identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
915CD03DFF99A71EFF27FC64FA53F803.text	915CD03DFF99A71EFF27FC64FA53F803.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynoglossum amabile Stapf & Drumm, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew	<div><p>1. Cynoglossum amabile Stapf &amp; Drumm, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew: 202. 1906. Figs. 1 A, B; 3 A, B; 5 A–C; 7 A, B; 9.</p><p>Lectotype (Verdcourt in Polhill, Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Boragin.: 104. 1991):— CHINA: Yunnan, Mengtsze, 1894, W. Hancock 133 (K-000942415!) . Syntypes:— CHINA: Yunnan, Szemao, 4500 ft, 1898, A.Henry 9365 (K-000942414!; E-00284596!) ; [Szechuan], Thibet oriental, Ta-tsien-lu, Principauté de Kiala, 1893, J.- A. Soulié 861 (K-000942416!, K-000942417!, P04083733!, P04083733!) .</p><p>= Cynoglossum amabile var. parviflorum Turrill (1949: 177) . Lectotype (here designated):—Herbarium experimental grounds, K. 2492, seed from Ceylon, 15 July 1947, anon. (K). Syntypes:— Herbarium experimental grounds, K. 2492, seed from Ceylon [Miss Imivy], 01 August 1947, anon. (GDC-G-00177266!; US-00110903!)</p><p>Erect, annual or biennial herb, 15–60 cm tall. Stems often single, sometimes several. Densely and slightly spreading pubescent, hair 0.3–0.6 mm long, orientation towards inflorescence, without multi-cellular base. Leaves ovoid-oblong to lanceolate with acute apex. Basal broad petiolate, sometimes with leave rosette, 5–20 cm long, silver-grey, veins slightly immerged, densely appressed pubescent. Upper sessile and smaller, densely appressed pubescent. Trichomes straight, soft, with bulbous base; adaxial 0.1–0.2 mm long; abaxial 0.1–0.3 mm long, on veins longer and spreading; acroscopic; marginal longer and incurved. Inflorescences ebracteate. Pedicel 2–3 mm long, slightly elongated in fruit. Calyx 2.5–3.5 mm long, densely pilose outside; lobes ovate to oblong, apex acute. Corolla infundibuliform, blue to dark blue or purple, rarely white, 4–6 mm long; base 5–6 mm wide; limb 6–10 mm across; lobes subcircular, ca. 2.5 mm wide; veins distinctly reticulate; faucal scales at mouth of tube, rectangular to obscurely two-lobed, ca. 1 mm × 1 mm. Anthers oblong, ca. 0.8–1 mm long. Style ca. 1–1.5 mm long. Nutlets ovoid, 3–5 mm × 2–3 mm, abaxially planar to slightly concave; regularly and densely glochidiate; glochidia uniform, 0.3–0.5 mm long, with multiple retrorse barbs, marginal glochidia distinct, sometimes with widenend, slightly confluent bases.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat in open, often disturbed sites, on gravel slopes and sandy, dry river banks, elev. 2000– 4000 m.</p><p>Notes:— Cynoglossum amabile is probably the least problematic taxon of this genus in Nepal. It is easily recognized by the dense, white pubescence on its leaves and the large, usually sky-blue corollas nearly 1 cm across. The other species have a less dense indument and smaller and/or dark blue corollas. This species is widespread in East Asia, but also widely naturalized in Central and South America and planted as an ornamental, e.g., in Europe and the US.</p><p>Specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Punakha District: below <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=89.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.516666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 89.816666/lat 27.516666)">Mendegang</a>, 27°31 N, 1580 m, 89°49 E, 24.04.1982, A. J. C. Gierson &amp; D. G. Long 4665 (E) ; Changhyo, Talo block, 1250 m, 18.07.1991, C. Parker 7004 (E) ;</p><p>Thimphu District: Paro, 2370 m, 27°25 N, 89°25 E, 14.10.1984, I. W. J. Sinclair &amp; D. G. Long 5714 (E); Paro, 10000 ft, 14.11.1914, R. E. Cooper 3589a (E); above Bongde Farm Paro, 2500 m, 10.06.1975, A. J. C. Gierson &amp; D. G. Long 175 (E) ; 2200 m, 01.06.1967, H. Hara et al. 393 (BM) .</p><p>CHINA. Sichuan Province: [Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding/Dartsedo=Lucheng Township] west Szechuan and Tibetan frontier, chiefly near Tachienlu, at 9000−13500 ft, no date, A. E. Pratt 215 (P) ; [Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture] Province of Batang, Yangang, anno 1903, Soulié 3333 (P, P, P) ; Province of Batang, no date Soulié s.n. (P) ; Province of Batang, Yangang, anno 1903, Soulié 3331 (P) ; Province of Batang, Yangang, anno 1904, Soulié 3332 (P) ; Province of Batang, anno 1904, Soulié 4169[?] (P) ; Province of Batang, anno 1904, Soulié 4091 (P, P) ; Province of Batang, anno 1903, Soulié 83(?) (P) ; Province of Batang, Tongolo, 22.07.1894, Soulié 2321 (P, P) ; Tongolo, Jul− Aug. 1891, Soulié 2321 (P) ; Thibet oriental, Tsekou [on three specimens Ta-Tsien-lou, but deleted on two others replaced by Tsekou, fifth without place name], anno 1893, J.- A. Soulié 1057 (P, P, P) ; Thibet oriental, Ta-Tsien-lou, anno 1893, J.- A. Soulié 861 (P, P) ; Thibet oriental, Ta-Tsien-lou, no date, R. P. Mussot s.n. (P) ; Thibet oriental, Tse-kou, 1200 m, no date, Montbeig 1912 (P, P, P, P, P) ; Thibet oriental, Tsé-kou, no date, Montbeig s.n. (P) ; Huong chou tchang, Uao Pao Shan mountains, 17.07.1908, Legendre 478 (P) ; Yunnan Province: Mo-so-yin, 30.05.1884, J. M. Delavay 1044 (GH); Mt. Pé-ngay-tze, Houang Kia Pin, 04.09.1882, J. M. Delavay 421 (P) ; Yunnan-sen district, anno 1904, J. Cavalerie 7339 (P) ; Plantes de Yunnan, no date, M. Bons d´Anty s.n. (P, P, P) ; Yunnan sen, 31.03.1897, Bodinier &amp; Ducloux 174 (P); Yunnan sen, Delavay 1695 (P) ; Yunnan sen, 31.03.1897, Ducloux 174 (P); Yunnan sen, 23.05.1904, F. Ducloux 2499 (P); Yunnan sen, Yun-nan, Ducloux s.n. (P) ; Yunnan, no date, W. Hancock 33 (P); Yunnan sen, 03.04.[19]14 Legendre 1789 (P, P); Yunnan sen, Choui-Tang, 13.04.[19]14, Legendre 1863 (P) ; Yo lon chan near Yong min, anno 1910, Ducloux 7596 (P) ; Yunnan, without precise locality, 26.06.1915, P. Siméon-Ten s.n. (P); Mong-tze, no date, M. Tanant s.n. (P) ; Mong-tze, no date, Leduc s.n. (P) ; Yunnan, illegible locality: Mo-lo-yn, 28.05.1887, D. [Delavay] 3034 (P); Yunnan, Tong-tchouan, 2500 m, no date, R.- P. Maire s.n. (P, P, P, P, P) ; Lijiang prefecture, 20 km South of Judian, Yangtze Valley, 2050 m, 18.06.1993, B. Aldén et al. 1579 (GB) ; Diqing Prefecture, Zhongdian county, bottom of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.96611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.370834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.96611/lat 27.370834)">Chung Jiang He Valley</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.96611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.370834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.96611/lat 27.370834)">North of Yangtze River</a>, 2900 m, 27°22’15 N, 99°57’58 E, 17.06.1993, B. Aldén et al. 1504 (GB) ; China, no locality, no date, Delavay s.n. (P-04082291, P-04082292) ; Gan-pin and Gan-chouen, E. Bodinier &amp; L. Martin 2298 (P) ; No date, no locality, Ducloux 322 (P) ; No date, no locality, Soulié 2822 (P) ; Gansu Province: Kansu, M i nchow, 1800 m, 26.06.1930, Hopkinson 556 (P); Western China, 28.06.1903, E. H. Wilson 4170 (GH) . TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION. South-East, Tangme, Po Tsangpo Valley, Yigrong Confluence, 7000 ft, 01.06.1947, F. Ludlow et al. 13067 (E) ; South-East, between Tse and Chamna, Tsangpo Valley, 9000 ft, 05.06.1938, F. Ludlow et al. 4658 (E) ; [Zhaotong?] Tchaotong, 23.05.1882, Delavay s.n. (P) .</p><p>JAPAN. Wakayama Prefecture: Kii, Nachi, anno 1888, Faurie s.n. (P) ; Hokkaido Prefecture: [Ezo] Yeso, anno 1886, Faurie 2265 (P) .</p><p>NEPAL. Central: Bagmati Zone: Bhaktapur District: Below Nagarkot, 5000 ft, 08.08.19[?]35, F. M. Baileys Collectors s.n. (BM) ; Rasuwa district, Dhunche-Syabru besi, 1430−1980m, 23.07.1994, F. Miyamoto et al. 941004 (KATH) ; West: Gandaki Zone: Manang District: Pisang (3090 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.01639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.664999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.01639/lat 28.664999)">Humde</a> (3210 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.01639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.664999" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.01639/lat 28.664999)">Manang</a> (3360 m), 3240 m, 28°52´09 N, 84°14´22 E – 28°39´54 N, 84°00´59 E, 16.08.1994, M. Mikage et al. 9470445 (BM, E) ; Tanahu District: [Marsyangdi Valley], Marsyangdi Valley, 11500 ft, 27.06.1950, D. G. Lowndes 1077 (BM) ; Umre, [Marsyangdi Valley], Marsyandi Valley, 01.08.1983, R. J. D. Mc Beath 1572 (E) ; [?Central Nepal, Maharajgunj Khola], Maharigaon, 10500 ft, 14.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 147 (BM, E) ; Dhaulagiri Zone: Mustang District: Kali Gandaki, 13000 ft, 19.07.1977, G. Miehe 239 (BM) ; Kali Gandaki, 20.07.1977, G. Miehe 275 (BM) ; Mustang district, Kagbeni (2800m), Khingar (3230m), Jharkot (3400m), Muktinath (3550m), 22.07. 1983, H. Ohba et al. 8350580 (KATH) ; Chele (3050 m), Samar (3660 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.833336/lat 28.983334)">Bhena</a> (3820 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.833336/lat 28.983334)">Yamda La</a> (3990 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.833336/lat 28.983334)">Syangboche</a> (3800 m), 28°00 N, 83°49 E – 28°59 N, 83°50 E, 28.06.2003, Y. Iokawa et al. 20310021 (E) ; Jargeng Khola, 13500 ft, 07.07.1950, D. G. Lowndes 1149 (BM, E) ; Myadgi District: Chimagaon (N. of Tukucha), 9000 ft, 03.06.1954, Stainton et al. 899 (BM, E) ; Larjung (S. of Tukucha), 8500 ft, 27.05.1954, Stainton et al. 718 (E) ; Larjung, Kali Gandaki Valley, 8000 ft, 07.06.1984, Stainton et al. 5556 (BM) ; Samaraon (N. of Tukucha), 13000 ft, 15.08.1954, Stainton et al. 7239 (BM) ; Mid-West: Karnali Zone: Jumla District: Kumrigam, S. of Jumla, 9000 ft, 22.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 4859 (BM) ; Chutta, SE of Jumla, 10000 ft, 27.09.1856, O. Polunin et al. 5416 (BM) ; Rapti Zone: near Ghustung Khola, 28°14 N, 82°73 E, 10500 ft, 06.07.1954, Stainton et al. 3399 (BM, E) .</p><p>Cultivated Material: ECUADOR. Cotopaxi: Road Latacunga to Quevedo, between Zumbahua &amp; Pilaló, Disturbed cloud forest, 00°57’ 25,9’ S, 078°59’ 45,4 W, 2494 m, 28.06.2008, cultivated at the Botanische Gärten der Universität Bonn, summer 2014, M. Weigend &amp; G. Brokamp 9115- C (BONN).</p><p>Unidentified localities: [? Nepal], Jaglsing-Marche, 11000 ft, 21.06.16, T. B. Shrestha &amp; M. S. Bista 1456 (BM).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915CD03DFF99A71EFF27FC64FA53F803	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	König, Julia;Siwakoti, Mohan;Hilger, Hartmut H.;Weigend, Maximilian	König, Julia, Siwakoti, Mohan, Hilger, Hartmut H., Weigend, Maximilian (2015): A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species. Phytotaxa 224 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1
