taxonID	type	description	language	source
8C6287D64313FFE6FF162FD73891B5EC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Terebelliform polychaetes with numerous buccal tentacles of prostomial origin and not retractable into the mouth. Prostomium only present dorsally, extending transversely across body, fused to dorsal part of upper lip. Peristomium forming upper and lower lip, sometimes extending laterally from mouth for variable extension. Segment 1 achaetous and abranchiate. Up to three pairs of branchiae may be present, usually starting from segment 2. Notopodia extending for variable number of segments, bearing capillary chaetae of variable morphology arranged in two tiers, anterior tier usually with shorter chaetae. Neuropodia usually bearing avicular uncini. Nephridial papillae usually present on anterior body, on variable position and extending for a number of segments, nephridia with inner openings anterior to gular membrane (until segment 5) with excretory functions (= nephridial papillae), those posterior to gular membrane with reproductive functions (= genital papillae), for liberation of gametes (Hessle 1917; Smith 1992, 1994; Nogueira et al. in press).	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64313FFE1FF16282839B7B41A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Terebellids with 0 – 3 pairs of branchiae, each consisting of multiple unbranching filaments originating independently. Ventral surface of body highly glandular anteriorly, discrete ventral shields absent. Notopodia extending for variable number of segments, with distally winged or distally serrated notochaetae. Neuropodia with uncini arranged in single rows throughout.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64313FFE1FF16282839B7B41A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Nogueira et al. (in press) recognized two groups of thelepodines, one of which consisting of the genera Decathelepus Hutchings, 1977, Glossothelepus Hutchings & Glasby, 1988, Rhinothelepus Hutchings, 1974, Telothelepus Day, 1955, and, according to our recent observations, Parathelepus Caullery, 1915, the other group containing the rest of the subfamily. Thelepodines of the first group have an upper lip much longer than wide and body divided in two regions, the first with some anterior achaetous segments followed by few segments with notopodia only and then biramous parapodia, the second region with neuropodia only. The notochaetae in this group are distally winged, although most taxa also have bayonet-chaetae, at least on some anterior chaetigers (Nogueira et al. in press). The neuropodia are present as sessile ridges on the first region and as slightly raised pinnules on the second. The uncini are about as long as high, with dorsal button situated away from anterior margin of uncini and a conspicuous prow is present (Nogueira et al. in press). Thelepodines of the second group have an upper lip about as long as wide and the body regions are not always clearly marked, since notopodia extend until posterior body in several taxa. The notochaetae of this group are mostly distally winged, but distally serrated notochaetae are present in a few taxa. The neuropodia are present as fleshy, slightly raised structures on the segments with biramous parapodia, and raised pinnules on the segments after notopodia terminate, in the taxa which have body regions clearly marked. The uncini may be similar to those of the thelepodines of the first group or, more commonly, are distinctly longer than wide, with dorsal button at anterior margin of the uncini, or close to it, and reduced to inconspicuous prow (Nogueira et al. in press).	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64314FFE1FF162C973CC6B0B9.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Grymaea bairdi Malmgren, 1866.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64314FFE1FF162C973CC6B0B9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Prostomium at base of upper lip; basal part of prostomium usually with eyespots, distal part usually forming shelf-like process from which buccal tentacles originate. Peristomium forming lips, sometimes continuing dorsally, with developed nuchal organs at border with prostomium. Lateral lobes on anterior segments absent, but segment 2 usually protruding ventrally. Zero to 3 pairs of branchiae, on segments 2 – 4, each with numerous simple filaments progressively tapering to tips. Notopodia beginning on segment 2, continuing for variable number of segments, with distally winged notochaetae. Neuropodia beginning on segment 5, extending until posterior body, neuropodia usually glandular, slightly raised from body wall; uncini with elongate base, dorsal button terminal or almost, prow, if present, reduced to short knob and main fang topped by few rows of secondary teeth.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64314FFE1FF162C973CC6B0B9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Streblosoma is a large genus, characterized by having notopodia from segment 2, bearing distally winged notochaetae, and neuropodia from segment 5. The species of this genus are distinguished mainly by: (1) the morphology of the lower lip, narrow or swollen; (2) the morphology of the branchiae, including the number of pairs of branchiae, if branchial filaments originate directly from the body wall, or from swollen, glandular areas, the number of branchial filaments on each pair, if the area of origin of branchial filaments of the first pair extends laterally beyond the first pair of notopodia or not, and if the filaments are arranged to form continuous rows across the dorsum or a medial gap is present; (3) the morphology of notochaetae, if narrowly or broadly winged; and (4) the morphology of uncini, in regards to the dental formula, position of the dorsal button, size of prow and if the uncini are arranged in straight or curved, sometimes looped rows (Hutchings & Murray 1984; Holthe 1986; Hutchings & Glasby 1987; Nogueira et al. 2004, in press; Nogueira & Hutchings 2007). Three species of Streblosoma have been recorded from the Brazilian coast before this study (Amaral et al. 2006), of which S. oligobranchiatum Nogueira & Amaral, 2001 and S. porchatensis Nogueira, Garraffoni & Alves, 2004 are only known from the State of São Paulo, and S. bairdi (Malmgren, 1866) is known from the states of Alagoas, northeastern Brazil (Nonato & Luna 1970), and Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, southeastern Brazil (Rullier & Amoureux 1979; Lana 1981; Morgado & Amaral 1989; Amaral et al. 1994, among others). Prior to this study, there was no record of this genus for the State of Rio Grande do Norte.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64314FFE8FF1629703C46B3D4.taxon	description	(Figs 1 – 5; Table 1)	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64314FFE8FF1629703C46B3D4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type series. Holotype MZUSP 01039: coll. Sta. 21 (05 ° 05 ’ 03.1 ” S 36 ° 27 ’ 18.9 ” W), 9 Nov 2007. Paratypes 1 – 3 coll. Sta. 20 (05 ° 04 ’ 46.9 ” S 36 ° 26 ’ 19.5 ” W), 8 Nov 2007; paratype 1 CIPY-POLY- 1384, paratype 2 CIPY-POLY- 1385, paratype 3 CIPY-POLY- 1386. Paratypes 4 – 7 coll. Sta. 23 (05 ° 04 ’ 04 ” S 36 ° 20 ’ 25 ” W), 10 Nov 2007; paratype 4 CIPY-POLY- 1387, paratype 5 LACM-AHF POLY 2262, paratype 6 MZUSP 01040, paratype 7 MZUSP 01041. Paratypes 8 – 9 coll. Sta. 22 (05 ° 05 ’ 12.9 ” S 36 ° 28 ’ 03.8 ” W), 10 Nov 2007; paratype 8 ZMUC-POL- 2105, paratype 9 LACM-AHF POLY 2255. For more information on each specimen of type-series see Table 1. Additional material. Sta. 20 (05 ° 04 ’ 46.9 ” S 36 ° 26 ’ 19.5 ” W): 6 specs, 8 Nov 2007. Sta. 23 (05 ° 04 ’ 04 ” S 36 ° 20 ’ 25 ” W): 3 empty tubes, 10 Nov 2007. Comparative material examined. Streblosoma acymatum Hutchings & Rainier, 1979. Holotype (AM W 78), coll. Australia, New South Wales, Port Jackson (33 ° 51 ' S 151 ° 16 ' E), 1909; slides: neurochaetae from anterior and posterior region after notopodia terminate; 2 paratypes (AM W 5107, AM W 5108), coll. Australia, New South Wales, Charlotte Bay (32 ° 20 ' S 152 ° 33 ' E), Dec 1970; 1 paratype (AM W 5766), coll. Australia, New South Wales, Careel Bay (33 ° 37 ' S 151 ° 19 ' E), in Posidonia, 6 Feb 1973; slides: notochaetae from segment 12; neurochaetae from segments 12 and from region after notopodia terminate; 2 non-type specs (AM W 22428), coll. Australia, New South Wales, Port Jackson (33 ° 52 ' 24 ” S 151 ° 10 ' 30 ” E), Mar 1986; slides: notochaetae from segments 21 and 26. Streblosoma hartmanae Kritzler, 1971. Holotype (USNM 43209) and 3 paratypes (USNM 43210), coll. USA, Florida, Franklin County, 28 Dec 1969; holotype complete, all paratypes incomplete specs in good state of preservation; slides: holotype (USNM 43209): notochaetae from segments 3 and 21; neurochaetae from segments 7, 22, 35 and posterior region after notopodia terminate. Streblosoma nyanganus (Augener, 1918). Holotype (ZMH: V 1702) and 2 paratypes (ZMH: V 1707), coll. Gabon (Cape Lopez and Nyanga River), São Tomé and Príncipe (Ilhéu das Rolas) and Angola (Ambrizete); incomplete specimens in good state of preservation; slides: largest paratype (ZMH: V 1707): notochaetae from segments 9 and 27; neurochaetae from segments 9, 27, 84 and 90. Streblosoma oligocirrus (Schmarda, 1861). Cotypes (NMW 1630), many specimens and tubes in poor state of preservation; slides: largest cotype examined: notochaetae from segments 7 and 37; neurochaetae from segments 6 and 42; whole parapodium from segment 38.