taxonID	type	description	language	source
927D87F1FFC8321CFF787F346891FE7F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 24, 23 x 22 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (23 slides), rest of the animal in ethanol 70 %. Collected 0 3.08.2008 at Enseada do Mimi, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 30.85 " S; 41 ° 59 ' 9.52 " W). Depth: 6 m.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC8321CFF787F346891FE7F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species was recorded from Curaçao (type locality; Marcus & Marcus 1968), Colombian Caribbean (Quiroga et al. 2004 b), Cabo Frio (Bahia & Padula 2009) and Bahia, Brazil (Queiroz et al. 2013). At Cabo Frio P. c a t a seems to occur only at the sublittoral, as no specimen was found at the intertidal zone, but instead at 6 to 10 m depth, and only at Ilha do Papagaio.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC8321CFF787F346891FE7F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pattern of coloration mottled with dark beige coloration combined with black spots; marginal tentacles distant from each other; marginal, pre-cerebral and cerebral eyespots present; cerebral eyespots in two elongated rows, not clearly separated in the middle. Seminal vesicle very muscularized and developed; male atrium shallow and uterine duct with muscular sphincter.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC8321CFF787F346891FE7F.taxon	description	Description. External characters as described in Bahia & Padula (2009). Epidermis and body wall: Ventral epidermis 66 µm tall and dorsal epidermis 44 µm tall. Body wall with external longitudinal muscular layer and internal diagonal muscular layer. Rhabdites are observed both dorsally and ventrally. Gonopores: Male and female gonopore closely together at 22 mm from the anterior margin. Pores open independently (Fig. 2 B). Male reproductive system: Testicles ventral. Penis papillae (0.5 mm) muscular and directed backwards as the rest of the male structures (Fig. 2 B). Seminal vesicle rounded and well developed (1.5 x 1.3 mm), male atrium shallow (Fig. 2 B). Ejaculatory duct filled with sperm and granules of eosinophylic secretion. Female reproductive system: Ovaries dorsally disposed. Uterine duct epithelium tall (Fig. 2 D). Uterine ducts separated from vagina by a muscular sphincter (Fig. 2 D). Vagina directed backwards (Fig. 2 B and D), 410 µm long, with folds at the epithelium and cement pouch present (Fig. 2 D). Taxonomic remarks. We found larger specimens (from 23 x 22 mm to 45 x 34 mm) than those observed in the original description (from 27 x 21 mm to 33 x 21 mm), but external morphological and anatomical differences were not found. Other species in this genus (P. bayerleyana, P. orbicularis, P. hymanae) do not present a sphincter in the uterine duct and seminal vesicle as large as P. c a t a (Marcus & Marcus 1968), or present a deeper male atrium (Meixner 1907; Hyman 1953; Poulter 1975), and cerebral eyespot clusters clearly separated (Hyman 1953). Ecology. One specimen of Pericelis cata was, during one collection, placed in the same container with a nudibranch specimen of Felimare lajensis (Troncoso, Garcia & Urgorri 1998). When they were released, P. c a t a was “ wounded ” (a rip in the median part of the body) and there were only pieces of gonad and epithelial tissue from F. lajensis (Fig. 2 C). No contact was observed between these species in the field, but P. c a t a may have chemical compounds that match or exceed the ones present in F. lajensis, such as furodisine lactone, obtained from its dysideid sponge prey (Pereira et al. 2012).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCE321DFF787A876BA4FC2F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 25, 19 x 15 mm) collected 27.10.2007 at Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 45.43 " S, 41 ° 59 ' 5.54 " W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 26, 21 x 17 mm) collected 28.10.2007. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 27, 13 x 13 mm) collected 0 8.12.2007. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 28, 9 x 5 mm) collected 20.04.2008. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 29, 10 x 8 mm; 24 x 19 mm) collected 21.04.2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 32, 30 x 23 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (41 slides) collected 30.08.2008. Vouchers 26 to 29 and 32 collected at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W). Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 30, 15 x 13 mm, 10 x 6 mm). Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 31, 26 x 21 mm; 18 x 17 mm), the bigger as sagittal sections of the reproductive structures (23 slides). Vouchers 30 and 31 collected 18.05.2008 at Canal de Itajuru, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 º 53 ’ 11 ’’ S, 42 º 00 ’ 08 ’’ W). All especimens or especimens parts preserved in ethanol 70 %.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCE321DFF787A876BA4FC2F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This species was described from Ilha de São Sebastião, São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil (type locality; Marcus 1952). It was also recorded from Antigua, Curaçao (Marcus & Marcus 1968), Barbuda, Colombia (Quiroga et al. 2004 a) and Argentina (Brusa et al. 2009; Bulnes et al. 2011). Also it was recently reported from Northeastern Brazil (Bahia et al. 2012), locality between its geographic distribution extremes. Our specimens of Phrikoceros mopsus were collected at rocky shores, under boulders with great amounts of ascidians, sponges and other marine invertebrates, and also at the sublittoral at Ilha do Papagaio where there are gorgonians and boulders reefs.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCE321DFF787A876BA4FC2F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body oval and elongated, margin deeply ruffled. Dorsally, reticulated mottled pattern with white tiny spots. Median line darker than the rest of the body, margin with thin dark line. Four groups of pseudotentacular eyespots located dorsally and four ventrally. Opening of main intestine located at the anterior half of the body. Taxonomic remarks. Our specimens characteristcs agree with those described by Marcus (1952). Differences we noticed were variations in color, problably due to nutritional condition or age (Fig. 4), and number of eyespots and measures, probably due to size of specimens. The flatworms found at Cabo Frio were larger than those of Norheastern Brazil (Bahia et al. 2012) but smaller than those of Argentina (Brusa et al. 2009). There could be a relation of specimen size and water temperature or nutrient availability, but ecological studies should be undertaken to answer this question.