identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
8E2B2044FFF67622FF3AFEF7B083AA80.text	8E2B2044FFF67622FF3AFEF7B083AA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lamourouxia avendanoi Franc. Gut. 2022	<div><p>Lamourouxia avendanoi Franc.Gut. sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3 A, C).</p><p>Lamourouxia avendanoi belongs to the section Hemispadon and it can be distinguished from the other species by the presence of sessile and elliptic, broadly elliptic to oblong leaves with base rounded, calyx not glandular, and patent lobes of the lower lip of the corolla.</p><p>Type:— MEXICO. Nayarit: Nayar [Zacatecas: Valparaíso], 50 km al NE de Jesús María, carr. a Huejuquilla, 2000–2230 m, 13 September 1989, Pedro Tenorio-Lezama &amp; Gabriel Flores-Franco 16022 (holotype MEXU!) .</p><p>Herbs 40–60 cm tall, stems erect, hirsute with non-glandular trichomes. Leaves opposite, sessile, elliptic, broadly elliptic to oblong, 24–56 × 17–29 mm, margin dentate to crenate, 6–16 teeth per side, 0.5–3.3 mm long, apex acute to obtuse, sometimes short-acuminate, base rounded, lamina membranous and pilose with non-glandular trichomes. Inflorescence ascendent, a raceme, pedicels 0.8–3.3 × 1 mm, one bract per flower. Bracts obovate to ovate, 8–25 × 3–20 mm, apex acute, base rounded, margin dentate, 0–7 teeth per side, each tooth 0.5–2 × 4.3–4.9 mm. Calyx campanulate, 4.3–13 × 3.9–6 mm, pubescent, four-lobed, each lobe triangular, 2.6–7 × 1.1–4.4 mm, apex acute, margin entire, pubescent with non-glandular trichomes. Corolla tubular, 27–54 × 6–10 mm, bilabiate, the upper lip 14–30 mm long, margin not reflexed; lower lip 7–24 × 2 mm, stretched in the middle and the apex three-lobed, each lobe 1.1–3.3 × 0.9 mm, expanded in mature flowers. Stamens exserted, filaments 35–38 mm long, anthers ca. 3.4 mm long, lanose, whitish. Style 37–47 mm long, persistent in fruiting. Stigma capitate, 1–1.4 × 0.9 mm. Fruit a capsule, ovoid, 8.3–9.8 × 5.4–6 mm, glabrous.</p><p>Distribution and Ecology:— This species inhabits oak, pine-oak, and tropical deciduous forests at elevations from 1325 to 2280 m a.s.l. The species was photographed by Ana Nuño (https://www.naturalista.mx/observations/83154395) in the municipality of Bolaños, Jalisco, but no specimens from this state were found during the herbaria revision (Fig. 2). Herbarium specimens from the states of Durango, Nayarit, and Zacatecas, Mexico were revised (Fig. 3). The species is distributed near to El Salto area, considered as a hotspot of Mexican endemic angiosperms (Sosa &amp; De-Nova 2012).</p><p>Phenology:— Flowers and fruits are recorded from July to October.</p><p>Etymology:— The epithet honors Sergio Avendaño-Reyes, a Mexican botanist, and curator of the XAL herbarium from 2009 to 2020. He also has contributed to the knowledge of the flora of Veracruz with taxonomic studies of several families.</p><p>Conservation status: — Lamourouxia avendanoi is a range-restricted species, known from eight locations in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Its extent of occurrence (EOO) is 15,644.73 km 2, and area of occupancy (AOO) is 32 km 2. Its forest habitat is inferred to be declining due to accelerated deforestation, fragmentation of habitats, and reduction in the forest densities occurred in the last decades (González-Elizondo et al. 2013). The species is listed as Vulnerable species VU B2b(ii,iii).</p><p>Most specimens are distributed within the Cuenca Alimentadora del Distrito Nacional de Riego 043 Estado de Nayarit, a Natural Resources Protection Area that covers the states of Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Durango, Nayarit, and Zacatecas, Mexico (Fig. 4) .</p><p>Discussion:—Specimens of Lamourouxia avendanoi were determined as belonging to L. viscosa Kunth (1818: 338), the species most variable morphologically in the genus and one of the few species distributed in the northern states of Mexico. The confusion arises by the similitude of the toothed leaves. The leaves of L. avendanoi are elliptic to broadly elliptic, while the leaves of L. viscosa are broadly or narrowly ovate to elliptical or lanceolate, but the absence of glandular trichomes in the calyx is a feature not shared with L. viscosa . The key presented by Ernst (1972) refers to L. smithii Robinson &amp; Greenman (1895: 172) as the only species in section Hemispadon with calyx not glandular and sessile leaves ovate. The notably different shape of the leaves regarding L. smithii, and other characters are presented in Table 2. Geographically, the species are isolated from each other. Lamourouxia avendanoi is distributed in the western states of Durango, Jalisco, and Nayarit. In contrast, L. smithii was reported as endemic to the southern state of Oaxaca.</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes):— MEXICO. Durango: Pueblo Nuevo, La Yerbabuena, comunidad San Bernardino de Milpillas, 2280 m, 26 September 1981, Pérez 797 (ENCB!) ; Mezquital, Aprox. 