identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8E6487BBFFE4FF95FF55F8E9FE4A041C.text	8E6487BBFFE4FF95FF55F8E9FE4A041C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Celiasis Laporte 1840	<div><p>Celiasis Laporte, 1840: 263.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus mirabilis Laporte, 1840. Remarks</p> <p>The genus name Celiasis has not been used except in old literature and catalogues (Bourgeois, 1883; Kleine, 1933; Blackwelder, 1945). This genus was proposed in a short note attached to the description of Lycus mirabilis Laporte, 1840 from Columbia. Laporte (1840) characterized it as an insect with a triangular head terminating in a point, an almost rectangular pronotum and dilated, convex elytra. The original specimen was in Laporte’s collection destroyed in 1843 (Evenhuis, 2012), and we do not have access to any Columbian species resembling Celiasis mirabilis Laporte, 1840 because this genus has never been reported again. Its distribution and phenetic similarity raise the possibility that Neolycus and Celiasis are congeneric. Given that we cannot designate the neotype, which would be necessary for the stability of the nomenclature, we have to keep this taxon as a nomen dubium in the classification. Only new specimens from Columbia can provide further information about its relationships to other Neotropical genera.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E6487BBFFE4FF95FF55F8E9FE4A041C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kusy, Dominik;Motyka, Michal;Fusek, Lukas;Li, Yun;Bocek, Matej;Bilkova, Renata;Ruskova, Michaela;Bocak, Ladislav	Kusy, Dominik, Motyka, Michal, Fusek, Lukas, Li, Yun, Bocek, Matej, Bilkova, Renata, Ruskova, Michaela, Bocak, Ladislav (2021): Sexually dimorphic characters and shared aposematic patterns mislead the morphology-based classification of the Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (3): 902, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa055, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/3/902/5876637
8E6487BBFFF8FF8AFF55FB02FBFD063A.text	8E6487BBFFF8FF8AFF55FB02FBFD063A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haplolycus Bourgeois 1883	<div><p>Haplolycus Bourgeois, 1883: 62.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus congener Gerstaecker, 1871.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Haplolycus is an African endemic, but resembles in the shape of elytra Oriental Lycostomus and Lipernes (Fig. 7P, Q). It differs in the very long, slender, straight phallus with weakly emarginate apex (Fig. 7 AM –AR). Unlike Lycus, the males and females of Haplolycus are similar and do not differ in the shape of elytra.</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Adults: Body slender. Head rostrate. Rostrum short to moderately long, often very stout. Pronotum widest at base, variable in shape. Elytra without sexual dimorphism, moderately dilated posteriorly in both sexes, with four indistinct costae in each elytron (Fig. 7P, Q, V–Y). Male genitalia without thorns, very slender, only weakly emarginate at apex and without membranous ventral part apically (Fig. 7 AM –AR).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Afrotropical region (Fig. 5A).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The identification of Haplolycus is complicated by the unavailability of the type of Haplolycus congener. Using the information in the original description and identified specimens in collections localized by J. Turzanski, we assign to Haplolycus the species without sexual dimorphism and with a very long, slender, straight phallus with weakly emarginate apex (Fig. 7 AM –AR). Haplolycus and Lycostomus share a similar shape of elytra, and they differ only in the form of male genitalia. These genera are allopatrically distributed and differently coloured owing to membership of specific local mimetic complexes. Therefore, investigation of male genitalia is not needed for the generic identification.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E6487BBFFF8FF8AFF55FB02FBFD063A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kusy, Dominik;Motyka, Michal;Fusek, Lukas;Li, Yun;Bocek, Matej;Bilkova, Renata;Ruskova, Michaela;Bocak, Ladislav	Kusy, Dominik, Motyka, Michal, Fusek, Lukas, Li, Yun, Bocek, Matej, Bilkova, Renata, Ruskova, Michaela, Bocak, Ladislav (2021): Sexually dimorphic characters and shared aposematic patterns mislead the morphology-based classification of the Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (3): 902, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa055, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/3/902/5876637
