identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5A740991E9867F22C178712DDBA9B23D.text	5A740991E9867F22C178712DDBA9B23D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br.	<div><p>Astelia Banks &amp; Sol. ex R.Br.</p> <p>Astelia Banks &amp; Sol. ex R.Br., Prodr. 291. 1810. nomen conservandum (International Botanical Congress and JH Wiersema 2015). Type: Astelia alpina R.Br.</p> <p>Funckia Willd., Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 2: 19. 1808, nomen rejiciendum. Type: Funckia magellanica Willdenow, nomen illegitimum (Melanthium pumilum G. Forster)</p> <p>Hamelinia A.Rich., Voy. Astrolabe 1: 158. 1832. Type: Hamelinia veratroides A.Rich.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Herbaceous perennials, terrestrial or epiphytic, often growing in clusters with three ramets in trigonal arrangement, some species turf-forming, rhizomatous, dioecious or polygamodioecious. Leaves: 3-ranked, linear, ensiform, or subulate; leaves usually keeled, margins erect or revolute; leaf sheath closed, with surface obscured by dense long white hairs; parallel venation, variously incrassate; tomentum composed of scales and lanate wool at base of scale stalk, scales with basal stalk or peltate. Inflorescence: a terminal panicle, sometimes reduced to a few flowers; lateral branches racemes or sub-panicles, subtended by foliaceous or membranous, linear or lanceolate spathes; peduncle tomentum composed of distinct, narrow scales with dense basal wool. Flowers: pedicillate; bracts membranous, linear or spathulate; perianth membranous or fleshy, 6 tepals in 2 series; connate at base into tube of variable length; outer tepals triangular to lanceolate, with three veins, scales present over entire surface; inner tepals linear with one midvein, scales present along midvein only. Staminate flowers: lobes recurved; stamens 6; filaments filamentous, adnate to tepals at base of tepal lobes; anthers elliptic or linear-hastate, dorsifixed and versatile or basifixed and immobile, latrorse; pistillode present, style undifferentiated or distinct; stigma not formed. Pistillate flowers: 6 reduced staminodes present, adnate to base of tepal lobes, filament filamentous, anthers flattened, sterile; ovary superior, uni- or trilocular, placentation parietal from three placentas or axile, with subapical placentas, ovules few to many; style distinct or undifferentiated, stigmas 3. Fruit: berry, stigma typically persistent. Seeds: black, obovoid, ellipsoid, fusiform, or polygonal; testa smooth or sculptured; funicle with mucilaginous funicular hairs poorly or well developed, funicle hairs surrounding the seeds and either adhering to the testa or not.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A740991E9867F22C178712DDBA9B23D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
F209DE48D59050BEB1CEB3F59ACD32FA.text	F209DE48D59050BEB1CEB3F59ACD32FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (Astelia)	<div><p>Astelia Banks &amp; Sol. ex R.Br. subg. Astelia</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Flowers with a very short perianth tube (0.1-0.8 mm); anthers dorsifixed, versatile; ovary unilocular; seeds ovoid; funicle long, curved, with mucilaginous funicular hairs poorly developed that surround but do not adhere to the seed.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Molecular (Birch et al. 2012) and morphology-based phylogenetic analyses (Birch unpublished PhD thesis 2011) indicate that Astelia subg. Astelia, as circumscribed by Skottsberg (1934), is polyphyletic. Astelia subg. Astelia is revised to include Astelia sect. Palaeastelia and Astelia sect. Astelia, which form a clade. Astelia sect. Desmoneuron is placed in a different clade and it is excluded from Astelia subg. Astelia.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F209DE48D59050BEB1CEB3F59ACD32FA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