4 km de La Guajolota, 11 September 1985, Solís 257 (CIIDIR!, MEXU!) ; El Salto, Pie de Cuesta 4 km al S de Pueblo Nuevo, 1860 m, 02 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6169 (MEXU!); Toyaltita, Carboneras 54 Km al SW de San Miguel de Cruces, brecha a Toyaltita, 1800 m, 06 July 1984, Tenorio et al. 6246 (MEXU!) . Zacatecas: [Valparaíso], 31 km al NE de Jesús María, camino Jesús María-Huejuquilla, 1430 m, 27 July 1990, Flores-Franco et al. 2103 (MEXU!) . Nayarit: El Nayar, Arroyo de La Taberna northwest of Mesa del Nayar, 1325 m, 13 August 1980, Breedlove &amp; Almeda 45556 (MEXU!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E2B2044FFF67622FF3AFEF7B083AA80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo;González, Dolores;Lira-Noriega, Andrés	Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores, Lira-Noriega, Andrés (2022): Two new species of Lamourouxia section Hemispadon (Orobanchaceae) from western Mexico. Phytotaxa 549 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.4
8E2B2044FFF2762EFF3AFE47B5D7AE71.text	8E2B2044FFF2762EFF3AFE47B5D7AE71.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lamourouxia pacifica Franc. Gut. & Ruiz-Sanchez 2022	<div><p>Lamourouxia pacifica Franc.Gut. &amp; Ruiz-Sanchez sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 6 A, C, E, G).</p><p>Lamourouxia pacifica belongs to the section Hemispadon and it can be distinguished from the other species by having leaves linear to linear-lanceolate with brochidodromous venation and presence of lower bracts linear to lanceolate, both leaves and bracts are membranous.</p><p>Type: — MEXICO. Jalisco: Cabo Corrientes, km 176 on road from Puerto Vallarta to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-105.311935&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.380114" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -105.311935/lat 20.380114)">Manzanillo</a>, 20.380114, -105.311936, 701 m, 23 February 2019, Antonio Francisco-Gutiérrez &amp; Rebeca Rosas-Campos 251 (holotype XAL!) .</p><p>Herbs up to 2 m, stems erect, solitary or branched near the base, pubescent to scarcely hirsute with glandular hairs. Leaves opposite, sessile, linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, 38–138.2 × 8–25 mm, apex acute, base cuneate or rounded, margin serrate with up to 37 teeth each side, teeth 0.5–0.9 mm long each, adaxially pubescent to scarcely hirsute with a mix of simple and glandular trichomes, abaxially pubescent with simple and glandular trichomes, venation brochidodromous with the primary and secondary veins conspicuous. Lamina chartaceous, light green. Inflorescence a raceme, 9.5–34 cm long, ascending, pubescent with glandular trichomes; pedicellate flowers, pedicels 1–9 mm long, pubescent with glandular trichomes; one bract per flower, bracteoles absent. Bracts divided in two types, upper bracts triangular to lanceolate, 5–23 × 2–10.4 mm, apex acute, base rounded, margin entire, adaxial and abaxially pubescent with simple and glandular trichomes; lower bracts linear to lanceolate, 17–37 × 6–8 mm, apex acute, margin serrate with up to 11 teeth each side, each tooth up to 1 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 3.2–10 × 3–7 mm, four-lobed, each lobe 2–7 × 1.5–4 mm, triangular, erect, apex acute, margin entire, one midvein per lobe, pubescent with glandular trichomes. Corolla tubular 15–46 × 3–6.2 mm, bilobed, the upper lip 7–23 × 5–10 mm, rectangular, apex acute to obtuse, margin entire or occasionally with one rounded tooth of 1 mm long at each side, reflexed or not, externally sericeous to lanose with pink-colored trichomes; lower lip 7–17 × 3–5.1 mm, linear, margin entire, three-lobed, each lobe ca. 3.5 × 1.5–1.9 mm, revolute. Corolla very fragile and deciduous. Filaments 36–43 mm long, anthers 3–3.5 mm long, shaggy with white non-glandular trichomes. Style 33–44 mm long, scarcely pubescent, persistent in fruiting, white to black throughout fruiting. Stigma capitate, 0.9–1.2 × 1 mm. Fruit a capsule, elliptic to ovoid, 8.2–12 × 4–8 mm, glabrous, with longitudinal dehiscence, light green when immature and dark brown when mature. Seeds numerous, 1.2–1.3 × 0.5–0.7 mm, with white reticulated coat.</p><p>Distribution and Ecology — Lamourouxia pacifica is distributed in the northern and western states of Durango, Jalisco, Nayarit, and Sinaloa, Mexico (Fig. 4). This species occurs from 300 to 1400 m a.s.l. in oak and pine-oak forests. Reported genera around the new species are Dioon Lindley (1843: 59–60) and Zamia Linnaeus (1763: 1659) (Zamiaceae) .</p><p>Phenology: —Specimens with flowers were recorded from November to May. Collections with fruits were registered from February to April.</p><p>Etymology: —The specific epithet refers to the distribution of the species close to the Pacific Ocean.