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64314FFE8FF1629703C46B3D4.taxon	description	Description. Thick tube, mucous, with coarse stones and fragments of shells embedded. Body 20 – 108 (60) mm long, 2.2 – 5.3 (3.9) mm wide, buccal tentacles 7 – 37 (17) mm long, complete specimens with 55 – 85 (73) segments (Table 1). Preserved body uniformly light brown, without distinct patterns of pigmentation (Figs 1 A – K; 2 A – I). Ventral surface highly glandular, discrete ventral shields absent, uniformly smooth (Figs 1 A – B, D – F, J – K; 3 C – D, G – H) to corrugated between neuropodia (Fig. 2 B – D, F – I). Prostomium at base of upper lip; basal part of prostomium with broad band of small eyespots arranged in 2 – 3 transverse irregular rows, eyespots more numerous laterally and sparse, well separated from each other mid-dorsally (Figs 1 E – F, I – K; 2 A – B, D – I); distal part of prostomium forming shelf-like process bearing numerous uniformly cylindrical buccal tentacles. Peristomium forming lips and complete ring around the body; upper lip short, hood-like, about as long as wide (Figs 1 A, E – F; 2 C, F; 3 D, H); lower lip narrow, relatively long and swollen (Figs 1 A, E – F, K; 2 C – D, F, H – I; 3 D, G – H); peristomium continuing dorsally as narrow annulation, with conspicuous nuchal organs as ciliated grooves on border with prostomium (Figs 1 E – F, I; 2 A – B, D – I; 3 C, F – G, J – L). Segment 1 short, ending ventro-laterally below lower lip or partially fused to it (Figs 1 A – F, I – K; 2 A – I; 3 A – D, F – H, J – L), distinction between lower lip and segment 1 unclear and strongly dependent on state of preservation of specimens. Segment 2 with protruding ventral crest covering posterior part of segment 1, midventrally indented by lower lip (Figs 1 A – B, D – F, J – K; 2 B – D, F – I; 3 C – D, G – H, J). Three pairs of branchiae, on segments 2 – 4, each with around 10 – 37 (22 – 24) thin independent filaments progressively tapering to tips, leaving narrow mid-dorsal gap between filaments from left and right sides within a pair (Figs 1 B – D, H – K; 2 A – B, D – E, G – I; 3 A – C, F – G, J – K); branchial filaments originating from swollen glandular areas, those on segment 2 located anteriorly to notopodia, those on segments 3 and 4 arranged in semicircles located dorsally and posteriorly to notopodia (Figs 2 A – B, D – E, G – I; 3 A – C, F – G, J – K); all pairs with similar number of branchial filaments (Table 1); branchial filaments arranged in 2 – 3 rows, those on segment 2 inserted close to anterior margin of segment and extending laterally beyond level of notopodia, those of other segments inserted from mid-length of segments (Figs 1 B – D, H – K; 2 A – B, D – E, G – I; 3 A – C, F – G, J – K). Notopodia extending until segment 30 – 36 (30) (Table 1), notopodia on segment 2 about same size as following ones, notopodia on segment 3 lateralmost, on segments 2, 4 – 5 inserted progressively more dorsally, then vertically aligned (Figs 1 J – K; 2 A – B, D – E, G – I; 3 A – C, F – G, J). Notochaetae of both tiers as slightly geniculate, winged capillaries, with wings broader on one side, but narrower than width of shaft, those on anterior tier much longer than those on posterior tier, with wings starting from distal half, chaetae from posterior tier with basally bulbous wings (Figs 4 A, D; 5 A – C). Neuropodia as fleshy ridges on region with biramous parapodia (Figs 1 A – F, H, J – K; 2 B – D, F – H; 3 B – D, F – H), progressively broader until segment 11, about same width on segments 11 – 15, then progressively narrower until segment on which notopodia terminate; neuropodia of region after notopodia terminate as short cylindrical pinnules (Figs 1 G; 3 I). Uncini with elongate base, almost terminal dorsal button, prow reduced to short knob and main fang surmounted with two rows of secondary teeth (Figs 4 B – C, E – F; 5 D – I); first row of secondary teeth with 1 – 3 teeth, usually 2, and second row, on anterior segments, with 1 – 2 minute teeth between teeth of anterior row, only visible under SEM (Fig. 5 D – F), with more teeth from midbody segments, with larger tooth between teeth on first row (Figs 4 E – F; 5 G – I). Nephridial and genital papillae present on segments 4 – 7, inserted posteriorly to notopodia, papillae on segments 4 – 5 slightly shorter (Figs 1 J – K; 2 A – B, D – E, G – I; 3 B – C, F – G). Pygidium smooth (Figs 1 G; 3 E). Variation. The specimens examined present great variation in the number of branchial filaments and this character seems to be size-dependent (Table 1), but the glandular areas from which branchial filaments emerge are conspicuous in all specimens and a mid-dorsal gap between filaments of left and right groups within a pair is always present.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64314FFE8FF1629703C46B3D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Streblosoma patriciae sp. nov., belongs to a group of few species of thelepodines with branchial filaments originating from swollen glandular areas, instead of directly from the body wall. Although this character is likely to be homoplastic, with species currently assigned to different genera presenting it, it may be significant. According to the literature, only three other species of thelepodines have branchial filaments originating from swollen glandular areas instead of directly from the body wall, Pseudostreblosoma brevitentaculatum Nogueira & Alves, 2006, Thelepus robustus (Grube, 1878) (according to Hutchings & Glasby 1987 and our own observations) and Streblosoma acymatum Hutchings & Rainier, 1979. However we have noticed that Streblosoma nyanganus (Augener, 1918) also has this character. Streblosoma acymatum differs from S. patriciae sp. nov., in having a more corrugated ventral surface of anterior segments, fewer pairs of notopodia, 25 – 29, instead of 29 – 35 pairs, more branchial filaments on the first branchiferous segment, forming a continuous row across dorsum, while in S. patriciae sp. nov., a medial gap is conspicuous, and nephridial and genital papillae situated between noto- and neuropodia, while in S. patriciae sp. nov., they are inserted posterior to notopodia (see Hutchings & Glasby 1987). Streblosoma nyanganus is morphologically more similar to S. patriciae sp. nov., than any of the other species discussed below. This species was described from Western Africa, as the type-species of the newly erected genus Pseudothelepus Augener, 1918, but it was later considered as a possible synonym of S. oligocirrus (Schmarda, 1861) by Hartman (1959), although Pseudothelepus was still considered as a valid genus. Our observations of type material of S. nyanganus and S. oligocirrus showed that these taxa are separate species, and both are species of Streblosoma. Formal redescriptions of both these taxa will be published elsewhere (Nogueira et al. in prep.), but for the purpose of this paper it is important to differentiate S. nyanganus from S. patriciae sp. nov. Streblosoma nyanganus is distinguished from S. patriciae sp. nov., in having much shorter buccal tentacles, barely reaching beyond level of the anterior end, a slightly different arrangement of the swollen glandular areas from which the buccal tentacles arise, a larger number of pairs of notopodia associated with a shorter body, 40 – 42 pairs in specimens up to 79 mm long, against 29 – 35 in specimens up to 108 mm long, as in S. patriciae sp. nov., and uncini of the posterior part of region after notopodia terminate with 3 rows of secondary teeth, subterminal dorsal button and a longer prow. As said above, prior to the present study, three species of Streblosoma have been recorded from the Brazilian coast, S. oligobranchiatum Nogueira & Amaral, 2001 and S. porchatensis Nogueira, Garraffoni & Alves, 2004, which are only known from the State of São Paulo, and S. bairdi (Malmgren, 1866), with a wider distribution, from the State of São Paulo to Alagoas. In addition, three other species are known from the Caribean, which is relatively close to Rio Grande do Norte, S. hartmanae Kritzler, 1971, described from Florida, USA, S. oligocirrus, described from Jamaica, and S. polybranchia Verrill, 1900, from Bermuda. Streblosoma bairdi was originally described from the Swedish coast and, although its occurrence in Brazil is unlikely, it has been recorded by Nonato & Luna (1970), Rullier & Amoureux (1979) and Morgado & Amaral (1989). That material is not available for study, but Nonato & Luna (1970) provided a description of the Brazilian specimens and, according to these authors, it is another small species, up to 42 mm, and with fewer branchial filaments, around 3 – 8 filaments on each side of the pairs, against ~ 10 – 37 filaments as in S. patriciae sp. nov. In addition, Nonato & Luna (1970) state that their specimens have neuropodia beginning from the third branchial segment (segment 4), but this is unlikely to occur in a species of Streblosoma. Streblosoma oligobranchiatum and S. porchatensis are much shorter species than S. patriciae sp. nov., S. oligobranchiatum reaches up to 10 mm in length and S. porchatensis up to about 40 mm. In addition, S. oligobranchiatum has markedly fewer branchial filaments, 1 – 3 filaments on each side of the pair on segment 2 and 0 – 1 filament on each side of the pairs on segments 3 – 4, fewer pairs of notopodia, up to 23 pairs, notochaetae from posterior tier broadly-winged, instead of narrowly-winged, as in S. patriciae sp. nov., and inconspicuous nephridial and genital papillae, instead of conspicuous papillae on segments 4 – 7, as in S. patriciae sp. nov. (see Nogueira & Amaral 2001; Nogueira et al. 2004). Streblosoma porchatensis also has fewer branchial filaments than S. patriciae sp. nov., notopodia extending until close to pygidium, and uncini characteristically arranged in curved, C-shaped rows for most of body segments, instead of in single straight rows, as in S. patriciae sp. nov. (see Nogueira et al. 2004). In addition to having branchial filaments originating directly from the body wall, instead of from swollen glandular areas, S. hartmanae is also smaller, the holotype reaching around 50 mm in length, 1 mm in width, the paratypes even shorter, it also has fewer branchial filaments than S. patriciae sp. nov., broadly-winged notochaetae, especially on posterior notopodia, and nephridial papillae inserted between parapodial lobes. Streblosoma oligocirrus also has branchial filaments originating directly from the body wall and is much shorter than S. patriciae sp. nov., with more pairs of notopodia, longest cotype examined ~ 35 mm long, with 41 pairs of notopodia. In addition, it has branchial filaments in all pairs of branchiae inserted anteriorly to notopodia, with fewer filaments, 10 – 15 filaments on first pair of branchiae, ~ 10 in both second and third pairs, with distinctly wider mid-dorsal gap between filaments from left and right sides in all pairs, and nephridial papillae inserted between parapodial lobes. Finally, S. polybranchia is an unusual species of Streblosoma, for having lateral lobes on segments 1 and 2 and branchiae on segments 2 – 6, according to the original description (Verrill 1900). In addition, S. polybranchia differs from S. patriciae sp. nov., because it has 44 pairs of notopodia with a much shorter body, ~ 40 mm long.