8C400110787550D6A8CA4D92AF702040.text	8C400110787550D6A8CA4D92AF702040.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (sect. Astelia) sect. Astelia	<div><p>Astelia sect. Astelia</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Low, compact, growth form (including cushion or turf forming taxa); leaves, linear, ensiform, or subulate; reduced inflorescences bearing few flowers; staminate flowers with short filaments (0.5-1.6 mm); pistillate flowers with long outer tepals (4.5-7.0 mm); ovary unilocular, long (4.3-8.3 mm); fruit ovoid or oblong; few or many seeds per fruit (&lt;25), seeds short and narrow (1.1-2.0 × 0.5-1.3 mm).</p> <p>Included taxa and distribution.</p> <p>Australia Astelia alpina R.Br. var. alpina, Astelia alpina var. novae-hollandiae Skottsb. Indonesia (Papua Province), Papua New Guinea Astelia papuana Skottsb.. New Zealand Astelia linearis Hook.f. var. linearis, Astelia linearis var. novae-zelandiae Skottsb., Astelia subulata Cheeseman</p> <p>Habitat.</p> <p>Lowland (low latitudes) to sub-alpine (mid and higher latitudes) herb-fields particularly on wet substrates (seeps, swamps etc.).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C400110787550D6A8CA4D92AF702040	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
D55846A89BF55BB9B3FE71480D64FAE2.text	D55846A89BF55BB9B3FE71480D64FAE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (sect. Palaeastelia) Skottsb.	<div><p>Astelia sect. Palaeastelia Skottsb.</p> <p>Astelia sect. Palaeastelia Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 24. 1934.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Open growth form; leaves linear; large inflorescences bearing many flowers; staminate flowers with intermediate length filaments (1.7-4.6 mm); pistillate flowers with short outer tepals (2.3-4.4 mm); ovary unilocular, intermediate length (3.2-4.2 mm); fruit ovoid, many seeds per fruit (&lt;20); seed intermediate length and narrow (2.4-2.9 × 1.2-1.3 mm). Type: Astelia hemichrysa (Lam.) Kunth.</p> <p>Included species and distribution.</p> <p>Mascarene Islands, Réunion Island. Astelia hemichrysa (Lam.) Kunth</p> <p>Habitat.</p> <p>Tropical forest.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D55846A89BF55BB9B3FE71480D64FAE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
9748E82CB3DC5987839F98563D202ED9.text	9748E82CB3DC5987839F98563D202ED9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (Asteliopsis) Skottsb.	<div><p>Astelia subg. Asteliopsis Skottsb.</p> <p>Astelia subg. Asteliopsis Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 46. 1934.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Flowers with a short perianth tube (0.2-1.1 mm); anthers dorsifixed, versatile; ovary uni- (Astelia sect. Desmoneuron) or trilocular (Astelia sect. Isoneuron); seeds obovoid, obovoid-reniform, or turbinate-polygonal; funicle ribbed, mucilaginous funicular hairs well developed that surround but do not adhere to the seed; Type: Astelia trinervia Kirk, designated here.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Phylogenetic analyses indicate that Astelia subg. Asteliopsis, as circumscribed by Skottsberg (1934), is polyphyletic (Birch unpublished PhD thesis 2011, Birch et al. 2012). Astelia subg. Asteliopsis is revised to include Astelia sect. Isoneuron and Astelia sect. Desmoneuron, which form a clade. But, as Astelia sect. Periastelia, is placed in a different clade, it is excluded from Astelia subg. Asteliopsis.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9748E82CB3DC5987839F98563D202ED9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
BBADD93FF87C5142B86145CB0B2F880C.text	BBADD93FF87C5142B86145CB0B2F880C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (sect. Desmoneuron) Skottsb.	<div><p>Astelia sect. Desmoneuron Skottsb.</p> <p>Astelia sect. Desmoneuron Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 34. 1934.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Open growth form; leaves linear with a group of three subequal lateral nerves conspicuous in lower half; inflorescences bearing many flowers; staminate flowers with short filaments (0.6-2.1 mm); pistillate flowers with short outer tepals (1.9-4.2 × 0.7-1.8 mm); ovary unilocular, short (1.3-2.8 mm); fruit ampulliform, many seeds per fruit (8-32); seeds short and narrow (1.4-1.8 × 0.5-1.0 mm). Type: Astelia trinervia Kirk, designated here.</p> <p>Included species and distribution.</p> <p>New Zealand: Astelia solandri A.Cunn., Astelia trinervia Kirk. Society Islands, Tahiti: Astelia nadeaudii Drake &amp; F.Br.</p> <p>Habitat.</p> <p>Temperate forest (Astelia solandri and Astelia trinervia) and tropical montane cloud forest (Astelia nadeaudii).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BBADD93FF87C5142B86145CB0B2F880C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