</p><p>Conservation status:— Lamourouxia pacifica with 10 records has an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 88,839.25 km 2, and area of occupancy (AOO) of 36 km 2. Botanical expeditions in 2020 and 2021 near the type locality allowed to observe a reduction in the extent and quality of habitat caused by deforestation and forest fires. The species is listed as Endangered species EN B2 b(ii,iii). Only one specimen of the species was collected near the Sierra de Quila Flora and Fauna Protection Area, and the rest of specimens are distributed in areas with no protection (Fig. 4) .</p><p>Discussion:— Lamourouxia viscosa is the most widely distributed and collected species of the genus, from northern Mexico to Panama. During the revision of main herbaria from Mexico, hundreds of specimens of the genus determined as L. viscosa were found, including specimens of the section Lamourouxia, which the species does not belong. This is due to the morphological variation that occurs in the species. The description of L. viscosa published in the treatment of the genus includes a brief description of a similar taxon “probably closest to L. viscosa ” (Ernst 1972: 49), which possesses membranous and narrow leaves with widely spaced teeth. This taxon was not formally named neither validly published. The next paragraph contains the morphological description of L. viscosa, where the leaves were described to be broadly or narrowly ovate to elliptical or lanceolate. Here, we proposed L. pacifica as a different species by its distinguishable shape of the leaves, which are linear to linear-lanceolate. The leaves also have a greater number of spaced teeth, up to 37 on each side, while L. viscosa has up to 27 teeth per side. The pattern of venation in the abaxial surface of the leaves of L. viscosa is reticulate with very conspicuous primary, secondary, and tertiary veins (distinguished from the rest of the genus as “prominent reticulate tertiary veins”) (Ernst 1972). On the other hand, the pattern in L. pacifica is brochidodromous, with primary and secondary veins conspicuous. Other character that can help to identify L. pacifica is the presence of linear to linear-lanceolate bracts at the base of the inflorescence (lower bracts). In contrast, L. viscosa generally shows bracts ovate, which have the same shape along the inflorescence. Another feature that can be perceived in field is the texture of the leaves. Typically, the leaves of L. viscosa are strongly coriaceous and sometimes contact with teeth can hurt. Contrarily, leaves of L. pacifica are membranous and soft to the touch. All these differences allow to establish L. pacifica as a separate species. A detailed morphological comparison with respect to widespread L. viscosa is shown in the Table 3 and Fig. 6.</p><p>(1972).</p><p>Additional specimens examined (Paratypes):— MEXICO. Sinaloa: Mesa Malqueson, Cerro Colorado, 2500 ft, 08 December 1939, Gentry 5168 (MEXU!) . Durango: Tamazula, La Bajada, 1750 m, November 1922, González-Ortega 563 (MEXU!) . Nayarit: Tepic, 1 km al SW de El Cuarenteño camino a El Cora o 4 km al N del entronque del camino El Cora-Papapitas, 820 m, 16 May 1994, Flores-Franco et al. 3458 (MEXU!) ; W-SW flank of Volcan Sanganguey, track from highway to Guadalajara ca. 6 km SE of San Cayetano, 1400 m, 13 January 1993, Mayfield et al. 1657 (MEXU!) ; Tepic, Las Tierritas, 2 km al NE del Izote, Cerro San Juan, 1200 m, 23 March 1989, Tenorio et al. 15610 (MEXU!) . Jalisco: Ayotitlán, al NNE de Ayotitlán, 1320 m, 26 February 1987, Alcocer et al. 242 (IBUG!) ; Cabo Corrientes (El Tuito), alrededores de La Báscula, por el camino a El Cuale, 815 m, 24 February 1993, Castillo-Campos et al. 10281 (XAL!) . Cabo Corrientes, La Puerta, 500 m, 27 February 1993, Castillo-Campos et al. 10489 (XAL!) ; Tecalitlán, Sierra del Halo, predio Las Palomas y Los Fresnos, 12 km en línea recta al E de Pihuamo, 3.5 km al O de Alotitlán, alrededores del Puerto de Ortiz, 1750 m, 22 April 2012, Castro-Castro et al. 2789 (XAL!) ; Cabo Corrientes, Carretera Puerto Vallarta - El Tuito km 178, 700 m, 06 March 2021, García et al. 338, Ortiz-Brunel et al. 1058 (IBUG!) ; Cabo Corrientes, camino El Tuito – minas de Zimapán, 820 m, 06 March 2021, Ortiz-Brunel et al. 1059 (IBUG!) .</p><p>Key for the species of the section Hemispadon (Modified from Ernst 1972).