915CD03DFF9DA717FF27FF52FCAFF8E7.text	915CD03DFF9DA717FF27FF52FCAFF8E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynoglossum furcatum Wall.	<div><p>2. Cynoglossum furcatum Wall. in Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 6. 1824. Figs. 1 C, D; 3 C, D; 5 D–F; 7 C–E; 10.</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Verdcourt in Kew Bull. 43: 347. 1988, as “ holotype ”):—[NEPAL], Napala, Wallich 1829, N. Wallich 919 (K-000942373!) . Syntypes:—[INDIA], Dulrajpur, Hindustonia, 1825 ; [NEPAL], Napalia 1821, N. Wallich 919 (K-000942372!, E-00288394!, M-0174189), N. Wallich 919/2 (GDC-G-00205533!), N. Wallich 919/1 (GDC-G-00205534!, E-00288391!) ; [INDIA], 1830, N. Wallich 919/1 (A-00096680!); [INDIA], 1830, N. Wallich 919/2 (A-00096679!, E-00288392!) .</p><p>≡ Paracynoglossum furcatum (Wallich) Popov (1953: 679, 717).</p><p>= Cynoglossum coeruleum Hochstetter ex A. de Candolle (1846: 148) . Lectotype (designated by Mill in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb.: 481. 1984):—[prope ENSCHEDCAP, ETHIOPIA], in agris Abyssiniae, 30.07.1838, pl. Schimper abyss. sect. 2. n. 542 [from protologue]; ETHIOPIA, Endschedcap, W. Schimper 542 (G-DC, G-00202098; Isolectotypes: BM-000930344, BR-0000008359049, K-000418927, S-11-34573, STU-000395)—synonymised by Brand (1921).</p><p>= Cynoglossum edgeworthii A. de Candolle (1846: 150) . Type:—[Emodo Bunanur, Asia], Sept. 1834, M.P. Edgeworth 400 (GDC-G-00205524!).</p><p>= Cynoglossum heynei G. Don (1837 /1838: 354). Lectotype (designated by Verdcourt in Kew Bull. 43: 347. 1988):—[India], Cynoglossum lanceolatum Heyne, Herb. Heyne, Wallich [anno] 1829, 921 (K-000942356!; possible isolectotypes: Cynoglossum lanceolatum, N. Wall [ich] 921 (BM-001124575, PH-00025752!, P-03512684!, A-00096681!).—according to G. Don (1837 /38) from Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India.</p><p>≡ Cynoglossum imeretinum Kusn. in Kuznecov &amp; al., Fl. Caucas. Crit. 4(2): 138. 1913.</p><p>= Paracynoglossum imeretinum (Kusnezow) Popov (1953: 676, 717). Lectotype (here designated):— Georgia, Kutaisi, J.S. Medwedew s.n. (TBI-1024742!).</p><p>= Cynoglossum zeylanicum (Lehm.) Brand in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 13: 546. 1915. ≡ Myosotis zeylanica Lehm. (1817; replaced synonym: Anchusa zeylanica Vahl ex Hornem., non Anchusa zeylanica J. Jacq.).</p><p>Erect, annual or biennial herb, 40–80 cm tall. Stems single or several; densely and appressedly pubescent, trichomes 0.4–0.8 mm long, rarely with multi-cellular base. Leaves oblong-oval with acute apex. Basal leaves petiolate, 2.5– 15 cm × 1.2–4 cm, veins slightly immerged above, densely appressed-pubescent. Upper leaves sessile and smaller, moderately to densely appressed pubescent. Trichomes short, rough, with multi-cellular base; adaxial 0.2–0.4 mm long, acroscopic; abaxial 0.2–0.5 mm long, on veins denser, often longer and slightly spreading, basiscopic. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, subdichotomously branched, branches spreading at obtuse angle, ebracteate. Pedicels 1–2 mm long, shorter than calyx in fruit, densely strigose. Calyx 1.5–2 mm long, slightly enlarged to ca. 3 mm in fruit; lobes ovate to ovate-oblong, densely strigose outside. Corolla infundibuliform, sky blue, rarely white, 3–5 mm long; base 3.5–4.5 mm wide; limb 4–6 mm across; lobes oblong, apex rounded, ca. 2.5 wide; faucal scales at mouth of tube, rectangular to obscurely two-lobed, ca. 1 mm × 1 mm. Filaments expanded at base; anthers oblong, ca. 0.6–0.8 mm long. Style 0.5–2.5 mm long. Nutlets ovoid, 2–3 mm × 1.5–2 mm, abaxially concave; regularly glochidiate, abaxially with few glochidia in the centre, denser at margins; glochidia 0.2–0.5 mm long, with multiple retrorse barbs and tubercles, in centre often slim and longer, marginal glochidia with widenend bases forming a crest.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat: The species is extremely widespread in Asia and is here reported from Nepal, China, Bhutan, Vietnam, Thailand, the Philippines, and India. It is found mostly on disturbed sites such das fallow fields and road sides at elevations of ca. 960–3900 m. Morevoer, the former Georgia-endemic Paracynoglossum imeretinum is here recognized as another synonym, expanding the range to the Black Sea.</p><p>Notes:— Cynoglossum furcatum is superficially similar to C. amabile, but a much larger plant with inflorescences often up to 100 cm tall. However, both its flowers (diam. to 6 mm versus to 10 mm in C. amabile) and fruits (long axis to 3 mm versus long axis to 5 mm in C. amabile) are smaller. The nutlets are usually dorsally convex, sometimes more or less planar. Many herbarium specimens are annotated as Cynoglossum zeylanicum —but this name formally refers to distantly related Bothriospermum zeylanicum and is not available in Cynoglossum . Specimens from southern India and other tropical areas which have been variously referred to C. zeylanicum and C. lanceolatum may largely belong here—they usually differ by marginally smaller fruit and widely ovate leaves on the flowering shoots. There is, however, a perfect continuum between these and the more typical specimens. If any clear distinction was found, then the name Cynoglossum heynei G. Don would be available for the tropical form.</p><p>Specimens examined:— BHUTAN. Punakha District: 10 km below Nobding, Tang Chu, 2190m, 11.10.1984, I. W. J. Sinclair &amp; D. G. Long 5634 (E) ; Punakha, 10 km E of Wangdi, 1200 m, 13.08.1989, R. King 1036 (E) ; Punakha, 7000 ft, 27.08.19?14, R. E. Cooper 2853 (E); Punakha, Wangdi Phodrang, 1250 m, 05.06.1992, C. Parker 7173 (E); Shambling, Kuru Chu valley, Kurted, 2300 m, 05.05.1949, F. Ludlow et al. 18821 (GH) ; Thimphu District: Damgi, Lango block, Paro, 2300 m, 23.07.1991, C. Parker 7039 (E) ; Thimphu, 2300 m, 02.06.1992, C. Parker 7172 (E); Thimphu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=89.63333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 89.63333/lat 27.483334)">Bhutan Hotel</a>, 2370 m, 27°29 N, 89°38 E, 04.09.1984, I. W. J. Sinclair &amp; D. G. Long 4802 (E) ; Choojom (1300 m), Wenigdu Phodrang (1250 m), Mishina (1300 m), 27.04.1967, H. Kanai et al. 10629 (E) ; Thimphu to Dochu La, 2250−3050 m, 30.05.1967, H. Kanai et al. 640 (BM) ; Moti Tang, 2434 m, 08.07.1971, Ramesh Bedi 398 (E). — Nepal, without precise locality, Napalia, Wallich 4350 (P) .</p><p>MYANMAR (BURMA): North Burma, North Triangle, Hkinlus, 4000 ft, 17.7.1953, F. Kingdon-Ward 21167 (GB).</p><p>CHINA: Sichuan Province: 3000–3200 m, 08.09.1997, D. E. Boufford, M. J. Donoghue &amp; R. H. Ree 27987 (HUH); [Sichuan Province], Omei –hsien, Mt. Omei, 16.06.1910 W. N. Ma 2378 (A) ; [Sichuan Province], Omei-hsien, Mt. Omei, 04.06.1941, W. P. Fang 16816 (GH) ; [Sichuan Province], Omei-hsien, Mt. Omei, 30.06.1941, W. P. Fang 17068 (GH) ; [Sichuan Province], Omei-hsien, Mt. Omei, 28.07.1941, W. P. Fang 17433 (GH) ; [Sichuan Province], Omei-hsien, Mt. Omei, June 1942, C. L. Chow 6303 (A) ; Si-tchnen, near Ta-Tsien-lou, no date, M. Bonvalot &amp; H. D´Orleans s.n. (P) ; Tchen-kéou-tin district, no date, R. P. Farges 142 (P); [Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding/ Dartsedo = Lucheng Township] west Szechuan and Tibetan frontier, chiefly near Tachienlu, at 9000−13500 ft, no date, A. E. Pratt 598 (P) ; [Baoxing], Moupin Province, anno 1870, David s.n. (P) ; Yunnan province: [Yunnan Province], Shikong, 200 ft, July–Aug 1939, S. Y. Hu 956 (A) ; Tong-tchouan, 2500 m, 30.06.1913, R.- P. Maire s.n. (P, P) ; Tong-tchouan, 2500 m, 30.06.1913, R.- P. Maire s.n. (P, P) ; Tong-tchouan, 2550 m, no date, R.- P. Maire s.n. (P, P) ; Guangxi Province: Kwangsi, Ling Yün Hsien, 23.05.1933, A. N. Steward &amp; H. C. Cheo 494 (P, P) ; Guizhou Province: Kouy-Tcheou, Kony-yang, 01.06.1897, E. Bodinier 1608 (P) ; Kouy-Tcheou, Kony-yang, 12.07.1897, E. Bodinier 1678 (P, P) ; Húběi Province: Hupeh, Ichang, May 1888, A. Henry 4720 (P) ; Autonomous district Changyang, Chanyang, date (0)6(19)00?, E. H. Wilson 1090 (P) ; Guangdong Province: Kwangtung, Sin-fung district, Ch´a-P´ing Village, 1− 24.05.1938, Y. W. Taam 671 (P) ; Xizang Province: Thibet oriental, Tsekou et Nekou, R. P. Soulié 1907 (P) ; Thibet oriental, Tsekou et Nekou, no date, R. P. Soulié 1567 (P) ; Thibet oriental, Tsekou, 11.08.1899, R. P. Soulié 1220 (P, P) ; Thibet oriental, Tsekou, 08.07.1903, R. P. Soulié 1056 (P) ; Thibet oriental, Tsekou, R. P. Soulié 1999? (P) ; Tibet, 27.08.1913, R. E. Cooper 1095 (E) .</p><p>GEORGIA. Imeretia: Tskaltubo-Tsageri, 42°25´03,4 N, 42°34´52,3 E, 463 m, 30.08.2012, A. Gröger, W. Lobin, K. Price, M. Weigend, Z. Shevardnadse 226-1 (BONN, M). Road Tskaltubo-Tsageri, 42°31´59,2 N, 42°38´53,2 O, 344 m, 30.08.2012, A. Gröger, W. Lobin, K. Price, M. Weigend, Z. Shevardnadse 227-10 (BONN, M).