271291BDB3E2569AB7384428ABAD7E2D.text	271291BDB3E2569AB7384428ABAD7E2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (sect. Isoneuron) Skottsb.	<div><p>Astelia sect. Isoneuron Skottsb.</p> <p>Astelia sect. Isoneuron Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 51. 1934.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Open growth form; leaves linear; inflorescences bearing many flowers; staminate flowers with short filaments (0.6-1.9 mm); pistillate flowers with short outer tepals (2.7-4.0 × 0.7-2.0 mm); ovary trilocular, intermediate length (2.2-4.4 mm); fruit ovoid, many seeds per fruit (11-18); seeds small and narrow (1.3-2.2 × 0.8-1.4 mm). Type: Astelia banksii A.Cunn., designated here.</p> <p>Included species and distribution.</p> <p>New Caledonia: Astelia banksii A.Cunn., Astelia neocaledonica Schltr.</p> <p>Habitat.</p> <p>Lowland coastal cliffs (Astelia banksii) and lowland tropical forest (Astelia neocaledonica).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/271291BDB3E2569AB7384428ABAD7E2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
2B746D4C4C7E5DB1B1967581553B62DC.text	2B746D4C4C7E5DB1B1967581553B62DC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (Collospermum) (Skottsb.) Birch 2015	<div><p>Astelia subg. Collospermum (Skottsb.) Birch stat. nov.</p> <p>Basionym: Collospermum Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Ser. 3, 14(2): 72. 1934. Type: Collospermum hastatum (Colenso) Skottsb. [Lectotypified by Moore and Edgar (1976)].</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Open growth form; leaves linear or ensiform with dark coloration at base and peltate branched hairs; inflorescences bearing many flowers; flowers with a long perianth tube (1.3-3.1 mm); staminate flowers with long filaments (3.8-8.6 mm), anthers basifixed, immobile; pistillate flowers with long outer tepals (1.5-6.2 × 0.9-1.6 mm); ovary trilocular, intermediate length (2.1-4.8 mm); fruit globose or obpyriform, with few to many seeds per fruit (1-22); seeds ellipsoid or ovoid, small and narrow (1.3-2.1 × 0.1-1.1 mm); funicle short, truncate, with well-developed mucilaginous funicular hairs that adhere to the seed.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Species published under Collospermum must be transferred as Astelia has nomenclatural priority. Synapomorphies recognized for the genus Collospermum (Skottsberg 1934) remain valid for Astelia subg. Collospermum.</p> <p>Included species and distribution.</p> <p>New Zealand: Astelia hastata Colenso, Astelia microsperma Colenso pro parte. Republic of Fiji, Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Kandavu; Republic of Vanuatu, Espiritu Santo, Tanna, Aneityum: Astelia montana Seem. Independent State of Samoa, Savai’i, Upolu: Astelia samoense (Skottsb.) Birch.</p> <p>Habitat.</p> <p>Lowland temperate forest (Astelia hastata and Astelia microsperma) and montane tropical cloud forest (Astelia montana and Astelia samoense).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B746D4C4C7E5DB1B1967581553B62DC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
