taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
9750C307FF9C4C34FEA7F694FE08F9D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690967	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF9C4C34FEA7F694FE08F9D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690973	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF9C4C34FEA7F694FE08F9D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690979	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF844C37FEFEF510FD3CF9FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690967	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF844C37FEFEF510FD3CF9FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690973	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF844C37FEFEF510FD3CF9FA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690979	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF874C31FEA7F5FCFE70FE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690963	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF874C31FEA7F5FCFE70FE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690967	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF874C31FEA7F5FCFE70FE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690973	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF874C31FEA7F5FCFE70FE70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690979	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF814C30FEB7F12CFBFDFC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690963	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF814C30FEB7F12CFBFDFC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690967	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF814C30FEB7F12CFBFDFC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690973	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF814C30FEB7F12CFBFDFC18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690979	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF804C33FC6FF756FC33F894.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690963	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF804C33FC6FF756FC33F894.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690967	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF804C33FC6FF756FC33F894.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690973/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690973	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 9. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4539). C, first precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, precaudal vertebra of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225) close to the pelvis. E, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 228). F, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C–F; left lateral for B), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF824C3DFE8AF3ADFD1DFA1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690963	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF824C3DFE8AF3ADFD1DFA1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690967	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF824C3DFE8AF3ADFD1DFA1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690975/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690975	Figure 10. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). B–D, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396): B, one of the first trunk vertebrae; C, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis; and D, sacral vertebra. E, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for B, D; left lateral for A, C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 10. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). B–D, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396): B, one of the first trunk vertebrae; C, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis; and D, sacral vertebra. E, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for B, D; left lateral for A, C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF824C3DFE8AF3ADFD1DFA1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690979	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8D4C3FFEA9F561FED5F999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690963/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690963	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 4. Otic–occipitum complexes of European urodeles (Plethodontidae, Salamandrininae and Salmandrinae). A, left complex of Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). B, left complex of Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). C, right complex of Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099; ventral view of the left complex because the right one is anomalous; see main text). D, right complex of Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). E, left complex of Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 227). From left to right: dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, medial and lateral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8D4C3FFEA9F561FED5F999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690967/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690967	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 6. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225), most probably not completely ossified (see the Material section). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Chioglossa lusitanica (MNCN 16099). F, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A–C, E, F; left lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8D4C3FFEA9F561FED5F999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690975/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690975	Figure 10. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). B–D, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396): B, one of the first trunk vertebrae; C, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis; and D, sacral vertebra. E, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for B, D; left lateral for A, C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 10. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). B–D, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396): B, one of the first trunk vertebrae; C, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis; and D, sacral vertebra. E, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for B, D; left lateral for A, C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8D4C3FFEA9F561FED5F999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690979/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690979	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 12. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Salamandrella keyserlingii (BSPGM 5451). B, Proteus anguinus (BSPGM 4538). C, Speleomantes strinatii (MDHC 225). D, Salamandrina perspicillata (MDHC 407). E, Mertensiella caucasica (BSPGM 2730). F, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 234). G, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, B, D–F; left lateral for C, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8F4C39FC71F089FD0BFC5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690965	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8F4C39FC71F089FD0BFC5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690969/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690969	Figure 7. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 407). D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 7. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 407). D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8F4C39FC71F089FD0BFC5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690975/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690975	Figure 10. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). B–D, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396): B, one of the first trunk vertebrae; C, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis; and D, sacral vertebra. E, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for B, D; left lateral for A, C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 10. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Mertensiella caucasica (MNCN 23821). B–D, Salamandra salamandra (MDHC 396): B, one of the first trunk vertebrae; C, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis; and D, sacral vertebra. E, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for B, D; left lateral for A, C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8F4C39FC71F089FD0BFC5E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690981/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690981	Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles.A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles.A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF894C38FE87F0B1FB67FCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690965	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF894C38FE87F0B1FB67FCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690969/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690969	Figure 7. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 407). D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 7. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 407). D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF894C38FE87F0B1FB67FCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690977/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690977	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF894C38FE87F0B1FB67FCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690981/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690981	Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles.A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles.A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF884C3AFCCFF037FDB2F8A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690965	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF884C3AFCCFF037FDB2F8A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690969/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690969	Figure 7. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 407). D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 7. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 407). D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF884C3AFCCFF037FDB2F8A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690977/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690977	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF884C3AFCCFF037FDB2F8A1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690981/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690981	Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles.A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles.A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8A4C04FC61F3ADFD26FA2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690965	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8A4C04FC61F3ADFD26FA2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690971	Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8A4C04FC61F3ADFD26FA2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690977/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690977	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FF8A4C04FC61F3ADFD26FA2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690981/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690981	Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles.A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 13. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles.A, Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). C, D, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 391). E, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A, E; right lateral for B–D), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB44C06FE8AF54EFD20FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690965	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB44C06FE8AF54EFD20FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690971	Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB44C06FE8AF54EFD20FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690977/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690977	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB44C06FE8AF54EFD20FCC6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690983/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690983	Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Ommatotriton ophryticus (MNCN 40462). B, C, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). D, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 145). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C; left lateral for B, D, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Ommatotriton ophryticus (MNCN 40462). B, C, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). D, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 145). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C; left lateral for B, D, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB64C01FEB3F029FA15F975.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690965	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB64C01FEB3F029FA15F975.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690971	Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB64C01FEB3F029FA15F975.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690977/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690977	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB64C01FEB3F029FA15F975.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690983/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690983	Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Ommatotriton ophryticus (MNCN 40462). B, C, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). D, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 145). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C; left lateral for B, D, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Ommatotriton ophryticus (MNCN 40462). B, C, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). D, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 145). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C; left lateral for B, D, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB14C02FC0BF59CFC3DFAEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690965/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690965	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 5. Otic–occipitum complexes of European Pleurodelinae.A, left complex of Calotriton asper (MNCN 16122). B, right complex of Euproctus montanus (BSPGM 4202). C, left complex of Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 416). D, right complex of Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). E, left complex of Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). F, right complex of Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). G, right complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). H, left complex of Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral, posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB14C02FC0BF59CFC3DFAEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690971/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690971	Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 8. Atlantes of European urodeles. A, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). B, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 133). C, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193), with right postzygapophyses missing. D, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, D; left lateral for B–C, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB14C02FC0BF59CFC3DFAEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690977/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690977	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 11. Precaudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Euproctus platycephalus (MDHC 405). B, Ichthyosaura alpestris (MDHC 352). C, Lissotriton Ʋulgaris (MDHC 135). D, Ommatotriton Ʋittatus (MNCN 13193). E, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). F, G,Triturus carnifex (MDHC 38): F, one of the first trunk vertebrae; and G, trunk vertebra close to the pelvis. From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (left lateral for A–C, E, F; right lateral for D, G), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
9750C307FFB14C02FC0BF59CFC3DFAEE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://zenodo.org/record/7690983/files/figure.png	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7690983	Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Ommatotriton ophryticus (MNCN 40462). B, C, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). D, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 145). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C; left lateral for B, D, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	Figure 14. Caudal vertebrae of European urodeles. A, Ommatotriton ophryticus (MNCN 40462). B, C, Pleurodeles aealtl (MDHC 253). D, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 299). E, Triturus carnifex (MDHC 145). From left to right: anterior, dorsal, lateral (right lateral for A, C; left lateral for B, D, E), posterior and ventral views. Scale bars: 1 mm.	2023-03-01	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo		Zenodo	biologists	Macaluso, Loredana;Wencker, Lukardis C M;Castrovilli, Maria;Carnevale, Giorgio;Delfino, Massimo			
