taxonID	type	description	language	source
90187E0CFFB8FFC6FF26F875E357FEDF.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Common; terrestrial, rarely on rocks, in humid forests; to 1950 m. Notes: — Petioles stramineous to pale reddish brown, abaxially usually angular to sulcate, rarely rounded; blades 1 - to 2 - pinnate; rachises abaxially rounded near the basal pinnae and apically angular (but without pale wings); pinnules 3 – 3 ½ times as long as wide; distal segments gradually reduced; indusia entire to slightly erose, ca. 0.2 mm wide.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
90187E0CFFBBFFC6FF26FEF0E71FFD77.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Fairly common; terrestrial in humid forests, on nutrient-poor soils (Lehtonen & Tuomisto 2007); to 950 m. Notes: — Differs from Lindsaea portoricensis by more continuous rachis wings, narrower indusia, and more spreading pinnae. Petioles castaneous to nearly black, abaxially rounded; blades 2 - pinnate; primary rachises adaxially and secondary rachises on both sides with continuous, pale, lateral wings; pinnules obtuse, ca. 2 ½ times as long as broad, apically crenate; distal segments usually large, triangular, free or almost free; indusia entire to subentire, 0.1 – 0.15 mm wide.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
90187E0CFFBBFFC6FF26FD18E5CCFC0F.taxon	description	Range: — Panama to the Guianas, northern Brazil, and Bolivia (CO, LP). Rojas-Alvarado & Tejero-Díez (2017) questioned the occurrence of this species in Panama.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
90187E0CFFBBFFC6FF26FD18E5CCFC0F.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Rare; terrestrial, sometimes on rotting logs, in humid forests; to 850 m, to 1500 m elsewhere. Notes: — Often treated as a variety of Lindsaea lancea (e. g., by Kramer 1957), but more recent studies (Tuomisto 1998, Lehtonen et al. 2010) suggest this entity warrants species status. Lindsaea falcata differs from L. lancea var. lancea by having 1 - pinnate blades with pinnae to 45 × 20 mm (vs. to 37 × 14 mm), to 3 times as long as wide, and distal segments little or not reduced, strongly asymmetric (vs. roughly symmetric).	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
90187E0CFFBBFFC6FF26FB80E53EFA5F.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Rare; terrestrial, in humid forests, often near streams (Drucker et al. 2008); at 150 m in Bolivia, to 1250 m elsewhere. Notes: — The single Bolivian specimen can be assigned to subsp. guianensis. Lindsaea guianensis subsp. lanceastrum K. U. Kramer, from central and eastern Brazil, and Paraguay, may occur in eastern Bolivia. It has pinnae acute to shortly acuminate (vs. long-acuminate); distalmost pinnules ca. 5 mm long (vs. 1 – 2 mm); axes usually reddish to dark brown (vs. usually pale); and blades pinnate or bipinnate (vs. usually bipinnate). Perhaps best treated as a distinct species. Petioles stramineous to basally castaneous, abaxially rounded; blades (1 –) 2 - pinnate; rachises rounded to angular (but without pale wings); pinnules 1 ½ – 2 times as long as broad; distal segments gradually reduced; indusia (entire to) minutely erose-denticulate, 0.15 – 0.2 mm wide.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
90187E0CFFBBFFC7FF26FA70E743FEFB.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Common; terrestrial in humid forests, where it mainly occurs in upland forests, unlike L. falcata, which is more common near streams (Drucker et al. 2008); mostly below 1000 m, but to 1500 m. The Bolivian Chacobó Indians use a frond decoction to bathe hyper-active children. Notes: — The Bolivian specimens are assigned to var. lancea. Petioles stramineous to nearly black, abaxially angled to winged; blades (1 –) 2 - pinnate; rachises abaxially rounded or often with pale ridges or wings; pinnules 2 – 2 ½ times as long as broad; distal segments slightly reduced, not or only slightly connected to the adjacent segments; indusia entire, 0.2 – 0.3 mm wide. Lindsaea portoricensis Desv., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5. 326. 1811. Range: — Greater Antilles; southern Mexico to Bolivia (BE, CO, LP, SC), Paraguay, and southern Brazil. Ecology: — Uncommon; terrestrial in humid forests and scrub, especially on sandy soil; to 900 m in Bolivia, to 1300 m elsewhere. Notes: — Petioles brownish red to dark brown, abaxially rounded; blades 1 - to 2 - pinnate; rachises abaxially with irregularly interrupted pale, lateral wings; pinnules ca. 2 times longer than broad, the veins usually evident at least abaxially; distal segments gradually reduced; indusia strongly erose, ca. 0.3 mm wide. Lindsaea portoricensis has been subsumed under L. stricta by some (e. g., Moran 1995, in Mesoamerica), but maintained as distinct by most workers (e. g., Kramer 1957).	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
90187E0CFFBAFFC7FF26FE8CE570FD2F.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Local and uncommon; terrestrial in humid forests; to 700 m in Bolivia, to 1500 m elsewhere. Notes: — Differs from L. arcuata by having less elongate pinnules and darker axes, and from L. portoricensis by shorter-stalked pinnae, continuous pale margins on the abaxial sides of the secondary rachises, abaxially mostly angular petioles, and narrower, entire indusia. Four subspecies have been recognized, but it is unclear to which one the Bolivian specimens belong. Lindsaea pallida Klotzsch, from Venezuela to central Brazil, may occur in eastern Bolivia. It differs from L. quadrangularis by its pale axes and more strongly erose indusia.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
90187E0CFFBAFFC7FF26FCA0E5B1FBC7.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Locally common; terrestrial among rocks, on sandstone, in wet sand, and on exposed ridges, in humid forest regions, accidentally as an epiphyte (Obermuller et al. 2014); to 2400 m. Notes: — The Bolivian specimens can be assigned to var. stricta; two other varieties occur in northern South America. Differs from Lindsaea portoricensis by broader indusia (0.3 – 0.5 mm vs. ca. 0.3 mm wide). Petioles stramineous to pale reddish brown, abaxially rounded; blades 1 - to 2 - (rarely 3 -) pinnate; rachises abaxially rounded to angular (but without pale wings); pinnules coriaceous with hidden veins, roundish to 1.5 times longer than wide; distal segments gradually reduced; indusia strongly erose, 0.3 – 0.5 mm wide.	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
90187E0CFFBAFFC7FF26FBC8E43DFA5F.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology: — Locally fairly common; terrestrial in humid forests, to 700 m. Notes: — All other Bolivian species of the genus have entirely dimidiate pinnae. Petioles stramineous to pale brown, sometimes darker at the bases, adaxially rounded to obtusely angular; blades 2 - pinnate; pinnules with definite central midveins in the distal halves; sori on both sides of the pinnae. A juvenile specimen from CO (Weigelt 90085, AAU, GOET) may represent Lindsaea phassa K. U. Kramer (H. Tuomisto, pers. comm.), an Amazonian species that differs from L. taeniata by having broader, less elongate pinnules that are less falcate (Kramer 1991).	en	Smith, Alan R., Kessler, Michael (2017): Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXV. Lindsaeaceae. Phytotaxa 332 (3): 290-294, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.332.3.6
