identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
975887B7FFDCFFE166D0FBD917DF3436.text	975887B7FFDCFFE166D0FBD917DF3436.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parandrini Blanchard 1845	<div><p>Key to worldwide Parandrini genera</p> <p>(excluding African Birandra gabonica (Thomson, 1858), B. capicola (Thomson, 1860), and B. morettoi (Adlbauer, 2004)).</p> <p>1. Procoxal cavities closed behind.................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>— Procoxal cavities opened behind.................................................................................................. 5</p> <p>2(1). Paronychium absent.................................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>— Paronychium present.................................................................................................................. 4</p> <p>3(2). Elytra with short and distinct hair. Africa intertropical, Madagascar and Vietnam (introduced)...................................................................................................... Stenandra Lameere, 1912</p> <p>— Elytra glabrous. Canada, United States, England (introduced), Germany (introduced)........................................................................................................................ Neandra Lameere, 1912</p> <p>4(2). Galea short, reaching only apex of first segment of maxillary palp; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI present and divided by carina. Asia (Iran, Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan)............................................................................................................... Archandra Lameere, 1912</p> <p>— Galea long, reaching or surpassing middle of second segment of maxillary palp; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI absent, carina lacking. America (between latitude 42 oN and 40 oS, including West Indies), England (introduced)............................... Parandra Latreille, 1802</p> <p>5(1). Mandible without small tooth at apex of latero-outer face or vaguely indicated (Fig. 75, 76).... 6</p> <p>— Mandible with distinct small tooth at apex of latero-outer face (Fig. 77-117)............................ 7</p> <p>6(5). Galea (Fig. 199) short; apex of prosternal process enlarged; procoxal cavities slightly opened behind. Hawaiian Islands........... Hawaiiandra Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, gen. nov.</p> <p>— Galea (Fig. 202) long; apex of prosternal process narrow; procoxal cavities clearly opened behind. Australia........................... Storeyandra Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, gen. nov.</p> <p>7(5). Latero-outer face of mandibles with tooth near middle (Fig. 77-79); inner face with strong and successive transverse keels (Fig. 361). Indonesia (Sulawesi?, Halmahera and Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea..................... Malukandra Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, gen. nov.</p> <p>— Latero-outer face of mandibles without tooth near middle (Fig. 75, 76, 80-117); inner face smooth.................................................................................................................................................. 8</p> <p>8(7). Presence of deep depression in “V” on dorsal face of head (Fig. 370, 372, 373, 375); dorsal carina of mandibles (mainly in males), short, strongly oblique in relation to the longitudinal axis, and fused at apex to the more basal tooth of the inner margin (Fig. 130, 132). New Caledonia............................................ Caledonandra Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, gen. nov.</p> <p>— Depression in “V” on dorsal face of head absent (Fig. 410, 412); dorsal carina of mandibles not strongly oblique in relation to the longitudinal axis, and not reaching the inner margin (Fig. 144, 156)................................................................................................................................... 9</p> <p>9(8). Mandibles (Fig. 120) tumid at latero-outer face. South America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, French Guiana).................................................................... Acutandra Santos-Silva, 2002</p> <p>— Mandibles (Fig. 134, 141) not tumid at latero-outer face.......................................................... 10</p> <p>10(9). Mandibles of male (Fig. 136, 118) with largest width of latero-outer face equal to, at most, 1/3 of length; in female equal to, at most, half the length............................................................... 11</p> <p>— Mandibles of male (Fig. 148, 158) with largest width of latero-outer face clearly larger than 1/3 of length; in female larger than the half the length.................................................................. 12</p> <p>11(10). Dorsal surface of head with gibbosities between eyes; mandibles of male (Fig. 134, 136) relatively narrow at base in dorsal view (width from less than half the length to slightly larger than half), except in M. bougainvillensis (Fig. 138). Fiji Is. (Viti Levu; Vanau Levu, Ovalau), Solomon Is. (Santa Ana and Santa Isabel Islands), Papua New Guinea (Bougainville Island).......................................................... Melanesiandra Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, gen. nov.</p> <p>— Dorsal surface of head without gibbosities between eyes (sometimes, indicated in female); mandibles of male (Fig. 118) distinctly wide at base in dorsal view (width distinctly greater than half of length). Mexico and West Indies to 20 oS latitude.................... Birandra Santos-Silva, 2002</p> <p>12(10). Margins of latero-basal third of prothorax slightly convergent; veins MP 3 and MP 4 (Fig. 210) not fused at apices. Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea (New Guinea Island and Normamby Island), Australia (Norfolk Island)......................................................................................................................................... Papuandra Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, gen. nov.</p> <p>— Margins of latero-basal third of prothorax clearly convergent; veins MP 3 and MP 4 (Fig. 211) fused at apices. Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia (Borneo), Indonesia (Borneo, Sulawesi, Java, Moluccas, Irian Jaya, Sumatra, Lombok, Ambon), Papua New Guinea................................................... Komiyandra Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, gen. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFDCFFE166D0FBD917DF3436	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFDFFFE766D0F9B817DF3356.text	975887B7FFDFFFE766D0F9B817DF3356.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra, new genus</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague, Mr. Ziro Komiya (Komiya + Parandra), of Japan, who has published numerous papers on Oriental Prioninae and provided many of the important specimens for this study. Feminine gender.</p> <p>Type species. Parandra janus Bates, 1875.</p> <p>Description. Dorsal area of head, between eyes, with gibbosities well marked, separated by furrow deep or barely deep, without central depression in “V”. Ocular carina elevated and distinct from middle to clypeus. Eyes (Fig. 94) narrow (maximum width equal to 0.4 times the total length); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 452) prominent or very prominent; anterior ocular edge with concavity well marked. Frontoclypeal suture just visible laterally (sometimes absent). Central region of clypeus vertical, oblique or strongly oblique. Clypeolabral suture visible in full extension or only laterally. Central projection of male labrum varying from wide and truncate at apex to narrow and sharpened apically; central projection of female usually as in male, but when truncate, always narrower. Mandibles of major males (Fig. 177, 184) subfalciform (almost identical to female in minor males), shorter than head or slightly shorter, wide at base of latero-outer face (Fig. 114); dorsal carina elevated, well marked from base to apical third; inner margin with two teeth, together protracted, located in middle or after middle; apex with two large teeth, visible dorsally, and a third, small, not visible dorsally; outer face without large tooth around middle (Fig. 107). Mandibles of females (Fig. 169, 185) Birandra -like, wide at base of latero-outer face; dorsal carina elevated only at basal third, ending approximately in middle; inner margin with two teeth together protracted, located in middle; apex and outer face as in males. Mentum with hair long and sparse. Galea (Fig. 196, 200) long (surpassing the apex of second segment of maxillary palp). Ventral sensorial area of antennae (Fig. 235, 245) not visible from side, divided (Fig. 312, 313) or not by low carina, not visible from side (sometimes visible from the side on antennomere XI or X-XI); ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI not extending into dorsal area; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI small, well delimited, not divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum strongly convex in apical half (close to head); anterior edge barely sinuous (mainly in males) to sinuous (mainly in females); anterior angles projected to front (usually more distinct in females); lateral angle very distinct and obtuse, or slightly distinct and obtuse (sometimes variable intraspecific); posterior angles distinct and obtuse (sometimes almost in right angle). Elytra punctate, usually distinctly and abundantly. Veins MP 3 and MP 4 fused at their apex (Fig. 211). Apex of prosternal process barely enlarged. Femora glabrous or sub-glabrous. Dorsal face of tibiae rounded, or flat or shallowly furrowed. Procoxal cavities clearly open behind. Paronychium with one seta (two setae in K. ohbayashii sp. nov.).</p> <p>Included species. Komiyandra janus (Bates, 1875), comb. nov.; K. shibatai (Hayashi, 1963), comb. nov.; K. formosana (Miwa and Mitono, 1939), comb. nov.; K. lanyuana (Hayashi, 1981), comb. nov.; K. javana Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. nayani Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. ohbayashii Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. luzonica Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. philippinensis Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. mindanao Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. mehli Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. vivesi Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. lombokia Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. sulawesiana Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. irianjayana Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. menieri Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. sangihe Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. mindoro Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. niisatoi Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. drumonti Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. cabigasi Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. koni Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. johkii Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; K. poggii Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; and K. uenoi Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 316). Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Taiwan, Philippines, Malaysia (Borneo: Sabah), Indonesia (Borneo, Sulawesi, Ternate, Java, Lombok, Sumbawa, Moluccas, Irian Jaya, Sumatra, Sangihe, Seram).</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra differs from Birandra Santos-Silva, 2002, and Acutandra Santos-Silva, 2002, by mandibles of major males being sub-falciform (Fig. 162), and by veins MP 3 and MP 4 (Fig. 211) fused together at apices. In Birandra, mandibles of major males (Fig. 118) are clearly falciform and veins MP 3 and MP 4 (Fig. 212) are separate at apices. In Acutandra, mandibles of major males (Fig. 120) are very similar to that of females (not falciform or sub-falciform), and veins MP 3 and MP 4 (Fig. 205) are as in Birandra. Different from Archandra Lameere, 1912, and Parandra Latreille, 1802, because these genera have distinctly falciform mandibles in major males and veins MP 3 and MP 4 (Fig. 207, 208) not fused together at apices, and by procoxal cavities closed behind. From Neandra Lameere, 1912, different by procoxal cavities open behind, and presence of paronychium clearly exposed. In Neandra, procoxal cavities are closed behind, and paronychium not exposed. Different from Stenandra Lameere, 1912, by procoxal cavities open behind, and by the paronychium clearly exposed (closed and not exposed in Stenandra). See comments on Melanesiandra, Hawaiiandra, Caledonandra, Malukandra, Papuandra, and Storeyandra.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFDFFFE766D0F9B817DF3356	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFD9FFE466D0FE7917DF3316.text	975887B7FFD9FFE466D0FE7917DF3316.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Key to the species of Komiyandra</p> <p>1. Sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina, or with carina in some of those antennomeres........................................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>— Sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not divided by carina...................................................... 9</p> <p>2(1). Elytral punctation fine or moderately fine (Fig. 428, 430, 445, 447).......................................... 3</p> <p>— Elytral punctation coarse (Fig. 405, 409, 410, 412).................................................................... 4</p> <p>3(2). Posterior angles of pronotum rounded (Fig. 445, 447) in both sexes. Indonesia [Sulawesi, Java (?)]........................................................................................................ K. sulawesiana, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Posterior angles of pronotum distinct and obtuse in both sexes (Fig. 428, 430). Philippines (Luzon, Mindoro, Mindanao)............................................................................... K. luzonica, sp. nov.</p> <p>4(2). Metatarsomere V shorter than half the length of metatibiae. Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Amami-Ôshima and Okinawa Is.).................................................................... K. shibatai (Hayashi)</p> <p>— Metatarsomere V longer than half the length of metatibiae....................................................... 5</p> <p>5(4). Lateral margins of pronotum (Fig. 441, 466, 468) distinctly expanded...................................... 6</p> <p>— Lateral margins of pronotum (Fig. 422, 424) not distinctly expanded....................................... 7</p> <p>6(5). Dorsal face of metatibiae narrowed at apical half; metatarsomere V (without claws) as long as I-III together. Philippines (Mindanao)........................................................... K. vivesi, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Dorsal face of metatibiae wide at apical half; metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together. Philippines (Mindanao).......................................................... K. cabigasi, sp. nov.</p> <p>7(5). Elytral punctation notably abundant and close (Fig. 422, 424), the general appearance of elytral surface somewhat rugose; pronotal punctation in female distinctly abundant laterally, close to anterior angles. Malaysia (Sabah)............................................................ K. nayani, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Elytral punctation abundant but not notably close (Fig. 425, 427); the general appearance of elytral surface not rugose; pronotal punctation in female sparse or moderately sparse laterally, close to anterior angles............................................................................................................. 8</p> <p>8(7). Ocular carina in male not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes; lateral margins of anterior two-thirds of pronotum in female (Fig. 427) convergent towards head. Philippines (Mindanao)........................................................................................................... K. ohbayashii, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Ocular carina in male bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes; lateral margins of anterior two-thirds of pronotum in female (Fig. 409) parallel. Indonesia (Sulawesi). K. janus (Bates)</p> <p>9(1). Metatarsomere I notably tumid, wide in lateral view (Fig. 290). Indonesia (Irian Jaya)...................................................................................................................... K. irianjayana, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Metatarsomere I not tumid and narrow in lateral view (Fig. 288)........................................... 10</p> <p>10(9). Elytral punctation fine. Indonesia (Lombok, Sumbawa Island)............. K. lombokia, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Elytral punctation coarse.......................................................................................................... 11</p> <p>11(10). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 40, 41) narrow, acute or sub-acute at apex in both sexes. Malaysia (Sabah)...................................................................................... K. nayani, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Central projection of labrum of male (Fig. 34, 61) wide, truncate or slightly rounded; in female, narrow, truncate (Fig. 73) or acute (Fig. 33) (in this last case, species not present in Borneo)................................................................................................................................................ 12</p> <p>12(11). Elytra distinctly flat. Body clearly compressed dorsoventrally (Fig. 465). Papua New Guinea.................................................................................................................. K. drumonti, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Elytra convex. Body not compressed dorsoventrally (Fig. 433)................................................. 13</p> <p>13(12). Metatarsomere V not notably narrow at basal half (Fig. 301). Taiwan (excluding Lanyu Island)........................................................................................ K. formosana (Miwa and Mitono)</p> <p>— Metatarsomere V notably narrow at basal half (Fig. 300)........................................................ 14</p> <p>14(13). Mandibles subtriangular (Fig. 155, 193); length, at most, one-third longer than the greater width. Female.................................................................................................................................... 28</p> <p>— Mandibles sub-falciform (Fig. 154, 184); length, at least, equal to 1.5 times the greater width. Male........................................................................................................................................ 15</p> <p>15(14). Teeth of inner margin of mandible in male (Fig. 183) placed after middle (occupying only apical third of inner margin) Female unknown. Philippines (Mindoro).......... K. mindoro, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Teeth of inner margin of mandible in male (Fig. 189) placed in middle (occupying great part of inner margin)......................................................................................................................... 16</p> <p>16(15). Head narrower than pronotum, elongate behind eyes (Fig. 438).............................................. 17</p> <p>— Head as wide as pronotum, not elongate behind eyes (Fig. 431)............................................... 21</p> <p>17(16). Metepisternae and urosternites coarsely and abundantly punctate......................................... 18</p> <p>— Metepisternae and urosternites finely and somewhat sparsely punctate................................. 20</p> <p>18(17). Central area of labrum distinctly tumid and with tuberculiform process frontally; central projection of labrum not notably projected at apex, and strongly lowered. Indonesia (Sumatra)................................................................................................................................... K. poggii, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Central area of labrum not tumid and without tuberculiform process..................................... 19</p> <p>19(18). Dorsal face of metatibiae flat; latero-outer face of metatibiae longitudinally sulcate. Borneo (Malaysia and Indonesia)............................................................................................... K. koni, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Dorsal face of tibiae rounded; latero-outer face of metatibiae not sulcate. Borneo (Malaysia)........................................................................................................................... K. johkii, sp. nov.</p> <p>20(17). Integument very dark brown (blackish). Female unknown. Indonesia (Sulawesi)........................................................................................................................................ K. niisatoi, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Integument dark-brown (not blackish). Indonesia (Seram).......................... K. mehli, sp. nov.