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCC321EFF7878F468D8FC47.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two specimens (details in Table 1). One imature specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 35, 12 mm x 9 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (12 slides). Collected 30.12.2008 at Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 53.21 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 59.40 " W). One imature specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 36, 12 mm x 8 mm) preserved in 70 % ethanol. Collected 0 6.02.2009 at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCC321EFF7878F468D8FC47.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Described from Birds Islands, Bermuda (type locality; Verrill 1901), reported from Curaçao (Marcus & Marcus 1968), Caribbean coast of Colombia (Quiroga et al. 2004 b), Florida, Virgin Islands, Jamaica, Belize, Honduras and Caribbean coast of Panama (Rawlinson 2008), Brazil (Bahia & Padula 2009). Specimens herein studied were found under rubbles in the intertidal and sublittoral zones.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCC321EFF7878F468D8FC47.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal coloration from yellow to dark brown, white spots present; white marginal band with greyish black transversal stripes; bright yellow to greenish marginal line sometimes present. Taxonomic remarks. Pseudoceros bicolor, described without histological sections (Verrill 1901), was amended by Litvaitis et al. (2010). These authors also studied the P. bi co l o r complex through a molecular approach. It was observed that specimens treated as a single species in papers such as Rawlinson (2008) and Bahia & Padula (2009) belong, in fact, to two distinct species with similar coloration pattern. The other species included in this complex is Pseudoceros rawlinsonae Bolaños, Quiroga & Litvaitis, 2007. We separated specimens in the P. bicolor complex by considering P. b i c o l o r the ones without marginal line or with a thin line bright yellow to greenish at the worm margin, as indicated by Litvaitis et al. (2010). Our immature specimens were of a smaller size (12 mm x 9 mm) than originally described (30 mm x 15 mm), but they agree with features reported in the original description and recent amend (Litvaitis et al. 2010).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCC3210FF787FA068D4FD40.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 0 1, 9 x 6 mm e 8 x 6 mm) preserved in 70 % ethanol, one as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (14 slides), collected 20.04.2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 0 4, 15 x 11 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (19 slides), collected 0 7.02.2009. One specimen (MNRJ- PLAT 37, 19 x 11 mm) as sagittal sections of the reproductive structures (18 slides), collected 30.08.2008. All collected at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 o 52 ’ 15.40 ’’ S; 41 o 58 ’ 51.86 ’’ W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 38, 11 x 8 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (14 slides). Collected 0 1.09.2008 at Canal de Itajuru, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 º 53 ’ 11 ’’ S, 42 º 00 ’ 08 ’’ W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 39, 13 x 8 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (11 slides). Collected 30.12.2008 at Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 53.21 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 59.40 " W).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCC3210FF787FA068D4FD40.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species P. rawlinsonae was described from the American Virgin Islands and Bonaire (Bolaños et al. 2007). Posteriorly, after the revision of Pseudoceros bicolor complex, P. rawlinsonae was also reported from Florida, Honduras, Jamaica, Bahamas, Curaçao and Brazil (Bahia & Padula 2009; Litvaitis et al. 2010).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFCC3210FF787FA068D4FD40.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Dorsal coloration from yellow to dark brown or black, scattered white spots sometimes present; marginal band white intersected by greyish black transversal stripes; marginal line gold yellow to orange. Prostatic and seminal vesicle small in relation to the penis. Taxonomic remarks. This species was included in the P. bi col or complex due to its coloration pattern. Some specimens reported from Brazil as P. b i c o l o r (Bahia & Padula 2009) were in fact P. rawlinsonae. This was found out after the review of the P. bi col or complex (Litvaitis et al. 2010), which has clearly delimited the differences between these two species and made an emendation to the species description. It was observed that differences in marginal lines (P. b i c o l o r, bright yellow to greenish or absent, and P. rawlinsonae, golden yellow to orange) were reflected in the species separation genetically. It is suggested that specimens collected in Brazil should be included in a futher comparative molecular analysis between P. b i c o l o r and P. rawlinsonae. Our specimens are in accordance with characteristics presented in the original description and in the revision by Litivaitis et al. (2010). We found both smaller and bigger specimens (variation between 8 x 6 mm and 19 x 11 mm) than originally described (17 x 7 mm) by Bolaños et al. (2007). In some specimens (Fig. 6 I), uteri were found to be full of eggs that reached 90 µm diameter. The color variation found in southeastern Brazil is illustrated in Fig. 7.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC23213FF787F6E68DBFE27.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named after Juan Piñeiro-Maceira, father of the first author, in acknowledgment of his support throughout her research on polyclads.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC23213FF787F6E68DBFE27.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype: One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 40, 36 x 18 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (35 slides). Collected 31.12.2008 at Enseada da Hípica, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 53.95 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 42.11 " W).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC23213FF787F6E68DBFE27.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species only known so far from the type locality.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC23213FF787F6E68DBFE27.