8E6487BBFFFEFF8AFCEDFBAAFDD60620.text	8E6487BBFFFEFF8AFCEDFBAAFDD60620.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lipernes Waterhouse 1879	<div><p>Lipernes Waterhouse 1879: 9.</p> <p>Type species: Lipernes perspectus Waterhouse, 1879.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>L i p e r n e s i s s i m i l a r t o Ly c o s t o m u s i n g e n e r a l appearance (Fig. 7A–O), and these genera differ in the shape of male genitalia. Lipernes has a robust phallus with simple apex or vertical cleft (Fig. 7 AA–AR).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Adults: Body slender. Head mostly concealed by pronotum, rostrate. Rostrum short to moderately long, often very stout. Pronotum widest at base, with rectangular to slightly projected posterior angles, variable in shape. Elytra without sexual dimorphism, moderately dilated posteriorly in both sexes, with four indistinct costae in each elytron (Fig. 7A–O, R–U).</p> <p>fernandezi (Dugès), general appearance, male. T, ditto, female. U, Rhyncheros sp., general appearance, male. V, Rhyncheros loripes (Chevrolat), general appearance, male. W, Rhyncheros sp. 1. X, Rhyncheros sp. 3, male. Y, N. fernandezi, head and prothorax, dorsally. Z, ditto, ventrally. AA, Rhyncheros loripes (Chevrolat); head and prothorax, ventrally. AB–AG, male genitalia. AB, N. arizonensis (Green), ventrally. AC, N. fernandezi (Dugès), dorsally. AD, ditto, laterally. AE, Rhyncheros sp. 1, laterally. AF, ditto, ventrally. AG, Rhyncheros sp. 3, dorsally. Scale bars: 3 mm (A, S, X); 1 mm (C); 0.5 mm (B, D– R, Y–AG).</p> <p>Male genitalia without any thorns, with membranous ventral part apically; simple apex and in most species dilated basally, with translucent windows at base and ventral sclerotized keel (Fig. 7 AA–AR).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>East Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Fig. 5A).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The concept of Lycostomus has been very wide and merged all Nearctic, Neotropical, Palaearctic and Oriental Lycini without pronounced sexual polymorphism in the shape of elytra (Figs 6U–X, 7A–Q). The Neotropical and Nearctic species have to be transferred from Lycostomus to Rhyncheros. Palaearctic and Oriental species represent two independent lineages and must be placed in redefined Lipernes and Lycostomus. We found that the species of the deeply rooted Asian clade (Fig. 2) have genitalia similar to those of Lipernes perspectus Waterhouse, 1879. Therefore, we use the name Lipernes for the designation of this clade. Lipernes and Lycostomus occur sympatrically, and they can be distinguished only using male genitalia (Fig. 7 AA–AR). Their general appearance is similar; most species are red or red and black in colour (Figs 7A–Z, 8A–O). The length of the apical palpomere, which was originally used as a diagnostic character, is variable in Lipernes, as has been noted already by Kazantsev (1993).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E6487BBFFFEFF8AFCEDFBAAFDD60620	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kusy, Dominik;Motyka, Michal;Fusek, Lukas;Li, Yun;Bocek, Matej;Bilkova, Renata;Ruskova, Michaela;Bocak, Ladislav	Kusy, Dominik, Motyka, Michal, Fusek, Lukas, Li, Yun, Bocek, Matej, Bilkova, Renata, Ruskova, Michaela, Bocak, Ladislav (2021): Sexually dimorphic characters and shared aposematic patterns mislead the morphology-based classification of the Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (3): 902, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa055, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/3/902/5876637
8E6487BBFFF8FF89FC50FB0DFC4D004A.text	8E6487BBFFF8FF89FC50FB0DFC4D004A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycostomus Motschulsky 1861	<div><p>LYCOSTOMUS MOTSCHULSKY, 1861</p> <p>Lycostomus Motschulsky, 1861: 136.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus similis Hope, 1831.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Lycostomus is similar to Lipernes in general appearance, and these genera differ in the shape of the male genitalia. Lycostomus has a very slender and long phallus with an emarginate apex and ventro-apical membranous part.</p> <p>Lipernes sp. 12, female. P, Haplolycus sp. 6, male. Q, Haplolycus sp. 1, male. R–Y, prothorax and head. R, Lipernes sp. 5; ventrally. S, Lipernes sp. 3, dorsally. T, Lipernes sp. 2, ventrally. U, Lipernes sp. 12, ventrally. V, Haplolycus sp. 1, ventrally. W, X, Haplolycus sp. 6, dorsally. Y, ditto, ventrally. Z, Lipernes sp., abdominal terminal segments, female. AA–AR, male genitalia, dorsal and lateral views. AA, AB, Lipernes sp. 1. AC, AD, Lipernes sp. 5. AE, Lipernes sp. 6. AF, Lipernes sp. 14. AG, AH, Lipernes sp. 12. AI, AJ, Lipernes perspectus Waterhouse. AK, AL, Haplolycus sp. 6. AM, AN, Haplolycus sp. 1. AO, AP, Haplolycus sp. 2. AQ, AR, Haplolycus sp. 4. Scale bars: 3 mm (A–Q), 1 mm (O–AR).