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64314FFE8FF1629703C46B3D4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We dedicate this species to Dr Patricia A. Hutchings, from the Australian Museum, not only for her friendship with one of us (JMMN), but also as recognition of a researcher who has studied the taxonomy and the relationships within the Terebellidae for more than 30 years.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6431DFFE8FF162BE23967B1DC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Terebellids with 0 – 3 pairs of branchiae, each consisting on unbranching filaments originating all from the same point on each side of pair, or branching or unbranching filaments originating from single basal stem on each side of pair. Ventral surface of body highly glandular anteriorly, discrete ventral shields present. Notopodia extending for variable number of segments, with distally winged or distally serrated notochaetae, both types with variable morphology. Neuropodia as sessile ridges until segment on which notopodia terminate, frequently as raised pinnules from first segment after notopodia terminate. Uncini about as long as high or higher than long, with dorsal button situated away from anterior margin of uncini, usually forming tuft of bristles below tip of main fang, and conspicuous prow; long-handled uncini sometimes present on some segments with biramous parapodia; uncini arranged in double rows at least on some segments with biramous parapodia.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6431EFFEBFF162EA23AF7B159.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Terebellines with 3 pairs of branching branchiae, on segments 2 – 4, or on discontinuous segments. Lobes on anterior segments absent. Notopodia beginning from segment 4, extending for variable number of segments, frequently until posterior body; notochaetae distally serrated, with or without hispid wing at midlength, frequently both types present. Neuropodia starting from segment 5, sessile throughout; uncini shorthandled, arranged in double rows from segment 11 to posterior body.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6431EFFEBFF162EA23AF7B159.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Terebella is a well known genus, reported worldwide. The genus presents variation in several characters which are not variable in the other genera of terebellines. The origin of the pairs of branchiae, for example, is variable in this genus, because although most species have branchiae inserted on segments 2 – 4, some species have pairs of branchiae inserted more posteriorly, on discontinuous segments (Hutchings & Glasby 1988). However, the genera Polymniella Verrill, 1900 and Terebellobranchia Day, 1951 are characterized by having pairs of branchiae inserted on discontinuous segments, and are otherwise very similar to species of Terebella. Therefore, if it is accepted that the insertion of the pairs of branchiae is variable within Terebella, the genera Polymniella and Terebellobranchia should be considered as junior synonyms of this genus (see Nogueira 2008; Nogueira et al. in press). The number of pairs of notopodia is another variable character within Terebella, since some species, such as T. leslieae sp. nov. (see below), have notopodia extending for a limited number of segments, with well marked “ thoracic ” and “ abdominal ” regions, while other species, including T. lapidaria and T. cf. verrilli (Verrill, 1873) sensu Nogueira, 2008, for example, have notopodia extending to posterior body and body regions are not clearly differentiated. All species of Terebella have distally serrated notochaetae, but there is intrageneric variation on the subtypes of distally serrated notochaetae present. Most species, including T. lapidaria, have medially winged notochaetae with distally serrated blade on anterior notopodia, and not-winged notochaetae with distally serrated blade at an angle with the shaft on posterior chaetigers. Other species, however, such as T. pappus Hutchings & Murray, 1984 and T. tantabiddycreekensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1980, have the same type of notochaetae throughout, not presenting a transition on the subtype of notochaetae from anterior to posterior notopodia. Most, if not all species of Terebella known previously to this study, however, have the same type of notochaetae on anterior and posterior tiers within the same notopodium, but T. leslieae sp. nov., has notochaetae from anterior tier different from those from posterior tier throughout and does not present transition on the subtypes of notochaetae present along the body (see below). Finally, differently from what occurs in most other genera of terebellines, the arrangement of the double rows of uncini is also variable within Terebella. Most species have completely separated rows of uncini, with rows facing each other in a beak-to-beak arrangement, as is the case of T. lapidaria and T. cf. verrilli sensu Nogueira, 2008, for example, but at least T. gorgonae Monro, 1933 has rows of uncini in a back-to-back arrangement (Capa & Hutchings 2006), and a few species have rows of uncini intercalating to varying degrees, such as T. pappus, T. tantabiddycreekensis and T. leslieae sp. nov. (see below) (see Nogueira et al. in press for more details). According to Amaral et al. (2006), a single species of Terebella is reported for Brazilian waters, T. pterochaeta Schmarda, 1861, recorded for the State of São Paulo (Morgado 1980; Duarte & Nalesso 1996), but this may be a doubtful record, because the type-locality of that species is South Africa. However, two other new species of Terebella were recently described in an unpublished M. Sc. Dissertation (Alves 2008), and have not yet been formally described.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6431FFFF2FF162EA23BE4B5CA.taxon	description	(Figs 6 – 10; Table 2)	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6431FFFF2FF162EA23BE4B5CA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type series. Holotype and paratypes 1 – 7 coll. Sta. 20 (05 ° 04 ’ 46.9 ” S 36 ° 26 ’ 19.5 ” W), 8 Nov 2007; holotype MZUSP 01042; paratype 1 MZUSP 01043, paratype 2 CIPY-POLY- 1388, paratype 3 CIPY-POLY- 1389, paratype 4 CIPY-POLY- 1390, paratypes 5 - 6 LACM-AHF POLY 2256, paratype 7 ZMUC- POL- 2106. Paratypes 8 – 10 coll. Sta. 22 (05 ° 05 ’ 12.9 ” S 36 ° 28 ’ 03.8 ” W), 10 Nov 2007; paratype 8 CIPY-POLY 1391, paratype 9 ZMUC-POL- 2107, paratype 10 MZUSP 01044. For more information on each specimen of type-series see Table 2. Additional material. Sta. 6 (05 ° 04 ’ 57.9 ” S 36 ° 28 ’ 31.5 ” W): 1 spec., coll. 10 Nov 2007. Sta. 20 (05 ° 04 ’ 46.9 ” S 36 ° 26 ’ 19.5 ” W): 8 specs plus 2 posterior ends and pieces of tubes, coll. 8 Nov 2007. Sta. 22 (05 ° 05 ’ 12.9 ” S 36 ° 28 ’ 03.8 ” W): 2 specs, coll. 10 Nov 2007. Comparative material examined. Terebella turgidula Ehlers, 1887. Holotype (MCZ 846), coll. Expedition Blake, USA, Florida, Key West, by A. Agassiz, 2 – 4 m, 1877 – 1878; incomplete spec., in poor state of preservation, damaged, almost broken in two pieces at midlength of region with biramous parapodia and also at transition between region with biramous parapodia and region after notopodia terminate; slides: notochaetae from segment 18; neurochaetae from segments 7, 12, 23 and 61. Terebella cf. verrilli (Verrill, 1873) sensu Nogueira, 2008. Non-type specs (YPM 30168), coll. Systematics Ecology Program 251, USA, Massachusetts, Woods Hole Harbor, Vineyard Sound, 15 Feb 1960, 2 incomplete specs in good state of preservation; non-type spec. (YPM 40571): coll. Systematics Ecology Program 251, USA, Massachusetts, Woods Hole Harbor, Vineyard Sound, 15 Feb 1960, complete spec. in good state of preservation; slides: notochaetae from segments 7, 15, 31 and 56; neurochaetae from segments 7, 10, 11, 26 and + 80.