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Background color brick orange with scattered white and dark spots; whitish translucent marginal band with a thin light yellow outermost line.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC23213FF787F6E68DBFE27.taxon	description	Description. Color: Background color brick orange. (Fig. 8 A and G). Translucent white marginal band 0.5 mm wide. Externally to it there is a thin light yellow line that runs all over the body margin, including pseudotentacle tips; it disappears after fixation. White and dark spots scattered in the dorsal surface except on the margin, giving the appearance of a granulated background. Tentacles are darker than the rest of the body (Fig. 8 A). Ventral surface milky but with the same coloration pattern as presented dorsally. Form: Body oval and elongated. (Fig. 8 A and B). Length is three times the width. Margin slightly ruffled. Pseudotentacles: Broad, tubular and simple rounded marginal folds (Fig. 8 A and C), 2.5 mm long. Eyespots: Cerebral eyespots at 1.5 mm from the anterior margin (Fig. 8 C). Cluster is about 0.2 mm large and rounded horse shoe shaped. There are about 37 cerebral eyespots. A band of tentacular eyespots (Fig. 8 C) is located in the border of the tentacles (approximately 68 eyespots in each fold), some other ocelli are scattered in between the tentacle folds (around 36 eyespots) and ventrally near the margin (30 eyespots on each side). Digestive system: Pharynx tipical of the genus, radially ramified, almost as long as wide with lots of intricate folds (Fig. 8 B). It is 5 x 4.5 mm large and located 2.5 mm from the anterior margin. Mouth opens slightly anteriorly to the middle of the pharynx, 6 mm from the anterior margin. Main intestine extends about 80 % of the body length and reaches to 4.8 mm from the posterior margin (Fig. 8 B). Epidermis and body wall: Dorsally, epidermis and muscular layer are more developed. Body wall thickness is 81 µm dorsally and 27 µm ventrally. Rhabdites present on both surfaces (Fig. 8 E) but more abundant dorsally. Pigment granules present in the epidermis. Muscular fibers disposed as longitudinal, circular and diagonal layers, respectively. Sucker at 14 mm from the anterior margin and 4.9 mm from the female gonopore (Fig. 8 B). Gonopores: Male and female gonopores are 2 mm from one another (Fig. 8 B). Male gonopore 9 mm distant from the anterior margin and measures 0.5 mm. Female gonopore mesures 0.4 mm. Male reproductive system: Prostatic vesicle round and located slightly left from the body median line (Fig. 8 E). It measures 0.2 x 0.22 mm and is located near the base of the penis papillae, anteriorly to the seminal vesicle. Seminal vesicle large (840 x 510 µm), elongated parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body (Fig. 8 F). Its wall is densely muscularized (110 µm thick). Ejaculatory duct stretches perpendicularly to the vesicle and joins the prostatic duct at the penis papillae. Penis papillae 260 µm long. Male atrium 270 µm deep and with folds (Fig. 6 F). Stylet 180 µm long. Female reproductive system: Vagina 180 µm long, connecting to oviducts perpendicularly (Fig. 8 D). Oviducts directed backwards. Numerous cement glands present (Fig. 8 D) and cement pouch (90 µm) relatively long. Female atrium 110 µm long (Fig. 8 D). Taxonomic remarks. There are three Pseudoceros species described or reported from Brazil (Marcus 1949; Bahia & Padula 2009). Pseudoceros chloreus Marcus 1949 has a different color pattern and according to Marcus’ illustrations (Marcus 1949, pg: 153) has a pharynx more elongated and with fewer folds than we find in our specimen. Some P. b i c o l o r and P. rawlinsonae specimens have a similar pattern of white dorsal spots, but not the dark spots, and the general coloration pattern (especially the marginal band that is striated in P. b i c o l o r and P. rawlinsonae but is not in our specimen) is different (Verrill 1901; Bolaños et al. 2007; Bahia & Padula 2009; Litvaitis et al. 2010). The general coloration pattern of P. j u an i sp. nov. resembles that of the Mediterranean and Canarian (Vera et al. 2008) species Yungia aurantiaca (Delle Chiaje 1822). However, this genus is distinguished from Pseudoceros by the presence of intestinal pores and “ Pseudobiceros - like ” pseudotentacles (Faubel 1984; Prudhoe 1985; Newman & Cannon 1994). The Australian species Pseudoceros devisii Woodworth, 1898 possesses yellowish orange coloration, but its pattern is dark orange marginal band and median line (Woodworth 1898). The picture of P. prudhoei (Newman & Cannon 1994; pg: 261) resembles our specimen. However, its marginal band is blue to mauve. Internally this species differs from P. j u an i sp. nov. in the position of the prostatic vesicle not being in front of the seminal vesicle but slightly under it (Newman & Cannon 1994; pg: 235). The arrangement of tentacular eyespots is similar to the one illustrated in Newman & Cannon (1994) figures 3 A and E. The internal features of P. juani sp. nov. resemble those of Pseudoceros lactolimbus Newman & Cannon, 1998 and P. uniarborensis Newman & Cannon, 1994, such as a long and large seminal vesicle and prostatic vesicle located in front of the seminal vesicle. However, these species coloration patterns (Newman & Cannon 1994 pg: 254, 263; 1998 pg: 309, 319) differ from that observed in P. juani sp. nov. (Fig. 8 A). The specimen found at Cabo Frio and studied herein does not fit any of the known Pseudoceros species (Yeki & Kaburaki 1918; Kaburaki 1923; Hyman 1953; Hyman 1954; Prudhoe 1989; Newman & Cannon 1994, 1995, 1998; Newman & Schupp 2002), therefore the species is herein described and named.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC13213FF787A086EBCF93B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One juvenile specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 20, 2 x 2 mm), collected 20.04.2008. Two mature specimens (30 x 20 mm e 46 x 24 mm), the biggest as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (MNRJ-PLAT 21, 64 slides), collected 0 7.02.2009. One mature specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 22, 32 x 18 mm), collected 10.04.2009. One immature specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 23, 8 x 5 mm), collected 16.10.2009. All specimens preseved in ethanol 70 % and collected at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brasil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC13213FF787A086EBCF93B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known only from Brazil. Originally described from Forte de Itaipú, Santos, São Paulo (type locality; Marcus 1950). Also reported from Extremoz, Rio Grande do Norte (Bahia et al. 2012) and from Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro (present study). Specimens collected under boulders and over the ascidian Symplegma rubra. This species was only collected at Praia das Conchas, where there is prey abundance.