</p> <p>21(16). Ocular carina not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes, or with bifurcation vaguely indicated................................................................................................................................................ 22</p> <p>— Ocular carina distinctly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes..................................... 24</p> <p>22(21). Anterior edge of pronotum (Fig. 419) sinuous (emargination very distinct at middle). Indonesia (Java)........................................................................................................ K. javana, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Anterior edge of pronotum (Fig. 456) not sinuous (wide and slightly sinuous at middle)........ 23</p> <p>23(22). Greatest width of metafemur less than three times the length. Male. Indonesia (Sulawesi)....................................................................................................................... K. sangihe, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Greatest width of metafemur slightly more than three times the length. Philippines (Mindanao)............................................................................................................ K. mindanao, sp. nov.</p> <p>24(21). Lateral margins of anterior third of pronotum divergent towards head. Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Amami-Ôshima Islands and Okinawa Islands).................................. K. shibatai (Hayashi)</p> <p>— Lateral margins of anterior third of pronotum parallel or subparallel..................................... 25</p> <p>25(24). Metatibiae narrow in dorsal view (lateral not notably visible at medial region). Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Ishigaki-jima Island, Iriomote-jima Island)................................... K. uenoi, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Metatibiae moderately wide in dorsal view (lateral notably visible at medial region).............. 25</p> <p>26(25). Area behind bifurcation of ocular carina with punctures abundant and at least partially anastomosed, or networked. Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Ternate Island)]..... K. menieri, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Area behind bifurcation of ocular carina with punctures sparse.............................................. 27</p> <p>27(26). Metatarsomere V approximately as long as half the length of metatibia. Philippines (Negros Island, Leyte Island, Sibuyan Island, Luzon Island, Mindoro Island)............................................................................................................................................. K. philippinensis, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Metatarsomere V distinctly shorter than half the length of metatibia. Taiwan (Lanyu Island)............................................................................................................ K. lanyuana (Hayashi)</p> <p>28(14). Central projection of labrum with apex narrow and acute (triangular) (Fig. 33, 48)............... 29</p> <p>— Central projection of labrum truncate or distinctly rounded (Fig. 39, 68)............................... 30</p> <p>29(28). Head (Fig. 412) distinctly narrower than pronotum. Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Amami-Ôshima Islands and Okinawa Islands)............................................................. K. shibatai (Hayashi)</p> <p>— Head (Fig. 434) wide, extending nearly to lateral edge of pronotum. Philippines (Negros Island, Leyte Island, Sibuyan Island, Luzon Island, Mindoro Island).... K. philippinensis, sp. nov.</p> <p>30(28). Metatarsomere V longer than I-III together.............................................................................. 31</p> <p>— Metatarsomere V shorter or as long as I-III together............................................................... 34</p> <p>31(30). Head (Fig. 421) wide (lateral distance between apices of eyes, greater than 2.5 times the length of mandible in dorsal view) Indonesia (Java)............................................... K. javana, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Head (Fig. 472) narrow (lateral distance between apices of eyes, at most, 2.5 times the length of mandible in dorsal view)......................................................................................................... 32</p> <p>32(31). Circum-scutellar punctation not different of that placed laterally on basal third of elytra. Borneo (Malaysia and Indonesia)............................................................................... K. koni, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Circum-scutellar punctation distinctly different of that placed laterally on basal third of elytra................................................................................................................................................ 33</p> <p>33(32). Metepisterna with punctures coarse and shallow. Indonesia (Irian Jaya, Ternate Island), Papua New Guinea............................................................................................. K. menieri, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Metepisterna with punctures slightly coarse and well defined. Indonesia (Seram)........................................................................................................................................... K. mehli, sp. nov.</p> <p>34(30). Head elongate behind eyes (Fig. 437)........................................................................................ 35</p> <p>— Head not elongate behind eyes (Fig. 480).................................................................................. 36</p> <p>35(34). Metepisternae abundantly punctate throughout, but the punctures are closer at basal third. Indonesia (Sumatra)................................................................................... K. poggii, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Metepisterna not abundantly punctate. Philippines (Mindanao).......... K. mindanao, sp. nov.</p> <p>36(34). Metatibiae, in dorsal view, notably narrow at apical half. Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Ishigaki-jima Island, Iriomote-jima Island)....................................................................... K. uenoi, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Metatibiae, in dorsal view, not notably narrow at apical half. Taiwan (Lanyu Island).......................................................................................................................... K. lanyuana (Hayashi)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFD9FFE466D0FE7917DF3316	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFDAFFE466D0FE5813013556.text	975887B7FFDAFFE466D0FE5813013556.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra sulawesiana Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra sulawesiana sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 55, 56, 106, 177, 178, 246, 289, 336, 445-447)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the island of Sulawesi in Indonesia.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, INDONESIA, Sulawesi, South Sulawesi: Pulu-Pulu, III.1999, (MZSP – donated by Ziro Komiya). Paratypes (1 M, 1 F), as follows: INDONESIA, Sulawesi, West Sulawesi: Tabone (1 km Mamasa), M, I.2004, (ZKCO). Java, West Java: Puncak, F, VII.26.2002, H. Chen coll. (ZKCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument brown very dark dorsally, dark brown ventrally (lighter on metasternum, urosternites and legs).</p> <p>Male (Fig. 445). Head wide; dorsal surface, on gibbosities, finely, sparsely punctate; central area between gibbosities and occiput almost impunctate; gibbosities strongly distinct, separated by deep and wide furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina with distinct depression, smooth; ocular carina elevated, wide, bifurcated in “Y” (Fig. 445) near posterior edge of eyes (bifurcation not strongly evident); area behind eyes coarsely, abundantly, in part confluently punctate (clearly finer and sparser close to eyes). Eyes (Fig. 106) narrow and elongated; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 445) clearly distinct. Central area of clypeus vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 55) narrow and subacute at apex. Submentum depressed, vermiculate, coarsely, sparsely punctate towards gula, and finer and more abundant close to anterior edge; pilosity short and sparse; anterior margin elevated throughout, wide. Teeth of inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 177) placed after middle, together protracted, and separated just at apex. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 246), and divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at central region; laterally microsculptured and granulated (granules larger and more abundant at anterior half); anterior edge (Fig. 445) sinuous; anterior angles distinct, not projected forward; lateral angles distinct, widely rounded; posterior angles rounded; area close to posterior angles convex. Anterior two-thirds of elytra with fine and sparse punctation towards suture, coarser laterally; apical third finely punctate throughout; each elytron with two carinae. Metasternum with moderately fine and sparse punctation laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 446) elongated. Dorsal face of metatibiae rounded. Metatarsomere V (Fig. 289) longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 447). Labrum (Fig. 56) as in male. Mandibles (Fig. 178). Pronotum without granules laterally.</p> <p>Variability. Males: punctation of submentum, close to anterior edge, abundant but not finer; Metasternum with punctures moderately coarse and abundant laterally.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 24,5-25.6/26.0; prothorax: length, 5.4- 5.5/5.0; anterior width, 7.0-7.4/5.7; posterior width, 5.6-5.7/5.5; humeral width, 6.9-7.4/7.4; elytral length, 14.0-14.5/16.7.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra sulawesiana is very similar to K. janus, but differs by the: punctation of the head, of the pronotum, and mainly of the elytra (Fig. 445), clearly finer; labrum longer, clearly projected laterally (Fig. 55, 56); posterior angles of the pronotum rounded. In K. janus, the punctation of the head, of the pronotum, and of the elytra is coarser (Fig. 405), the labrum is shorter, and is slightly projected laterally (Fig. 31, 407), and the posterior angles of the pronotum are very distinct and in almost a right angle.</p> <p>According to the label on the female paratype, the specimen was collected in Java (Puncak). It is possible that the specimen had been labeled incorrectly, mainly because there is also a locality in Sulawesi named Puncak.