identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8F7B87F9CF10EB7C8DD3D5B4FC61910F.text	8F7B87F9CF10EB7C8DD3D5B4FC61910F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orinomana Strand 1934	<div><p>Orinomana Strand, 1934</p><p>Orinomus [preoccupied] Chamberlin 1916: 206. Type species by original designation and monotypy O. lamprus Chamberlin, 1916, op. cit.</p><p>Orinomana Strand 1934: 273 . New name for Orinomus Chamberlin 1916, preoccupied. Opell 1979: 498.</p><p>Note. The type species, Orinomus lamprus was synonymized by Opell (1979) with Uloborus bituberculatus Keyserling, 1882 .</p><p>Diagnosis. Orinomana species share with those of Waitkera Opell, 1979, Sybota, Miagrammopes and Hyptiotes, the PLE on prominent tubercles; differ from Miagrammopes in having anterior eyes, from Hyptiotes in lacking the anterior cephalic narrowness (Opell 1979, fig. 55), and from the remaining two genera by having a peaked, humped abdomen (Figs. 2 B; Opell 1979, fig. 122; Grismado 2000, figs. 2, 7) rather than oval or projecting (Opell 1979, figs. 24, 102, 110, 116; Grismado 2001, fig. 3). Orinomana females have entelegyne genitalia, while Waitkera is haplogyne, and Sybota is intermediate between the two conditions (Grismado 2001). Males are easily recognized by the complex, branched embolus (Figs. 1, 3, 7).</p><p>Description. For female see Opell (1979). Male: carapace oval,&gt;1.1 times longer than wide, ocular area not elevated from carapace. Both eye rows recurved, MOQ near 1.6 times longer than wide, ocular area occupying almost 80% of cephalic width. Eyes subequal, except the ALE, the smallest; PME separated by about three times their diameter; clypeus height&gt;1.6 times the AME eyes diameter. Legs: femora I around 1.5 times the carapace length; macrosetae of legs I: femora: 2 prolateral, 4 ventral prolateral; tibiae: 2 retrolateral, 2 prolateral, 3–4 dorsal prolateral, 2 dorsal; metatarsi: 3 prolateral, 3–4 retrolateral. Abdomen with two conspicuous anterodorsal humps. For coloration, see species descriptions.</p><p>Palp: tibiae unmodified, cymbium distally notched. Bulb: subtegulum discoidal, tegulum as an apparently incomplete ring, leaving a ventral area less sclerotized; its retrolateral side with a differently wrinkled texture. On the prolateral side articulates the small median apophysis, conductor distally articulated, larger than the MA. Embolus highly modified, with 3–4 branches to different directions. For specific details, see under species descriptions.</p><p>Composition and distribution. Seven known species from western South America, mostly in Andean regions (Fig. 9): O. florezi n. sp. from Colombia, O. penelope n. sp. from Ecuador, O. bituberculata (Keyserling 1881) from Peru and Ecuador, O. viracocha n. sp. from Peru, O. mana Opell 1979 from northern Chile, and O. galianoae Grismado 2000, and O. ascha Grismado 2000 from northwestern Argentina.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F7B87F9CF10EB7C8DD3D5B4FC61910F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grismado, Cristian J.;Rubio, Gonzalo D.	Grismado, Cristian J., Rubio, Gonzalo D. (2015): Three new species and the first known males of the Andean spider genus Orinomana Strand (Araneae, Uloboridae). Zootaxa 4052 (2): 201-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.4
8F7B87F9CF10EB768DD3D20AFC5590A6.text	8F7B87F9CF10EB768DD3D20AFC5590A6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orinomana penelope	<div><p>Orinomana penelope new species .</p><p>(Figs. 1, 2A–D, 3, 4)</p><p>Types. Female holotype, four males and three females paratypes (together with six juveniles) from Ecuador, Cuenca, " April 3, [19]42 (DLF - HEF)", deposited in CAS. Prep. CJG-00088.</p><p>Etymology. The species epithet, a noun in apposition, is taken the mythological character Penelope, wife of Odysseus, who waited many years for the return of her husband from the Trojan war. The name alludes to the long time that arachnologists have waited to find the males of Orionama</p><p>Diagnosis. The epigynum of O. penelope resembles that of O. mana and O. ascha (Fig. 4 D, Opell 1979, fig. 126; Grismado 2000, fig. 8) in having a median projection; but that projection is broader than those of the other two species; it also differs by the internal genitalia, having bilobate anterior and posterior spermathecae (Fig. 4 F).