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC13213FF787A086EBCF93B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body elongated with ruffled margin; background color wine red with three marginal bands; the innermost black, the median orange and the external thin and black. Pseudotentacular eyespots disposed in four dorsal and four ventral groups; male apparatus duplicated; seminal vesicle rounded. Taxonomic remarks. We found both smaller and larger specimens (from 2 x 2 mm to 46 x 24 mm) than those described by Marcus (40 x 13 mm), but they presented one internal band that was not described by Marcus (1950). This can be related to specimen nutritional condition, as darker animals (better fed, or with different diet) present this band less defined related to dorsal coloration (personal observation). We noted some differences between the specimens found in northeastern Brazil and those in Rio de Janeiro. The epidermis is thicker in southern animals (dorsal 50 µm, ventral 30 µm, against 37 µm in northern specimens), and muscular layers too (dorsal 40 µm, ventral 30 µm, against 14 µm in northern animals). Rhabdites in Cabo Frio’s specimens were present both dorsally and ventrally, but abundant only dorsally. As the specimens found in Cabo Frio were larger, ventral sucker measures such as diameter (1 mm) and distance from the anterior margin (18.5 mm) and female gonopore (4 mm) were also larger. There are Pseudobiceros species in the Caribbean, Mediterranean and Indo-Pacific with the same “ uniform background with different marginal bands ” coloration pattern as P. evelinae, but none of them has dark red as background color (Newman & Cannon 1997). It is suggested that these species should be studied together to clarify, with molecular tools, if they represent distinct taxa or variations of the same species. Ecology. Pseudobiceros evelinae was observed associated with compound ascidians of the genus Symplegma (Fig. 9 H). That was also observed both in the original description (Marcus 1950) and posteriorly (Marcus & Marcus 1951). We also observed specimens near ascidians in the family Didemnidae (Fig. 9 I).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC13216FF787EC16E67FE02.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 33, 55 x 37 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (24 slides) collected 16.10.2009 at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W). One specimen in ethanol 70 % (MNRJ-PLAT 34, 64 x 36 mm). Collected 17.10.2009 at Paredão Sul, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 54 ' 3.28 " S, 41 ° 59 ' 1.21 " W).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC13216FF787EC16E67FE02.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pseudobiceros pardalis was described from Bermuda (Verrill 1900) and reported from Bahamas, south Florida and Panama (Bolaños et al. 2007). It is herein reported for the first time from Brazil. This record expands the species distribution to a transition / limit zone between tropical (Tropical Southwestern Atlantic and Subtropical Southwestern Atlantic Provinces) and subtropical environments (Spalding et al. 2007).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC13216FF787EC16E67FE02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Purple reddish dorsal surface with orange dots, delimited by black line; white dots also delimited by black line near the margin and body margin also with black surrounding line. Ventrally same pattern, light reddish purple, translucent above the reproductive organs and pharynx. Taxonomic remarks. Our specimens are in agreement with the original description and the re-description (Bolaños et al. 2007). We only disagree on the type of pseudotentacles that are formed by complex folds of the anterior margin, not simple folds as stated in the redescription. Our specimens have lighter coloration than the ones in the original description (Verrill 1900) and redescription (Bolaños et al. 2007), probably due to their larger size or to differences in the nutritional conditions of the animals. In the field, specimens were darker, as illustrated in Figure 10. We also noted a black line surrounding the margin. Observed differences in coloration as reported in other papers can occur due to different specimen size (60 x 40 mm in the original description, from 25 x 14 mm to 40 x 25 mm in Bolaños et al. (2007) and 55 x 37 mm – 64 x 36 mm in our specimens).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC43216FF787A136E36F8CD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 41, 12 x 8 mm; 23 x 12 mm), the bigger as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (23 slides) collected 0 9.12.2007 at Enseada 2, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 45.43 " S, 41 ° 59 ' 5.54 " W). One specimen in ethanol 70 % (MNRJ-PLAT 42, 16 mm x 12 mm) collected 30.03.2008 at Enseada do Mimi, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 30.85 " S; 41 ° 59 ' 9.52 " W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 43, 13 mm x 9 mm) collected 21.04. 2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 44, 7 x 6 mm) collected 13.12.2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 45, 23 mm x 15 mm) collected 0 7.02.2009. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 46, 13 mm x 9 mm) collected 10.04.2009. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 47, 25 x 19 mm) collected 17.04.2010. All specimens or parts preserved in ethanol 70 %. All collected at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC43216FF787A136E36F8CD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Originally described from Naples, Italy (type locality; Risso 1818). It is considered a cosmopolitan species, reported from other regions of the Mediterranean Sea, United Kingdom, south and west of Africa, Florida, Caribbean coast of Colombia (Quiroga et al. 2004 b), Brazil, Japan and New Zealand (Prudhoe 1985). Recently reported from Canary Islands (Vera et al. 2008), Argentina (Brusa et al. 2009) and from Northeastern Brazil (Bahia et al. 2012).