</p><p>INDIA: Assam: Orang, March 1902, A. C. Chaterjee s.n. (P) ; [India], Bengal, 9000 ft, 07.08.1893, K. Biswas s.n. (E) ; [India, Uttar Pradesh], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.566666/lat 27.366667)">Aaera Khola</a>, 27°22 N, 82°34 E, 02.07.1969, L. H. J. Williams 1063 (BM) ; 27°22 N, 87°24 E, 4500 ft, 02.07.1969, L. H. J. Williams 1061 (BM); Himachal Pradesh: [India, Himachal Pradesh], Simla, no date, George Watt s.n. (E) ; [India, Himachal Pradesh], Simla, Himalaya, Jacko, 8000 ft, Aug 1887, George Watt s.n. (E) ; [India, Himachal Pradesh], Simla, Himalaya, Jacko, 7500 ft, no date, George Watt s.n. (E) ; Punjab: India, Punjab, 1904, J. R. Drummond 20995 (E) ; Sikkim: [India, Sikkim], Chowbhanjan, 12000 ft, 1913, Ribu &amp; Rhomoo 6702 (E) ; [India, Sikkim], Dar, Rimbick, 1600 m, 05.05.1960, H. Kanai et al. 17569 (BM) ; [India, Sikkim], Jaunsar, NW Provinces, Athang, Konain, 7000 ft, Oct. 1890, K. Nand 349 (E) ; Sikkim, 4000 ft., Hooker &amp; Thomson s.n. (P-04082037) ; Sikkim, 4000−8000 ft., Hooker &amp; Thomson s.n. (P-04082308, P-04082311). Sikkim, 5000−8000 ft., Hooker &amp; Thomson s.n. (P-04082312) ; Sinchul, 7200 ft., Aug. 1862, T. Anderson 810 (P) ; Uttarakhand: Dehradun District: Masuri, Aug. 1838, M. P. Edgeworth 289 (GDC) ; Masuri, Oct. 1838, M. P. Edgeworth 393 (GDC) ; [Kumaon Region] Samkhet, Kumaon, 6000 ft., R. Strachey &amp; J. E. Winterbottom 6 (P) ; West Bengal: Darjeeling District: Eastern Himalaya, [India, Westbengal, Darjeeling District], Rishap, 4000 ft, 30.07.1913, G. H. Cave s.n. (E) ; Darjeeling, 7000 ft, 27.08.1862, T. Anderson 810 (P) ; Darjeeling, anno 1904, J. R. Drummond 20995 (P) .</p><p>NEPAL. East: Mechi Zone: Taplejung District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.566666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.566666/lat 27.366667)">Maewa Khola</a>, 4000 ft, 27°22 N, 87°34 E, 02.07.1969, L. H. S. Williams 1063 (BM) ; Thakma Khola, Diorali Bhanjang, Bhandukay, Yamphodin, 17.11.1963, H. Kanai et al. 6300678 (BM) ; Lungthung (16700 m), Thakpa Bazaar (1600 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.809166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.536388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.809166/lat 27.536388)">Tamur</a> bridge (1560 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.809166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.536388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.809166/lat 27.536388)">Sakathum</a> (1570 m), 1700 m, 27°33´32 N, 87°47´47 E – 27°32´11 N, 87°48´33 E, 03.06.1992, S. Noshiro et al. 9240500 (BM) ; Chiruwa (1210 m), Tapke Top (1320 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.79528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.545277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.79528/lat 27.545277)">Lelep</a> (1460 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.79528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.545277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.79528/lat 27.545277)">Thakpa Bazaar</a> (1600 m), 1300 m, 27°29´29 N, 87°44´42 E – 27°32´43 N, 87°47´43 E, 22.05.1992, M. Suzuki et al. 9240261 (E) ; Koshi Zone: Dhankuta District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Hile</a> (1860 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Pakhribas</a> (1620 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Gholi Kharja</a> (1230 m), near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Hile</a>, 1850 m, 87°15 E, 27°00 N, 23.07.1990, M. Minake et al. 9080013 (E) ; Sankhuwasabha District: Arun Valley, Lamobagar Gola, N. of Num, 5000 ft, 87– 88° E, 27.06.1956, J.D. A. Stainton 464 (E) ; Arun Valley, Lamobagar Gola, N. of Num, 27.06.1956, J.D. A. Stainton 469 (BM) ; Arun Valley, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.23333/lat 27.433332)">Kuwapani village</a>, 1950 m, 27°26 N, 87°14 E, 21.09.1991, D. G. Long et al. 144 (E) ; Kaptane (2000 m), Muck Danda (2000 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.26889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.55361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.26889/lat 27.55361)">Mude</a> (2000 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.26889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.55361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.26889/lat 27.55361)">Ranidhunga</a> (1870 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.26889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.55361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.26889/lat 27.55361)">Num</a> (1540 m), 27°29´33 N, 87°15´08 E – 27°33´13 N, 87°16´08 E, 18.08.1997, S. Noshiro et al. 9760187 (E) ; Num (1540 m), Arunbridge (750 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.267784&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.583334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.267784/lat 27.583334)">Sedua</a> (1590 m), 1470 m, 27°33´13 N, 87°16´58 E – 27°35´00 N, 87°16´04 E, 19.08.1997, S. Noshiro et al. 9760208 (E) ; Terhathum District: [?] Hamarajung, 25.03.1922, M. S. Bista, 8004 (BM) ; Central: Likhu Khola, 6000 ft, 27°88 N, 86°28 E, 17.06.1964, J. D. Stainton 4640 (BM) ; Sim Chotala (960 m), Ramche (1800 m), Gram (1900 m), 20.08.1972, H. Kanai et al. 721661 (BM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.166664/lat 28.333334)">Ganesh Himal.</a>, 28°20 N, 85°10 E – 28°20 N, 95°10 E, apr/ may.1975, B. Yon 209 (E) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.166664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.333334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.166664/lat 28.333334)">Ganesh Himal.</a>, 28°20 N, 85°10 E – 28°20 N, 95°10 E, apr/ may.1975, B. Yon 209 (E) ; Gurjakhani, 8000 ft, 26.07.1954, Stainton et al. 3630 (BM, E) ; Janakpur Zone: Dolakha District: Jiri (1860 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.28333/lat 27.6)">Bkal</a> (2020 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.28333/lat 27.6)">Ratmate</a> (2270 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.28333/lat 27.6)">Maligaon</a> (2200 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.28333/lat 27.6)">Shivalaya</a> (1800 m), 68°14 E, 27°37 N – 86°17 E, 27°36 N, 04.07.1983, H. Ohiba et al. 8530060 (BM, KATH) ; Dolakha district, Jiri-Shivalaya, 1800−1860m, 04.07. 1985, H. Ohba et al. 6570087 (KATH) ; Ramecchap District: Patkare (2200 m), Bhadar (2300 m), 05.08.1985, H. Ohba et al. 8571334 (BM, KATH) ; Bagmati Zone: Kathmandu District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.333336/lat 27.7)">Kathmandu</a> Eastside, 1300 m, 27°42 N, 85°20 E, 02.08.1974, J. H. de Haas 2018 (BM) ; Sanku, 10 miles, NE Katmandu, Bhadra Jogini Hill, 8.– 11.07.1956, Kenneth de B. Codrington 14 (BM) ; Sanku, 10 miles, NE Katmandu, Bhadra Jogini Hill, 8.– 11.07.1956, Kenneth de B. Codrington 17 (BM) ; Sanku, 10 miles, NE Katmandu, Bhadra Jogini Temple clearing, 5000 ft, 8.– 11.07.1956, Kenneth de B. Codrington 27 (BM) ; Sanku, 10 miles, NE Katmandu, 8.– 11.07.1956, Kenneth de B. Codrington 50 (BM) ; Sanku, 10 miles, NE Katmandu, 8.– 11.07.1956, Kenneth de B. Codrington 46 (BM) ; Sundarijal near Katmandu, 4000– 5000 ft, 28.06.1949, B. D. Pande 1010 (BM) ; [Central Nepal, Kathmandu District], Central Nepal, Phulchoki, S of Katmandu, 2200–2700 m, 15.07.1972, H. Hara et al. 724075 (BM) ; [Central Nepal, Kathmandu District], Katmandu, 4500 ft, 14.07.1935, P. M. Baileys Collectors s.n. (BM) ; Lalitpur District: Godawari Botanical Garden, 10 miles of Katmandu, 1500 m, 01.09.1966, D. H. Hisolson 327 (BM) ; Godawari near Katmandu, 4000–6000 ft, 27.11.1948, B. D. Pande 76 (BM) ; Nuwakot District: Village de Salme, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.13333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.13333/lat 28.05)">Tchepang</a>, 2100 m, 28°03 N, 85°008 E, 04.01.1981, J. Wiart 569 (E) ; Nuwakot &amp; Dhading District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.94056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.974722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.94056/lat 27.974722)">Tharpa Bhanjyang</a>, 1290 m, 27°56´53 N, 85°22´50 E – 27°58´29 N, 84°56´26 E, 15.07.1994, M. Suzuki et al. 9485022 (BM, E) ; Rasuwa District: Dunche (1980 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.333336/lat 28.15)">Thulo Bhargy</a> (1880 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.333336/lat 28.15)">Syabra Bensi</a> (1430 m), 1400 m, 28°09 N, 85°20 E, 23.07.1994, F. Miyamoto et al. 9410004 (BM, E) ; Bagmati Zone, Lalitpur district, Godavari Botanical Garden, 10 miles SE of Kathmandu, 1500 m, 04.09.1966, D. H. Nicolson 2271 (BM) ; Narayani Zone: Makwanpur District: Daman, 2400 m, 14.08.1971, J. F. Dobremez 811 (E) ; West: Ila, Bheri River, 6000 ft, 06.09.1856, O. Polunin et al. 3243 (Sheet 1/2) (BM) ; Gandaki Zone: Lamjung District: Rambrong, Lamjung Himal., 8000 ft, 27.10.1954, Stainton et al. 8808 (BM, E, KATH) ; Kaski district, Lumley-Birethati, 15.07.1964, T. B. Shrestha &amp; M. S. Bista 1943 (BM, KATH) ; Manang District: Bhragu, 7000 ft, 04.06.1949, O. Polunin 103 (BM). Kaski District: Kahre/Lumle, 5500 ft, 05.09.1969, H. Flatt 96 (BM) ; Lumle Agricultural Centre, 1645 m, 01.06.1975, G. Dawson 363 &amp; 363a (BM) ; Dhaulagiri Zone: Myagdi District: Nepal, Larjung (N. of Tkucha), 8500 ft, 27.05.1954, Stainton et al. 718 (BM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.65/lat 28.5)">Sikha</a>, 2000 m, 28°24 N, 83°42 E – 28°30 N, 83°39 E, 27.07.1996, T. Hoshino et al. 9662050 (BM) ; S. of Annapurna, above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.1/lat 28.116667)">Siklis</a>, 2350 m, 28°07 N, 84°06 E, 27.08.1976, R. G. Troth 924 (BM) ; Samargaon (N. of Tukucha), 13000 ft, 15.08.1954, Stainton et al. 7239 (E) ; Parbat District: Gorepani Deorali (3170m) Chitre (2400 m), Shika (2100 m), 14.07.1983, H. Ohba et al. 8350316 (A, BM, E, KATH) ; Samaraon (N. of Tukucha), 13000 ft, 15.08.1954, Stainton et al. 7239 (BM) ; Far West: Seti Zone: Doti District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.001114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.236" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.001114/lat 29.236)">Above Silgadi</a> on trail to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.001114&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.236" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.001114/lat 29.236)">Khaptad</a>, 1935 m, 29°14,16 N, 81°00´04 E, 29.06.2009, H. Ikeda et al. 20916001 (E) ; Jhiknana, Doti district, 18.05.1929, Bis Ram 424 (BM) .