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6431FFFF2FF162EA23BE4B5CA.taxon	description	Description. Thick tube, mucous, with sand, small stones and fragments of shells embedded (Fig. 6 A). Complete specimens 11 – 32 (32) mm long, 0.8 – 1.8 (1.7) mm wide, buccal tentacles 7 – 16 (16) mm long, complete specimens with 53 – 80 (74) segments (Table 2). Preserved body uniformly beige, without distinct patterns of pigmentation (Fig. 6 A – L); body progressively wider until segment 10 – 11; anterior segments compact, about same length until segment 13, then segments longer (Figs 6 B – G, I – K; 7 A – G, J – L). Ventral shields on segments 2 – 13 or 14 (14), smooth shields, trapezoidal, slightly progressively wider until segment 7, then progressively narrower and longer until last 2 – 3 shields, which are distinctly narrower and shorter (Figs 6 C – E, I – K; 7 B, E – F); after segments 13 – 14, shields substituted by mid-ventral groove extending until pygidium (Figs 6 D, H; 7 A – B, E – F, H – I). Prostomium at base of upper lip; distal part forming laterally higher shelf-like process, from which buccal tentacles originate (Figs 6 C – G, I – K; 7 A – G, J – L); basal part of prostomium with thin row of eyespots more concentrated laterally, usually leaving mid-dorsal gap. Peristomium restricted to lips; upper lip longer than wide; lower lip swollen, cushion-like (Figs 6 C – E, I – K; 7 A – G, J – L). Segment 1 dorsally conspicuous, narrow, ending ventro-laterally below expanded lower lip or partially fused to it (Figs 6 C – G, I – K; 7 A – G, J – L), distinction between lower lip and segment 1 unclear and strongly dependent on state of preservation of specimens. Anterior segments not markedly inflated dorsally (Figs 6 A – C, E – G, I, K; 7 A, C – D, G, J – L). Three pairs of branching branchiae on segments 2 – 4, with conspicuous basal stem and short distal filaments; first pair slightly longer, second pair shorter, third pair almost same size as first; second pair lateralmost, vertically aligned with notopodia from segment 4, third pair dorsalmost, well separated from notopodia of segment 4 (Figs 6 C, E – G, I, K; 7 C – D, G, J – L). Notopodia from segment 4, extending until segment 27 – 36 (29 on left side of body, 30 on right side) (Table 2); notopodia short, rectangular, white glandular tissues not clearly visible; first pair same size as following ones, slightly dorsally aligned to them (Figs 6 C, E – G, I, K; 7 A – B, D, F – G, J – L); last 2 – 3 pairs markedly shorter. Notochaetae on both tiers medially narrowly-winged, with serrated blade throughout, those on anterior tier with blade basally at an angle of about 90 o with the shaft and curled tip, chaetae on posterior tier at least twice as long as those on anterior tier, with wing starting from point at which chaetae emerge from body wall and terminating at base of blade, and almost straight blade, aligned with shaft (Figs 8 A – D; 9 A – I). Neuropodia beginning from segment 5, as low rectangular ridges slightly raised from surface of body throughout (Figs 6 A – L; 7 A – B, D – L), situated laterally to mid-ventral groove from segment on which ventral shields terminate (Figs 6 D, H, L; 7 A – B, E – F, H – I), internal neuropodial shafts and neuropodial dorsal papilla both absent. Uncini short-handled throughout, with short triangular heel, short prow, downwardly directed process present, large dorsal button, situated at mid-length between base of main fang and tip of prow, not forming tuft of bristles below main fang, and crest with 2 – 3 rows of secondary teeth (Figs 8 E – F; 10 A – I); uncini arranged in double rows until close to pygidium (holotype with uncini arranged in double rows until 9 segments before pygidium); double rows in an intercalated, with a partially back-to-back arrangement from segment 11 until posterior segments (Figs 8 F – G; 10 C – I). Nephridial papillae as one pair of large, cylindrical papillae on segment 3, situated anteriorly, slightly dorsally to base of branchiae on segment 3 and vertically aligned to base of branchiae on segment 2 (Figs 6 F – G; 7 F – G, K – L); genital papillae between parapodial lobes on segments 6 – 7 (Fig. 7 D, G, J – L). Pygidium smooth (Figs 6 L; 7 A – B, H – I).	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6431FFFF2FF162EA23BE4B5CA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Terebella leslieae sp. nov., is smaller than most species of Terebella and, in addition, has some characters which are not found in most other species of the genus. Most species of Terebella have the same type of notochaetae on anterior and posterior tiers within the same notopodium, frequently with a transition on the type of notochaetae present from anterior to midbody notopodia, notopodia extending for a large number of segments, frequently until close to pygidium, double rows of uncini completely separated from each other, in a beak-to-beak arrangement, and more pairs of genital papillae, beginning from segment 6. In T. leslieae sp. nov., however, the notochaeta of the anterior row and the posterior row within the same notopodium are different throughout, and the uncini are arranged in a partial back-to back position. This latter character is difficult to see with light microscopy as when parts of the tori are compressed by cover slips they are often forced into a lateral position which distorts the arrangement of the uncinial rows (Fig. 8 F). They are best observed in frontal view without compression (Fig. 8 G). Viewed under the SEM the rows also seem to be completely intercalated, as the beaks of the uncini of one row terminate at the same level as the posterior crest of the uncini of the other row. Although they appear to be completely intercalated, the outward pointing position of the prows (as seen by the protuberances in the integument) show that the uncini of the two rows are really in a partial back-to-back arrangement (Fig. 10 C – I). The arrangement of the double rows of uncini is not usually mentioned in most taxonomic descriptions, but at least two Australian species of Terebella, T. pappus and T. tantabiddycreekensis, have uncini in a partial back-to-back arrangement on posterior segments (Nogueira et al. in press). Both these species differ from T. leslieae sp. nov., in having ventral shields extending to segment 16, notopodia extending until close to pygidium, with a single type of notochaetae throughout, medially narrowly-winged, with serrated blade along the same axis as the shaft, and genital papillae on segments 6 – 9. In contrast, T. leslieae sp. nov., has ventral shields until segment 13 – 14, two types of notochaetae throughout, both medially winged with serrated blade, but those on anterior tier with the blade basally at an angle of about 90 o with the shaft, while those on posterior tier have the blade aligned with the shaft, and genital papillae present only on segments 6 – 7. As said above, a single species of Terebella has been previously reported for the Brazilian coast, T. pterochaeta Schmarda, 1861, which was identified from the State of São Paulo (Amaral et al. 2006). However, these records (Morgado 1980; Duarte & Nalesso 1996) are from ecological studies, no descriptions of the Brazilian specimens were provided and the specimens are not available for study, because they were not deposited in any museum or collection. According to the redescription provided by Day (1967) from material from South Africa, which is the type-locality of T. pterochaeta, this species differs from T. leslieae sp. nov., in being a larger species, reaching up to 100 mm, and in having 2 pairs of branchiae (although the original description states that 3 pairs of branchiae are present [Schmarda 1861; see Hutchings & Glasby 1988]), notochaetae with broader medial wing, especially on anterior notopodia, and uncini with 3 – 4 rows of secondary teeth, while the longest specimen of T. leslieae sp. nov., examined for the present study is 32 mm long and the species has 3 pairs of branchiae, notochaetae throughout with narrow medial wing basally to the serrated blade and uncini with 3 rows of secondary teeth. In addition, Day (1967) did not mention the arrangement of the double rows of uncini, or the segments on which genital papillae are present, but, according to his Fig. 36.10 A, the latter are present between parapodial lobes of segments 5 – 22. For the Caribbean region, in addition to T. pterochaeta, a single species of Terebella has been reported, T. verrilli (Verrill, 1873). Terebella turgidula Ehlers, 1887 was also described from this region, but it was synonymized to Eupolymnia crassicornis (Schmarda, 1861) by Augener (1925) and that was considered as correct by Hartman (1938), Rullier (1974) and Holthe (1986). However, Londoño-Mesa (2009) considered that the synonymy was incorrect and that this taxon actually belongs to Terebella. We have examined the holotype of T. turgidula and, as stated in the original description (Ehlers 1887), it has lobes on anterior segments and notopodia extending until segment 18, with distally winged notochaetae. In addition, it has neuropodia of the region after notopodia terminate as raised pinnules bearing uncini arranged in a single row. All these characters match the diagnosis of Eupolymnia, but not that of Terebella. A formal redescription of this taxon will be provided soon (Nogueira et al. in prep.). A redescription of T. verrilli was recently provided by Nogueira (2008), as T. cf. verrilli, based on material from the type-locality, in Massachusetts, USA. According to Nogueira (2008), T. verrilli differs from T. leslieae sp. nov., in being a larger species, reaching around 60 mm in length, and in having ventral shields on segments 2 – 12, the anterior ones crenulated, notopodia extending until posterior body, with notochaetae on anterior notopodia with basally swollen medial wing, without wing on notochaetae of posterior notopodia, double rows of uncini completely separated from each other, in a beak-to-beak arrangement, and genital papillae on segments 6 – 10, while T. leslieae sp. nov., in addition to what has been said above, has all ventral shields smooth, and notopodia extending until segments 27 – 36, followed by long region with neuropodia only.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6431FFFF2FF162EA23BE4B5CA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We dedicate this species to Leslie Harris, collection manager of the polychaete collection of the Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History (LACMNH), not only for her friendship with one of us (JMMN), but also as a deserved homage to a person who has always provided access to the polychaete collection of the LACMNH for polychaetologists from the whole world, giving support much beyond that expected from her and frequently hosting them in her own home.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64307FFF2FF162DDF3A45B0D9.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Terebella zostericola Ørsted, 1844, designated by Malmgren (1866).	