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFC43216FF787A136E36F8CD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Brown to yellowish brown with longitudinal median line cream colored; cream transversal line can also be present, forming a cross. Dorsal surface papillated, papillae size decreased toward the margin, some being spotted with white. Male system duplicated. Seminal vesicle elongated and located diagonally to the body. Taxonomic remarks. We have found specimens both larger and smaller (from 25 x 19 mm to 7 x 6 mm) than described originally from Brazil (13 x 7 mm), and specimens with similar size as specimens from Argentina (25 x 15 mm). They all fit the original description (Risso 1818) and the description of the Brazilian variation (Marcus 1949; Marcus & Marcus 1968). As observed by Marcus (1949), Brazilian specimens of T. brocchii have more invaginations in the female atrium than other Thysanozoon species. Also, T. brocchii differs from other Atlantic species, such as Thysanozoon nigrum, T. flavotuberculatum, in the coloration pattern and eyespot groups (Hyman 1939 a). The color variation found is illustrated in Figure 12. The papillae size varies from 0.5 to 0.3 mm and decreases toward the margin, being absent only in a 0.5 mm area near the margin were there are black pigmentation spots (Fig. 11 B and D). Because of the worldwide distribution of this species we recommend the use of molecular markers in a future study, to test if it is really a single species or a complex of morphologically similar species. Ecology. Specimens of Thysanozoon brocchii were collected over ascidians in the family Didemnidae in several ocasions. This species, together with Lamellaria molluscs, was observed frequently near colonies of this type of ascidians, especially at Praia das Conchas (Fig. 11 H and I). The relationship between these animals was reported both in the original description of T. lagidium (Marcus 1949: pg 83) and later (Marcus & Marcus 1951). In some specimens we found uterine ducts containing oocytes that reach 100 µm diameter. The species T. brocchii was observed to be very active and presented swimming behavior when disturbed.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDA3209FF787D336EE3F944.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 48, 26 x 10 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (16 slides), collected 27.10.2007 at Enseada 2, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 45.43 " S, 41 ° 59 ' 5.54 " W). Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 49, 31 x 10 mm; 44 x 11 mm), the larger as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (29 slides), collected 28.10.2007. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 50, 20 x 5 mm) collected 0 9.09.2007. Four specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 51, 33 x 10 mm; 25 x 9 mm; 19 x 5 mm; 6 x 4 mm) collected 0 8.12.2007. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 53, 19 x 5 mm; 29 x 10 mm), the larger as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (14 slides), collected 20.04.2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 54, 26 x 6 mm) collected 21.04.2008. Three specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 56, 28 x 10 mm; 20 x 8 mm; 17 x 7 mm) collected 30.08.2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 58, 18 x 5 mm) collected 15.11.2008. Four specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 59, 32 x 14 mm; 26 x 10 mm; 30 x 13 mm; 22 x 9 mm) collected 13.12.2008. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 60, 26 x 10 mm; 31 x 11 mm) collected 16.10.2009. All collected at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 52, 23 x 8 mm) collected 10.12.2007. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 57, 24 x 9 mm) collected 0 1.09.2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 61, 17 x 9 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (14 slides) collected 18.06.2010. The three collected at Canal de Itajuru, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 º 53 ’ 11 ’’ S, 42 º 00 ’ 08 ’’ W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 55, 26 x 10 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (12 slides) collected 0 3.08.2008 at Saco do Mimi, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 º 53 ’ 51 ’’ S, 41 º 58 ’ 52 ’’ W). Depth: 6 m. All specimens or parts preserved in ethanol 70 %.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDA3209FF787D336EE3F944.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Enchiridium evelinae was described from São Paulo State, Brazil (type locality; Marcus 1949); it was also reported from Curaçao (Marcus & Marcus 1968), Panama (Rawlinson 2008), and recently from Rio Grande do Norte (Bahia et al. 2012).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDA3209FF787D336EE3F944.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Long and narrow body; dorsal region cream with brown dots, more densely disposed at the median line; margin with orange dots; pharynx reaches 1 / 3 of the body length; seminal and prostatic vesicles highly muscularized; penis papilla and male atrium long. Taxonomic remarks. We observed some differences between our specimens and those studied previously (Bahia et al. 2012), mostly related to dot arrangement, with some specimens having more densely clustered dots than others. (Fig. 14). Nutritional status also influenced the coloration, with specimens that presented a full intestine being darker than ones with empty intestine. As we sampled a wider range of sizes we had variations in measures, but the proportion between them remained the same. Some specimens were found to have oviducts with oocytes that reached 130 µm in diameter. Characteristics observed in the specimens we studied are in accordance with the original description of Enchiridium evelinae (Marcus 1949). Specimens found in Cabo Frio (from 6 x 4 mm to 44 x 11 mm) reached larger sizes as originally described (15 x 3.3 mm) and later (33 x 8 mm) by Marcus & Marcus (1968). Ecology. We found our specimens at the three sampled sites. This species was very frequent, which can indicate some adaptative trait, a probable generalist behavior, or more successful larval settlement.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFD8320CFF787E726B61FC68.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 62, 22 x 5 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (13 slides), remainings preserved in ethanol 70 %. Collected 0 8.12.2007 at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil, under rocks (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFD8320CFF787E726B61FC68.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This very rare species was described from Ilha de São Sebastião, São Paulo (type locality; Marcus 1952) and also reported from Florida and Colombia (Quiroga et al. 2004 a). It is the first time that this species is recorded from Rio de Janeiro State.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFD8320CFF787E726B61FC68.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Translucid body; brown median line. Cerebral eyespots in two oval groups; marginal eyespots reach the brain level. Two prostatic vesicles and one seminal vesicle included in the same muscle sheath.