hofmann, 1996, within the morphological range of D. dendrina; SEM of epoxy cast of a belemnite from the lower Maastrichtian at Kronsmoor, Germany.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA319F614E502106FCB1FD1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839915/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839915	Fig. 28. Rhopalondendrina acanthina igen. et isp. nov. A. SEM of holotype, partly obscured by other microborings, with point of entry at the lower left, in an epoxy cast of a Middle Pleistocene bivalve shell from the Island of Rhodes, Greece. B–C. Planar and oblique views of the paratype, illustrating an early ontogenetic stage with short vertical entrance tunnel; same epoxy cast as the holotype. D–F. SEM of three different ontogenetic stages (arrows indicating initial points of entry), in epoxy casts from experimental bivalve shells deployed at Faial Island in the Azores (same for G–I). G. Oblique view of a specimen with vertical entrance tunnel and short spiny protrusions connecting the trace to the substrate surface. H–I. Two specimens of a related dendrinid from the Azores experiment, awaiting ichnotaxonomical treatment as soon as more material becomes available.	Fig. 28. Rhopalondendrina acanthina igen. et isp. nov. A. SEM of holotype, partly obscured by other microborings, with point of entry at the lower left, in an epoxy cast of a Middle Pleistocene bivalve shell from the Island of Rhodes, Greece. B–C. Planar and oblique views of the paratype, illustrating an early ontogenetic stage with short vertical entrance tunnel; same epoxy cast as the holotype. D–F. SEM of three different ontogenetic stages (arrows indicating initial points of entry), in epoxy casts from experimental bivalve shells deployed at Faial Island in the Azores (same for G–I). G. Oblique view of a specimen with vertical entrance tunnel and short spiny protrusions connecting the trace to the substrate surface. H–I. Two specimens of a related dendrinid from the Azores experiment, awaiting ichnotaxonomical treatment as soon as more material becomes available.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA3F9F624E4A233FFB51FE3C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839917/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839917	Fig. 29. Rhopalondendrina contra igen. et isp. nov. A–E. Overviews and close-ups of the holotype, illustrating the morphology of the entrance tunnel (arrows in A and D; close-ups in C and E) and the anastomosing plexus, covered with short and spiny protrusions (close-up in B). SEM of epoxy cast of a bivalve shell sampled in Middle Miocene strata at Balcome Bay, Victoria, Australia (same for F–H). F. Juvenile specimen (paratype) with clearly visible entrance tunnel (arrow indicating initial point of entry). G–H. Larger specimen (paratype) with the plexus developed on the opposite surface of the bivalve shell from the initial point of entry (arrow in G).	Fig. 29. Rhopalondendrina contra igen. et isp. nov. A–E. Overviews and close-ups of the holotype, illustrating the morphology of the entrance tunnel (arrows in A and D; close-ups in C and E) and the anastomosing plexus, covered with short and spiny protrusions (close-up in B). SEM of epoxy cast of a bivalve shell sampled in Middle Miocene strata at Balcome Bay, Victoria, Australia (same for F–H). F. Juvenile specimen (paratype) with clearly visible entrance tunnel (arrow indicating initial point of entry). G–H. Larger specimen (paratype) with the plexus developed on the opposite surface of the bivalve shell from the initial point of entry (arrow in G).	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA3D9F644E722106FE07FA7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839919/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839919	Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality.	Fig. 30. Rhopalondendrina tigris igen. et isp. nov. A–B. Planar and lateral views of two specimens illustrating the diagnostic arcuate entrance tunnel and paw-shaped main chamber; SEM of epoxy casts from a bivalve shell sampled off Mauritania. C–D. SEM of specimens in an initial (C, paratype) and a mature (D, holotype) ontogenetic stage, cast in epoxy from experimental bivalve substrates that were deployed at the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. E–F. Lateral and planar views of another specimen (paratype) from the type locality.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
8878B758BA3B9F664E6F21FFFB9EFE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/3839921/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3839921	Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer.	Fig. 31. Antodendrina ligula igen. et isp. nov. A. Typical cluster, including the holotype (arrow), visible on the inner side of an Inoceramus bivalve shell from the upper Campanian of Kronsmoor, Germany, prior to epoxy casting. B–C. SEM planar and oblique views of the holotype in respective epoxy cast, showing initial point of entry (arrow) and slender distal galleries (to the right); surrounded by etching pattern of polygonal shell microstructure as well as granular microborings. D. Paratype with less distinct and shallower central area. E. Initial ontogenetic stage. F–G. Incipient and transmission light micrographs of a shell showing traces in various ontogenetic stages. H. Detail of F showing a mature specimen with six radiating lobes and peripheral filaments following the boundaries of the polygonal crystallites of the prismatic shell layer.	2017-12-29	Wisshak, Max		Zenodo	biologists	Wisshak, Max			