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64307FFF2FF162DDF3A45B0D9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Terebellines with 2 pairs of branching branchiae, on segments 2 – 3. Lobes on anterior segments absent. Notopodia starting from segment 4, extending for 15 – 40 segments; notochaetae narrowly-winged. Neuropodia starting from segment 5, sessile on region with biramous parapodia, as raised pinnules after notopodia terminate; uncini short-handled throughout, arranged in completely intercalated double rows from segment 10 – 11 until segment on which notopodia terminate. Nephridial papillae on segment 3, genital papillae on segments 6 – 7, usually males with cylindrical, digitiform genital papillae, females with spherical papillae (Hessle 1917; McHugh 1995; Nogueira 2008).	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64307FFF2FF162DDF3A45B0D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Nicolea is a large genus, reported worldwide. The genus is conservative in regards to numbers of pairs of branchiae, morphology of notochaetae, arrangement of the double rows of uncini and the position of nephridial and genital papillae. On the other hand, Nicolea exhibits variation in the number of pairs of notopodia, the segment on which the double rows of uncini begin, the morphology of genital papillae and the presence of secondary sexual dimorphism. In Brazil, a single species of Nicolea has been reported prior to the present study, N. uspiana (Nogueira, 2003), from the state of São Paulo.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64307FFFAFF1628E83920B7F9.taxon	description	(Figs. 11 – 15; Table 3)	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64307FFFAFF1628E83920B7F9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype and paratypes 1 – 10 coll. Sta. 20 (05 ° 04 ’ 46.9 ” S 36 ° 26 ’ 19.5 ” W), 8 Nov 2007; holotype MZUSP 01032, paratype 1 CIPY-POLY- 1392, paratype 2 MZUSP 01033, paratype 3 MZUSP 01034, paratypes 4 - 5 LACM-AHF POLY 2257, paratype 6 ZMUC-POL- 2108, paratype 7 CIPY-POLY- 1393, paratype 8 CIPY-POLY- 1394, paratype 9 CIPY-POLY- 1395, paratype 10 MZUSP 01035. For more information on each specimen of type-series see Table 3. Additional material. Sta. 20 (05 ° 04 ’ 46.9 ” S 36 ° 26 ’ 19.5 ” W): 1 posterior end, coll. 8 Nov 2007. Sta 22 (05 ° 05 ’ 12.9 ” S 36 ° 28 ’ 03.8 ” W): 1 spec., coll. 10 Nov 2007. Sta 24 (05 ° 04 ’ 05.6 ” S 36 ° 26 ’ 19.5 ” W): 3 specs plus pieces of tubes of another taxon, coll. 11 Nov 2007. Comparative material examined. Nicolea uspiana (Nogueira, 2003): Holotype (MHN BPO 72 / 0) and 5 paratypes (MHN BPO 72 / 1 – 5), coll. Ilha Porchat, São Vicente, State of São Paulo, Brazil (23 º 59 ’ S 46 º 22 ’ W), 17 Nov 2002. Non-type material: 331 specs, coll. Praia do Guaraú, Peruíbe, State of São Paulo, Brazil (24 o 22 ’ S 47 o 01 ’ W), 5 Mar 2007. Nicolea cetrata (Ehlers, 1887, as Terebella cetrata). Holotype (MCZ 834), coll. Expedition Blake, USA, Florida, Key West, by A. Agassiz, 2 – 4 m, 1877 – 1878; incomplete spec., in relatively good state of preservation; slides: notochaetae from segment 18; neurochaetae from segments 6, 13, 23, 61.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64307FFFAFF1628E83920B7F9.taxon	description	Description. Thick tube, mucous, with sand, small stones and fragments of shells embedded. Complete specimens 15 – 22 mm long, around 1 mm wide, with up to 55 segments; larger incomplete specimens up to 24 (17) mm long, 2.1 (1.5) mm wide (Table 3); buccal tentacles up to 14 (6) mm long. Preserved body uniformly beige, neuropodia throughout bordered with brown pigmentation, notopodia with brown line at tip (Figs 11 A – C, E – H; 12 A – B, F – H). Anterior segments slightly inflated dorsally (Figs 11 B – C, E – G; 12 A, C, E – H; 13 A – B, D – E, G – I). Body progressively wider until segment 8; anterior segments compact, about same length, segments progressively longer from segment 8 until segment on which notopodia terminate, more evident from segment 11 (Figs 11 A – H; 12 A – B, F – H; 13 A – I). Ventral shields on segments 2 – 15 or 16 (2 – 15), smooth shields, rectangular; shields on segments 2 – 4 about same width, then shields progressively narrower and longer until segment 15 – 16, more evident from segment 7 (Figs 11 A, C, E – I; 12 A – B, F – H; 13 B – C, F – G, J); after segments 15 – 16 shields replaced by mid-ventral groove extending until pygidium (Figs 11 A, L; 13 C, F). Prostomium at base of upper lip; distal part forming shelf-like process from which buccal tentacles originate; basal part of prostomium with thin row of eyespots more concentrated laterally, mid-dorsal gap sometimes present. Peristomium restricted to lips; upper lip longer than wide; lower lip swollen, cushion-like (Figs 11 H – I; 12 A – B, D, F – H; 13 C, F, J). Segment 1 dorsally short, with well developed ventral lobe below lower lip (Figs 11 A – I, K; 12 A – H; 13 C, F – G, J). Two pairs of branching branchiae on segments 2 – 3, with conspicuous annulated basal stem and ramifications ending in short filaments; ramifications dichotomous or arborescent, varying between specimens and sometimes within same specimen, from first to second pairs of branchiae; first pair longer, with longer basal stem, inserted slightly more dorsally than second pair (Figs 11 A – G, J – K; 12 A – C, E – H; 13 A – E, G – J, L) (holotype with first pair of branchiae dichotomously branching and arborescent second pair; Fig. 11 A – G, J – K). Most specimens, including holotype, with seventeen pairs of notopodia, on segments 4 – 20 (Table 3); first two pairs shorter and dorsally aligned to following ones (Figs 11 B – C, E – G; 12 A, C, E – H; 13 B, G – H, L). Narrowly-winged notochaetae on both tiers, those on posterior tier with wing starting from mid-length of chaetae (Figs 14 A; 15 A – D). Neuropodia beginning from segment 5, as low rectangular ridges slightly raised from surface of body until segment on which notopodia terminate (Figs 11 A – I, L; 12 A – B, F – H; 13 B – H, J – L), as raised pinnules on abdomen, situated laterally to mid-ventral groove (Figs 11 L, 15 I), with internal neuropodial shafts. Uncini short-handled throughout, with short triangular heel, short prow, downwardly directed process present, dorsal button situated at mid-length between base of main fang and tip of prow, and crest with 2 rows of secondary teeth (Figs 14 B – E; 15 E – K); uncini arranged in completely intercalated double rows from segment 10 until segment on which notopodia terminate (Figs 14 D; 15 G – H). Nephridial papillae as one pair of short papillae on segment 3, situated posteriorly to base of branchiae on segment 3 and vertically aligned to it (Fig. 13 L); genital papillae situated posteriorly to notopodia on segments 6 – 7, females with large, spherical papillae (Figs 11 B – G, K; 13 G – H, L), males with relatively short, thick digitiform papillae, larger on segment 6 (Fig. 12 A, C, E – H; 13 A – E, K). Pygidium smooth. Variation. Ocelli readily fade and disappear in preserved specimens. Most specimens, including paratypes 1 – 2, 4, 6 – 8 and 10, have ocelli in a continuous row across basal part of prostomium, but holotype and a few other specimens have lighter ocelli, with conspicuous mid-dorsal gap, and in other specimens, including paratypes 3 and 5, ocelli have completely disappeared. The number of pairs of notopodia presents little variation. Except for paratype 9, which has notopodia extending until segment 19, and paratype 6, which has notopodia until segment 21 on the right side of the body and 20 on the left side, all other specimens have notopodia on segments 4 – 20 (Table 3). However, paratype 9 is also much smaller than the other specimens (Table 3) and is possibly a juvenile, since it also has genital papillae distinctly smaller than on most paratypes.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64307FFFAFF1628E83920B7F9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. As said above, the only species of Nicolea reported for the Brazilian coast prior to the present study is N. uspiana, known from the State of São Paulo. Nicolea uspiana differs from N. ceciliae sp. nov., in having branchiae and genital papillae with different morphology, segment 1 not forming a ventral lobe below the lower lip, uncini arranged in double rows from segment 11, and ventral shields extending until segment 20, while N. ceciliae sp. nov., has uncini arranged in double rows from segment 10 and ventral shields extending until segment 15 – 16. The branchiae of N. uspiana are always arborescent (Nogueira 2003; Alves 2008), not presenting the variation observed in N. ceciliae sp. nov., between dichotomously branching and arborescent types. In regards to the species of Nicolea occurring in the Caribbean region, Salazar-Vallejo (1996) listed two species occurring in that area, N. cetrata (Ehlers, 1887), which was described from Key West, Florida, USA, and N. modesta Verrill, 1900, described from Bermuda. However, the study of the holotype of N. cetrata demonstrated that it has lobes on anterior segments, broadly-winged notochaetae and long-handled uncini on anterior segments, which is not in agreement with the diagnosis of Nicolea, but with Pista, as correctly noticed by Londoño-Mesa (2009). Therefore, this species is discussed below, as P. cetrata. On the other hand, N. modesta was considered by Holthe (1986) as indeterminable and its original description states that it has notopodia from segment 3 and neuropodia from segment 4 (Verrill 1900). If this is correct, the species must also be allocated to a different genus, still undescribed, as noted by Nogueira (2008).	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64307FFFAFF1628E83920B7F9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We dedicate this species to Dr Cecília Amaral, from Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, for her great contribution to the knowledge of Brazilian marine invertebrates. Dr Amaral has been the coordinator of most projects which have investigated invertebrate biodiversity in Brazil in recent years, being responsible for a great increase on the knowledge of the Brazilian fauna of polychaetes and other groups of invertebrates.