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Adults: Body slender. Head rostrate. Rostrum short to moderately long, often very stout. Pronotum widest at base, variable in shape. Elytra without sexual dimorphism, moderately dilated posteriorly in both sexes, with four indistinct costae in each elytron (Fig. 8A–O). Male genitalia without thorns, very slender, emarginate at apex and sometimes with membranous ventral part apically (Fig. 8P–R).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Eastern part of the Palaearctic region (Russian Far East, southern Siberia, Korea, China, northern Pakistan and Afghanistan), western part of the</p> <p>Palaearctic region (Fig. 5A; Turkey, one sp. and Algeria, one sp.).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Lycostomus is phenotypically very similar to Lipernes, and both genera occur sympatrically in southern and Southeast Asia. The genera differ only in the shape of male genitalia, and both of them need revision to solve the placement of the species earlier placed in Lycostomus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E6487BBFFF8FF89FC50FB0DFC4D004A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kusy, Dominik;Motyka, Michal;Fusek, Lukas;Li, Yun;Bocek, Matej;Bilkova, Renata;Ruskova, Michaela;Bocak, Ladislav	Kusy, Dominik, Motyka, Michal, Fusek, Lukas, Li, Yun, Bocek, Matej, Bilkova, Renata, Ruskova, Michaela, Bocak, Ladislav (2021): Sexually dimorphic characters and shared aposematic patterns mislead the morphology-based classification of the Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (3): 902, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa055, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/3/902/5876637
8E6487BBFFFBFF96FCFFFDBDFECC048B.text	8E6487BBFFFBFF96FCFFFDBDFECC048B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lycus Fabricius 1787	<div><p>Lycus Fabricius, 1787: 163.</p> <p>Type species: Pyrochroa palliata Fabricius, 1775. = Acantholycus Bourgeois, 1883, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus praemorsus Dalman, 1817. = Demosis Waterhouse 1879, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Demosis peltatus Waterhouse, 1879. = Hololycus Bourgeois, 1883, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus intermedius Bourgeois, 1884. = Lopholycus Bourgeois, 1883, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus raffrai Bourgeois, 1877. = Chlamydolycus Bourgeois, 1883, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus trabeatus Guérin-Méneville, 1835. = Merolycus Bourgeois, 1883, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus rostratus Linnaeus, 1767. = Concavolycu s Marie, 1968, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus maublanci Pic, 1933. = Alycus Rafinesque, 1815 (objective synonym).</p> <p>Type species: Pyrochroa palliata Fabricius, 1775.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Lycus is highly variable in the shape of elytra (e.g. Figs 9–11), and most shapes are unique in the whole family. Most Lycus have, unlike Haplolycus, a short, robust phallus (Figs 9P – AM, 10 T –AA). If the phallus is slender, then its apex is simple and without any cleft (Fig. 11R–T).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Adults: Body slender. Head rostrate. Rostrum short to moderately long. Pronotum widest at base, with rectangular to slightly projected posterior angles, variable in shape. Elytra exhibit sexual dimorphism in most species, eventually moderately dilated posteriorly, with four indistinct costae in each elytron (Figs 9A–O, 10A–S, 11A–P). Male genitalia without thorns; phallus often with terminal processes (Figs 9P – AM, 10 T –AA, 11 R – T).</p> <p>Morphological diversity of Lycus: There are several conspicuous types of elytra in Lycus that can be described in detail. The ‘ Acantholycus -type’ clade (Supporting Information, Fig. S1) contains species with the widened male elytra and elevated costa 3, which is sometimes projected at humeri in a thorn (Fig. 9E, I, J). The female elytra have a strong costa 3 but never any thorn, and their elytra are slender (Fig. 9D, H, L). The males display another trait, which has not been identified in other Lycini: the apical part of the elytra is projected in a posterolateral thorn, which marks the obtusely ‘cut’ apex (Fig. 9E, G). These elytra resemble the silhouette of resting moths, which commonly resemble Lycini and Calopterini (L. Bocak, field observation). We do not know whether the mimetic moths are palatable and how commonly they co-occur in the range of these species of Lycus. The Müllerian mimics should resemble each other, meaning that the unique shape of the Acantholycus -like elytron is a result of coevolution (either convergence or advergence, depending on the number of individuals and numerical dominance of co-mimics; Sherratt, 2008).