0E785F81AE56C58722A353F8ED221BF4.text	0E785F81AE56C58722A353F8ED221BF4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia hastata Colenso	<div><p>Astelia hastata Colenso</p> <p>Astelia hastata Colenso, Trans. &amp; Proc. New Zealand Inst. 19. 265. 1887.</p> <p>Funckia hastata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 711. 1891, nomen rejiciendum.</p> <p>Astelia furfuracea Banks et Solander MSS, fide C. Skottsberg, Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Ser. 3, 14(2): 77. 1934.</p> <p>Collospermum hastatum (Colenso) Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Ser. 3, 14(2): 77. 1934; based on Astelia hastata Colenso.</p> <p>Type.</p> <p>NEW ZEALAND. North Island. Hilly country north of Napier, County of Wairoa. January 1886, A. Hamilton s.n. (Lectotype: K [000524883, digital image!], staminate, designated by Skottsberg, 1934, 79; Isolectotypes: K [000524884, digital image!], staminate, pistillate; AK [3191!], staminate, pistillate).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E785F81AE56C58722A353F8ED221BF4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
CABD304A5345A94AE9FB0EFC8C76A83C.text	CABD304A5345A94AE9FB0EFC8C76A83C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia microsperma Colenso	<div><p>Astelia microsperma</p> <p>Astelia microsperma Colenso pro parte, Trans. &amp; Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 251. 1885 (description of fruit only). Type: NEW ZEALAND. North Island. Seventy-mile Bush, between Norsewood and Danniverke, County of Waipawa. 1884, W. Colenso s.n. (Lectotype: K [000524879, digital image!], fruiting material in packet, designated by Skottsberg, 1934, 81).</p> <p>Collospermum microspermum Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Ser. 3, 14(2): 82. 1934; based on Astelia microsperma Colenso.</p> <p>Funckia microsperma Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 711. 1891, nomen rejiciendum.</p> <p>Astelia albicans Colenso, Trans. &amp; Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 252. 1885. Type: NEW ZEALAND. North Island. East slopes of Ruahine mountain range, county of Waipawa. Jan. 1884, A. Hamilton s.n. (Syntype: K [000524880, digital image!], staminate, pistillate). Skottsberg (1934, 88) identified a single specimen at K as the type material and the specimen in his plate 20 (K000524880) is consistent with the specimen described as the type. As Astelia is dioecious, the inclusion of one staminate and one pistillate inflorescence on the specimen means that it represents two distinct collections and each is rendered a syntype.</p> <p>Funckia albicans Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 711. 1891, nomen rejiciendum.</p> <p>Astelia graminifolia Colenso, Trans. &amp; Proc. New Zealand Inst. 19: 267. 1887.</p> <p>Astelia microsperma Type: NEW ZEALAND. North Island. Woods, hilly country north of Napier, County of Wairoa, 1886, A. Hamilton s.n. (Lectotype: K [000524881, digital image!], pistillate, designated by Skottsberg, 1934, 85).</p> <p>Funckia graminifolia Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 711. 1891, nomen rejiciendum.</p> <p>Astelia planifolia Colenso Trans. &amp; Proc. New Zealand Inst. 20: 209-210. 1888.</p> <p>Astelia microsperma Type: NEW ZEALAND. North Island, Pohue, hilly country west of Napier, Hawke’s Bay. 1884. A. Hamilton s.n.; no specimens located.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Astelia microsperma was described by Colenso based on a specimen at Kew that contained material from two species (Skottsberg 1934). The species description "referred to both, but mainly to the pistillate raceme in the envelope" (Skottsberg 1934, 82). Skottsberg (1934) lectotypified the fruiting material in the packet (K000524879) as the type material of Astelia microsperma (as syn. Collospermum microspermum) and determined the remaining material on the specimen (K000524882) as Astelia hastata (as syn. Collospermum hastatum).</p> <p>Excluded species.</p> <p>Astelia spicata Colenso, Trans. &amp; Proc. New Zealand Inst. 14: 335. 1882, nomen illegitimum. Type: NEW ZEALAND. North Island. In the forests about Kopua and Norsewood, Colenso. (Lectotype: K [000524878, digital image!], pistillate, designated by Skottsberg, 1934, 81). Moore (1966) regarded the type and other specimens examined to represent very small individuals of either Astelia hastata or Astelia microsperma.</p> <p>Collospermum spicatum (Colenso) Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Ser. 3, 14(2): 80. 