</p><p>Males are distinguished by having four branches of the embolus, two hooked projections on the median apophysis, and by the conductor pointing to forward (Figs. 3 B, F).</p><p>Description. Female holotype: Total length 3.04, carapace length 1.20, sternum length 0.76, abdomen height 1.96. Leg I: femur length 1.58, tibia length 1.20, metatarsus length 1.26, tarsus length 0.54. Carapace brown with a medial yellowish strip between median eyes and posterior margin of prosoma; two irregular dark spots at sides of fovea; eyes bordered by dark rings. Chelicerae yellowish, endites and labium light brown with distal parts whitish; sternum brown with darker margins. Legs light brown with diffuse dark bands, more conspicuous in legs III and IV; femora-patellae-tibiae I with dark brown prolateral surfaces. Abdomen whitish yellow with a grayish brown band on cardiac area, bordered by a thin, white line in front to the humps. Ventrally uniform light brown. Epigynum with a broad median projection posteriorly directed (Fig. 4 D); anterior spermathecae with two terminal rounded lobes, posterior spermathecae with two consecutive lobes; fertilization ducts arise from the dorsal one; copulatory ducts connected to the more ventral lobe of posterior spermathecae, near the constriction that lead to the anterior spermathecae (Fig. 4 F). In posterior view are visible the copulatory openings (as two dark spots) and two pairs of lateral sclerotized elements (Fig. 4 E).</p><p>Male paratype: Total length 2.28, carapace length 0.94, sternum length 0.56, abdomen height 1.00. Leg I: femur length 1.40, tibia length 1.18, metatarsus length 1.34, tarsus length 0.38. Color: as female except by the follows: carapace slightly lighter, endites and labium yellowish; sternum yellowish with dark grey borders; dorsum of abdomen whitish with a diffuse grey band on cardiac area; tenuous transversal bands posterior to the humps; in front to its and on the sides of abdomen there are few, small and irregularly spaced grey spots. Ventrally uniform whitish, except the grey epigastrium and two tenuous paraxial grey bands posterior to it. Palp (Figs. 1, 3, 4A–C): As for the genus (see above) in general aspects; median apophysis with two pointed projections, one smaller, basal, and other large, hook-shaped (Fig. 3 A, B, F); conductor forwardly oriented, with a distal incision; embolus with four branches, one backwardly curved, looped, ribbon-shaped, that ends touching the embolus origin (b1), one distal, with the ejaculatory duct (b2), and two diverging, one more basally, pointed (b4) and other subdistal, more flattened, with rounded tip (b3).</p><p>Variation. The three paratype females have a general lighter coloration, with less conspicuous designs on abdomen and carapace than those of the holotype. Two males have darker general coloration, with abdomen more lavishly spotted in dorsum and sides, and have darker and more notorious the longitudinal post-epigastric grey bands in venter.</p><p>Material examined. Only the type series.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality, in Cuenca, Ecuador.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F7B87F9CF10EB768DD3D20AFC5590A6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grismado, Cristian J.;Rubio, Gonzalo D.	Grismado, Cristian J., Rubio, Gonzalo D. (2015): Three new species and the first known males of the Andean spider genus Orinomana Strand (Araneae, Uloboridae). Zootaxa 4052 (2): 201-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.4
8F7B87F9CF1BEB778DD3D4F5FC17932B.text	8F7B87F9CF1BEB778DD3D4F5FC17932B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orinomana viracocha	<div><p>Orinomana viracocha new species</p><p>(Figs. 2 E–F, 6D–F)</p><p>Types. Female holotype and three females paratypes from Peru, Río Lurín, near Lima, 50 m, leg. Weyrauch (Exline - Peck collection donated to CAS), deposited in CAS.</p><p>Etymology. Noun in apposition. Named after Viracocha, the god of creation for the Incas.</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of O. viracocha are distinguished by other congeneric species by the shape of the epigynum: two short lobes united at middle by a membranose lamina that point backwards (Fig. 6 D). It is also clearly separate by the broad area connecting the anterior and posterior spermathecae (Fig. 6 F).