</p><p>1. Calyx and leaves pubescent................................................................................................................................................................2</p><p>- Calyx and leaves glabrous or glabrate................................................................................................................................................3</p><p>2. Leaves sessile .....................................................................................................................................................................................4</p><p>- Leaves petiolate..................................................................................................................................................................................5</p><p>3. Leaves ovate, elliptical to obovate .....................................................................................................................................................6</p><p>- Leaves lanceolate to subulate .............................................................................................................................................................7</p><p>4. Calyx with glandular trichomes..........................................................................................................................................................8</p><p>- Calyx with non-glandular trichomes ..................................................................................................................................................9</p><p>5. Leaves lanceolate, 50 mm or more long; calyx lobes 10–12 mm long, glandular............................................................ L. jaliscana</p><p>- Leaves ovate, up to 25 mm long; calyx lobes 2–5 mm long, not glandular.................................................................... L. gutierrezii</p><p>6. Leaves 18–28 mm long ....................................................................................................................................................................10</p><p>- Leaves less than 10 mm long........................................................................................................................................ L. microphylla</p><p>7. Inflorescence tips ascending; calyx lobes 6 mm or less long; branching ascending........................................................................11</p><p>- Inflorescence tips patent; calyx lobes 6–15 mm long; branching at nearly right angles................................................. L. lanceolata</p><p>8. Leaves narrowly or broadly ovate to lanceolate, truncate or cordate at base; same shape of bracts along the inflorescence .........12</p><p>- Leaves linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, cuneate or rounded at base; two shapes of bracts at inflorescence ............... L. pacifica</p><p>9. Calyx lobes entire.............................................................................................................................................................................13</p><p>- Calyx lobes frequently irregular to dentate ............................................................................................................... L. rhinanthifolia</p><p>10. Leaves elliptical to obovate; calyx lobes up to 2 mm long, corolla 45–49 mm long, 8–10 mm wide................................ L. gracilis</p><p>- Leaves ovate, calyx lobes 4–6 mm long, corolla up to 35 mm long, up to 7 mm wide...................................................... L. colimae</p><p>11. Leaf blades subulate, irregularly dentate, up to 3 mm wide............................................................................................. L. tenuifolia</p><p>- Leaf blades lanceolate, sub-entire, 3–7 mm wide ......................................................................................................... L. integerrima</p><p>12. Leaves up to 15 mm wide, not scabrous, margins up to 14 dentate on a side, not reticulate below, calyx lobes 4–27 mm long........ ............................................................................................................................................................................................. L. nelsonii</p><p>- Leaves 15 mm or more wide, often scabrous, margin 14 or more dentate on a side, reticulate venation standing out below, calyx lobes 2–4 mm long ............................................................................................................................................................... L. viscosa</p><p>13. Leaves elliptic to oblong, up to 29 mm wide, rounded at base; lobes of the lower lip patent ........................................ L. avendanoi</p><p>- Leaves ovate, 29–38 mm wide, conspicuously cordate at base; lobes of the lower lip revolute .......................................... L. smithii</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E2B2044FFF2762EFF3AFE47B5D7AE71	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio;Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo;González, Dolores;Lira-Noriega, Andrés	Francisco-Gutiérrez, Antonio, Ruiz-Sanchez, Eduardo, González, Dolores, Lira-Noriega, Andrés (2022): Two new species of Lamourouxia section Hemispadon (Orobanchaceae) from western Mexico. Phytotaxa 549 (1): 51-66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.549.1.4