1934; based on Astelia spicata Colenso nomen illegitimum.</p> <p>Astelia nana Carse, Trans. &amp; Proc. New Zealand Inst. 57: 91. 1926, nomen illegitimum. Type: NEW ZEALAND. North Island. Kaiaka (Mangonui County), Maungatapere (Whangarei County), Mauku (Franklin County), H. Carse s.n.; synonym of Astelia spicata Colenso nomen illegitimum. This is regarded by Skottsberg (1934) as a synonym of Astelia spicata Colenso nomen illegitimum. (Syntypes: CHR [328212, digital image!], staminate, pistillate; [328213, digital image!), pistillate; AK [3227!], pistillate; [3228!], pistillate; [222913!], staminate; [303282!], pistillate).</p> <p>Funckia spicata Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 711. 1891, nomen rejiciendum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CABD304A5345A94AE9FB0EFC8C76A83C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
B8BB0BCEBB792A7A0BD8F887D12F2B10.text	B8BB0BCEBB792A7A0BD8F887D12F2B10.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia montana Seem.	<div><p>Astelia montana Seem.</p> <p>Astelia montana Seem., Fl. Vit. [Seemann] 313, figs 1-6, pl. 95, 1865, non Reinecke 1898, nec Rechinger 1908. Type: FIJI ISLANDS. Kadavu, summit of Mbuke Levu mountain. Seemann 641. (Holotype: K [000524876, digital image!], pistillate; Isotypes: K [000524875, digital image!], vegetative; GH [00029835, digital image!], pistillate; BM [000990536, digital image!], pistillate).</p> <p>Collospermum montanum (Seem.) Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Ser. 3, 14(2): 73. 1934; based on Astelia montana Seem.</p> <p>Funckia montana Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 711. 1891, nomen rejiciendum.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Seemann stated in the preface of Flora Vitiensis (1965, iv) that "the first set of specimens collected by me were deposited at the Royal Herbarium, Kew and from these the plates accompanying this work have chiefly been taken". The type material of Astelia montana, which was effectively published in Flora Vitiensis, can reasonably be expected to have been accessioned at Kew. Two sheets containing Astelia montana specimens collected by Seemann are accessioned at K. One sheet (K000524875) includes a vegetative plant collected at Mt. Mbuke Levu and a second sheet (K000524876) includes a leaf fragment annotated as collected at "Vuna, June 1860" and a pistillate inflorescence labeled as collected by Seemann (n. 641) in 1860. Sheet K000524876 includes the illustrations of the pistillate flower, staminode, berry and seed that appear in the plate that accompanies the protologue of Astelia montana (Seemann 1965).</p> <p>The pistillate inflorescence labeled as Seemann’s collection n. 641 on sheet K000524876 represents the holotype. According to Seemann’s (1962, 1965) accounts of his field collections, he successfully ascended Mt. Mbuke Levu only once, on 6 September 1860. The vegetative specimen on sheet K000524875 was also collected by Seemann on "Buke Levu" [sic]. A type specimen can be mounted on multiple sheets "as long as the parts are clearly labeled as being part of that same specimen" (International Botanical Congress and JH Wiersema 2015); Article 8.3). Although it is likely that sheets K000524875 and K00524876 represent a single specimen that was mounted on separate sheets (Birch pers. comm., Smith 1979), they were not clearly labeled as such. Therefore, K000524875 is considered a duplicate. The leaf fragment on sheet K000524876 annotated as collected in "Vuna June 1860" may represent a fragment of an earlier collection from Vuna on the island of Taveuni (Smith 1979) where Seemann spent time during June 1860 (Seemann 1962).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8BB0BCEBB792A7A0BD8F887D12F2B10	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