</p><p>Description. Female (holotype): Total length 2.80, carapace length 1.02, sternum length 0.74, abdomen height 1.94. Leg I: femur length 1.40, tibia length 0.92, metatarsus length 1.04, tarsus length 0.44. Carapace light brown with a medial dorsal yellowish stripe between median eyes and posterior prosoma’s margin, along two broad, diffuse, lighter paraxial bands; two irregular dark spots posterior to the fovea, diverging to the front. Eyes on whitish yellow areas; thin radial dark lines at sides (Fig. 2 E). Chelicerae, labium and endites distally yellowish, proximally light brown. Sternum light brown with slightly darker margins. Legs yellowish with irregular brown bands, this dark pigment is more extensive in prolateral surfaces of femora-patellae-tibiae I. Abdomen very high, yellowish, with a cardiac brown band; two tenuous transversal dark bands posterior to the humps, humps quite separate; small and sparse spots on sides, slightly more visible on caudal areas. Ventrally uniform yellowish.</p><p>Genitalia: Epigynum with two lateral lobes and a median translucent lamina pointing backwards (Fig. 6 D); two pairs of spermathecae, lacking constriction between anterior and posterior ones, that are broadly connected; copulatory ducts lead to the anterior spermathecae (Fig. 6 F).</p><p>Variability: Two female specimens show abdomen not so high, generally darker coloration, with more conspicuous pattern in legs, sternum dark brown with light spots, darker dorsum and sides marbled nevertheless, the carapace design is identical to those of the holotype.</p><p>Material examined. Only the type series.</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality, in Lima, Peru.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F7B87F9CF1BEB778DD3D4F5FC17932B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grismado, Cristian J.;Rubio, Gonzalo D.	Grismado, Cristian J., Rubio, Gonzalo D. (2015): Three new species and the first known males of the Andean spider genus Orinomana Strand (Araneae, Uloboridae). Zootaxa 4052 (2): 201-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.4
8F7B87F9CF1BEB758DD3D0E4FBCF97E1.text	8F7B87F9CF1BEB758DD3D0E4FBCF97E1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orinomana florezi	<div><p>Orinomana florezi new species</p><p>(Figs. 5 E–F, 6G–I)</p><p>Types. Female holotype from Colombia, Departamento del Valle de Cauca, Parque Nacional Las Hermosas, Laguna Santa Teresa, 3° 31’N, 75° 59’W, 3500 m, IX 1994, col. E. Flórez. Deposited in ICN-AR (# 1254), prep. CJG-00167.</p><p>Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Eduardo Flórez (ICN), collector of the type series.</p><p>Diagnosis. Females of O. florezi are recognized by the triangular epigynal plate with a small incision on the posterior median border (Fig. 6 G). The spermathecae are very similar to those of O. bituberculata, but the copulatory ducts are shorter, and arise from the posterior spermathecae instead from the constriction area (Fig. 6 I; Opell 1979, fig. 125).</p><p>Description. Female (holotype): Total length 3.84, carapace length 1.44, sternum length 0.94, abdomen height 2.68. Leg I: femur length 1.68, tibia length 1.12, metatarsus length 1.34, tarsus length 0.58. Carapace brown with a medial dorsal yellowish stripe from the ocular area to back and two irregular dark spots in front to the fovea. Eyes on dark rings, the lateral ones on yellowish areas. Chelicerae, labium and endites distally whitish, proximally light brown. Sternum pale orange-brown with two anterior, oblique darker spots. Legs yellowish with irregular, diffused brown bands, this dark pigment is more extensive in prolateral surfaces of femora-patellae-tibiae I. Abdomen very high, whitish grey, with a cardiac dark band between the pedicel and the dorsal humps; posterior to the humps, diffuse dark transversal marks, slightly more evident on caudal area. Ventrally uniform yellowish.</p><p>Genitalia: Epigynal plate nearly triangular, with the posterior margin medially incised (Fig. 6 G); fertilization ducts arise from the junction area of the anterior and posterior spermathecae, meanwhile the copulatory ducts open in the posterior pair (Fig. 6 I).