</p><p>PHILIPPINES. Bontoc Subprovince, Luzon, March 1913, M. Vanoverbergh 2690 (P) ; 07.05.1914, M. Vanoverbergh 49 (GB); Mindanao, Davao district, Todaya, Mt. Apo, August 1909, D. E. Elmer 11481 (P) .</p><p>THAILAND. Doi Khun Huai Pong, N 18 ° 58´, N 98 ° 10´, 1850 m, 03.03.1968, B. Hansen &amp; T. Smitinand 12777 (AAU, BKF, E, K, L, P) ; Phitsanulok, Puh Mieng Mountain, 1300 m, 27.07.1966, K. Larsen 945 (P) .</p><p>VIETNAM. Tom Kum Province: Tomkum, Ngok Pan, 1500 m, 08.12.1946, M. E. Poilane 35720 (P) ; B ắc B ộ: Tonkin, 1500 m, Aug. 1931, Pételot 4374 (P) ; B ắc B ộ: Tonkin, 1600 m, Aug. 1931, Pételot 4374 (P) ; Tonkin, San-tan-ngai, Lai Chan, 1600−1700 m, 07.04.1936, M. E. Poilane 25608 (P, P) ; without legible locality, 1500−1600 m, 09.12.1937, M. E. Poilane 26792 (P); Lao Cai Province: [Sa Pa,] Province de Lao-Kay, Cha-pa, 1400−1500 m, 07.12.1913, A. Chevalier 29447 (P) ; Province de Lao-Kay, Cha-pa, 1400−1500 m, 06.12.1913, A. Chevalier 29409 (P) ; Chapa, 30.10.1911, H. Lecomte &amp; A Finet 503 (P) ; Chapa, Tonkin, 1500 m, Aug. 1931, Pételot 4374 (P, P) ; Chapa and Cho-Bo, 6 km from Col de Lo, 1600 m, 31.07.1926, M. E. Poilane 12691 (P) ; La Phing near Chapa, 1450 m, 07.08.1926, M. E. Poilane 12867 (P) ; Chapa, Tonkin, Apr. 1925, Pételot 3677 (P, P) ; Chapa, Tonkin, Nov. 1924, Pételot 1740 (P) ; Son La Province: [Pa Kha] Tonkin, Pakha, Laothy, 1000−1200 m, 04.01.1930, Pételot 4374 (P, P) ; Tonkin, Lao-Khay, 1400 m, 04.01.1930, M. E. Poilane 17266 (P).—without precise locality, Tonkin, M. E. Poilane 35720 (P). Unidentified localities: [?Nepal], Dorchet, 3500 ft, 04.08.1935, F. M. Baileys Collectors 272 (BM, E); [?] H Juman, 4000–7000 ft, 07.06.[?]1919, R. A. 1000 (E) ; Rindala, July 1835, M. P. Edgeworth 387 (GDC) ; Himalaya, anno 1869, Falconer 13 (P) ; East Himalaya, no date, Griffith 5970 /1 (P, P) ; Northwestern Himalaya, Hooker &amp; Thomson s.n. (P-04082036, P-04082040) ; Indes Orient., V. Jacquemont 1039 (P) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915CD03DFF9DA717FF27FF52FCAFF8E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	König, Julia;Siwakoti, Mohan;Hilger, Hartmut H.;Weigend, Maximilian	König, Julia, Siwakoti, Mohan, Hilger, Hartmut H., Weigend, Maximilian (2015): A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species. Phytotaxa 224 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1
915CD03DFF96A709FF27F85AFE7EFD2F.text	915CD03DFF96A709FF27F85AFE7EFD2F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsskal, Fl.	<div><p>3. Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forsskål, Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 41. 1775. Figs. 1 E, F; 3 E, F; 5 G–I; 11.</p><p>Holotype:—[ Al Hadiyah, Yemen, March 1763], P. Forsskål 312 (C-10002127!).</p><p>≡ Paracynoglossum lanceolatum (Forssk.) R.R. Mill (1984: 474) .</p><p>= Cynoglossum canescens Willdenow (1809: 180) . Lectotype (here designated):— C.L. Willdenow, s.n. (B-W-03335010!). Syntypes:— C.L. Willdenow, s.n. (B-W-03335000!, B-W-03335020!).—synonymised by Brand (1921), see also Verdcourt (1991).</p><p>= Cynoglossum hirsutum Thunberg (1794: 34) . Type:—[South Africa, Western Cape] C.P. Thunberg, s.n. (UPS-V-003995).—synonymised by Brand (1921), see also Verdcourt (1991).</p><p>= Cynoglossum hispidum Thunberg (1794: 34) . Type:—[South Africa, Western Cape], C.P. Thunberg (UPS-V-003996).—synonymised by Brand (1921).</p><p>= Cynoglossum vesiculosum Wallich ex G. Don (1838: 354) . Type:—[Nepal], “Napalia, 1821”, N. Wallich 920 (K-000942369!)— but not “Napalia, 1821”, N. Wallich 920 (GDC-G-00205527 = C. wallichii !)</p><p>- Cynoglossum racemosum of Roxburgh in Roxburgh &amp; Wallich (1824: 6), nom. illeg.</p><p>- Cynoglossum micranthum of Desfontaine (1804: 220), nom. nud.</p><p>- Echinospermum paniculatum E. Meyer ex de Candolle (1846: 149, 143), nom. nov. for Cynoglossum micranthum Desf. —synonymised by Brand (1921).</p><p>Erect, annual or biennial herb, 20–90 cm tall. Stems erect, single or branched from middle or below, branches spreading; densely appressed-pubescent, hair 0.5–1.5 mm long, without multi-cellular base, acroscopic. Leaves ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate with acute apex. Basal leaves short petiolate, 4.7–15 cm × 1–3 cm, moderate to densely appressed pubescent. Upper sessile and smaller, moderate to densely pubescent. Trichomes long, straight, with multi-cellular base; adaxial 0.1–1 mm long; abaxial 0.2–1 mm long, on veins denser and longer; acroscopic. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, branches spreading at an obtuse angle, ebracteate. Pedicel 1–1.5 mm long, scarcely elongated in fruit. Calyx 1–1.5 mm long; lobes ovate, densely and shortly appressed-pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, slightly enlarged in fruit, apex obtuse. Corolla infundibuliform, white to pale blue, 1.5–2.5 mm long; base 3–4 mm wide; limb 2–4 mm across; lobes rounded to oblong, 0.5–1 mm wide; faucal scales at mouth of tube, rectangular to obscurely two-lobed, ca. 1 mm × 1 mm. Anthers ovoid, ca. 0.4–0.6 mm long. Style ca. 0.5–1 mm long. Nutlets ovoid-globose, 1.2–2 mm × 0.8–2 mm, abaxially concave; regularly glochidiate; glochidia long and slender, up to 0.5 mm long, with multiple retrorse barbs and tubercles, marginal glochidia with widenend bases.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat: The species is widespread in Africa and is here reported from a range of Asian countries, from Yemen to Vietnam. It is found in fields, forests, waste places. Unlike the other species of Cynoglossum it is not restricted to higher elevations, but may be found from 150–4100 m asl.</p><p>Notes:— Cynoglossum lanceolatum is essentially a yet smaller version of C. furcatum and is an extremely widespread, weedy species, mostly annual, rarely biennial. A range of names have been proposed, but no consistent difference can be found and we advocate accepting a single, widespread species as previously proposed by Brand (1921).</p><p>Representative specimens:— BANGLADESH. Rangamati Hill District: Chittagong Hill Tracts, Gagra Road, 12.08.1987, M. A. Rahman &amp; M. Hossain 87–132 (E) ; Without precise locality, East Bengal, without date, Griffith 5970 (P) .</p><p>BHUTAN. Paro District: Bhutan [Paro District], Paro, 10000 ft, 15.11. [?]1914, R. E. Cooper 3589b (E) ; Punakha District: 1km N. of Punakha <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=89.85&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 89.85/lat 27.616667)">Dzong</a>, 1270 m, 27°37 N, 89°51 E, 10.09.1984, I. W. J. Sinclair &amp; D. G. Long 4925 (E) ; Heso Thangkha on Wangdi / Chirang road, Upper Gaseloo Block, 1200 m, 14.03.1991, C. Parker 4891 (E) ; Thimphu District: Bhutan [Thimphu District], between Lobeysa and Lometsawa, 2000 m, 17.06.1975, A. J. C. Grierson &amp; D. G. Long 451 (E) ; Trongsa District: near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=90.683334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 90.683334/lat 27.216667)">Pertimi</a>, 27°13 N, 90°41 E, 1400 m, 03.04.1982, A. J. C. Grierson &amp; D. G. Long 4265 (E) ; Wangdue Phodrang District: Bhutan [Wangdue Phodrang District], Samtengang, Tashi Coling, Keyebaka, Chojom, 1500 m, 26.04.1967, G. Murata et al. 10099 (BM) ; Bhutan [Wangdue Phodrang District], 2500 m, 11.08.1989, R. King 1007 (E) .</p><p>MYANMAR (BURMA). Mindst, 5000 ft, 09.06.1956, F Kingdong-Ward 22829 (GB).</p><p>CHINA. Chekiang Province: Yen Tang Shan, 11.08.1927, C. Y. Chiao 14624 (GB) ; Sichuan Province: [China, Sichuan Province], Omai-hsian, Mt. Omei, 13.12.1940, W. P. Fang 15712 (A) ; [China, Sichuan Province], Omei-hsian, Mt. Omei, 01.09.1942, C. L. Chow 6641 &amp; 6693 (A) ; [China, Sichuan Province], Omei-hsian, Mt. Omei, 29.10.1942, W. H. Wang 8037 (A) ; [China, Sichuan Province], Omei-hsian, Mt. Omei, 1400 m, 20.10.1941, W. P. Fang 17828 (A). Omei-hsian, Mt. Omei, 1400 m, 25.08.1928, W. P. Fang 3344 (P) ; Tchen-kéou-tin district, no date, R. P. Farges s.n. (P, P); [Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture] Province of Batang, Soulié 9170 (P) ; Yunnan Province: [China, Yunnan Province], Shikong, 3000 ft, July–August 1939, S. Y. Hu &amp; Y. C. Kong 902 (A) ; China [Yunnan Province], Lijiang, 09.07.1999, S. Y. Hu &amp; Y. C. Kong Y129 (A) ; [China, Yunnan Province], Mengla Xian, 900 m, 03.05.1992, T. Zhanhuo 92–397 (A) ; La Kou, 2400 m, no date, R.- P. Maire s.n. (P, P) ; Tong-tchouan, 2500 m, no date, R.- P. Maire s.n. (P, P) ; [Kunming], ear Songming, anno 1910, F. Duclouox 7581 (P) ; Kin yu koa, no date, M. Leduc s.n. (P) ; Yolin-chan near Song min, mo date, Ducloux 7582 (P) ; Yunnan, without precise locality, 27.06.1915, P. Siméon-Ten s.n. (P) ; No locality, June 1882, J. M. Delavay s.n. (P) ; Locality illegible, 01.08.1889, J. M. Delavay 3841 (P, P) ; Locality illegible, 06.06.1887, J. M. Delavay s.n. (P) ; Locality illegible, 17.08.1888, J. M. Delavay 4567 (P, P) ; Guangdong Province: Kwangtung, Yam Na Shan, Mei District, W. T. Tsang 21537 (P) ; Guangxi Province: Kwangsi, Ling Yün Hsien, 1.06.1933, A. N. Steward &amp; H. C. Cheo 565 (P) .</p><p>NEPAL. East: East Nepal, Dhara Pani (1000 m), Mohamabedi Khola (400 m), Tamur Bridge (300 m), Tekunala (800 m), 03.06.1972, H. Kanai et al. 724081 (BM, KATH) ; Mechi Zone: Taplejung District: [Taplejung], 4000 ft, 01.07.[?]1969, L. H. J. Williams 1049 (BM) ; Koshi Zone: Dhankuta District: Hile (1910 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Pakhribas</a> (1700 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Gholi Kharka</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Dholikharka</a>, 1300 m), 87°15 E, 27°00 N, 02.07.1988, M. Suzuki et al. 88 (E) ; Hile (1910 m), Pakhribas (1700 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Gholi Kharka</a> (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.25/lat 27.0)">Dholikharka</a>, 1300 m), 87°15 E, 27°00 N, 02.07.1988, M. Suzuki et al. 8820073 (BM) ; Sankhuwasabha District: Himalaya, East Nepal, Tumlingtar (450 m), Khandbari (1150 m), 26.07.1977, H. Ohashi et al. 770059 (BM, E) ; Sagarmatha zone: Solukhumbu district, Bhandar-Sete, 2300−2550m, 10.08.1985, H. Ohba et al. 8571732 (KATH) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.51667/lat 27.533333)">Pike</a> khop (27°32’N− 88°31’E), Tama khani (2530m), Beni (2240m), Fera (2490m), 25.07.1995, F. Miyamota et al. 9580075 (KATH) ; Central: Central Nepal, Sim Chotala (960 m), Ramche (1800 m), Gram (1900 m), 20.08.1972, H. Kanai et al. 721660 (BM) ; [Central] Nepal, Ghasa, S. of Tukucha, Kali Gandaki, 7500 ft, 06.07.1954, Stainton et al. 1616 (BM) ; [Nepal], between Jahr Lama, [?] Buri Gandaki, 11000 ft, 04.07.1953, P. C. Gardner 1117 (BM) ; Nepal, near Lumsum, 7500 ft, 17.07.1954, Stainton et al. 3510 (BM, E) ; Central Nepal, Tatopani (1360 m), Dana (1550 m), Titre (1600 m), Gasa (2100 m), 16.07.1983, H. Ohba et al. 8350458 (BM). [?Maharajgunj Khola], Maharigam Khola, 13000 ft, 27.