92466E6C4D5F557CBF28339BA9C614A3.text	92466E6C4D5F557CBF28339BA9C614A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (Tricella) Skottsb.	<div><p>Astelia subg. Tricella Skottsb.</p> <p>Astelia subg. Tricella Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 58. 1934.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Flowers with a short (Astelia sect. Periastelia) or long (Astelia sect. Tricella) perianth tube (0.3-3.5 mm); anthers dorsifixed, versatile; seeds ellipsoid, fusiform, or ovoid; funicle short, truncate, mucilaginous funicular hairs poorly developed; Type: Astelia nervosa Banks &amp; Sol. ex Hook.f., designated here.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Astelia subg. Tricella is revised to include both Astelia sect. Tricella and Astelia sect. Periastelia, which form a well supported clade in phylogenetic analyses (Birch unpublished PhD thesis 2011, Birch et al. 2012). Astelia sect. Periastelia is monophyletic; however Astelia sect. Tricella is present as a grade and relationships within each of these sections remain equivocal.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/92466E6C4D5F557CBF28339BA9C614A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
0B2D99C138C75ACA959EB1B718EACEE4.text	0B2D99C138C75ACA959EB1B718EACEE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia samoense (Skottsb. 2015) Birch 2015	<div><p>Astelia samoense (Skottsb.) Birch comb. nov.</p> <p>Basionym: Collospermum samoense Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 75. 1934. Syntypes: SAMOA ISLANDS. Upolo, 7 July, 1905, F. Vaupel n. 356 (staminate); Aug. 1905, K. &amp; L. Rechinger n. 4334 (pistillate).</p> <p>Astelia montana ex Reinecke, Die Flora der Samoa-Inseln. in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. vol. 25. 595. 1898; based on Astelia montana Seem.</p> <p>Astelia montana ex Rechinger, Vegetationsbilder, series 6, issue 1. tafel 6. 1908; based on Astelia montana Seem.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>Two specimens were identified by Skottsberg (1934) as types in the list of specimens examined. This included a staminate specimen (Vaupel 356 noted by Skottsberg (1934) as accessioned at HBG) and a pistillate specimen (K. and L. Rechinger n. 4334 noted by Skottsberg (1934) as accessioned at W). The pistillate specimen of Rechinger is not extant at W (pers. comm. A. Löckher, Department of Botany at Naturhistorisches Museum Wien). Efforts are underway to locate type material of Astelia samoense held in herbaria globally.</p> <p>Diacritical signs, which should be suppressed in species names (International Botanical Congress and JH Wiersema 2015; Article 60.6) have not been transferred from Collospermum samoense.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B2D99C138C75ACA959EB1B718EACEE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
8C558AA3011E58A4856B5C9D1E83F07D.text	8C558AA3011E58A4856B5C9D1E83F07D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (sect. Micrastelia) Skottsb.	<div><p>Astelia sect. Micrastelia Skottsb.</p> <p>Astelia sect. Micrastelia Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 56. 1934.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Low, compact, turf forming growth form; leaves caniculate; inflorescence bearing few flowers; staminate flowers with short filaments (0.6-1.9 mm); pistillate flowers with short outer tepals (2.6-3.8 × 0.8-1.3 mm); ovary trilocular, intermediate length (2.6-3.8 mm); fruit ellipsoid, many seeds per fruit (17-24); seeds short and narrow (1.1-1.7 × 0.5-0.8 mm). Type: Astelia pumila (Forst.) Gaudich.</p> <p>Remarks.</p> <p>The relationships of Astelia sect. Micrastelia are poorly resolved, with alternate relationships with Astelia subg. Asteliopsis and the clade containing Astelia subg. Tricella and Collospermum (Birch unpublished PhD thesis 2011, Birch et al. 2012). Astelia sect. Microastelia contains a single species, Astelia pumila, which is a compact, turf-forming plant and dominant component of Astelia moorland in Chile, the Falkland Islands, and Tierra del Fuego. As a cushion-forming species, it differs morphologically from Astelia subg. Asteliopsis, which contains species with open, spreading growth form that are epiphytic or terrestrial and primarily found of the understory in lowland to montane forests. Astelia pumila does share morphological features with Astelia subg. Asteliopsis (e.g. short pistillode or pistil) and, alternatively, with Astelia subg. Collospermum and Astelia subg. Tricella (e.g. seeds with a short, truncate funicle). The subgeneric placement of Astelia sect. Micrastelia remains equivocal and the section is unplaced (incertae sedis).