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFDAFFE466D0FE5813013556	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFC5FFFA66D0FF18103933B6.text	975887B7FFC5FFFA66D0FF18103933B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra luzonica Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra luzonica sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 45, 46, 100, 166, 167, 240, 283, 333, 428-430)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the island of Luzon in the Philippines.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, Philippines, Cordillera Administrative Region, luzon, Benguet: Baguio, [no date indicated], G. G. Haslam col. (USNM). Paratypes (22 M, 17 F), as follows: PHILIPPINES, Cordillera Administrative Region, Luzon, Mountain Province: Mount Puguis (1800 – 1900 m), 2 M, VII.17.1985, M. Sakai coll. (EELE); Mount Polis, F, V.2006, D. Mohagan coll. (KMCT). Ifugao: Banaue, F, VI.1987, [no collector indicated] (HNCO). Benguet: M, [no date indicated], Sanio Tomas coll. (USNM); Baguio, 2 M, F, [no date indicated], G. G. Haslam coll. (USNM); M, [no date indicated], G. G. Haslam col. (MZSP). Cagayan Valley Region, Nueva Viscaya: 2 F, VI.2004, local coll. (EVCO); M, [no date indicated], I. Luwawig coll. (EVCO); Santa Fe, 10 M, 10 F, VI.2006, local. coll. (DHCO); M, F, VI.2006, local. coll. (MSZP). Mimaropa Region, Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro: Mount Halcon, M, VI.2007, [no collector indicated] (MZSP); M, V.2001, [no collector indicated] (ZKCO); M, VI.2007, [no collector indicated] (ZKCO). Northern Mindanao Region, Mindanao, Bukidnon: Mount Kalatungan, M, F, IX.2007, (ZKCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; ventral surface and tarsus chestnut.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 428). Head wide; dorsal surface, on gibbosities, with barely fine punctures, moderately abundant, not confluent; area between gibbosities and occiput with same kind of punctures, but sparser; area close to eyes with barely large punctures, confluent; frontal gibbosities well marked, separated by deep and wide furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina depressed, and with some punctures; ocular carina elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 428); area behind eyes with punctures slightly coarse, sparse. Eyes narrow (Fig. 100); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 428) distinct. Central area of clypeus vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 45) narrow and subacute at apex. Submentum barely depressed, with large and abundant punctures; margin close to mentum wide and barely elevated at middle (more elevated at sides); pilosity very sparse, present throughout. Teeth of inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 166) placed after middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina, visible from side (Fig. 240).</p> <p>Pronotum coarsely, abundantly punctate at latero-basal half; latero-apical half with tiny, abundant callosities; center of disc finely, sparsely punctate; anterior edge (Fig. 428) clearly sinuous; anterior angles not projected forward; lateral angles barely marked; posterior angles marked, obtuse and barely distinct. Elytra somewhat finely, moderately, sparsely punctate, mainly towards suture; each elytron with two carinae barely visible. Metasternum with some moderately coarse, shallow punctures at sides. Metafemur (Fig. 429) elongated. Dorsal face of tibiae rounded; in dorsal view distinctly wide. Metatarsus (without claws) approximately as long as metatibia; metatarsomere V barely longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 430). Latero-apical half of pronotum with abundant punctures, and moderately rugose. Labrum (Fig. 46). Mandible (Fig. 167).</p> <p>Variability. Males: area between gibbosities and ocular carina with fine, sparse punctures; area close to eyes with punctures partially confluent; area between gibbosities and ocular carina smooth; ocular carina bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes; central projection of labrum narrow and rounded at apex; punctures of submentum moderately abundant; margin of submentum, close to mentum, wide and elevated throughout; pilosity sparse; submentum depressed at sides; anterior margin of pronotum barely sinuous; anterior angles of pronotum barely projected forward; elytral punctures fine and sparse, mainly towards suture; each elytron with a single carina barely visible. Female: Latero-apical half of pronotum finely, sparsely punctate, and not rugose.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 16.0-23.1/17.2-18.0; prothorax: length, 3.3-4.8/3.5-3.7; anterior width, 3.9-6.5/4.2-4.3; posterior width, 3.3-5.1/3.9-4.0; humeral width, 4.3-6.4/ 5.0-5.1; elytral length, 9.5-12.7/11.0-11.6.</p> <p>Comments. Differs from males of K. shibatai (Hayashi, 1963), K. lanyuana (Hayashi, 1981), K. formosana (Miwa and Mitono, 1939), K. philippinensis and K. mehli, mainly, by the central projection of labrum narrow and rounded or subacute at apex, and by the elytral punctures fine or nearly fine, distinctly sparse. In males of the species mentioned above, the apex of the central projection of labrum is wide and truncate, and the elytral punctures are distinctly coarser and close in both sexes.</p> <p>Differs from K. nayani, K. ohbayashii and K. janus, by the presence of tiny callosities at latero-apical half of the pronotum, and by the elytral punctures clearly finer. In the three species, the pronotum is only punctate at latero-apical half, and their elytral punctures are clearly coarser and more abundant than elytral punctures of K. luzonica.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFC5FFFA66D0FF18103933B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFC4FFF866D0FE3816B53536.text	975887B7FFC4FFF866D0FE3816B53536.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra shibatai (Hayashi 1963) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra shibatai (Hayashi, 1963)</p> <p>(Fig. 32, 33, 94, 154, 155, 234, 277, 300, 304, 305, 326, 410-412)</p> <p>Parandra janus; Hayashi 1961a: 36, pl. 9, fig. 1.</p> <p>Parandra shibatai Hayashi, 1963: 50; Samuelson and Gressitt 1965: 51; Kojima and Hayashi 1969: 2, pl. 1, fig. 1; Nakamura et al. 1976: 228 (larva); Arigony 1984: 89; Hayashi et al. 1988: 166; Mizuno and Shiyake 2004: 4 (types).</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) shibatai; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head, mandibles, basal antennomeres, margins of pronotum, epipleura and elytral suture, and parts of the legs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 410). Dorsal face of head, on the gibbosities, coarsely and abundantly punctate; longitudinal depression between gibbosities smooth; area behind gibbosities with transverse region smooth, interrupted in the middle by punctures slightly coarse, and with coarse punctures, moderately sparse, between that region and the occiput; area between the gibbosities and ocular carina clearly depressed and smooth; area behind the eyes coarsely, sparsely punctate; ocular carina elevated, clearly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 410). Eyes narrow (Fig. 94); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 410) very distinct. Central area of clypeus vertical. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 32) wide, slightly rounded at apex. Submentum depressed from middle to anterior edge; punctation coarse, moderately sparse; pilosity moderately long, sparse; anterior edge elevated and punctate throughout, mainly laterally. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 154) placed around the middle. Antennae reaching basal fifth of prothorax; ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-X not visible from side (Fig. 234), and not divided by carina; ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI divided by carina very low; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI moderately large, narrow and elliptical.</p> <p>Lateral margins of prothorax divergent at anterior two-thirds towards anterior angles. Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at central region, just coarser close to anterior edge, and clearly coarser and more abundant laterally, mainly at anterior half; lateral area microsculptured; anterior edge sinuous; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles not marked; posterior angles well marked. Basal two-thirds of elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate, mainly laterally on basal third and across medial third; punctation of apical third somewhat finer and more concentrated and abundant; each elytron with one carina well marked, and other indicated. Metasternum with punctures moderately coarse and sparse laterally, gradually finer towards metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 411) short and moderately wide. Dorsal face of metatibia rounded, mainly on basal two-thirds; in dorsal view evidently enlarged. Metatarsomere V (without claws) approximately as long as I-III together (Fig. 277); in dorsal view (Fig. 300) not enlarged at basal half.</p> <p>Male genitalia: median lobe short, forming a flattened tube, with two elongate struts at base, apex widely rounded and feebly incised at middle (Fig. 305); parameres short, forming a ring, with a pair of pointed processes, separate near their base in dorsal view, apical lobes short and wide, stout relatively narrow (Fig. 304).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 412). Head moderately narrow; dorsal face coarsely and abundantly punctate throughout. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 33) narrow and acute at apex. Mandible (Fig. 155). Pronotum with punctation as in male, but the microsculptured lateral area is evident only at basal half; anterior angles more distinctly projected forward; anterior edge as in male, and with the same kind of variation. Antennae reaching the basal fifth of prothorax.</p> <p>Variability. Male: central area of clypeus oblique close to front; central projection of labrum somewhat projected at center of apex; ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI incompletely divided by carina very low or not divided (mainly in minor males); antennae reaching base of elytra; anterior edge of pronotum slightly sinuous; each elytron with one or two carinae indicated. Female: punctation of dorsal face of head just sparser behind the gibbosities.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 14.1-18.5/13.8-18.5; prothorax: length, 4.0-4.1/3.4-3.6; anterior width, 5.0-5.2/3.7-4.1; posterior width, 4.1-4.2/3.4-3.9; humeral width, 4.9-5.0/ 4.2-4.7; elytral length, 9.8-10.2/9.6-10.4.</p> <p>Larva. Nakamura et al. (1976) published the description of the larva of Parandra shibatai. As this work was published in Japanese, we are adding the full description translated into English.