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 1643 (BM) ; Janakpur Zone: Dolakha District: Shivalaya (1800 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.516666/lat 27.6)">Maligaon</a> (2200 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.516666/lat 27.6)">Ratmate</a> (2270 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.516666/lat 27.6)">Bkal</a> (2020 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=27.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 27.516666/lat 27.6)">Jiri</a> (1860 m), 86°17 E, 27°36 N – 86°14 E, 27°31 E, 07.08.1985, H. Ohba et al. 8571461 (BM, KATH) ; Ramechhap District, Choarma (2760 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.416664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.616667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.416664/lat 27.616667)">Kyama</a> (2600 m), 86° E, 27°41 N – 86°25 E, 27°37 N, 03.08.1985, H. Ohba et al. 8571145 (E) ; Bagmati Zone: Kathamndu District: Kathmandu, 1500 m, 24.04.2009, A. Sukhorukov s.n. (E) ; Sanku, 10 miles NE of Katmandu, 08.– 11.07.1956, Kenneth de B. Codrington 48 (BM) ; Sanku, 10 miles NE of Katmandu, 08.– 11.07.1956, Kenneth de B. Codrington 71 (BM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.333336/lat 27.7)">Kathmandu</a>, east side, 1300 m, 27°42 N, 85°20 E, 02.08.1974, J. H. de Haas 2019 (BM) ; Nuwakot District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.14528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.929722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.14528/lat 27.929722)">Trisuli Bazar</a>, 630 m, 27°55´47 N, 85°08´43 E, 13.07.1994, M. Suzuki et al. 9485003 (E) ; Nuwakot, Salme Village, Tine, 1600 m, 26.06.1981, J. Wiart 536 (E) ; Narayani Zone: Bara District: Simara, 500 ft, 09.08.1953, P. C. Gardner 1545 (BM) ; Chitwan District: Khagendramalli ( Chitwan Jungle Lodge (170 m), Machan Wildlife Resort (250 m)), 22.01.1996, M. Mikage et al. 9614258 (E) ; Rampur, 320m, 05.08. 1992, I. Shrestha &amp; N. Joshi 175 (KATH) ; Parsa District: Parsa Wildlife Reserve, along Bhalu Khola, 27°13´55–14´17 N, 84°57´07–24 E, 220 m, 10.11.1995, M. Mikage et al. 9552852 (E, KATH) ; West: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.833336/lat 28.45)">Jum Khola</a>, 28°27 N, 81°50 E, 13.04.1974, J. F. Dobremez 2481 (E) ; Ghar Khola, 7000 ft, 14.06.1954, Stainton et al. 5757 (BM) ; Gandaki Zone: Kaski District: Pokhara, 3500 ft, 23.07.1954, Stainton et al. 6471 (BM, E) ; Poyora [Pokhara], 9500 ft, 28.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 330 (BM, E) ; Birethani (1100 m), Tirkhedhunga (1600 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.73333/lat 28.366667)">Ulleri</a> (2100 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.73333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.73333/lat 28.366667)">Banthani</a> (2200 m), 1200 m, 28°19 N, 83°47 E – 28°22 N, 83°44 E, 25.07.1996, T. Hoshino et al. 9666015 (E) ; Tanahu District: Marshyangdi Khola, 3000 ft / 915 m, 22.04.1954, Stain ton et al. 2533 (BM, E) ; Lumbini Zone: Nawalparasi District: Barghat, 240m, 26.06. 1993, P. P. Kurmi KB 816 (KATH) ; Rupandehi District: Khasyanis forest, “Kuro”, 150 m, Jun 1971, J. Makin 188 (BM) ; Dhawalagiri Zone: Myagdi District: Marma Khola, 31.03.1952, O. Polunin et al. 716 (E) ; Ranipauwa (N. of Beni), 3500 ft, 23.05.1994, Stainton et al. 588 (BM, E) ; Mid-West: Karnali Zone: Jumla DistrictBetrun Gargiahst &amp; Tumigan, SE of Jumla, 10500 ft, 21.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 4815 (BM) ; Gum, near Rara Daha 8000 ft, 14.08.1952, O. Polunin et al. 5207 (BM) ; Far West: Seti Zone: Bajhang District: Bajhnag, trail from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.08945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.619444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.08945/lat 29.619444)">Surma</a> to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.08945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.619444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.08945/lat 29.619444)">Thalara</a>, 2396 m, 29°37’10 N, 81°5’22 E, 10.07.2009, H. Ikeda et al. 20913088 (E) ; Bajura District: Tolebhir (1700m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.717224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.403055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.717224/lat 29.403055)">Kabhri</a> (1500 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.717224&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.403055" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.717224/lat 29.403055)">Berma</a> (1170 m), 81°44´26 E, 29°19´6 N – 81°43´02 E, 29°24´11 N, 09.08.1991, M. Suzuki et al. 9160422 (E) ; Mahakali Zone: Kanchanpur District: Royal Shuklaphanta Wild life Reserve, Jhilmila, Shuklaphat, 200 m, 80°11–13 E, 28°46–48 N, 08.10.1996, M. Mikage et al. 9689142 (BM) ; Dadeldhura district, Lipna, 1000m, 12.08.1980, K. R. Rajbhandari et al. 5251 (KATH).— without precise locality, Mayangdi Khola, 3000 ft., 22.04.1954, Stainton et al. 2533 (P) .</p><p>INDIA. [India], [?] <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.083334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.9/lat 26.083334)">Aeklayan</a>, 26°5 N, 87°54 E, 5500 ft, 23.05.[?]1969, L. H. J. Williams 190 (BM) ; Delhi: no date, A. W. Kefwani (GB); Himachal Pradesh: [India, Himachal Pradesh], Simla, 7000 ft, 30.07.1888, George Watt 8892 (E) ; Simla, without date, Harmand 137 (P) ; Simla, without date, Harmand s.n. (P) ; Tamil Nadu: [Nilgiris district, Ooty], Utakamand, Nilgherries, 23.02.1863, M. J. Rémy 14 (P) ; Sikkim: Calcuttensis, Sikkim, 3500 ft, 16.07.[?]1908, W. C. Craib 573 (E) ; Rate Chu bridge, N. of Gangtok, 1770 m, 10.07.1996, D. G. Long et al. &amp; H. J. Noltie 93 (E) ; Darjeeling District: Tista, 700 m, 20.06.1960, H. Kanai et al. 7568 (BM) ; Eastern Himalaya, Tista, 1000 ft, 15.05.1912, G. H. Cave s.n. (E) ; Junction of Great and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.3/lat 27.116667)">Little Rungit Rivers</a>, 27°07 N, 88°18 E, 07.08.1992, D. G. Long et al. 1258 (E) ; Arunachal Pradesh: Flora of eastern Himalaya, Riang, 2000 ft, 08.06.1913, G. H. Cave s.n. (E) ; Assam: without date and locality, Masters s.n. (P−04083639, P− 04082307 pro parte) ; Uttarakhand: [Kumaon Region] Alomora, Kumaon, 5000 ft., R. Strachey &amp; J. E. Winterbottom 8 (P).— without state or details — Kanaor inferieur, D. Royle 1131 (P) .</p><p>LAOS: 240 km on route from Vinh to Traminh (?), 1500−1600 m, 30.08.1929, M. E. Poilane 16794 (P) ; [Xieng Khouang Province], Si Xieng Khouang, “grottes des Jarres”, 1100 m, Mai 1931, herbier M. Petelot, C. Colani s.n. (P, P) .</p><p>THAILAND. Prov. Chiang Mai: near Ban Pha Mon (Chom Tong), 900 m, 31.05.1979, J. E. &amp; Y. Vidal 6250 (P) ; [Chom Tong?] Jawm Tong, Mae Soi Ridge, Mae Soi subdsitrict, 1475 m, 20.07.1991, J. F. Maxwell 91-684 (P) . Provinz Mae Hong Son: [Amphoe Mae Sariang] northern Thailand, 20 km W of Bo Luang towards Mae Sariang, N 18 ° 08, E 98 ° 12, 04.07.1968, K. Larsen et al. 2077 (AAU, P) .</p><p>VIETNAM. B ắc K ạn Province: [Ch ợ Đồn District,] Col de Bellevue, 28.04.1957, P. Tixier 07 (P-04083647) ; Hòa Bình Province: Due-Nhem, without date, Eberhardt 4217 (P, P, P) ; Province Hà N ội: Hanoi, March 1922, M. Petelot 369 (P) ; Lâm Đồng Province: Lang-Bian mountains, Dalang to Dran, 200−1000 m, 09.02.1914, A. Chevalier 30631 (P, P, P) ; Lang-Bian mountains, Bellevue to Dran, 800−1000 m, 30.04.1919, A. Chevalier 40435 (P) ; Lang-Bian mountains, Dran, 1000 m, 04.05.1919, A. Chevalier 40553 (P) ; Lang-Bian mountains, Dran, 1000 m, 20.06.1922, Poilan 3920 (P) ; Lac Duong district, Da Chay, 29−31 km NE of Dalang city, 1550−1700 m, N 12 ° 07´, E 108 ° 36´, 14.04.1997, L. Averyanov &amp; N. Q. Binh VH 3951 (P).— without precise locality, 1866−1868, Mekong, Thorel 9999 (P, P) ; Dalat, around Lang Bian palace, 07.10.1924, F. Evrard 1319 (P, P) .</p><p>YEMEN. Jebel Masar, Haraz, 2600 m, 08.06.1979, J. R I. Wood 2834 (BM) ; SO de Jebel Masar, 1900 m, 14.05.1887, A. Deflers 406 (P) ; Ta´izz Governorate: Mount Saber, anno 1837, Botta s.n. (P, P, P) ; Urssil, Wadi Hedjan, 06.02.1889, G. Schweinfurth 1139 (P) ; Souk el Khamis, 2300 m, 27.06.1887, A. Deflers 581 (P); Gebal Schibam, 2600 m, 12.05.1987, A. Deflers 353 (P) .</p><p>Cultivated material: SWAZILAND. Hhohho, seeds obtained from: Kew - Millenium seed bank 94823, anno 1992, cultivated in Berlin, seeds sown 17.08.2009, specimen prepared: 22.02.2010, M. Weigend 9198-2 (B, M).</p><p>Unidentified localities: “ Indes Orientales ”, without date and locality, V. Jacquemont 1450 (P-04083641, P-04083642) ; “ Indes Orientales ”, without date and locality, V. Jacquemont 2460 (P-04083643, P-04083645) ; “ Indes Orientales ”, without date and locality, V. Jacquemont 1504 (P-04083646) ; “ Indes Orientales ”, without date and locality, V. Jacquemont 1908 (P-04083644) ; “ Indes Orientales ”, without date and locality, V. Jacquemont 578 (P-04083706) ; “ Jade ”, without date, herbier A. De Jussieu s.n. (P) ; Without date and locality, M. Poilane s.n. (P-04083694) ; Coromandel, Distr. Concan, Sikkim, etc., Dec.1867, L. Pierre s.n. (P-03512629 pro parte).—evidently a mixed collection, C. lanceolatum is the plant directly above the label .</p><p>4. Cynoglossum microglochin Royle ex Bentham, Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. [Royle] 1: 305. 