</p><p>Variability: The other adult female specimen show a lighter cardiac band, the abdominal pattern more marbled at sides, and the bands on legs are more dark and conspicuous, specially, the brown bands in distal metatarsi.</p><p>Material examined. One immature (same data as the holotype) and one female and four immatures –two of these are subadult males- (same data, ICN-AR 1239).</p><p>Distribution. Only known from the type locality, in Valle de Cauca, Colombia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F7B87F9CF1BEB758DD3D0E4FBCF97E1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grismado, Cristian J.;Rubio, Gonzalo D.	Grismado, Cristian J., Rubio, Gonzalo D. (2015): Three new species and the first known males of the Andean spider genus Orinomana Strand (Araneae, Uloboridae). Zootaxa 4052 (2): 201-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.4
8F7B87F9CF19EB738DD3D2CDFCED967C.text	8F7B87F9CF19EB738DD3D2CDFCED967C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orinomana ascha Grismado 2000	<div><p>Orinomana ascha Grismado, 2000</p><p>(Figs. 5 A–D, 6A–C, 7, 8)</p><p>O. ascha . Grismado 1999 (2000): 299, figs. 6–11. Female holotype from Argentina: la Rioja; Arauco Department: Ascha, March 1994, G. Cáceres Freyre leg. (MACN-Ar 2136, examined).</p><p>Additional material examined (new records). ARGENTINA: Tucumán: Camping de Cochuna, S 27º19.346' W 65º.55.430' (GPS, +- 10m), elev. 1261 m (GPS), 19 Feb. 2013, selva de yungas, colecta manual nocturna, G.D.Rubio, H.A.Iuri, A.Ojanguren, A. Porta &amp; R. Adilardi (GDR-loc 16), 2 m (MACN-Ar 30760, photos GDR DSC 0023-0066), 1 m (MACN-Ar 30766, prep. CJG 1457, GDR 0328), 1 m (MACN-Ar 30761, photos GDR DSC 0056-0065), 3 f, 1 j (MACN-Ar 30765), 1 j (MACN-Ar 30764), 2 j (MACN-Ar 30763); Río Cochuna, 0 9 Apr. 2011, G.D.Rubio &amp; C.Argañaraz, 2 h (MACN-Ar 30762, prep. GDR 0329).</p><p>Diagnosis. Males are distinguished by having three branches in the embolus, by the median apophysis with only one pointed projection, by the conductor pointing to the prolateral side, and a conical, dark protrusion on the center of the tegulum (Figs. 6 A–C, 7). For females see Grismado (2000).</p><p>Description. Male (MACN-Ar 30766): Total length 3.40, carapace length 1.44, sternum length 0.88, abdomen height 1.60. Leg I: femur length 2.32, tibia length 2.12, metatarsus length 2.36, tarsus length 0.76. Carapace brown with a medial dorsal yellowish stripe from the ocular area to back, wider between the posterior median eyes. Dark rings surround the anterior eyes and yellow rings the lateral eyes. Chelicerae, labium and endites distally pale yellow, proximally light brown. Sternum brown with a medial yellowish band. Legs yellowish with irregular, diffused brown bands, this dark pigment is more extensive on femora-patellae-tibiae I. Abdomen very high, brown, with a cardiac dark band between the pedicel and the dorsal humps, and profusely dotted with guanine deposits; posterior to the humps, the light stops are more definitely aligned to, the caudal area. Ventrally brown with the light spots larger than dorsum and sides. Epiandrum region reddish brown. All the body covered by abundant, light setae; on the ventral parts, light setae mixed with black setae.</p><p>Palp (Figs. 6 A–C, 7): As for the genus (see above) in general aspects; tegulum with a remarkable, dark, conical protrusion in the center (black arrows in fig. 7); median apophysis with only one pointed projection; conductor massive, transversely oriented; embolus with three branches, one backwardly looped, ribbon-shaped, that ends touching the embolus origin (b1), one distal, with the ejaculatory duct (b2), and other pointed, forwardly directed (b3).</p><p>Variability: Two males have darker general coloration, with guanine deposits more concentrated along paraxial white bands on the dorsum and the venter of abdomen.</p><p>Distribution. La Rioja and Tucumán Provinces, Argentina.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F7B87F9CF19EB738DD3D2CDFCED967C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Grismado, Cristian J.;Rubio, Gonzalo D.	Grismado, Cristian J., Rubio, Gonzalo D. (2015): Three new species and the first known males of the Andean spider genus Orinomana Strand (Araneae, Uloboridae). Zootaxa 4052 (2): 201-214, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.4