</p> <p>Included species and distribution.</p> <p>Chile, Falkland Islands, Tierra del Fuego: Astelia pumila (Forst.) Gaudich.</p> <p>Habitat.</p> <p>Lowland (low latitudes) to sub-alpine (mid and higher latitudes) herbfields particularly on wet substrates (seeps, swamps etc.).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C558AA3011E58A4856B5C9D1E83F07D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
A7BAEAF5E4EB587DB0DFE08DE20F93BF.text	A7BAEAF5E4EB587DB0DFE08DE20F93BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (sect. Periastelia) Skottsb.	<div><p>Astelia sect. Periastelia Skottsb.</p> <p>Astelia sect. Periastelia Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 46. 1934.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Open growth form; leaves linear or ensiform; inflorescences bearing many flowers; staminate flowers with short or long filaments (0.9-2.8 mm); pistillate flowers with long outer tepals (2.3-5.3 × 1.2-2.6 mm); ovary trilocular, intermediate length (1.8-4.6 mm); fruit globose, few seeds per fruit (4-12); seeds long and narrow (1.8-3.6 × 0.7-1.6 mm). Type: Astelia argyrocoma A.Heller &amp; Skottsb., designated here.</p> <p>Included species and distribution.</p> <p>Austral Islands, Rapa: Astelia rapensis Skottsb. Marquesas Islands, Ua Pou, Nuku Hiva: Astelia tovii F.Br. USA, Hawaii: Astelia argyrocoma A.Heller &amp; Skottsb., Astelia menziesiana Sm., Astelia waialealae Wawra.</p> <p>Habitat.</p> <p>Lowland mesic forest (Astelia menziesiana, Astelia rapensis), tropical montane cloud forest (Astelia argyrocoma and Astelia menziesiana) and alpine swamps (Astelia menziesiana and Astelia waialealae).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7BAEAF5E4EB587DB0DFE08DE20F93BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
34B082BA70D65BE7876DED6486BF7B2C.text	34B082BA70D65BE7876DED6486BF7B2C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Astelia (sect. Tricella) Skottsb.	<div><p>Astelia sect. Tricella Skottsb.</p> <p>Astelia sect. Tricella Skottsb., Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. ser. 3, 14(2): 58. 1934.</p> <p>Note.</p> <p>Compact to open growth form; leaves linear or ensiform; inflorescences bearing many flowers; staminate flowers with short or long filaments (0.8-3.5 mm); pistillate flowers with long outer tepals (2.3-5.3 × 1.2-2.6 mm); ovary trilocular, long (2.9-6.8 mm); fruit globose with few seeds per fruit (4-12); seeds long and wide (2.2-3.7 × 1.3-2.3 mm). Type: Astelia nervosa Banks &amp; Sol. ex Hook.f., designated here.</p> <p>Included taxa and distribution.</p> <p>Australia: Astelia australiana (J.H.Willis) L.B.Moore, Astelia psychrocharis F.Muell. New Zealand: Astelia chathamica (Skottsb.) L.B.Moore, Astelia fragrans Colenso, Astelia graminea L.B.Moore, Astelia grandis Hook.f. ex Kirk, Astelia nivicola Cockayne ex Cheeseman var. nivicola, Astelia var. moriceae L.B.Moore, Astelia nervosa Banks &amp; Sol. ex Hook.f., Astelia petriei Cockayne, Astelia skottsbergii L.B.Moore.</p> <p>Habitat.</p> <p>Lowland scrub (Astelia chathamica), temperate rainforest (Astelia australiana, Astelia fragrans, Astelia grandis, Astelia nivicola var. moriceae), sub-alpine and alpine herb-fields (Astelia graminea, Astelia nervosa, Astelia nivicola var. nivicola, Astelia petriei, Astelia psychrocharis, Astelia skottsbergii).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/34B082BA70D65BE7876DED6486BF7B2C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Birch, Joanne L.	Birch, Joanne L. (2015): A revision of infrageneric classification in Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R. Br. (Asteliaceae). PhytoKeys 52: 105-132, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.52.4768