1836. Figs. 2 A, B; 4 A, B; 5 J–L; 12.</p><p>Holotype:—Cashmere, 1835, J. F. Royle, s.n. (K-000942463!).</p><p>= Cynoglossum grandiflorum Bentham, in Royle (1836: 305). Lectotype (here designated):—[INDIA, Cashmere, Harpoo, Choor, Kedarkanta], Cynglossum grandiflorum, 1835, N. W. India, Royle s.n. (K-000998430!). Syntypes:— Cynglossum grandiflorum, N. W. India, Royle s.n. (PH-00009264!; K-000998432!).</p><p>= Cynoglossum nervosum Bentham ex C.B. Clarke, in Hooker f. (1883: 158). ≡ Cynoglossum petiolatum var. nervosum (Bentham ex C.B Clarke.) Bennet (1983: 592); ≡ Cynoglossum microglochin var. nervosum (Bentham ex C. B. Clarke) Y.J. Nasir (1989: 163) . Lectotype (designated by Kazmi in J. Arnold Arbor. 52: 348. 1971 as „type“):—[Kulu, Jalauri Pass, India Pangee, alt. 12,000 ft.,], Edgeworth 6052 (erroneously given as Edgeworth s.n. in Kazmi 1971 (K-000942360!). Syntype:—[Pangee, India], 12000 ft., Dr. Watt s.n. (K-000942362!).</p><p>Plants perennial herbs, up to 1 m tall. Stems single or several, branched from middle or below. Sparsely and slightly spreading pubescent, hair 0.4–1 mm long, without multicellular base, orientation towards base. Leaves 5–20 cm × 3–8 cm, ovoid-oblong to ovoid with acute apex. Basal long petiolate, sparsely appressed pubescent. Upper sessile and smaller, sparsely appressed pubescent. Hair short to long, soft, with multi-cellular base; adaxial hair 0.3–1 mm long, on veins without hair; abaxial hair 0.2–0.3 mm long, on veins denser and spreading; orientation to apex; big leaves strongly with multi-cellular hair base. Inflorescences ebracteate. Pedicel 2–3 mm long, slightly elongated in fruit. Calyx 2.5–3.5 mm wide, densely pilose outside; lobes ovate to oblong, apex acute. Corolla infundibuliform, blue to dark blue or purple, 7–10 mm long; base 5–7 mm wide; 8–12 mm across; lobes rounded to oblong, ca. 2.5 mm wide; faucal scales at mouth of tube, rectangular to obscurely two-lobed, ca. 1 mm × 1 mm. Anthers oblong, ca. 1.3–1.5 mm long. Style ca. 2.5–2.7 mm long. Nutlets ovoid, 3–4 mm × 2–3 mm, abaxially planar; irregularly glochidiate, abaxially and in the centre less densely glochidiate; glochidia 0.2–2 mm long, with multiple retrorse barbs; marginal glochidia erect, with widenend bases, central glochidia shorter.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat Widespread from Bhutan to Pakistan, but restricted to the higher elevations of the Himalayas. Growing in open, grassy slopes, but also in Abies forest, elev. 2100–3750 m.</p><p>Note: —The large flowers, fruits and leaves and the peculiar erect marginal wing on the nutlets make this species easy to identify. There is considerable diversity with regards to indument density, with some specimens very densely pubescent and others subglabrous. This no doubt reflects habitat conditions, with the more pubescent specimens from drier, open sites. Comparing the types and extant specimens of the three species C. nervosum, C. microglochin and C. grandiflorum we were unable to find any distinguishing characters, apart from the fragmentary nature of the type of C. microglochin . There appears to be just a single, not even very variable large-fruited and large-flowered species of Cynoglossum in the entire region of Bhutan to Pakistan.</p><p>Representative specimens:— BHUTAN. Thimphu District: Thimphu, below Barshong, 3500 m, 27°43 N, 89°36 E, 04.10.1984, I.W.J. Sinclair &amp; D.G. Long 5556 (E).</p><p>INDIA. Himachal Pradesh: NW India, [Himachal Pradesh], Kalalop, 8000 ft, 16.08.1895, J. H. Lace 789 (E); [?] Dalhousie, 7000 ft, 23.09.1874, anon. 22980 (BM); Simla, 1956, John W. Chiddell 110 (BM) ; Chota Dara, 3750 m, 21.08.1988, R. McBeath 2185 (E) ; Kasauli, 2000 m, aut. 1885, Ram Baksh 2528 (E) ; Lahul, Sissu, 10300 ft, 08.07.1941, N. L. Bor. 11908 (E) ; Jammu and Kashmir: Kashmir, Srinagar, Pahalgam, 7500 ft, 01.07.1978, C. R. Lancaster 74 (BM) ; [India], Kashmir, above Gulmarg, Khillanmarg, 09.07.1978, C. R. Lancaster 3 (BM) ; [India], Kashmir, Khillanmarg, 10800 ft, 13.08.1956, O. Polunin 56/248 (E) ; Punjab: Punjab, 7000 ft, aug 1879, J. R. Drummond 1335 (E) ; Kashmir, Pir Punjab, 7000 ft, 28.06.1902, J. R. Drummond 14021 (E) .</p><p>NEPAL. Central: Bagmati Zone: Rasuwa District: Gopte (3500 m, 3200 m), Thale Patil (3400 m), 26.08.1972, H. Kanai et al. 721901 (BM) ; West: Lumbini Zone: Kapilvastu District: Budhi Village, 18.07.[?]1886, J. F. Duthie 5803 (BM) : Mid-West: Karnali Zone: Jumla Valley, 2316m, 10.10. 1975, T. B. Shrestha &amp; N. P. Manandhar 04 (KATH) .</p><p>PAKISTAN. Azad Kashmir: Tilpatra Forest, Rampur, Jhelum Valley, 9500 ft, 06.07.1940, F. Ludlow &amp; G. Sherriff 7741 (BM, E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915CD03DFF96A709FF27F85AFE7EFD2F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	König, Julia;Siwakoti, Mohan;Hilger, Hartmut H.;Weigend, Maximilian	König, Julia, Siwakoti, Mohan, Hilger, Hartmut H., Weigend, Maximilian (2015): A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species. Phytotaxa 224 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1
915CD03DFF88A702FF27FCF6FBFDFB6F.text	915CD03DFF88A702FF27FCF6FBFDFB6F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cynoglossum wallichii G. Don, Gen. Hist.	<div><p>5. Cynoglossum wallichii G.Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 354. 1838. Figs. 2 E, F; 4 E, F; 6; 7 F–J, 8, 14.</p><p>Lectotype (designated by Kazmi 1971: 345):—[Nepal], no locality, no date, N. Wallich, 923 (K-000942365!) . Isotypes:—[Nepal], N. Wallich 923 (BM-000603178!, BM-001014433!, A-00092800!)</p><p>= Cynoglossum denticulatum A.DC. in Candolle (1846: 150). Lectotype (here designated):—[India], Sept. 1834, Simla, M.P. Edgeworth 390 (GDC-G-00205522!). Syntypes:—Oct. [18]38, Jung nath, M.P. Edgeworth 391 (GDC-G-00205523!), Muhano, Sept. 1834, M.P. Edgeworth 392 (GDC-G-00205521!).—synonymised by Brand (1921).</p><p>= Cynoglossum denticulatum var. ramosius A. de Candolle (1846: 150) . Holotype:—[India], Aug. [18]38, Musoon, M.P. Edgeworth 390 (G-DC-G00205540!).</p><p>= Cynoglossum glochidiatum Wall. ex Benth. in Royle (1836: 306) ≡ Cynoglossum wallichii var. glochidiatum (Wallich ex Bentham) Kazmi (1971: 347) . Lectotype (here designated):—[India, West Bengal], „valde affine C. canescenti, Tundua“ [Pundua], F. Del. [F. De Silva], no date, N. Wallich 922 (K-000942368!). Syntypes:—[India, West Bengal], [Pundua], „Tundua“, Wallich 1829, N. Wallich 922 (K-000942367!); [India, West Bengal], Pundua, communicavit Dr. Nath. Wallich 1839; Valde affine C. canescenti, no date, [F. De Silva], N. Wallich 922 (M-0174199!, GZU-000106063!, GDC-G00205527, GDC-G00205528), [India, West Bengal], Pundua, no date, N. Wallich 922 (A-00096677!).—synonymised by Brand (1921) .</p><p>= Cynoglossum membranaceum A. DC. in Candolle (1846: 150). Holotype:—[India], Manal, October, M.P. Edgeworth 394 (G-DCG00205525!).</p><p>Annual or biennial herb, 20–60 cm tall. Stems single or several, branched from base or only above; often diffusely spreading. Densely spreading-pubescent, trichomes 1–2 mm long. Leaves oblong to ovate with rounded to acute apex. Basal leaves petiolate, 1.5–5(–12) cm × 0.4–2.5 cm, moderately to densely spreading-pubescent. Upper leaves sessile and smaller, moderately to densely spreading pubescent. Trichomes with multi-cellular base; adaxial 0.5–2 mm long, veins subglabrous; abaxial 0.5–1.5 mm long, on veins denser, longer and spreading; acroscopic. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, forked, to 20 cm in fruit, becoming raceme-like, many-flowered at anthesis, ebracteate. Pedicel ca. 5 mm long in fruit, recurved. Calyx 1–2.5 mm long, densely and antrorsely appressed pilose; lobes erect, ovate to oblong, ca. 2–3 mm × 0.5 mm, slightly enlarged in fruit, margin ciliate. Corolla infundibuliform, blue to dark blue or purple, 3–5 mm long; base 3–4 mm wide; limb 2.5–6 mm across; lobes orbicular, ca. 2.5 wide; veins distinctly reticulate; faucal scales at mouth of tube, rectangular to obscurely two-lobed, ca. 1 mm × 1 mm.Anthers oblong, ca. 0.5–1 mm long. Style ca. 0.5–2 mm long. Nutlets ovoid, 2–3 mm × 1.5–2 mm, abaxially planar to concave; irregularly glochidiate on the face, sometimes only a single central line of glochidia; glochidia 0.2–0.5 mm long, with multiple retrorse barbs and tubercles; marginal glochidia with widenend bases, half spreading, usually confluent and forming a wing.</p><p>Distribution and Habitat: A very widespread species, here reported from Afghanistan, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Turkey. It is found in forests, fields, and open meadows, but most often on disturbed sites such as river and road banks, along irrigation ditches and in fallow fields at an elevation of 3050–4420 m. The species has been brought into cultivation in Europe [e.g., France: Gironde, Bordeaux, cultivé au Jardin Botanique, 20.06.1923, A. Bouchon 4515 (P, P, P)] and has apparently escaped occasionally [Germany: Westfalen, Siegen, in Gärten bei Seelbach, 22.08.1882, C. Baenitz s.n. (P).]</p><p>Note: —The species is extremely variable in vegetative morphology and is found in both compact forms with very narrow leaves in alpine grasslands and in lax forms, with much wider leaves in more shaded situations. The flat nutlets, typically with a spreading ring of confluent glochid bases and with a single median row or group of glochidia are, however, highly characteristical. The plant behaves as an annual or biennial species and quickly degenerates after flowering.</p><p>Representative specimens:— AFGHANISTAN. Badakhshan Province: Wakhan, zwischen Kharach, Sargaz. 