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6430FFFC5FF162C303B37B774.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Amphitrite cristata Müller, 1776, by original designation.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6430FFFC5FF162C303B37B774.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Usually two or three pairs of branchiae, on segments 2 – 3 or 2 – 4, a few species with a single pair of branchiae on segment 2; branchiae usually with long basal stem. Lobes present on segments 1 – 4, sometimes extending posteriorly for some more segments. Usually 17 pairs of notopodia, beginning from segment 4, with broadly-winged notochaetae. Neuropodia from segment 5, with long-handled uncini on some anterior segments, frequently until end of notopodia (segment 20), then short-handled until end of body; long handle originating exclusively from heel; uncini in double rows, usually in a completely intercalated arrangement, on segments 11 – 20. Nephridial papillae usually on segment 3, dorsally to insertion of lobes on segment 3, genital papillae usually on segments 6 – 7, posterior to notopodia and dorsally aligned to them.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D6430FFFC5FF162C303B37B774.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pista is a large genus, reported worldwide, characterized by the presence of lobes on anterior segments, long-handled uncini occurring for variable number of segments on the region with biramous parapodia, and 17 pairs of notopodia with broadly-winged notochaetae. The morphology of lobes in this group, especially in regards to the shape of lobes on segment 1, is important in distinguishing species. Some species, including the type-species, P. cristata (Müller, 1776), have low ventro-lateral lobes on segment 1, just around the lower lip and not extending anteriorly and covering the anterior end, while other species, including the species described in this paper, have larger lobes on segment 1, extending anteriorly and laterally covering the anterior end, connected to each other by lower mid-ventral membrane partially exposing the lower lip. Most species of Pista have two pairs of branchiae, but a few species have three pairs, such as P. cretacea (Grube, 1860), discussed below. Some species have been described as having a single pair of branchiae, however most of these taxa also have short-handled uncini throughout and therefore they should be transferred to the genus Pistella Hartmann-Schröder, 1996; the exception is Pista sp. B sensu Kritzler, 1984, discussed below. The shape of branchiae also shows great variability from plume-shape to branching branchiae, usually with long basal stem (see Hutchings & Glasby 1988). The number of pairs of notopodia, and the segment on which they start also exhibit some intrageneric variation. Most species have 17 pairs of notopodia, beginning from segment 4, but P. quadrilobata (Augener, 1918) has notopodia on segments 4 – 21, and Pista sp. A sensu Kritzler, 1984 has notopodia on segments 4 – 18. In Brazil, four species of Pista have been recorded prior to this study, P. corrientis McIntosh, 1885, occurring from the state of Rio Grande do Sul to Rio de Janeiro (Lana 1981; Blankensteyn 1988; Nogueira 2000; Alves 2008) and in Sergipe (Santos et al. 1994), P. cretacea, only known from the State of São Paulo, P. cristata, from the State of Rio Grande do Sul to Alagoas, and P. herpini Fauvel, 1928, from the State of São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro (Amaral et al. 2006). Except for P. corrientis, type locality off Argentina, the other three species were originally described from localities distant from Brazil and their occurrences in the country are unlikely, however it is not possible to check these identifications, because the Brazilian specimens are not lodged in any museum. On the other hand, although P. corrientis was described from an area close to Brazil, off the mouth of Rio de la Plata, the holotype was collected from ~ 1100 m deep (600 fathoms) and all recent material is from the intertidal zone to shallow water. In order to confirm that identification, the holotype of P. corrientis was examined and the Brazilian material belongs to a separate species, still undescribed and treated herein as Pista sp. The redescription of P. corrientis and the description of Pista sp. are beyond the scope of the present paper and will be published elsewhere (Nogueira at al. in prep.).	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64330FFCCFF162F4239F8B130.taxon	description	(Figs. 16 – 19; Table 4)	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64330FFCCFF162F4239F8B130.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype and paratypes 1 – 4 coll. Sta. 8 (05 ° 04 ’ 01.4 ” S 36 ° 27 ’ 31.3 ” W), 9 Nov 2007; holotype MZUSP 01036, paratype 1 CIPY-POLY- 1396, paratype 2 CIPY-POLY- 1397, paratype 3 CIPY-POLY- 1398, paratype 4 LACM-AHF POLY 2263. Paratype 5 LACM-AHF POLY 2258, coll. Sta. 12 (05 ° 04 ’ 57.9 ” S 36 ° 28 ’ 31.5 ” W), 10 Nov 2007. Paratypes 6 – 7 coll. Sta. 10 (05 ° 04 ' 30.3 ” S 36 ° 27 ' 53.9 ” W), 9 Nov 2007; paratype 6 MZUSP 01037, paratype 7 CIPY-POLY- 1399. Paratypes 8 – 9 coll. Sta. 5 (05 ° 04 ’ 44.7 ” S 36 ° 26 ’ 33.5 ” W), 9 Nov 2007; paratype 8 MZUSP 01038, paratype 9 ZMUC-POL- 2109. For more information on each specimen of type-series see Table 4. Comparative material examined. Pista cetrata (Ehlers, 1887, as Terebella cetrata). Holotype (MCZ 834), coll. Expedition Blake, USA, Florida, Key West, by A. Agassiz, 2 – 4 m, 1877 – 1878; incomplete spec., in relatively good state of preservation; slides: notochaetae from segment 18; neurochaetae from segments 6, 13, 23, 61. Pista corrientis McIntosh, 1885. Holotype (BMNH 1885.12.1.348): coll. Challenger Exp., South Atlantic, Argentina, off the mouth of Rio de la Plata (37 o 17 ’ S 53 o 52 ’ W), in sea bottom with green sand, ~ 1100 m (600 ft), 14 Feb 1876; complete spec., in poor state of preservation, but important characters still visible; all notochaetae shaved off; slides: neurochaetae from segments 9, 19, 23 and 83. Pista cristata (Müller, 1776). Non-type material. ZMUC Pol 707: coll. R / V “ Ophelia ” dredge 72, North Atlantic Ocean, Denmark, off Laesø, W edge of Kummelbankens, by C. Nielsen, 39 – 43 m, stones and mud, 7 Jul 1960; 2 specs in relatively good state of preservation, all posteriorly incomplete; slides: notochaetae from segments 6 and 19; neurochaetae from segments 5 – 11, 14 and anterior part of region after notopodia terminate. ZMUC Pol 2054: coll. North Atlantic Ocean, Denmark, Frederikshavn, by H. Ditlevsen, soft bottom, 15 Jul 1927; 3 specs in relatively good state of preservation, all posteriorly incomplete and partially inside the tubes. ZMUC Pol 2055: coll. Biological field course, North Atlantic Ocean, Denmark, Laesø Rende, 30 m, 29 Jul 1947; 3 specs in poor state of preservation, 2 of them inside the tubes. ZMUC Pol 2056: coll. Biological field course, North Atlantic Ocean, Denmark, Frederikshavn, 1 Aug 1947; 6 specs in relatively good state of preservation, 4 of them partially inside the tubes. Pista palmata (Verrill, 1873, as Scionopsis palmata). Non-type material. USNM 090608: coll. North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, USA, Texas, off Port Isabel (26 o 10 ’ N 97 o 08 ’ W), BLM, Sta IV- 4, ves: STOCS, winter 1977, 15 m; incomplete spec., in relatively poor state of preservation. USNM 090611: coll. North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, USA, Texas, off Port Isabel (26 o 10 ’ 00 ” N 97 o 08 ’ 00 ” W), BLM, Sta S- 53, ves: IXTOC, Dec 1980, 15 m; fragment in very poor state of preservation. USNM 090610: coll. North Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, USA, Texas, off Port Isabel (26 o 10 ’ N 97 o 08 ’ W), BLM, Sta IV- 4, ves: STOCS, fall 1983, 15 m; 2 specs, one complete and tiny, other incomplete, both in very poor state of preservation; slides: spec. USNM 090610 (incomplete spec.): notochaetae from segments 6 and 18; neurochaetae from segments 5, 11, 27. Pista sombreriana McIntosh, 1885. Holotype (BMNH 1885. 12.1.344): coll. Challenger Exp., North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean, off Sombrero and St. Thomas; incomplete spec. in very poor state of preservation, in three pieces, anterior piece further cut in two halves along longitudinal midline; slides: notochaetae from segment 14; neurochaetae from segments 6, posterior part of region with biramous parapodia and anterior part of region after notopodia terminate (the state of preservation of the specimen prevents from counting the segments). Pista sp.: Brazil, southeastern continental shelf, off State of Paraná: AM W 34750: coll. 26 ° 22 ' S 48 ° 19 ' 08 ” W, 49 m, sand with mud, 3 Nov 1985; 1 spec., mounted on SEM stub. MCEM-BPO 271: coll. 24 ° 16 ' S 46 ° 01 ' 02 ” W, 45 m, sand, 26 Mar 1984; 2 specs. MCEM – BPO 273: coll. 26 ° 22 ' S 48 ° 19 ' 08 ” W, 49 m, sand with mud, 17 Mar 1984; 2 specs. MCEM – BPO 274: coll. 25 ° 04 ' S 46 ° 26 ' 00 ” W, 65 m, sand with mud, 22 Mar 1984; 1 spec.; slides: notochaetae from segments 5 and 14; neurochaetae from segments 5 – 14 and from region after notopodia terminate. MCEM – BPO 276: coll. 26 ° 22 ' S 48 ° 19 ' 08 ” W, 49 m, sand with mud, 3 Nov 1985; 2 specs. MCEM – BPO 277: coll. 25 ° 55 ' S 47 ° 52 ' 03 ” W, 49 m, sand with mud, 4 Nov 1985; 1 spec. MCEM – BPO 278: coll. 25 ° 04 ' S 46 ° 26 ' 00 ” W, 65 m, sand with mud, 13 Nov 1985; 1 spec. State of Paraná, Paranaguá Bay: MCEM – BPO 282: coll. 25 ° 33 ' S 48 ° 25 ’ W, 18 m, sand with gravel and mud, 27 Feb 1986; 2 specs. Brazil, southeastern continental shelf, off State of São Paulo, Project “ REVIZEE ”: coll. 24 ° 46 ' S 45 ° 11 ' W, 99 m, 12 Jan 1998; 1 spec. coll. 25 ° 11 ' S 47 ° 08 ' W, 157 m, 16 Dec 1997; 5 specs. State of São Paulo, Santos, Ilha das Palmas (24 ° 00 ' S 46 ° 19 ' W), intertidal, on rocky shore, Project “ Biodiversidade de Anelídeos Poliquetas em Costões Rochosos ao