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFD8320CFF787E726B61FC68.taxon	description	Description. Color: Translucent body cream to ivory, with brown median line (Fig. 15 A). Form: Body characteristic of the family Prosthiostomidae, elongated, with anterior end rounded and posterior end pointed. Tentacles: Absent. Eyespots: Cerebral eyespot groups oval at 1.5 mm from the anterior margin (Fig. 15 B). Contain 54 – 59 eyespots. Marginal eyespots disposed in three approximately parallel lines (Fig. 15 B) that reach the brain level. About 70 eyespots present at each side of the median line. Digestive system: Pharynx tubular and voluminous measures 4 mm, in our specimen it is protracted (Fig. 15 B). Main intestine extends over ¾ of the body length. Epidermis and body wall: Dorsal epidermis (40 µm) taller than ventral epidermis (13 µm). Well-developed muscular layer composed by external longitudinal layer, intermediary circular and internal diagonal layer. Dorsal muscular layer measures 42 µm and ventral layer 39 µm. Sucker with 0.5 mm diameter. Gonopores: One male gonopore and one female gonopore present (Fig. 15 C). Measure 0.25 mm. Male gonopore at 5 mm from the anterior margin, followed by the female gonopore at 1 mm distance and by the sucker at 1.5 mm. Male reproductive system: Male atrium, with 0.47 mm length, curves backwards and opens perpendicularly to the body (Fig. 15 D) forming a half “ s ”. Penis papilla measures 130 µm. Two prostatic vesicles present (Fig. 15 D), rounded, and located one over the other, measuring 230 x 220 µm. Seminal vesicle oval, located over the female gonopore, measuring 470 x 320 µm. The three vesicles are found in a same muscle sheath (Fig. 15 D), a diagnostic character of the genus. Seminal duct passes through the prostatic vesicles to join the prostatic ducts at 0.16 mm from the penis papilla. Female reproductive system: Vagina 145 µm, surrounded by cement glands densely disposed (Fig. 15 E). Disposition of cement glands and vagina limited by the presence and size of the voluminous seminal vesicle, located right above. Cement pouch elongated, measure 79 µm. Female atrium 61 µm deep (Fig. 15 E). Taxonomic remarks. This species was originally described in the genus Prosthiostomum (Marcus 1950), then Marcus & Marcus (1968) transferred it to Lurymare, based on the presence of a muscle sheath containing prostatic and seminal vesicles, an exclusive characteristic of this genus. This was supported by Prudhoe (1985), but Poulter (1975) considered that Lurymare should be a subgenus of Prosthiostomum. The drawings made by Marcus (1950) show the prostatic vesicles and the seminal vesicle together in a muscular sheath. Our specimen is in accordance with the original description (Marcus, 1950) and the amendment (Marcus & Marcus, 1968). Therefore this species should be included in Lurymare as this is the only prosthiostomid genus that possesses this character. This is something both Faubel (1984) and Prudhoe (1985) agreed on in their polyclad taxonomical revisions. Of the species recently found in Brazil and analyzed by us, both Lurymare matarazzoi and Lurymare utarum should be included in this genus, as both have prostatic and seminal vesicles included in a muscular sheath. However, Prudhoe (1989) later said that the validity of Lurymare as a genus seems unsure, due to variation in the presence of the muscle sheath around the accessory vesicles according to specimen size. Thus, it would be possible that Lurymare represents a late stage of Prosthiotomum, but this should be checked through a specific morphological and molecular study. Our specimen has approximately the same measure (22 x 5 mm) as found in the specimen of the original description (22.5 x 6 mm).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDE320EFF787C8F68F8FD92.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 63, 5 x 4 mm and 5 x 5 mm), one as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (5 slides). Three specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 64, 6 x 4 mm, 9 x 4 mm and 7 x 5 mm) one as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (10 slides), all collected 0 8.12.2007. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 65, 5 x 3 mm and 7 x 5.5 mm), one as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (8 slides), collected 20.04.2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 66, 7 x 4 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (5 slides), collected 13.12.2008. Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 67, 7.5 x 5 mm, 6.7 x 4 mm), the larger as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (8 slides), collected 16.10.2009. All specimens collected at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brasil, under rocks (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W) and preserved in ethanol 70 %.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDE320EFF787C8F68F8FD92.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Originaly described from Ilha de São Sebastião, São Paulo (Marcus 1950), it was later reported from Curaçao and Antigua (Marcus & Marcus 1968).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDE320EFF787C8F68F8FD92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Translucid body; color determined by intestinal content. Nine pairs of lateral branches of the main intestine, one anterior pair. Five to six pairs of uterine vesicles.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDE320EFF787C8F68F8FD92.taxon	description	Description. Color: Translucid body, color determined by intestine content. Our specimens presented orange coloration when alive (Fig. 16 A). Intestine vesicles characteristic from the genus present at the body margin, white colored. In some specimens these vesicles are very abundant forming a conspicuous white band. Form: Oval. Tentacles: Short projections of the body margin (Fig. 16 A, B and C). Eyespots: Tentacular eyespots distributed in ventral and dorsal groups, located at the tentacle margin. Ventral groups (Fig. 16 B and C) contain 13 – 30 eyespots and dorsal groups (Fig. 16 C and D) 25 – 45 eyespots. Cerebral eyespots, in two elongated groups, which become thinner towards the margin (Fig. 16 C), occupying 0.9 mm length, with 27 – 43 eyespots present, at 0.5 – 0.8 mm from the anterior margin. Most specimens presented around 35 eyespots in each group. Some eyespots are found scattered beyond the groups, toward the anterior margin, in a region that reaches 0.7 mm length, between tentacular and cerebral groups (Fig. 16 C). Digestive system: Short pharynx, thick and