36.95° / 73.9°, 2. August 1971, O. Anders 7961 (KUFS-013333) ; Wakhan, Baba Tangi (72/56-36/57), 36.95° / 72.93°, 05. July 1971, O. Anders 7096 (KUFS-005303) ; Barak (70/54-37/00), 37° / 70.9°, 01 July 1971, O. Anders 6918 (KUFS-005302) ; Bamyan Province: Bamian, 5 km suedlich von Panjao, 34.37° / 67.03°, 27. July 1970, D. Podlech 18866 (KUFS-005310) ; Paktia Province: 15 km NW Alikhel ( Paktia), 1969-06-24, S. W. Breckle A-2176 (KUFS-005046) ; Kabul Province: Paghman valley near Kabul, 34 36 N, 68 565 E, 2300−2800 m, 21.06.1962, K. H. Rechinger 17140 (AAU) ; Kabul, 15. July 1950, J. H. F. Neubauer 1738 (KUFS-005306) ; Kabul, 29. July 1951, M. Seddique s.n. (KUFS-018385) ; Kabul, 31. August 1939, Kabul, Motte 324 (KUFS-018386) ; Kabul, Paghman, 2600 m, 21.06.1962, Ian Hedge &amp; Per Wendelbo 4381 (GB) ; Kapisa Province: NW Kayli (69/37-35/06), N 34.6 °, E 68.93 °, 23. July 1973, D. Podlech 10785 (KUFS-005309); Kunar Province: Darya-e Katigal Tal bei Gawhardesh Koleh, 25.08.1970, 35.35°/71.53°, O. Anders 5191 (KUFS-009412) ; Sulaimanshah Darrah, 05 July 1973, O. Anders 10619 (KUFS-013336) ; Bashgaltal, Bargemtal Ostseite, 23. Augsut 1969, S. W. Breckle A-2924 (KUFS-005305) ; Darya-e Katigal Tal bei Gawhardesh Kholeh, 35.35°/71.53°, 25. July 1970, O. Anders 5191 (KUFS-013329) ; Suleimanshah Darrah, 34.87°/70.72°, 06. July 1973, O. Anders 10649 (KUFS-013327) ; Laghman Province: Alishang Tal, Dawlatshah, 34.93°/70.07°, 01 May 1970, O. Anders 3302 (KUFS-013337) ; Maidan Wardak Province: Maidan, Maidan-Tal bei Zaywalayat, 34.45°/68.77°, 26. July 1970, D. Podlech 18690 (KUFS-005058) ; Nangarhar Province: N-Hänge des Safed Koh S Oghz, 34.05°/70.47°, 16. June 1973, O. Anders 10313 (KUFS-013334) ; Nuristan Province: Bargematal, Kies Wegrand, 12 August 1967, S. W. Breckle A-749 (KUFS-005059) ; Parwan Province: NW Kayli, 35.1°/69.62°, 23. July 1973, O. Anders 10774 (KUFS-013330) ; Khenjan Tal, unterhlb der oberen Kehren, 35.4°/69°, 12. August 1973, O. Anders 10980 (KUFS-013328) ; Parwan Province: [Salang District] Salang, 2200 m, 1.07.1965, K. H. Rechinger 31635 (AAU) ; Takhar Province: Farkhar, Flussufer (69/32-36/35), N 36.58 °/ E 69.53 °, 14. Mai 1977, D. Podlech. &amp; Kh. Yarmal 30215 (KUFS-005311) .</p><p>BHUTAN. Bhutan, Chukha Zeinpu, 4500 ft, 04.07.1914, R. E. Cooper 1172 (E) ; Bhutan, Banrang, Tsampa, 13700 ft, 07.06.1966, S. Bomes 3352 (BM) ; Ghagra road, Rangamati, 27.06.[?]1997, M. K. Huda et al. 1143 (E) ; Paro District: Bhutan, [Paro District], Sakden [Sakenang], 06.07.1934, F. Ludlow &amp; G. Sherriff 596 (BM) ; Thimphu District: Bhutan, [Thimphu District], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=89.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 89.583336/lat 27.483334)">Pajonding</a>, above Thimphu, 3500 m, 27°29 N, 89°35 E, 19.07.1979, A. J. C. Grierson &amp; D. G. Long 2761 (E) ; Bhutan [Thimphu District], Dotena, Thimphu Cha, 10000 ft, 28.05.1949, F. Ludlow et al. 16380 (BM, E, GH) ; Trashigang District: Bhutan, [Trashigang District], Shingbe, 12000 ft, 14.06.1949, F. Ludlow et al. 20729 (BM, E, GH) .</p><p>CHINA. Qinghai, Valley South of Baima along <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.7875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.893612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.7875/lat 32.893612)">Makehe River</a>, 3385 m, 32°53‘37 N, 100°47‘15 E, 08.07.2000, SQAE 731 (GB) ; Shaanxi: Shensi méridionale, Mar. 1873, A. Franchet s.n. (P) ; Sichuan: Thibet oriental, Ta-Tsien-lou, no date, R. P. Mussot 284 (P) ; Se-tchuen, Batang to Litang, M. Bonvalot &amp; H. D´Orleans s.n. (P) ; Litang, 4040 m, Jul. 1999, A. Boesi &amp; F. Cardi S32 (P) ; [Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture] Province of Batang, Yar-gong, Aug− Sept. 1904, Soulié 5171 (P, P) ; Province of Batang, Yar-gong, Aug. 1904, Soulié 5164 (P) Province of Batang, Tongolo, Jul.1894, Soulié 2820 (P, P) ; Province of Batang, Kia-La, Tongolo, 13.07.1893, Soulié 2820 (P, P) ; Province of Batang, Kia-La, Tongolo, Ta-tsien-lou, 13.07.1893, Soulié s.n. (P) ; Tongolo, 22.07.1894, R. P. Soulié 2321 (P) ; Kiala, Tongolo, anno 1893, J. A. Soulié 661 (P) ; TIBETAN AUTONOMOUS REGION. Chumbi, 09.07.1913, R. E. Cooper 224 (E) ; Xizang Province: Thibet oriental, Tsekou, 20.09.1895, R. P. Soulié 1056 (P, P) ; Thibet oriental, Tsekou, no date, Montbeig s.n. (P) ; Thibet oriental, Ta-Tsien-lou, anno 1893, J.- A. Soulié 861 (P, P) ; Baxoi Xian, WNW of Rawu (Raog) along Palongzang Bu, 29° 28´55´´, E 96 ° 38 59´´, 3490 m, 28.07.2000, D. E. Boufford et al. 29752 (BONN, GH) ; Yunnan: Yun-nan, Yan-tse-hay, 18.07.1887, Delavay 3104 (P, P, P) ; Yan-tse-hay, 08.08.1888, Delavay 3387 (P, P, P, GH) ; Yun-nan, 3200 m, 19.07.1887, Delavay 3108 (P, P, P) ; Yun-nan, no date, Delavay s.n. (P, P, P) ; Yangze watershed, Likiang district, eastern slopes of Likiang Snow Range, 9500 ft, May− Oct. 1922, J. F. Rock 8481 (P) ; Piestchouan, 03.08.1909, F. Ducloux 6647 (P) ; Tong-tchouan, 2990 m, no date, R.- P. Maire s.n. (P) ; Mo-lo-yn, 28.05.1887, Delavay 3033 (P, P, P) ; [Lankung] Lan Kong, Mo-lo-yn, 16.05.1884, Delavay 1061 (GH, P, P, P) .</p><p>INDIA. [India], Mount Khasia, 4–6000 ft, no date, J. D. Hooker &amp; T. Thomson s.n. (BM, P-04082307 pro parte) ; Himachal Pradesh: Punjab, Koksin, Lahoul [Lahul], 10000 ft, 07.08. [?]1916, R. E. Cooper &amp; A. K. Bulley 5277 (E) ; Lahul, Kyelang, 10000 ft, 07.06.1941, N. L. Bor 14706 (E) ; Kyelang, Lahul, 10 200 ft., 13−21 Jul 1930, Koeltz 360 (P) ; Himachal Pradesh, Manali, 2000 m, 08.08.1988, R. McBeath 2051 (E) ; Jagu, Simla, 8000 ft, 08.08.1890, George Watt 7929 (E) ; Northern India, Bushahr, Simla, 29.07.1934, N. Parmanand 712 (E) ; Simla, 7000 ft, 30.07.1888, George Watt 8891 (E) ; Kilar Pangi, 8500 ft, 28.05.187[?], George Watt 2976 (E) ; Pangi Lahoul, 9000 ft, no date, George Watt 3132 (E) ; Pangi, 9000 ft, no date, George Watt s.n. (E) ; Simla, no date, Harmand s.n. (P) ; Kashmir: Kashmir, Kushuchun Lungmo Valley, 9500–10500 ft, 29.08.1939, R. Scott Russell 1778 (BM) ; Kashmir, Kero Lugma Glacier, 10–11000 ft, 26.07.1939, R. Scott Russell 1337 (BM) ; Punjab: Punjab, Tapri, Bushar, Simla, 11.07.1934, N. Parmanand 439 (E) ; Punjab, Kunawai, 1886, J. R. Drummond 22227 (E) ; Sikkim: Sikkim, Phune, Lachung Chhu, 3430 m, 13.07.1996, D. G. Long &amp; H. J. Noltie 143 (E) ; Sikkim, E. of Kapup, 12000 ft, 05.08.1913, R. E. Cooper 163 (E) ; Changu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=88.72806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.751389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 88.72806/lat 27.751389)">Sikkim</a>, 27°45´05 N, 88°43´41 E, 12000 ft, 01.07.1913, R. E. Cooper 102 (E) ; Changu, 12000 ft, 27.09.1913, R. E. Cooper 955 (BM). Sikkim, 9000−10000 ft, Hooker &amp; Thomson s.n. (P-03525288) ; Uttarakhand: Mussoorie, Jabberkhat, 7000 ft, anno 1915, A. Anderson 65 (E) ; Jaunsar, Athang, Deoban, 9000 ft, aug 1890, K. Nand 284 (E) ; [Kumaon Region] Kurim, Kumaon, 6200 ft., R. Strachey &amp; J. E. Winterbottom 2 (P) ; Garhwál, [Almorah] Rigoli-gudri, 11500 ft., R. Strachey &amp; J. E. Winterbottom 4 (P) ; [Kumaon Region] Lohar Lehkm, Kumaon, 16.06.1933, Biskam 2112 (E) ; West Bengal: Darjeeling District: Sandakpha, 3600 m, 01.08.192[?], H. Kanai et al. 724053 (BM).— India, not localized: Choorat, Royle 1835 (K) ; NW Himalaya, 6000−9000 ft., Hooker &amp; Thomson s.n. (P-04081960, P-04081963) ; NW Himalaya, 8000−10000 ft., Hooker &amp; Thomson s.n. (P-04083755, P-0352285, P-0352282, P-04082307 pro parte) ; [ Himalaya], no locality, no date, George Watt 8031 (E) ; [?India], Iyanboche, 13000 ft, 23.04.[?]1914, Dr. Banarji &amp; P. R. Shataya 5659 (BM) .</p><p>NEPAL. East: Mechi Zone: Taplejung District: [East Nepal, Mechi Zone, Taplejung District], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.98333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.98333/lat 27.5)">Simka Khola</a>, 27°30 N, 87°59 E, 9500 ft, 24.06.1969, L. H. J. Williams 901 (BM) ; Koshi Zone: Kalinchok area, 12000 ft., 12.10.1960, Banerji 1266 (A) ; Tale Bisauna, 2750 m, Tingoang 3100 m, 11.09.1972, H. Kanai et al. 724070 (BM) ; Sankhuwasabha District: Thudam, 3400 m, 22.06.1972, H. Kanai et al. 724073 (BM) ; Arun Valley, Kasuwa Knila, N. of Num, 10000 ft, 02.06.1996, J. D. Stainton 509 (BM, E) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=87.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 87.333336/lat 27.5)">Sangkhua Khola</a>, 27°30 N, 87°20 E, 10.06.1974, J.D. A. Stainton 7077 (BM) ; Bhainsi Kharka (2540 m), Danda Kharka ( Dhari Kharka, 2860 m), Knshisa Kharka (3150 m), Khongmu ( Kauma, 3500 ft), 15.07.1988, M. Suzuki et al. 8820461 (BM) ; Bhojpur District: East Nepal, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.583336/lat 27.55)">Solu Khola</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.583336/lat 27.55)">Tunbesi</a>, 11000 ft, 27°33 N, 86°35 E, 16.06.1964, J.D. A. Stainton 4634 (BM) ; Dhankuta District: Hile (1860 m), Pakhribas (1620 m), Gholi Kharka (1230 m), 1830 m, 23.07.1990, M. Minaki et al. 9080012 (E) ; Sagarmatha Zone: Solukhumbu District: [Solukhumbu District], Sagarmatha, Solu Khumbu, Thesiyo, 15.09.2005, M. F. Watson et al. DNEP3 BX73 (E, KATH) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.75/lat 27.5)">Dudh</a> Kosi, SE of Lukla, 11000 ft, 27°30 N, 86°45 E, 24.06.1964, D. McCosh 275 (BM) ; Central: Ghorapour, 1800 m, 14.05.[?]1914, J. F. Dombremez 3262 (BM) ; [Nepal], Tale Blasuna (2780 m), Tingoang (3100 m), 11.09.1970, H. Kanai et al. 724090 (BM) ; Nepal, Chalike Pahar, 13500 ft, 17.06.1954, Stainton et al. 3160 (BM, E) ; Lende Khola, 8000–9500 ft., 9.− 11.07.1949, O. Polunin 855 (BM) ; Sabze Khola, 12 500 ft, 28.06.1950, D. G. Lowndes 1082 (BM, E) ; near Gurjakhani, 10500 ft, 13.06.1954, Stainton et al. 3096 (BM, E) ; [?Maharajgunj Khola], Maharigan Khola, 13500 ft, 27.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 1642 (BM) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=84.