</p> <p>“Head roundly trapezoidal, with both lateral margins roundish, widest at posterior 3/4, and then arcuated inward; posterior margin almost straight, deeply emarginated at middle.</p> <p>Anterior portion of occipital foramen oval. Posterior portion roundly triangular; posterior margin deeply emarginated inward. Anterior margin of frons slightly emarginated posteriad, not serrate without epistomal process. Postcondylar carina absent. Frons blackish brown only in part of anterior margin, most milky white, smooth, bearing a transverse series of several short hairs; lateral portion sparsely clothed with long hairs; frontal suture and median line indistinct.</p> <p>Hypostomal sclerite smooth. Anterior margin of hypostoma deeply arcuated posteriad.</p> <p>Gula distinct, slightly elevated and attached to the marginal rim of the anterior portion of occipital foramen.</p> <p>Ocellae absent. Antennae 3-segmented; antennomere 2 long, about two times as long as antennomere 1; antennomere 3 minute, cylindrical; antennomeres 2 and 3 each bearing a short hair at apex; antennomeres 1 and 2 in part wide and large, covered with basal membranes.</p> <p>Frontal lobes trapezoidal, large and smooth. Labrum almost triangular, longer than wide, sparsely clothed with short setae on apical 1/3 and bearing a transverse series of four long setae in the middle.</p> <p>Gnathal segments transversely rectangular, rounded on both sides and sparsely clothed with short hairs in the middle. Ligula about as high as labial palpomeres 2 and densely clothed with short setae at apex. Lacinia thumb-like shaped, rounded at apex and shorter than maxillary palp.</p> <p>Anterior 1/2 of pronotum smooth, bearing few short hairs, milky white and devoid of yellowish brown sclerotized macula; posterior 1/2 covered with reddish brown microgranulated spinules which become smaller and denser posteriad.</p> <p>Prothoracic pleura distinct; antero-lateral portions sparsely clothed with slightly longer hairs and devoid of sclerotized macula. Prosternum divided into basisternum and sternellum; sternellum roundly triangular, scattered with reddish brown microgranulated spinules in posterior 1/2.</p> <p>Three pairs of legs large, each consists of three segments; segments 1 and 2 cylindrical; segment 3 elongate, conical and scaled near apex.</p> <p>Abdomen 9-segmented dorsally, almost cylindrical; each segment almost in the same width; segment 1 to 7 with an ambulatory ampulla on dorsal and ventral sides; ventral ampulla of segment 7 somewhat indistinct. Ambulatory ampullae subelliptically convex, with a pair of latero-longitudinal grooves and a medio- transverse groove in anterior 1/3, and also having V-shaped oblique grooves in central portion, devoid of microgranulated spinules. Ventral ambulatory ampullae similar to dorsal ones, but V-shaped oblique grooves shallow and inconspicuous. Pleural disc absent. Abdominal segment 10 small, roundly prominent from the distal portion of segment 9. Anal plate triforous.</p> <p>Head width: 4 mm; head length: 3.8 mm.</p> <p>Body length: 32 mm ”.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 326). Japan (Ryukyu Islands: Amami-Ôshima Islands and Okinawa Islands).</p> <p>Material examined. JAPAN, Ryukyu Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture: Amami-Ôshima Island (Chuorindo), 1 M, 1 F, VII.10.2008, H. Kitamura coll. (MMPC); (Mount Akatsuchi-yama), M, VII.03.1979, T. Mizunuma coll. (KMCT); F, VII.14.1979, N. Yamamoto coll. (OMNH); F, VII.5-VIII.2.1980, N. Yamamoto coll. (MZSP); M, (ex-Collection Hajime Yokoyama), VII.5.1980, H. Yokoyama coll. (OMNH); [Amami-Chuo (Central)-rindo], M, (ex-Collection Hajime Yokoyama), VII.9.1979, T. Mizunuma coll. (OMNH); (Hatsuno), holotype M, VII.7.1961, T. Shibata coll. (KCMI); F, (ex-Collection Hajime Yokoyama), VII.6.1970, H. Yokoyama coll. (OMNH); 2 M, VII.3.1972, I. Matoba coll. (HNCO); 2 F, VI.26.1972, T. Ochi coll. (KMCT); 2 M, VIII.20.1973, I. Matoba coll. (HNCO); M, F, VII.20.1974. I. Matoba coll. (HNCO); F, VII.20.1975, I. Matoba coll. (HNCO); M, F, V.3.1976, I. Matoba coll. (HNCO); (Kawauchi), M, VI.26.1987, K. Mori coll. (NOCO); (Mount Yuwan-dake), 2 F, VII.10-11.1978, N. Yamamoto coll. (HNCO); M, VII.19.1979, [no collector indicated] (UNCO); M, VII.12.1979, N. Yamamoto coll. (OMNH); 4 M, 6 F, VII.15.1980, N. Yamamoto coll. (HNCO). Okinawa Prefecture: Okinawa Island (Mount Terukubi-yama, Kunigami-son), 1 M, 1 F, VII.20.1998, K. Horiuchi coll. (NOCO); M, VII.21.2007, T. Mori coll. (KMCT); F, VII.21.2007, T. Mori coll. (MMPC); 2 M, 1 F, VII.23.2008, T. Mori coll. (KMCT).</p> <p>Types, type locality. Holotype male, from Japan (Hatsuno, Amami-Ôshima Islands), originally from the T. Shibata Collection, currently deposited at KCMI. Paratype female, from Taiwan (Botel Tobago = Lanyu Island), deposited at National Museum of Nature and Science (Tokyo, Japan).</p> <p>Hayashi (1981), in the description of Parandra lanyuana, recorded: “The type designation of the paratype of P. shibatai Hayashi (1 [female symbol], Botel Tobago, off SE Formosa, April 1936, T. Kano leg., in Nat. Sci. Mus., designated by Hayashi, 1963) has to be cancelled for shibatai ”. That nomenclatural act has no base in the ICZN (1999), and also in the ICZN (1964), that was the version in force in the time in which Hayashi (1981) described P. lanyuana, in other words, the paratype female of P. shibatai remains as paratype of that species, even being of the species P. lanyuana. It is important to observe that Hayashi (1981) did not designate this paratype female of P. shibatai as paratype of P. lanyuana.</p> <p>Comments. Hayashi (1961a) was the first to record the occurrence of Parandrinae in Japan, to refer to the specimen that would be the holotype of Komiyandra shibatai, as Parandra janus. However, already on that occasion, he reported differences between those species: “The specimen seems to be somewhat different from the original species by the shape of prothorax and prosternal process, but similar to the [female symbol] reported from Botel Tobago, off SE Formosa by Kano (1939) where was the previously known northern limit of this species”. Undoubtedly, the species with which Hayashi (1961a) compared K. shibatai, is not the true Parandra janus, that is notably different, but one of the new species described in this work.</p> <p>Hayashi (1963) recorded as one of the differential characteristics between K. shibatai and K. janus, the form of the posterior angle of the prothorax that, according to the author, would be obtuse in the first one and rectangular in the second one. That character, besides being more or less variable, does not separate K. shibatai from the true K. janus (Fig. 405), whose lectotype shows the posterior angles of the prothorax identical to that of the holotype of the first one. That demonstrates that, like the authors who preceded him, Hayashi (1961 a, 1963) did not know the true K. janus (= P. janus). However, Hayashi (1961a, 1962) was correct while affirming that K. shibatai is very similar to K. formosana and K. lanyuana.</p> <p>Komiyandra shibatai differs from K. formosana by the: ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI divided by carina, complete or partial (large specimens); metatibiae enlarged, rounded in most of dorsal face; metatarsomere V (Fig. 300) not notably enlarged at basal half. In K. formosana, the sensorial area of antennomere XI never is divided by carina, the metatibiae is not notably enlarged and they are flat or sulcate on dorsal face, and metatarsomere V (Fig. 301) is distinctly enlarged at basal half. Differs from K. lanyuana by the presence of carina in ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI (large specimens), by form of metatibiae, and by form of central projection of labrum in females, that is narrow and distinctly acute at apex. In K. lanyuana, the ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI is never divided by carina, metatibiae are not notably enlarged, and central projection of labrum in females is moderately wide and slightly emarginated or truncate at apex. Finally, differs from K. uenoi by form of ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI, by form of metatibiae, and by form of central projection of labrum. In K. uenoi, ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI is similar to K. formosana and K. lanyuana, central projection of labrum is similar to K. formosana, and metatibiae are notably narrow in dorsal view.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFC4FFF866D0FE3816B53536	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFC1FFFF66D0FF18132B3496.text	975887B7FFC1FFFF66D0FF18132B3496.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra vivesi Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra vivesi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 44, 104, 174, 244, 287, 337, 441)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague, Dr. Eduard Vives, of Spain, who has extensively published on Cerambycidae, and provided important specimens for this study.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Northern Mindanao Region, Bukidnon, IV.29.2002, S. Cabigas coll. (EVCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head and of mandibles blackish; pedicel, antennomeres III-XI and legs brown.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 441). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, barely coarsely, not abundantly punctate; central area, between gibbosities and occiput, smooth; lateral areas, between gibbosities and occiput, coarsely punctate (punctures, in part, confluent); area between gibbosities and ocular carina, depressed and with some fine punctures; area close to posterior ocular edge coarsely punctate; area behind eyes coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate (punctures not confluent); ocular carina elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 441). Eyes (Fig. 104) narrow and long; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 441) very distinct. Central area of clypeus oblique close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 44) narrow and rounded at apex. Submentum depressed (mainly at central region); punctures coarse, well marked, abundant and in part confluent (mainly close to anterior margin); pilosity somewhat long, very sparse; anterior margin wide and elevated. Mandibles shorter than head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 174) placed a little after middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina (Fig. 244), well marked, slightly visible from side at apical antennomeres.