</p> <p>The ‘ Merolycus type’ is represented by Lycus sp. 51, with flat, leaf-shaped male elytra (Fig. 10K–M) and inconspicuously modified female elytra (Fig. 10N–Q).</p> <p>The ‘ Chlamydolycus type’ is a clade of several closely related species that have extremely flat elytra with an apical process (Fig. 9J, K). These species have weak but apparent irregular transverse costae in elytra, and these resemble the venation of small, yellowish leaves of some shrubs in African savannahs (L. Bocak, field observation in Ethiopia). Although they are potentially inconspicuous when sparsely distributed on leaves, these beetles aggregate on flowers and are clearly visible from a distance.</p> <p>The ‘ Lycus type’ contains species with globular elytra (Fig. 9C). As in other species, the females have much narrower elytra (Fig. 9D).</p> <p>The terminal ‘ Lopholycus -type’ clade contains variable species, some of them with posteriorly widened male elytra and some with a thorn in the middle of the costa (Fig. 11A–F). A protective function can be expected if a thorn is short and sharp (Fig. 11B), but long, curved and weakly sclerotized thorns in some species can hardly have such a function (Figs 10R, 11Q).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>Afrotropical region (Fig. 5A).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Most species can be assigned to subgenera described by earlier authors using external morphological characters and with the shape of male genitalia. For example, the males of Acantholycus have the humeral part of costa 3 projected in a thorn, which can be long and acute (Fig. 9E, I, K) and simultaneously, the species with such modified costa have the phallus with two finger-like processes (Fig. 9Z – AI). We could delimit a subgenus with these characters if we did not find several related species which do not have either the thorn in the elytron or the widened apical part of the phallus or both these characters (Fig. 9A–D, P–Y). We face a similar problem in the delimitation of other subgenera, and therefore, we prefer to discard all these subgenera from the formal classification. If subgenera were to be accepted in the current form, it would be necessary to merge unrelated, deeply rooted species in a polyphyletic subgenus that lacks the distinct characters of the members of terminal lineages.</p> <p>Demosis peltatus Waterhouse, 1879 was described from Botswana, and its genitalia indicate the relationships with Lycus. We propose that Demosis Waterhouse 1879 should be synonymized with Lycus Fabricius, 1801.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E6487BBFFFBFF96FCFFFDBDFECC048B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kusy, Dominik;Motyka, Michal;Fusek, Lukas;Li, Yun;Bocek, Matej;Bilkova, Renata;Ruskova, Michaela;Bocak, Ladislav	Kusy, Dominik, Motyka, Michal, Fusek, Lukas, Li, Yun, Bocek, Matej, Bilkova, Renata, Ruskova, Michaela, Bocak, Ladislav (2021): Sexually dimorphic characters and shared aposematic patterns mislead the morphology-based classification of the Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (3): 902, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa055, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/3/902/5876637
8E6487BBFFFCFF8CFCEDFBD1FF740052.text	8E6487BBFFFCFF8CFCEDFBD1FF740052.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neolycus Bourgeois 1883	<div><p>Neolycus Bourgeois, 1883: 61.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus schoenherri Chevrolat, 1834.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Neolycus is the only New World genus with two thorns in the middle part of the phallus (Fig. AB –AD). Additionally, it differs from Rhyncheros in having wide male elytra (Fig. 6S, T). There is no character available to distinguish Neolycus and Celiasis, and the latter might be congeneric with Neolycus.</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Adults: Body slender. Head mostly concealed by pronotum, with long, slender rostrum (Fig. 6Z); pronotum widest at base, with projected posterior angles (Fig. 6Y). Sexually dimorphic; male with considerably dilated and convex elytra, female with moderately dilated elytra; both sexes with four indistinct costae in each elytron (Fig. 6S, T); male genitalia with a pair of ventral thorns around their mid-length (Fig. 6 AB –AD).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>USA (south and southwest), Mexico and Peru (Fig. 5A; Kleine, 1933; Bocakova et al., 2015).