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 84.5/lat 27.633333)">Tikoli</a>, 1000 ft, 27°38 N, 84°30 E, 13.03.1966, J.D. A. Stainton 5259 (BM) ; Central Nepal, Sim Chotala (960 m), Ramche (1800 m), Gram (1900 m), 20.08.1972, H. Kanai et al. 721663 (BM) ; Chalungpa, 14600 ft, 17.08.1977, G. Miehe 486 (BM) ; Bagmati Zone: Dobate, 3300 m, 09.08.1974, J. H. de Haas 2141 (BM) ; Langtang, 11500–12500 ft, 21.06.1949, O. Polunin 458 (BM) ; Rasuwa District: Pabil Kharka (3320 m), a pass (4420 m), a <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.11667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.11667/lat 28.25)">Kharka</a> (4170 m), 3320 m, 28°15 N, 85°07 E, 07.08.1994, F. Miyamoto et al. No. 9420198 (E, KATH) ; Rasuwa District: Kyangin Kharka area, 13000 ft, 16.07.1967, S. B. Malla 9158 (BM) ; Dhaibungkot, 5500 ft, 31.05.1949, O. Polunin 42 (BM) ; Base Camp (4900 m), Yala Kharka (4760 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.64722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.202778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.64722/lat 28.202778)">Yathang</a> (4040 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.64722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.202778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.64722/lat 28.202778)">Langtang Khola</a> (4000 m), 4000 m, 85°37´17 E, 28°13´09 N – 85°38´50 E, 28°12´10 N, 19.07.1992, F. Miyamoto 9220264 (E) ; Lama Lodge (2470 m), Chumna Lodge (2800 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.50889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.216389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.50889/lat 28.216389)">Ghora Tabela</a> (3000 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.50889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.216389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.50889/lat 28.216389)">Thangshab</a> (3200 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=85.50889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.216389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 85.50889/lat 28.216389)">Langtang</a> (3500 m), 85°25 E, 28°09´40 N – 85°30´32 E, 28°12´59 N, 12.07.1992, H. Takayama et al. 9220111 (E) ; Janakpur Zone: Dolkha District: Lamjure Pavida, 10000 ft, 05.04. [?]1923, Dr. Banarji &amp; P. R. Shataya 5517 (BM) ; Ramechhap District: Koshing Kharka (4000 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.46667/lat 27.75)">Thare</a> og (4150 m), 86°26 E, 27°44 N – 86°28 E, 27°45 N, 22.07.1985, H. Ohba et al. 8580420 (BM, KATH) ; Neju (3651 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.683332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.46667/lat 27.683332)">Choarma</a> (2760 m), 86°31 E, 27°44 N – 86°28 E, 27°41 N, 02.08.1985, H. Ohba et al. 8571113 (BM) ; Bhandar (2300 m), Kinja (1650 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.433334/lat 27.566668)">Sheptom</a> (2050 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.433334/lat 27.566668)">Nemar</a> (2400 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=86.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 86.433334/lat 27.566668)">Sete</a> (2550 m), 86°20 E, 27°34 N – 86°26 E, 27°34 N, 18.08.1985, H. Ohba et al. 8571732 (BM) ; West: Kali Gandaki, 4000 ft, 25.07.1953, J. B. Tyson 119 (BM) ; Kali Gandaki, Tatopani (1360 m), Dana (1550 m), Titre (1600 m), Ghasa (2100 m), 16.07.1983, H. Ohba et al. 8350458 (BM, E, KATH) ; Gandaki Zone: Gorkha District: Bhumlichok, 2500 ft, 10.08.1935, F. M. Baileys collectors s.n. (BM) ; Shiar Khola Chumje, 10500 ft, 26.06.1953, P. C. Gardner 858 (BM, E) ; Kaski District: Poyora [Pokhara], 9500 Ft, 28.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 355 (BM, E) ; Pokhara, 3500 ft, 24.07.1954, Stainton et al. 6483 (BM, E) ; Lamjung District: Rambrong, Lamjung Himal, 11500 ft, 29.06.1954, Stainton et al. 5997 (BM, E) ; Lamjung, S. of Tukucha, Kali Gadaki, 10000 ft, 23.07.1954, Stainton et al. 1963 (BM) ; Lumbini Zone: Kumse, 900 m, 11.05.1973, S. Einarsson et al. 11 (BM) ; Dhaulagiri Zone: Jargeng Khola, 13500 ft, 07.07.1950, D. G. Lowndes 1148 (BM, E) ; Ritum [Rithum] Khola, 4000 ft, 06.05.1954, Stainton et al. 2735 (BM, E) ; Mustang Disrict: Kalopani (2530 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.583336/lat 29.666666)">Dhampus</a> (2480 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.583336/lat 29.666666)">Kokethanti</a> (2500 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.583336/lat 29.666666)">Larjung</a> (2520m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.583336/lat 29.666666)">Khanti</a> (2540 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.583336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.583336/lat 29.666666)">Tukuche</a> (2590 m), 83°35 E, 29°35 N – 83°35 E, 29°40 N, 29.08.1988, M. Suzuki et al. 8881542 (E) ; Jomsom (2720), Ekle Bhatti (2780), Khingar (3310 m), Jharkot (3450 m), 3300 m, 28°47´09–49´38 N, 83°42´50–5107 E, 22.09.1995, M. Mikage et al. 9552387 (E) ; 2490 m, 28°45 N, 83°41 E – 28°39 N, 83°37 E, 05.08.1996, T. Hoshino et al. 9666169 (E); Jomsom (2680 m), Eklebhatti (2720m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.784996&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.836668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.784996/lat 28.836668)">Kagbeni</a> (2770m), 2750 m, 28°46´54 N, 83°51´02 E – 28°50´12 N, 83°47´06 E, 02.08.2001, S. Noshiro et al. 20104088 (E) ; Mustang district, Zhaite (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.81306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.979168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.81306/lat 28.979168)">Chaite</a>) to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=83.81306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.979168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 83.81306/lat 28.979168)">Bhena</a>, 3730 m, 29°01´39 N, 83°51´02 E – 28°58´45 N, 83°48´47 E, 17.08.2001, S. Noshiro 20104240 (E) ; 3580 m, 29°03´40 N, 83°52´15,6 E, 17.08.2002, F. Miyamoto et al. 20210115 (E); Myagdi District: Tudam, 11300 ft, 20.07.1971, L. W. Beer et al. 9412 (BM) ; Annapurna Himal, Seti Khola, 12500 ft, 10.07.1954, Stainton et al. 6543 (BM, E) ; Hook Shinta, 13000 ft, 1930, Lall Dhwoj 128 (BM, E) ; Dana, 4500 ft, 04.04.[?]2012, T. B. Shrestha &amp; M. S. Bista 1856 (BM) ; Dana, 8500 ft, 29.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 373 (BM) ; Mid-West: Karnali Zone: Dolpa District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.916664&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.916666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.916664/lat 28.916666)">Dunai</a>, 2100 m, 28°55 N, 82°55 E, 26.04.1974, J. F. Dombremez 2756 (BM, E) ; Camp Site (3700m), Thalagaon (2820 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.833336/lat 28.833334)">Jangra Khora</a> (2170 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.833336/lat 28.833334)">Quadrat</a> (2180m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.833336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.833336/lat 28.833334)">Dunai</a> (2090 m), 3015 m, 82°50 E, 28°50 N, 14.10.1991, M. Minaki et al. 9105152 (E) ; Tarakot, 3800 m, 21.06.1973, S. Einarsson et al. 1001 (BM) ; Tarakot, 2700 m, 21.06.1973, S. Einarsson et al. 996 (BM) ; Tarakot, 2700 m, 12.06.1973, S. Einarsson et al. 566 (BM) ; Jumla District: Bhurchula Lakh, near Jumla, 12500 ft, 12.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 4597 (E) ; Jumla, 7600 ft, 01.07.1952, O. Polunin et al. 4397 (BM, E) ; Mugu District: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.120834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.508333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.120834/lat 29.508333)">Jhyari</a>, 2550 m, 29°30´30 N, 82°7´15 E, 08.06.2008, C. A. Pendry et al. JRS A93 (E, KATH) ; Rapti Zone: Dang District: Balle, NW of Bijauri, 5000 ft, 26.03.1952, O. Polunin et al. 3684 (BM) ; Rukum District: Maikot, 8000 ft, 27.06.1954, Stainton et al. 3278 (BM, E) ; Bheri Zone: Surkhet District: Surkhet (680 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.62334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.634167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.62334/lat 28.634167)">Katukuwa</a> (1380 m), 81°37´08 E, 28°35´30 N – 81°37´24 E, 28°38´03 N, 29.07.1991, M. Suzuki et al. 9160021 (E) ; Katukuwa (1380 m), Sidhapaila (1970 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.63306&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.690556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.63306/lat 28.690556)">Ranimatta</a> (2170 m), 81°37´24 E, 28°38´03 N – 81°37´59 E, 28°41´26 N, 30.07.1991, M. Suzuki et al. 9160070 (E) ; Far West: Seti Zone: Kando, 9000 ft, 16.07.1953, J. B. Tyson 103 (BM) ; Kando, 9000 ft, 16.07.1953, J. B. Tyson 103 (BM) ; Bajhang District: Khaptad National Park, Trail from Ghoda daune to Lokhada, 2448 m, 29°24´56 N, 81°08’´34 E, 03.07.2009, H. Ikeda et al. 20913051 (E) .</p><p>PAKISTAN. Gilgit-Baltistan: [Astore District], Rama Valley, SW of Astor [Astore] 10 500 ft., N 35 °20, E 75 °50, Aug. [19]62, T. E. Lankester &amp; T. A. S. Pearson 1391 (BM) ; Naltar Valley, 2870 m, 08.10.1983, B. Aldén et al. 6484 (GB) ; Federally Administered Tribal Areas [formerly Peshawar Division of North-West Frontier Province]: [ Kurram Valley] vallée de Kuram, 22.06.1880, J. E T. Aitchison 175 (P) ; Chitral, N 35 °51´, E 71 °46´, 4800 m, 15.05.1958, S. A. Bolwles Lyon 637 (E) ; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Chitral, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=73.083336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 73.083336/lat 36.8)">Yarkhun</a>, 8000 ft, 36°30 N, 72°40 E – 36°48 N, 73°05 E, 15.06.1958, S. A. Bowes Lyon 916 (E, E) ; [Mansehra District] Neor, lake Lolahsar, Kagan valley, 13000 ft, 83°70 N, 73°80 E, 15.08.1975, C. Wright 59 (BM) ; North Waziristan Agency: Razmak, 4000–8500 ft, Aug. 1932, D. C. Lowndes 6 (E) .</p><p>Cultivated material: received from Chiltern seeds, cultivated at the greenhouse at the Institut für Biologie—Freie Universität Berlin, plants 5 months old, specimens prepared 10.03.2009, M. Weigend 9169 (B, M).</p><p>Unidentified localities: V. Jacquemont 1022 (P); V. Jacquemont 769 (P, P).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/915CD03DFF88A702FF27FCF6FBFDFB6F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	König, Julia;Siwakoti, Mohan;Hilger, Hartmut H.;Weigend, Maximilian	König, Julia, Siwakoti, Mohan, Hilger, Hartmut H., Weigend, Maximilian (2015): A revision of the genus Cynoglossum L. (Boraginaceae Juss.) in Nepal and notes on the widespread Asian species. Phytotaxa 224 (1): 1-28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.224.1.1