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, very sparsely punctate at disc, slightly coarser and more abundant laterally and at posterior angles, and clearly coarser towards anterior angles; anterior angles very slightly projected forward, but well marked and in an almost straight angle; lateral angles absent; posterior angles obtuse and well marked; anterior edge (Fig. 441) sinuous. Basal two-thirds of elytra moderately finely and sparsely punctate close to suture, clearly coarser and more abundant laterally, becoming finer near epipleura; punctation of apical third with same pattern of distribution as the basal two-thirds, but more abundant near the suture, and with lateral punctures finer. Metasternum with punctures somewhat coarse and sparse laterally. Metafemur just short. Dorsal face of metatibia slightly rounded at basal half, and flat at apical half; in dorsal view narrow, mainly at apical half. Metatarsomere V (without claws) with the same length of I-III together (Fig. 287).</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 18.8; prothorax: length, 4.2; anterior width, 5.4; posterior width, 4.3; humeral width, 5.1; elytral length, 10.6.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra vivesi is similar to K. ohbayashii, but differs by the: anterior edge of labrum rounded (Fig. 44) at sides of the central projection; punctation of the head, of the pronotum, and of the elytra finer and sparser; eyes (Fig. 104) larger; metatarsomere I (Fig. 287) longer. In K. ohbayashii, the anterior edge of labrum (Fig. 42) is almost straight at sides of central projection, the punctation of the head, of the pronotum, and of the elytra is coarser and more abundant, and the eyes (Fig. 99) are shorter. Differs from K. nayani by the eyes longer, by the metatarsomere V (Fig. 287) shorter, and by the generally sparser punctation. In K. nayani, the eyes (Fig. 98) are shorter, the metatarsomere V (Fig. 281) is longer, and the general punctation is more abundant. Differs from K. luzonica by the lateral area of the pronotum near the anterior angles without small callosities, and by the elytral punctation coarser. In K. luzonica, the pronotal area near the anterior angles has many small callosities, and the elytral punctation is finer.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFC1FFFF66D0FF18132B3496	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFC1FFFE66D0F93811C734D6.text	975887B7FFC1FFFE66D0F93811C734D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra cabigasi Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra cabigasi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 65, 66, 113, 187, 188, 253, 296, 343, 466-468)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague, Estan (Stanley) Cabigas, who collected the type series, and provided other important specimens for this study.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Northern Mindanao Region, Misamis Oriental: Gingoog City, VI.16.2001, S. Cabigas coll. (MZSP). Paratypes (8 M, 9 F), as follows: PHILIPPINES, Northern Mindanao Region, Mindanao, Bukidnon: Impasug-ong, F, X.27.2002, S. Cabigas coll. (ECCO); M, X.27.2002, S. Cabigas coll. (ECCO); Mount Kitanglad, 3 M, V.25-VI.8.1990, D. Mohagan coll. (KMCT); F, VI.1-10.1990, D. Mohagan coll. (KMCT); F, IV.29.1991, D. Mohagan coll. (KMCT). Northern Mindanao Region, Misamis Oriental: Gingoog City, F, XII.16.2001, S. Cabigas coll. (DHCO); F, VI.16.2001, S. Cabigas coll. (SSCO). Caraga Region, Agusan del Norte: Agusan del Norte, 3 M, 2 F, VI.8.1977, R. Lumawig coll. (KMCT); F, VI.8.1977, R. Lumawig coll. (MZSP); M, VI.8.1977, R. Lumawig coll. (DHCO). Davao Region, Davao del Sur: Mount Apo, F, VI.24.1976, R. Lumawig coll. (KMCT);</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head and mandibles, scape, edges of the pronotum, elytral suture, and part of the legs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 466). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, somewhat finely and abundantly punctate; central area, between gibbosities and occiput, smooth; lateral areas, between gibbosities and occiput, coarsely punctate (punctures, in part, confluent); area between gibbosities and ocular carina, barely depressed and with some fine punctures; area close to posterior ocular edge coarsely punctate; area behind eyes coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate (punctures not confluent); ocular carina elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near the posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 466). Eyes (Fig. 113) narrow and long; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 466) very distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 65) narrow and rounded at apex. Submentum depressed; punctures coarse, well marked, abundant and in part confluent (mainly close to the anterior margin); pilosity short, very sparse; anterior margin wide and elevated. Mandibles as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 187) placed a little after middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina (Fig. 253), well marked, slightly visible from side at apical antennomeres.</p> <p>Pronotum finely punctate on disc, slightly coarser and more abundant laterally and at posterior angles, and clearly coarser towards anterior angles; anterior angles projected forward; lateral angles absent; posterior angles obtuse and well marked; anterior edge (Fig. 466) sinuous. Basal two-thirds of elytra moderately finely and sparsely punctate close to suture, clearly coarser and more abundant laterally; punctation of apical third with the same pattern of distribution as basal two-thirds, but more abundant near suture. Metasternum finely and sparsely punctate laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 467) just short. Dorsal surface of tibiae distinctly wide and rounded. Metatarsomere V (without claws) distinctly longer than I-III together (Fig. 296).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 468). Dorsal face of head, on gibbosities, finely and abundantly punctate, somewhat coarse between gibbosities and occiput, and distinctly coarser laterally, mainly behind eyes. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 66) narrow and acute at apex. Mandible (Fig. 188). Pronotum with punctation as in male, but punctation close to anterior angles distinctly finer and sparser; anterior angles projected forward; anterior edge as in male. Antennae reaching basal fourth of prothorax.</p> <p>Variability. Male: area behind eyes abundantly punctate (punctures, in part, confluent); central projection of labrum narrow and somewhat acute at apex; submentum slightly depressed; anterior angles slightly projected forward; metasternum with punctures somewhat coarse laterally. Female: central projection of labrum narrow and rounded at apex; anterior angles of pronotum slightly projected forward.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 20.5-25.3/20.5-22.0; prothorax: length, 4.8-5.8/4.5-4.8; anterior width, 5.8-7.0/5.0-5.4; posterior width, 4.6-5.8/4.6-5.0; humeral width, 5.6-7.1/ 5.7-6.3; elytral length, 12.3-14.3/12.9-13.6.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra cabigasi is similar to K. vivesi, but differs: dorsal face of tibiae distinctly wider (mainly at apical half); tarsomeres V (Fig. 296) longer. In K. vivesi, the dorsal face of tibiae is narrowed (mainly at apical half) and tarsomeres V (Fig. 287) are shorter.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFC1FFFE66D0F93811C734D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFC0FFFC66D0F8F810DA31B6.text	975887B7FFC0FFFC66D0F8F810DA31B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra nayani Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra nayani sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 40, 41, 98, 162, 163, 200, 211, 238, 281, 312, 324, 422-424)</p> <p>Parandra janus; Fisher 1935: 581; Jenis 2001: fig. 40./4.</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to Mr. Laurentius Nayan Ambu, Deputy Director of Wildlife, Sabah, Malaysia, for supporting habitat preservation and entomological fieldwork.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, Malaysia, Sabah: Mt. Trus-Madi, III.12.2004, Johan coll. (USNM). Paratypes (64 M, 44 F), as follows: MALAYSIA, Sabah: Crocker Range, M, II.12.2004, Julius coll. (LGBC); F, IV.12.2004, (JCCO); M, VI.20.2004, local coll. (EVCO); M, X.2004, local coll. (EJCO); F, IV.27.2005, (JCCO); M, V.6.2006, local coll. (AWCO); M, VII.20.2006, local coll. (DHCO); M, V.26.2007, local coll. (BMNH); M, V.26.2007, local coll. (BPBM); M, VIII.2007, S. Chew coll. (EJCO); M, F, II.2.2008, local coll. (DHCO); M, III.22.2008, local coll. (DHCO); M, III.26.2008, local coll. (DHCO); (Gunung Emas; 1600 m), 1 M, 1 F, IX.14.1997, M. Kon coll. (KMCT); 16 miles NW Keningau, 1400m, F, II.2.1982, S. Nagai coll. (NOCO); vicinity of Mt. Trus-Madi, F, III.20.2000, local coll. (DHCO); Kimanis Road (near Keningau), F, V.25.1994, (ZKCO); Mt. Trus-Madi, M, V.25.1994, Chew coll. (KMCT); F, VII.19.2002, E. Vives coll. (EVCO); 2 M, III.2003, local coll. (OMCO); M, 2004, Chew coll. (UNCO); M, III.2004, local coll. (OMCO); 2 F, III.2004, local coll. (EJCO); M, V.11.2004, Chew coll. (UNCO); F, IV.2004, (ZKCO); M, V.10.2004, Johan coll. (LGBC); 2 M. X.2004, local coll. (EJCO); F, III.3.2005, local coll. (MZSP); M, IV.2.2006, local coll. (MZSP); M, IV.20.2006, local coll. (CHKC); M, F, IV.24.2006, local coll. (CHCO); F, IV.24.2006, local coll. (DHCO); 2 M, VI.25-VII.28.2006, local coll. (LGBC); 2 M, F, VI.25-VII.28.2006, local coll. (RVCO); 3 M, F, VI.25- VII.28.2006, local coll. (GDCO); 2 M, 2 F, VI.25-VII.28.2006, local coll. (DHIC); 2 M, IV.6.2007, local coll. (DHCO); M, IV.12.2007, local coll. (DHCO); F, V.4.2007, local coll. (LGBC); 4 M, III.28.2008, local coll. (DHCO); 4 F, IV.1.2008, local coll. (DHCO); (1400 m), 1 M, 1 F, IX.17.1997, K. Maekawa coll. (KMCT); (1500 – 2000 m), M, III-V.1998, local coll. (DHCO); F, VI.25-VII.28.2006, local coll. (DHCO); Ranau, M, II.12.2004, local coll. (LGBC); M, IV.4.2006, local coll. (DHIC); 2 F, IV.10.2006, local coll. (DHCO); 2 M, IV.11.2006, local coll. (HNCO); 2 F, IV.16.2006, local coll. (DHCO); F, IV.22.2006, local coll. (GDCO); F, VI.2006, local coll. (EJCO); Tenom, 3 M, 2 F, III.16.2006, local coll. (DHCO); 2 M, F, III.16.2006, local coll. (MZSP); 2 M, III.2.2008, local coll. (DHCO); F, III.6.2008, local coll. (DHCO); 2 M, F, III.16.2006, local coll. (IRSN); M, F, III.16.2006, local coll. (TNCO); Lumu Lumu (Mount Kinabalu), F, 15.IV.1929, H. M. Pendlebury coll. (USNM); M, VIII.7.1973, M. Hihara coll. (KMCT); 3 M, Sipitang, III.8.2009, local coll. (DHCO); M, Sipitang, III.21.2009, local coll. (DHCO); M, Sipitang, III.22.2009, local coll. (DHCO); M, F, Ranau, 1200m, V.8.2009, local coll. (DHCO); M, Mt. Trus-Madi, III.14.2009, local coll. (DHCO); F, Crocker Range, 700m., IV.1.2009, local coll. (DHCO); 2 F, Crocker Range, 1000m. IV.18.2009. local coll. (DHCO); 2 F, Crocker Range, IV.2009 (EJCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; mandibles, parts of head, basal antennomeres, parts of legs, and edge of pro- and mesocoxal cavities darker.