tubular. Measures from 0.8 to 1.1 mm. Main intestine reaches 1.5 to 2 mm of the body. Nine lateral ramifications and one anterior present in the main intestine. Terminal intestine vesicles located throughout the body margin; occupy 0.1 mm of the margin. Epidermis and body wall: Smooth dorsal surface. Dorsal epidermis (19 µm) a little thicker than the ventral epidermis (14 µm). Ciliated epidermis with rhabdites both dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 16 F). Epidermic glands also present. Voluminous sucker measures 0.25 – 0.4 mm. Muscular circular fibers constitute the external muscular layer and diagonal fibers the internal layer. Muscular layers thin in both body surfaces, a little thicker dorsally (11 µm) than ventrally (10 µm). Gonopores: Male gonopore at 1.9 mm from the anterior margin, female pore at 2.2 mm (Figure 16 B and E). Female gonopore measures 0.2 to 0.25 and male pore measures 0.25 to 0.3 mm. Male reproductive system: Testicles ventrally to main intestine. Male structures turned forwards. Seminal vesicle rounded with 270 µm diameter. Prostatic vesicle with 170 µm diameter. Male atrium measures 200 µm and penis papilla with 182 µm. Female reproductive system: Ovaries dorsally to main intestine. Five to six pairs of uterine vesicles disposed at each side of the median line. Cement glands occupy only the region immediately beside the vagina and are found densely disposed. Vagina curved backwards with changed disposition, depending on the uteri content. Almost empty (Fig. 16 F) or full of oocytes (Fig. 16 G and H). Vagina measure 120 – 230 µm, oocytes measure 70.1 – 75 µm. Cement pouch, short and lightly curved backwards, measuring 49 µm. Female atrium measure 47 µm. Taxonomic remarks. Cycloporus gabriellae is the only species of the genus reported from Brazil (Marcus 1950, 1952). Our specimens present measures (from 5 x 3 mm to 7.5 x 5 mm) similar to the originally described (5 x 4 mm and 9 x 4 mm) by Marcus (1950) and smaller than those described by Marcus & Marcus (1968) (10 mm). However, they are in accordance with characteristics described in both works. Cycloporus is not a speciose genus. Until 2002 only six species were known around the world. Newman & Cannon (2002) increased this number to 14. Among these only C. gabriellae, C. australis and C. variegatus present nine main intestine lateral branches (Newman & Cannon 2002). However, C. australis and C. variegatus present a higher number of cerebral tentacular eyespots and yellow dots in the margin, absent in C. gabriellae. Besides, Cycloporus variegatus present a median line, also absent in C. gabriellae (Marcus 1950, 1952).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDC3200FF787AAB6F1FF8D6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 68, 9 x 6 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (16 slides), collected 27.10.2007 at Enseada 2, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 45.43 " S, 41 ° 59 ' 5.54 " W). Three specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 69, 11 x 8 mm, 13 x 10 mm and 12 x 8 mm), one as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (15 slides), collected 28.10.2007. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 70, 5 x 4 mm), as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (5 slides), collected 0 8.12.2007 One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 71, 6 x 5 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (9 slides), collected 0 8.12.2007. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 72, 4 x 3 mm) collected 13.12.2008. One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 75, 10 x 10 mm) collected 16.10.2009. All collected at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W). One specimen (MNRJ-PLAT 73, 3 x 3 mm) collected 13.12.2008 at Enseada da Hípica, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 53.95 " S; 41 ° 58 ' 42.11 " W). Two specimens (MNRJ-PLAT 74, 4 x 3 mm, 3 x 2 mm) one as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (6 slides), collected 30.12.2008 at Enseada 3, Ilha do Papagaio, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 53 ' 53.21 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 59.40 " W). All specimens preserved in ethanol 70 %.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDC3200FF787AAB6F1FF8D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Species described from Japan (Kato 1934) and reported from Vietnam, West Australia, North Great Barrier Reef (Newman & Cannon 2002) and colombian Caribbean (Quiroga et al. 2004 a). Herein it is for the first time recorded from Brazil.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDC3200FF787AAB6F1FF8D6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Translucent body; yellow spots scattered in the dorsal surface, they are more concentrated at median line. Coloration is due to food. Intestinal glands at the body margin with yellow coloration; intestine with nine lateral branches. Three to four pairs of uterine vesicles.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFDC3200FF787AAB6F1FF8D6.taxon	description	Description. Color: Translucent body, color observed from ramified intestine (Fig. 17 A and E). Most specimens present coloration from ocher to dark brown, depending on the feeding status (Fig. 17 A and E). One specimen presented green coloration (Fig. 17 F). Yellow spots scattered in dorsal surface and more concentrated at the median line (Fig. 17 A, E and F), forming a median line, or elongated spots in most specimens. White dots also scattered dorsally. Marginal glands with yellow color (Fig. 17 A). Tentacles can also have yellow pigmentation (Fig. 17 A, E and F). Form: Oval rounded body. Tentacles: Marginal tentacles short and pointed (Fig. 17 A, E and G), measuring 0.2 mm. Eyespots: Cerebral eyespot groups elongated and broad (Fig. 17 D and G) with 80 – 82 eyespots each. Located at 1 – 1.1 mm from the anterior margin. Tentacular eyespots (Fig. 17 C, D and G) in dorsal and ventral groups. Dorsal groups with 75 – 77 eyespots and ventral groups with 41 – 48 eyespots. Digestive system: Pharynx short and tubular, measuring 1.8 – 1.9 mm. Mouth opens at 0.7 – 2.2 mm from the anterior margin. Intestine with around nine lateral branches. Main intestine occupies 3 – 7.2 mm of body length (Fig. 17 B, E, I and M). Terminal intestinal vesicles occupy 0.1 – 0.2 mm at the body margin. Epidermis and body wall: Ventral body wall (epidermis 0.0215 mm, muscular layer 0.013 mm) taller than dorsal body wall (epidermis 0.0196 mm, muscular layer 0.014 mm). Rhabdites present both dorsally and ventrally. Longitudinal muscular layer external, intermediary circular layer and diagonal internal layer. Large sucker (0.2 – 0.7 mm) located at the middle of the body, at 2.4 – 6.5 mm from the anterior margin (Fig. 17 C). Gonopores: One male and one female gonopore present (Fig. 17 C). Male gonopore at 1.25 – 3.1 mm from the anterior margin, measuring 0.2 – 0.3 mm. Female gonopore at 0.5 – 0.6 mm from the male pore, measuring 0.1 – 0.2 mm. Male reproductive system: Male reproducive apparatus disposed parallel (Fig. 17 H) or diagonally (Fig. 17 L) to body axis. Seminal vesicle oval and elongated towards the posterior end (Fig. 17 H and L), measuring 351 – 421 x 207 µm. Prostatic vesicle in front of the seminal vesicle (Fig. 17 H) measuring 117 µm. Penis papilla measures 103 – 122 µm. Short male atrium measures 140 – 187 µm. Female reproductive system: Ovaries dorsally to main intestine. Four pairs of uterine vesicles (Fig. 17 B and E) disposed at each side of the median line. Female atrium with invagination (0.047 – 0.0561 mm) measuring 51.4 – 74.8 µm. Short vagina (53.3 – 98.2 µm), cement glands numerous and densely disposed. Cement pouch elongated, measuring 32.7 – 60.8 µm. Oviducts with oocytes of around 47 µm diameter. Taxonomic remarks. Until now, Cycloporus gabriellae was the only species of the genus known from Brazil (Marcus 1950). Specimens herein studied are in accordance with the description of C. variegatus, a species from Pacific Ocean, also found in the colombian Caribbean. Our specimens reach larger sizes (from 8 x 6 mm to 19 x 11 mm) than originally observed (9 x 3 mm and 11 x 6 mm) by Kato (1934). Other species with similar coloration pattern and ocher coloration, C. papillosus, is characterized by dorsal papillae (Yeri & Kaburaki 1918) absent in C. variegatus. Among other Cycloporus species, only C. australis and C. gabriellae present nine main intestine branches (Newman & Cannon 2002) and the specimens studied here differ from these species in the coloration pattern and cerebral and tentacular eyespots arrangement. Ecology. Species from the genus Cycloporus were observed, during collections, over ascidians and sponges of orange or red coloration (Fig. 18). These polyclads are smaller than most animals of this group and different from other more active species, Cycloporus spp. tend to associate strongly with their preys, most commonly collected over them. The association between this genus and ascidians was reported by Stummer-Traunfels (1933), Marcus (1950) and Marcus & Marcus (1968). Cycloporus variegatus was observed over Symplegma rubra and an unidentified orange ascidian (Fig. 18 A and B). This ascidian species was found with feeding marks from Cycloporus specimens (Fig. 18 D). The specimen coloration is approximately the same as the prey coloration, and the polyclad camouflages itself in the ascidian. The Polycladida predation over sessile invertebrates can make areas available for other species settlement (Fig. 18 B), contributiong to a higher richness in the environment.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFD33202FF7878F46F84FC97.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. One specimen (12 x 4 mm) as sagittal sections of reproductive structures (MNRJ-PLAT 76, 11 slides). Collected 20.04.2008 at Praia das Conchas, Cabo Frio, Brazil (22 ° 52 ' 33.05 " S, 41 ° 58 ' 39.27 " W).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFD33202FF7878F46F84FC97.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Described from Monterey Bay, California (Heath & McGregor 1912) and reported from Washington State, USA (Hyman 1955 a) and from the Caribbean coast of Colombia (Quiroga et al. 2004 b). This is the first record from Brazil.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFD33202FF7878F46F84FC97.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Translucent body, with red longitudinal line, interrupted several times; small white dots disposed in the dorsal surface and in a transversal line at the posterior end of the body. Two long uterine vesicles; main intestine with seven or eight branches at each side.	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
927D87F1FFD33202FF7878F46F84FC97.taxon	description	Description. Color: Translucent body, color is due to intestine content. Our specimen was pinkish orange. White spots present dorsally, at the middle dorsal region after the cerebral eyespots and as a transversal line at 4.5 mm from anterior margin. Median line reddish, interrupted several times (Fig. 19). Reddish dots also occur dorsally at each side of the median line. Whitish tentacles. Form: Oval, elongated. Pseudotentacles: Tentacles pointed and thin measuring 0.6 mm. Eyespots: Tentacular eyespot groups located dorsally at tentacle extremities (8 – 12 eyespots) and between tentacles (13 – 15 eyespots); ventrally at tentacle extremities (17 – 25 eyespots). Cerebral eyespots at 0.9 mm from the anterior margin, in two elongated groups (0.4 x 0.2 mm) and very near one of the other, each with about 15 eyespots. Digestive system: Tubular pharynx measures 1.4 mm. Main intestine with eight branches, without anastomoses, occupying 53 % of the body. Epidermis and body wall: Dorsal epidermis (40 µm) taller than ventral epidermis (20 µm). Basal membrane well developed, with eosinophilic coloration and 9 µm thickness. Thin body wall, with circular muscular layer externally and diagonal muscular layer internally. Muscular layers with 0.010 µm thickness dorsally and 0.020 µm ventrally. Sucker at 3.5 mm from the anterior margin, measures 0.2 mm. Gonopores: Male gonopore at 2.4 mm from the anterior margin, measures 0.2 mm. Female gonopore located right after, measures 0.22 mm. Both at the median line of the body. Male reproductive system: Our specimen was immature and it was not possible to observe prostatic and seminal vesicle, penis, and other male structures. Testicles also could not be identified in the histological sections, which corroborates the immaturity of our specimen. Female reproductive system: Female apparatus of our specimen also immature, cement glands could not be observed and nor a well-defined vagina. Taxonomic remarks. Our specimen is in accordance with the original description (Heath & Mc Gregor 1912), despite small variations in color. This does not represent a strong character in Euryleptidae, especially in translucent species that are colored by the food content present in the intestine. However, the general coloration pattern, with the presence of a median line and small white dots dorsally, is the same as originally described (Heath & McGregor 1912, pg: 481).	en	Bahia, Juliana, Padula, Vinicius, Lavrado, Helena Passeri, Quiroga, Sigmer (2014): Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873 (5): 495-525, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3