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Since its proposal, Neolycus has been cited only in the catalogues of North American and Mexican netwinged beetles and usually placed as a subgenus of Lycus (Kleine, 1933; Green, 1949; Zaragoza- Caballero, 1996; Pérez-Hernández et al., 2019). As Neolycus was recovered in a distant position from Lycus, it has to obtain the genus rank, and no Lycus occurs in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions after the proposed changes in the Lycini classification (Fig. 5A).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E6487BBFFFCFF8CFCEDFBD1FF740052	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kusy, Dominik;Motyka, Michal;Fusek, Lukas;Li, Yun;Bocek, Matej;Bilkova, Renata;Ruskova, Michaela;Bocak, Ladislav	Kusy, Dominik, Motyka, Michal, Fusek, Lukas, Li, Yun, Bocek, Matej, Bilkova, Renata, Ruskova, Michaela, Bocak, Ladislav (2021): Sexually dimorphic characters and shared aposematic patterns mislead the morphology-based classification of the Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (3): 902, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa055, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/3/902/5876637
8E6487BBFFFEFF8CFF55FD4BFC670644.text	8E6487BBFFFEFF8CFF55FD4BFC670644.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhyncheros LeConte 1881	<div><p>Rhyncheros LeConte, 1881: 17.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus sanguinipennis Say, 1823.</p> <p>= Thoracocalon Bourgeois, 1883, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus adumbratus Bourgeois, 1877.</p> <p>= Lyconotus Green, 1949, syn. nov.</p> <p>Type species: Lycus lateralis Melsheimer, 1846 (not Lycus semiustus Chevrolat, 1834, designated by Zaragoza-Caballero, 1996).</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Rhyncheros contains all New World Lycini without the sexually dimorphic shape of elytra (Fig. 6U–X). Besides, it differs from Neolycus in the absence of thorns in the middle part of the phallus (Fig. 6 AE –A G).</p> <p>Redescription</p> <p>Adults: Body slender.Head mostly concealed by pronotum, rostrate. Rostrum long. Pronotum widest at base, with projected posterior angles. Elytra without sexual dimorphism, moderately dilated posteriorly in both sexes; four indistinct costae in each elytron (Fig. 6U–X). Male genitalia without any thorns around, with membranous ventral part apically and simple apex (Fig. 6 AE – AG).</p> <p>Distribution</p> <p>N e a r c t i c r e g i o n a n d t h e n o r t h e r n p a r t o f t h e Neotropical region (Fig. 5A); Mesoamerica, Columbia (two spp.), Ecuador (two spp.), and French Guiana and north-eastern Brazil (one sp.) (Kleine, 1933).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Rhyncheros, a long-overlooked genus, was placed in Dictyopterini by Kleine (1933) and later transferred into the Lycini as a synonym of Lycus (Green, 1949). The type species, Rhyncheros sanguinipennis, was placed in the subgenus Lycostomus. The current analysis recovered that Lycus occurs only in the Afrotropical region and Lycostomus in the Palaearctic and Oriental regions (Fig. 5A). Rhyncheros, Celiasis and Neolycus are valid names for the Nearctic and Neotropical Lycini, and further available genus-rank names are Lyconotus and Thoracocalon. We compared the structure of genitalia of R. sanguinipennis, the type species of Rhyncheros, and Lycus lateralis, the type species of Lyconotus, and they indicate close relationships of these species. Based on recovered relationships of Nearctic species (Fig. 2), we propose that Lyconotus should be considered a younger subjective synonym of Rhyncheros. Thoracocalon is the name last used in the Lycini classification in the late 19 th century, and the type species was unavailable for the present study. The genus differs from other Lycini in having widened lateral margins of the pronotum (Bourgeois, 1883). The slightly wider pronotum can also be observed in some Rhyncheros (Fig. 6U). Therefore, we propose that Thoracocalon should be synonymized with Rhyncheros.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E6487BBFFFEFF8CFF55FD4BFC670644	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Kusy, Dominik;Motyka, Michal;Fusek, Lukas;Li, Yun;Bocek, Matej;Bilkova, Renata;Ruskova, Michaela;Bocak, Ladislav	Kusy, Dominik, Motyka, Michal, Fusek, Lukas, Li, Yun, Bocek, Matej, Bilkova, Renata, Ruskova, Michaela, Bocak, Ladislav (2021): Sexually dimorphic characters and shared aposematic patterns mislead the morphology-based classification of the Lycini (Coleoptera: Lycidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 191 (3): 902, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa055, URL: https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/191/3/902/5876637