Longo do Estado de São Paulo ”: coll. 6 Mar 2004, 1 spec.; coll. 5 Oct 2005, 1 spec. State of São Paulo, São Sebastião, offshore, Project “ BIOTA / FAPESP / Benthic Marine Biodiversity in the State of São Paulo ”: coll. 23 ° 42 ' S 45 ° 11 ' W, 25.2 m, 13 Feb 2001, 2 specs; coll. 23 ° 46 ' S 45 ° 10 ' W, 39.3 m, 23 Jun 2001, 1 spec.; São Sebastião, Praia da Baleia (23 ° 46 ' S 45 ° 39 ' W), intertidal, on rocky shore, Project “ Biodiversidade de Anelídeos Poliquetas em Costões Rochosos ao Longo do Estado de São Paulo ”: coll. 23 Jul 2005, 1 spec.; coll. 17 Out 2005, 1 spec.; São Sebastião, Praia de São Francisco (23 ° 44 ' S 45 ° 24 ' W), intertidal, on rocky shore, Project “ Biodiversidade de Anelídeos Poliquetas em Costões Rochosos ao Longo do Estado de São Paulo ”: coll. 24 Jul 2005, 1 spec. State of São Paulo, Caraguatatuba, offshore, Project “ BIOTA / FAPESP / Benthic Marine Biodiversity in the State of São Paulo ”: coll. 23 ° 42 ' S 45 ° 11 ' W, 25 m, 22 Apr 2001, 1 spec.; coll. 23 ° 43 ' S 45 ° 18 ' W, 11 m, 27 Nov 2002, 1 spec.; coll. 23 ° 53 ' S 45 ° 30 ' W, 25 m, 15 Feb 2001, 1 spec.; Praia Martim de Sá (23 ° 37 ' S 45 ° 22 ' W), shallow water, in algae on rocky shore, Project “ BIOTA / FAPESP / Benthic Marine Biodiversity in the State of São Paulo ”: 16 Mar 2001, 1 spec. State of São Paulo, Ubatuba, offshore, Project “ BIOTA / FAPESP / Benthic Marine Biodiversity in the State of São Paulo ”: coll. 23 ° 25 ' S 44 ° 46 ' W, 35 m, 17 Mar 2001, 8 specs; coll. 23 ° 25 ' S 44 ° 46 ' W, 35 m, 10 Jun 2001, 1 spec.; coll. 23 ° 31 ' S 45 ° 05 ' W, 8 m, 21 Mar 2002, 1 spec.; coll. 23 ° 32 ' S 45 ° 05 ' W, 15.5 m, 23 Mar 2002, 1 spec.; coll. 23 ° 33 ' S 45 ° 04 ' W, 23.4 m, 23 Mar 2002, 1 spec.; coll. 23 ° 48 ' S 45 ° 10 ' W, 30.1 m, 20 May 2002, 1 spec.; Ubatuba, Praia de Picinguaba (23 ° 22 ' S 44 ° 50 ' W), shallow water, in algae on rocky shore, Project “ BIOTA / FAPESP / Benthic Marine Biodiversity in the State of São Paulo ”: coll. 8 Jun 2001, 6 specs; coll. 8 Oct 2001, 1 spec.; coll. 18 Oct 2001, 2 specs. Brazil, southeastern continental shelf, off State of Rio de Janeiro, Project “ REVIZEE ”: coll. 21 ° 51 ' S 40 ° 07 ' W, 110 m, 2 Mar 1998, 1 spec.; coll. 24 ° 02 ' S 43 ° 30 ' W, 147 m, 14 Feb 1998, 23 specs.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64330FFCCFF162F4239F8B130.taxon	description	Description. Thick tube, mucous, with sand, coarse stones and fragments of shells embedded (Fig. 16 A). All specimens incomplete, holotype longest specimen examined, 77 mm long, ~ 2 mm wide, with ~ 106 segments (Table 4); all specimens with short buccal tentacles, up to 5 (3.5) mm long. Preserved body light brown, with darker pigmentation on lobes and around neuropodia (Fig. 16 A – J). Body not remarkably inflated dorsally (Figs 16 A, C – E, G – I; 17 A – C, E, I – J); anterior segments compact, about same length, segments progressively longer from segment 8 until end of notopodia, more evident from segments 13 – 14 (Figs 16 A – I; 17 A – F, H – J). Ventral shields on segments 2 – 16, shields smooth, rectangular, widest shield on segment 2, progressively narrower until segment 8, then about same width until segment 16; shields progressively longer from segment 6 (Figs 16 A – B, F; 17 B, D, F, H, J); after segment 16 shields substituted by mid-ventral groove extending posteriorly. Prostomium at base of upper lip, laterally covered by lobes on segment 1 (Figs 16 A – J; 17 A – B, D – F, H – J); distal part forming shelf-like process from which buccal tentacles originate; eyespots on basal part of prostomium absent. Peristomium restricted to lips; upper lip short, distinctly wider than long; lower lip short, cushion-like, partially covered by lobes on segment 1 (Figs 16 F, J; 17 D, H). Segment 1 narrow, with one pair of large, distally rounded lobes originating dorso-laterally, extending anteriorly and ventrally, covering the anterior end, connected to each other by lower mid-ventral membrane, partially exposing lower lip (Figs 16 A – J; 17 A – B, D – F, H – J). Segment 2 dorsally and laterally short, longer ventrally, with one pair of short and rounded ventro-lateral lobes, connected to each other by low membrane across ventrum (Figs 16 B, D – G, J; 17 B, D – F, H, J). Segment 3 with one pair of large, distally rounded lobes originating close to dorsal midline, with deep dorso-lateral indentation dividing lobes into two rounded parts, and terminating ventro-laterally at level of lateral margins of ventral shields, far beyond level of ventral edge of neuropodia (Figs 16 A – J; 17 A – F, H – J). Segment 4 with short lateral lobes as thin flaps (Figs 16 A – J; 17 A – F, H – J); segments 5 – 6 with short ventro-lateral lobes, as low flaps between ventral shields and neuropodia (Figs 16 B – G; 17 A – B, D – F, H – J). Two pairs of branchiae on segments 2 – 3, with long basal stem and secondary branches originating all at same level and similar in length (Figs 16 A – I; 17 A – F, H – J); pairs of branchiae vertically aligned. Seventeen pairs of notopodia, starting from segment 4 and extending until segment 20, all similar in size; notopodia of segments 4 – 8 inserted progressively more laterally, then vertically aligned (Figs 16 A, C – E, G – I; 17 A – C, E – F, I – J). Broadly-winged notochaetae on both tiers, wing basally bulbous and distinctly broader on one margin, notochaetae on posterior tier with wing starting from mid-length of chaetae (Figs 18 A – B; 19 A – B); anterior notopodia with notochaetae on posterior tier about twice as long as those on anterior tier (Figs 18 A; 19 A), posterior notopodia with notochaetae on posterior tier slightly longer than those on anterior tier (Fig. 18 B). Neuropodia starting from segment 5, as low rectangular ridges slightly raised from surface of the body until segment on which notopodia terminate (Figs 16 A – I; 17 A – J), as raised pinnules thereafter, situated laterally on body, well separated from mid-ventral groove (Fig. 17 G), with short dorsal papilla (Figs 17 G, 19 J) and internal neuropodial shafts. Long-handled uncini present until segment on which notopodia terminate, with thin handle as an extension of heel, originating from lighter, less chitinized lower part of the base (Fig. 18 C – F); uncini on region with biramous parapodia with distally rounded prow, downwardly directed process present, dorsal button situated at mid-length between base of main fang and tip of prow, and crest with 3 – 4 rows of secondary teeth (Figs 18 C – F; 19 C – F); uncini arranged in completely intercalated double rows from segment 11 until segment on which notopodia terminate (Figs 18 E; 19 E – F); after notopodia terminate, uncini similar to anterior ones, but short-handled and with inconspicuous dorsal button (Figs 18 G – H; 19 G – J). One pair of short nephridial papillae on segment 3, inserted dorsally to bases of lobes, between bases of lobes and bases of branchial stalks; genital papillae situated posterior and dorsally to notopodia on segments 6 – 7 (Figs 16 H – I; 17 A, C, E, I). Pygidium unknown. Variation. The specimens examined are all posteriorly incomplete and poorly preserved from the beginning of the region after notopodia terminate. The only character which shows variation among the material examined is the size of branchiae. In most specimens, at least one of the branchiae is missing and frequently they are different in size from one side of the body to the other, within the same pair. Most specimens have the branchiae of the first pair longer than those of the second pair, but the opposite occurs in some specimens. This possibly indicates that branchiae are easily lost and regenerated in this species.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64330FFCCFF162F4239F8B130.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pista alonsae sp. nov., belongs to the group of species of Pista with large lobes on segment 1, extending anteriorly and laterally covering the anterior end, as discussed above. Of the four other species of Pista reported for the Brazilian coast, P. cristata (Müller, 1776) and P. cretacea (Grube, 1860) have short lobes on segment 1, just around the lower lip and not covering the anterior end, while Pista sp. and P. herpini Fauvel, 1928 have lobes on segment 1 as those of P. alonsae sp. nov. Pista cristata was originally described from Norway and its occurrence in Brazil is doubtful, however this species has been recorded worldwide (Moore 1903; Fauvel 1927; Hartman 1945, 1965, 1966; Imajima & Hartman, 1964; Day, 1967) and is certainly a complex of sibling species. Pista cristata has been recorded for a long extension along the Brazilian coast, from the State of Rio Grande do Sul to Alagoas (Nonato & Luna 1970; Nonato 1973; Rullier & Amoureux 1979; Blankensteyn 1988). In addition to the different morphology of the lobes on segment 1, P. cristata differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in having plume-shaped branchiae, with filaments originating in a spiral around basal stem, segment 2 with thickened anterior margin all around, forming a low collar completely encircling the body, and with one pair of longer and more laterally placed ventro-lateral lobes, and segment 3 with shorter lateral lobes and a mid-dorsal rectangular crest from which branchiae originate at each upper corner, while P. alonsae sp. nov., has branching branchiae, with all branches originating at same level, segment 2 without thickened anterior margins encircling the body, especially dorsally, and with shorter and more ventrally placed pair of lobes, and segment 3 with larger lobes almost reaching dorsal midline, divided into two parts by dorso-lateral indentation, a mid-dorsal crest is absent.. Pista cretacea was originally described from the Mediterranean. In Brazil, the only record for this species was provided in a thesis focused on ecological aspects, carried out on a bay off the State of São Paulo (Forneris 1969); a complete description of Brazilian specimens was not provided and material