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 422). Dorsal surface of head with moderately coarse and abundant punctures, not confluent; frontal gibbosities clear, separated by a deep and wide furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina smooth and not depressed; ocular carina elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 422); area behind eyes smooth. Eyes narrow (Fig. 98); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 422) very distinct. Central area of clypeus vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 40) narrow and subacute at apex. Submentum barely depressed, with moderately large, sparse punctures; margin close to mentum moderately wide and elevated; pilosity very sparse, restricted to areas close to genae. Teeth on inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 162) placed after middle. Galea (Fig. 200) surpassing apex of second segment of maxillary palp. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI (Fig. 312) divided by low carina and not visible from side (Fig. 238).</p> <p>Pronotum microsculptured, feebly rough at latero-anterior region; center of disc finely, sparsely punctate (punctures moderately larger towards laterally); anterior edge barely sinuous; anterior angles feebly projected; lateral angles well-marked. Elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate (finer, more sparse in circumscutellar area); each elytron with two low, clearly marked carinae. Metasternum coarsely, sparsely punctate close to metepisterna. Metafemur (Fig. 423) elongated. Dorsal face of tibiae rounded. Metatarsus (Fig. 281).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 424). Dorsal furrow of head, between gibbosities, ends approximately at level of posterior edge of eyes; latero-anterior area of pronotum not microsculptured, not rough, with punctures larger than other areas. Clypeus, labrum (Fig. 41), punctures of head, of pronotum and elytra, sensorial area of antennae, submentum, elytral carinae, metafemur and dorsal face of tibiae similar to males and with same variations. Mandibles (Fig. 163) with punctures and pilosity sparser than males.</p> <p>Variability. Integument from dark-brown to brown (rarely pale-brown). Males: dorsal surface of head moderately finely punctate on gibbosities, coarser towards occiput; punctures of dorsal face of head, in part confluent; smooth area between gibbosities and ocular carinae depressed close to edge of clypeus, with or without punctures on that region; central area of clypeus oblique close to front; area behind eyes sparsely punctate; margin of submentum close to mentum not or feebly elevated at central region; submentum with sparse hair in full extension; teeth of inner margin of mandibles placed at middle; ventral sensorial area of antennae divided or not by carina on all antennomeres or only in part of them; carina of ventral sensorial area visible from sides on apical antennomeres; anterior angles of pronotum projected; lateral angles of pronotum almost obsolete; elytral carinae barely indicated. Females: dorsal furrow of head, between gibbosities, clearly surpassing posterior edge of eyes; punctures at base of outer face of mandibles coarse and confluent.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 14.1-23.5/16.9-24.7; prothorax: length, 2.9-4.9/3.3-5.0; anterior width, 3.7-6.3/3.9-5.5; posterior width, 3.1-5.3/3.5-5.4; humeral width, 3.9-6.3/ 4.5-6.9; elytral length, 8.6-13.7/10.6-15.8.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra nayani has been confused with K. janus by Fisher (1935), which is not surprising considering that nearly all species from the Philippines to New Guinea are, or were, confused with that species. See comments on K. janus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFC0FFFC66D0F8F810DA31B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFC2FFF366D0FC1817263616.text	975887B7FFC2FFF366D0FC1817263616.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra ohbayashii Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra ohbayashii sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 42, 43, 99, 164, 165, 239, 282, 332, 425-427)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague, Dr. Nobuo Ohbayashi, of Japan, who has extensively published on Cerambycidae, and provided important specimens for this study.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, PHILIPPINES, Davao Region, Mindanao, Davao del Sur: Mount Apo, X. 04.1976, T. Endo coll. (EELE). Paratypes (2 M, 1 F), as follows: PHILIPPINES, Davao Region, Mindanao, Bukidnon: Impasug-ong, M, X.19.2002 (ECCO); Lantapan, F, XII.17.2001 (ECCO); Davao del Sur: Mount Apo, M, IX.4.1976, T. Endo coll. (KMCT).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head and of mandibles, pronotal margins, epipleura and elytral suture blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 425). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and occiput coarsely, sparsely punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina barely depressed and finely, very sparsely punctate; area close to posterior ocular edge coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures not confluent); area behind eyes coarsely, abundantly punctate (in part confluent); ocular carina elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 425). Eyes narrow (Fig. 99); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 425) very distinct. Central area of clypeus vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 42) narrow and rounded at apex. Submentum barely depressed; punctation coarse, well marked, abundant and in part confluent (mainly close to anterior margin); pilosity moderately long, sparse (longer and more concentrated at central area close to anterior margin); anterior margin wide and just elevated only at lateral. Mandibles just shorter than head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 164) placed a little after middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina, well marked, not visible from side (Fig. 239).</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at disc; area close to anterior angles with punctures coarse and abundant, gradually more oblong and with edge toward outer side of pronotum elevated (these punctures not reaching margin and anterior angles); punctation of middle and posterior lateral area coarse and sparse; anterior angles not projected forward, but well marked and in an almost straight angle; lateral angles just indicated; posterior angles well marked; anterior edge (Fig. 425) barely sinuous. Elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures finer at apical third); each elytron with a single carina barely marked. Metasternum with punctures slightly coarse, sparse (finer and sparser towards metasternal suture). Metafemur (Fig. 426) moderately elongated. Dorsal surface of the tibiae flat at apical half; in dorsal view distinctly wide. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 282). Paronychium with two setae.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 427). Head narrow; dorsal face coarsely and abundantly punctate throughout, except on gibbosities where punctures are finer. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 43) narrow and acute at apex. Mandibles (Fig. 165). Distribution of punctures of pronotum as in male, but somewhat finer close to anterior angles; anterior angles distinctly projected forward; anterior edge sinuous. Antennae reaching basal fourth of prothorax.</p> <p>Variability. Integument brown to dark-brown. Male: mandibles as long as head; anterior angles slightly projected forward; each elytron with two visible carinae; dorsal face of tibiae rounded at apical half; paronychium with one seta in some tarsi.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 18.3-21.3/20.1; prothorax: length, 3.9- 4.7/4.0; anterior width, 4.9-5.8/4.8; posterior width, 3.9-4.7/4.6; humeral width, 4.8-5.6/5.7; elytral length, 10.5-12.4/12.6.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra ohbayashii is similar to K. nayani, but differs by the: anterior edge of labrum of male almost straight (Fig. 42) at sides of the central projection; elytral punctures coarser and sparser; sensorial ventral area of antennomeres III-XI with coarser and more distinct carina. In K. nayani, the anterior edge of labrum of male (Fig. 40) is rounded at sides of the central projection, the elytral punctation is finer and more abundant, and the carina of the sensorial ventral area of the antennomeres III-XI, when present, is finer and less distinct, mainly at basal antennomeres. Differs from K. luzonica by the elytral punctation coarser and more abundant, and by the lateral area of the pronotum, close to the anterior angles, without abundant callosities. In K. luzonica, the elytral punctation is clearly finer and sparser, and the lateral area of the pronotum, close to the anterior angles, has distinct callosities.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFC2FFF366D0FC1817263616	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFCDFFF166D0FBB8138930F6.text	975887B7FFCDFFF166D0FBB8138930F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra janus (Bates 1875) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra janus (Bates, 1875)</p> <p>(Fig. 31, 153, 233, 276, 338, 405-409)</p> <p>Parandra janus Bates, 1875: 47.</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) janus; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; parts of head and of mandibles blackish; legs pale-brown with apex of femurs dark-brown.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 405). Dorsal face of head, on gibbosities, coarsely and abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and occiput less coarsely and abundantly punctate; gibbosities well marked, separated by wide furrow moderately deep; area between gibbosities and ocular carina depressed, almost fully smooth; ocular carina elevated, slightly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 407); area behind eyes just coarsely, not confluently punctate, except region close to eyes that is smooth. Eyes moderately wide; posterior ocular edge prominent (Fig. 407), without abrupt declivity. Central area of clypeus strongly oblique close to front. Labrum narrow, not projected laterally; central projection of labrum (Fig. 407) narrow, subacute at apex. Submentum depressed, punctation coarse and sparse, more abundant close to clypeus; pilosity very short and very sparse; anterior edge elevated just at lateral. Teeth of inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 407) placed at apical half. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side, divided by low carina, slightly visible from side in antennomeres X-XI.