was not deposited in any collection. In addition to the different morphology of the lobes on segment 1, P. cretacea, according to the redescription by Fauvel (1927), differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in being a shorter and wider species, up to 25 mm long and 6 mm wide, and in having distinctly shorter lobes on segment 3, absence of lobes on segment 4, three pairs of branchiae, double rows of uncini in a partially intercalated arrangement, and nephridial and genital papillae on segments 3 – 15. In contrast, the holotype of P. alonsae sp. nov., which is the longest specimen examined, is posteriorly incomplete and is 77 mm in length and around 2 mm in width; in addition, P. alonsae sp. nov., has short lateral lobes on segment 4 as thin flaps, two pairs of branchiae, double rows of uncini in a completely intercalated arrangement, and nephridial and genital papillae only present on segments 3 and 6 – 7. Pista herpini was originally described from India (Fauvel 1928). In Brazil, this species has been recorded from the States of São Paulo (Morgado 1980; Morgado & Amaral 1989) and Rio de Janeiro (Attolini 1997). Similarly to P. cretacea, P. herpini, according to the original description (Fauvel 1928), differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in being a smaller species, reaching 25 mm in length, in not having lobes on segment 4, and in only having long-handled uncini on segments 5 – 6, while P. alonsae sp. nov., has long-handled uncini on segments 5 – 20. Moreover, it is unclear whether Fauvel (1928) examined mature specimens or not, because he said genital papillae were not visible in his material, although he examined many specimens. In the case of P. alonsae sp. nov., genital papillae are reduced, sometimes inconspicuous in immature specimens, but conspicuous in mature worms. Pista sp. is a common species in south and southeastern Brazil and it is morphologically very similar to P. alonsae sp. nov. This species occurs along the Brazilian coast from the states of Rio Grande do Sul to Rio de Janeiro and in Sergipe, however, although it has been described in several unpublished M. Sc. Dissertations and Ph. D. Thesis (Lana 1981; Blankensteyn 1988; Nogueira 2000; Alves 2008), a full description including most characters presently considered useful for the taxonomy of the group has not been formally published. In addition, this species has always been identified in those studies as Pista corrientis McIntosh, 1885, but, as said above, the study of the holotype of the latter species showed they are different taxa. A formal description of Pista sp. and a redescription of the holotype of Pista corrientis will be provided soon (Nogueira et al. in prep.), but it is important to discuss here the differences between Pista sp. and P. alonsae sp. nov., especially because Pista sp. is more similar to P. alonsae sp. nov., than any of the other species of Pista occurring in Brazil. Pista sp. differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in having lobes on segment 3 not dorso-laterally indented and terminating dorsally more separated from each other, ventral shields on segments 2 – 20, anterior uncini with 5 rows of secondary teeth, long-handled uncini only present on segments 5 – 10, with more strongly chitinized handle, and larger nephridial papillae on segment 3, while P. alonsae sp. nov., has ventral shields on segments 2 – 16, long-handled uncini on segments 5 – 20 and uncini with 4 rows of secondary teeth throughout. On the other hand, the holotype of Pista corrientis differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in having shorter lobes on segment 1, not covering the anterior end, shorter, not dorso-laterally indented lobes on segment 3, originating at level of notopodia of segment 4 and terminating at level of ventral edge of uncinial tori, well separated from ventral shields, ventral shields on segments 2 – 20, and nephridial papillae on segment 3 inserted dorsally to bases of branchial stalks, while P. alonsae sp. nov., has larger lobes on segment 3, originating close to dorsal midline and terminating at level of lateral margins of ventral shields, and nephridial papillae on segment 3 inserted between bases of lobes and bases of branchial stalks. In regards to the species of Pista occurring in the Caribbean, Kritzler (1984) listed six species for the Gulf of Mexico, P. cristata, P. fasciata (Grube, 1870), P. palmata (Verrill, 1873), P. quadrilobata (Augener, 1918), and two undescribed species, Pista sp. A and B, and Salazar-Vallejo (1996) listed two additional species, P. papillosa (Tourtellote & Kritzler, 1988) and P. sombreriana McIntosh, 1885. However, P. papillosa has a single pair of branchiae on segment 2 and short-handled uncini throughout (Tourtellotte & Kritzler 1988) and therefore it belongs to the genus Pistella Hartmann-Schröder, 1996, rather than to Pista. On the other hand, as said above, the study of the holotype of Terebella cetrata Ehlers, 1887 demonstrated that this species belongs to Pista rather then to Nicolea, as said by Hartman (1959). Of those species, P. cristata, P. sombreriana and Pista sp. B sensu Kritzler, 1984 have short ventral lobes on segment 1, while the other species have lobes on segment 1 originating dorso-laterally and extending anteriorly, similar to those of P. alonsae sp. nov., although in P. fasciata they are not long enough to cover the anterior end laterally. Pista cetrata differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in having distally straight, not dorso-laterally indented lobes on segment 3, segment 4 with, in addition to the pair of lateral flaps, one pair of dorso-lateral, distally pointed triangular lobes covering dorsal bases of lobes of segment 3, connected to each other by thick flap across dorsum, forming mid-dorsal pocket, and long-handled uncini only occurring on segments 5 – 10. The differences between P. cristata and P. alonsae sp. nov., were discussed above. In addition to the difference on the lobes on segment 1, P. fasciata, according to the redescription by Kritzler (1984), differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in having prostomial eyespots, branchiae with shorter basal stems, with secondary branches originating and terminating at different levels, absence of ventro-lateral lobes on segment 2, segment 3 with distinctly shorter lobes, probably not dorso-laterally indented, and narrowly-winged notochaetae. In contrast, P. alonsae sp. nov., lacks prostomial eyespots, has ventro-lateral lobes on segment 2 and has notochaetae with broad, basally bulbous wing on one margin. Pista palmata differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in having lobes on segment 3 not dorso-laterally indented, connected to each other by lower mid-dorsal lobe, arborescent branchiae, ventral shields on segments 2 – 20 and long-handled uncini with distinctly thicker handle, while in P. alonsae sp. nov., in addition to the lobes on segment 3 having deep dorso-lateral indentation, branchiae having secondary branches originating and terminating at same levels, and the uncini on anterior segments having thinner handles, such mid-dorsal lobe on segment 3 is absent. As said above, the holotype of P. sombreriana is in poor state of preservation, but most of the characters important to the taxonomy of the group are still visible. The holotype of P. sombreriana has a ventral lobe on segment 1, below the lower lip, short ventro-lateral lobes on segments 2 – 4, as low flaps of tissue originating progressively more laterally, and long-handled uncini throughout the region with biramous parapodia. The morphology of the lobes of the holotype of Pista sombreriana is in agreement with the diagnoses of several genera, but not Pista, which always has much longer lobes. The presence of long-handled uncini on anterior segments, associated with the morphology of the lobes indicate that this taxon actually belongs to Lanicides Hessle, 1917. Pista quadrilobata, according to Kritzler (1984), is also a smaller species than P. alonsae sp. nov., reported to reach 35 mm in length. In addition, this species has prostomial eyespots, arborescent branchiae, ventral shields extending to segments 18 – 20, lobes on segment 3 not dorso-laterally indented, notopodia present on segments 4 – 21, and long-handled uncini only on segments 5 – 7. In contrast, in addition to what was said above, P. alonsae sp. nov., has notopodia on segments 4 – 20, as occurs in nearly all species of this genus. Pista sp. A sensu Kritzler, 1984 differs from P. alonsae sp. nov., in having lobes on segment 3 not dorsolaterally indented, ventral shields extending to segment 18, notopodia on segments 4 – 18, long-handled uncini only present on segment 5 and arrangement of double rows of uncini gradually changing from beak-to-beak to back-to-back, on last 2 – 3 segments of the region with biramous parapodia (Kritzler 1984). Finally, Pista sp. B sensu Kritzler, 1984 does not have lobes of any type on segment 1, has upper lip and prostomium with a mid-dorsal cleft, a single pair of branchiae, notochaetae with broad limbation on both margins, and long-handled uncini only present on segments 5 – 9, while P. alonsae sp. nov., in addition to what was said above, lacks such mid-dorsal cleft on prostomium and upper lip.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
8C6287D64330FFCCFF162F4239F8B130.taxon	etymology	Etymology. We dedicate this species to Dr Carmen Alonso Samiguel, coordinator of the CIPY, who organized the expedition to RDSPT and participated on the collection of all material from RDSPT examined for the present study.	en	Santos, Andre Souza Dos, Nogueira, João Miguel De Matos, Fukuda, Marcelo Veronesi, Christoffersen, Martin Lindsey (2010): New terebellids (Polychaeta: Terebellidae) from northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa 2389 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2389.1.1, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2389.1.1