</p> <p>Pronotum finely punctate at central region, gradually coarser and more abundant towards anterior and lateral margins, mainly near anterior angles; anterior edge (Fig. 407) slightly sinuous; anterior angles rounded, not projected forward; lateral angles absent; posterior angles distinct, obtuse. Elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate, gradually finer and more abundant at apical third. Metasternum with coarse and sparse punctation, finer and sparser towards metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 406) short and enlarged. omeres III-XI not visible from the side, divided by low carina, slightly visible from the si</p> <p>Female (Fig. 409). Dorsal face of head, on gibbosities, sparsely punctate; gibbosities separated by wide, shallow furrow, with punctiform depression approximately at middle. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 31) as in male. Mandible (Fig. 153). Antenna (Fig. 233). Pronotum finer and sparser than in male. Dorsal face of metatibia rounded. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 276).</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (F). Total length (including mandibles), 17.0/18.8; prothorax: length, 3.5/3.5; anterior width, 4.5/4.0; posterior width, 3.5/4.0; humeral width, 4.4/4.9; elytral length, 10.3/11.3.</p> <p>Dimensions in lines (syntypes M / F) according to Bates (1875): 11 (approximately 23.3 mm).</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 338). Indonesia (Sulawesi). Komiyandra janus has been recorded from Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Moluccas, Ternate, New Guinea - Irian Jaya), and Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao). However, we believe that this species only occurs in Sulawesi. Thus, all previous distributional records for K. janus should be disregarded, except Sulawesi.</p> <p>Material examined. INDONESIA, Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Utara, Gunung Mooat (1050m; station 062), F, J. Van Stalle coll. (IRSN); Lake Mooat (1100 m; 20 km E Kotamobagu, 124,5 oE, 1 oN, east of Dumoga Bone National Park), M, IX.12.1998, K. Maekawa coll. (KMTC).</p> <p>Types, type localities. Bates (1875) described Parandra janus based on two syntypes: “One example ([male symbol]) from Dr. Meyer’s collection, Menado [sic], Celebes; one [female symbol], Andai, New Guinea (Signor D’Albertis)”. Apparently, Bates retained the male syntype for his collection and that specimen is in MNHN. According to Cambefort (2007), Oberthür succeeded in acquiring most of the Bates Collection after his death except Endomychidae, Elateridae and perhaps those from Biologia Centrali-Americana. There is no doubt that the male specimen deposited in MNHN is the true syntype. The calligraphy of one of the handwritten labels, fixed on the specimen, agrees perfectly with that of Bates, figured in Horn and Kahle (1935: XI, 11). According to Gérard L. Tavakilian (pers. comm.) the female syntype was not found in the Collection of MNHN, and according to Horn and Kahle (1935), the D’Albertis Collection is deposited at MCGD. Despite the statement of Lameere (1902), the syntype female never was in Oberthür’s Collection, and actually belongs to MCGD.</p> <p>As alluded to in the “Geographical distribution”, we believe that the female syntype is not the same species as the male syntype. In order to guarantee the stability and identification of the species, we here designate as LECTOTYPE the male syntype, deposited at MNHN that has the following labels (Fig. 408): 1. White: Parandra janus Bates (handwritten); (handwritten male symbol); Det. K. Matsuda, 1996 (printed, except “96”);</p> <p>2. Red: Holotype (printed);</p> <p>3. Gray: Type (printed);</p> <p>4. White: Museum Paris Coll. H. W. Bates 1952 (printed);</p> <p>5. White: Janus Bates (handwritten);</p> <p>6. White: Menado Celebes (handwritten);</p> <p>7. White: Ex-Musaeo H. W. Bates 1892 (printed);</p> <p>8. Red: Lectotype (printed) – at present added by us.</p> <p>The Paralectotype female, deposited at MCGD, has the following labels:</p> <p>1. White: Andai / Ag. 1872 (handwritten); D’Albertis (printed);</p> <p>2. Salmon: SYNTYPUS (printed); Parandra janus / [female symbol] / Bates, 1875 (handwritten);</p> <p>3. White: Parandra janus Bates / teste Lameere 1902 (printed);</p> <p>4. White: Museo Civico di Genova (printed);</p> <p>5. Red: Paralectotype (printed) (added by us);</p> <p>6. Red: Paratype (printed) (added by us);</p> <p>7. White: Komiyandra menieri (added by us).</p> <p>Comments. All bibliographic citations for Parandra janus after Bates (1875) refer to different species that, at most, mentioned the localities recorded in the original description. So, it becomes unviable to mention them in the bibliographical list.</p> <p>For this study, we received many specimens incorrectly identified as Parandra janus, and unfortunately, among all these specimens only a couple related below correspond to the true K. janus. The examination of specimens identified by authors like Lameere (1902), Arigony (1984), and Hüdepohl (1990), shows that these authors confused the species and identified more than one species under the epithet “ janus ”, like Bates (1875). See comments on K. javana and K. sulawesiana.</p> <p>It is impossible to know which species Gressitt (1951, 1959) confused with K. janus. His descriptions in the keys in both works do not lead to the correct identification. However, the locality recorded by Gressitt (1951) for P. janus [“Botel-Tobago I. 5 (Kotosho), near Formosa ”], based in Kano (1938), corresponds to that of K. lanyuana.</p> <p>In general appearance, K. janus is similar to K. nayani, from which it differs by the sparser elytral punctation, and by the form of the area behind the eyes, that is very similar to that of Papuandra araucariae, this is, the smooth part close to the posterior ocular edge being large and not abruptly sloping. In K. nayani, the elytral punctation is very abundant, and the smooth area behind the eyes is smaller and abruptly sloping. Besides, the ventral sensorial area of antennomeres I-III is divided by distinct carina in K. janus. In K. nayani, the ventral sensorial area of the antennomeres is not divided by carina, or the carina is vaguely evident.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFCDFFF166D0FBB8138930F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFCFFFF066D0FCD8100B3356.text	975887B7FFCFFFF066D0FCD8100B3356.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra irianjayana Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra irianjayana sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 57, 107, 179, 247, 290, 330, 448, 449, 454)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the Indonesian province of Irian Jaya, on the island of New Guinea.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, from INDONESIA, New Guinea Island, Irian Jaya, West Papua: Fak-Fak, XII.2002, [no collector indicated] (MZSP – donated by Ziro Komiya).</p> <p>Description. Integument brown; parts of head and of mandibles, margins of pronotum and of scutellum, elytral suture and extreme apex of the femurs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 448). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities and between that and occiput, coarsely and abundantly punctuate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina strongly depressed, smooth (Fig. 454); area behind eyes with punctures similar to those of dorsal surface of head, sparser close to eyes; ocular carina elevated, clearly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 454); area between bifurcation of ocular carina and eyes coarsely and abundantly punctate (Fig. 454). Eyes narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 107) very distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 57) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum slightly depressed; punctation coarse and sparse, more abundant close to anterior edge; pilosity short, sparse; anterior edge wide, elevated throughout. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 179) placed at middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 247), and not divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at central region, and gradually coarser and more abundantly punctate laterally, mainly close to anterior angles (Fig. 454); anterior edge concave at central region; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles well marked, rounded; posterior angles distinct, obtuse. Elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate, mainly laterally of anterior two-thirds; each elytron with two clearly marked carinae. Metafemur (Fig. 449) moderately narrow and elongated. Dorsal face of metatibia rounded at basal half, and flat at apical half; in dorsal view, notably narrow. Metatarsomere I notably tumid, wide in lateral view (Fig. 290); metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 290).</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 20.4; prothorax: length, 4.4; anterior width, 5.5; posterior width, 4.4; humeral width, 5.3; elytral length, 11.0.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra irianjayana is similar to K. menieri and K. philippinensis. It differs from the first, mainly, by the longer metafemur (Fig. 449), by the metatibia clearly narrow in dorsal view, and by the metatarsomere I notably tumid, wide in lateral view (Fig. 290). In K. menieri, the metafemur is shorter (Fig. 451), the metatibia is not clearly narrow in dorsal view, and the metatarsomere I is not tumid, and is narrow in lateral view (Fig. 291). From K. philippinensis, differs by the punctation coarse and abundant in the area close to the bifurcation of the ocular carina (Fig. 454), by the outer face of the ocular carina, close to the anterior ocular edge, with punctures moderately coarse and abundant, and by the punctation coarser and more abundant at pronotal lateral. In K. philippinensis, the punctation of the area close to the bifurcation of the ocular carina (Fig. 453), of the outer face of the ocular carina, and of the pronotal lateral is finer and sparser.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFCFFFF066D0FCD8100B3356	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFCEFFF766D0FE7813DF32D6.text	975887B7FFCEFFF766D0FE7813DF32D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra lombokia Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra lombokia sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 53, 54, 105, 175, 176, 245, 288, 340, 442-444)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the island of Lombok, Indonesia.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, from INDONESIA, East Nusa Tenggara: Lombok (Mount Rinjani), X-XI.1995, native coll. (MZSP – donated by Ziro Komiya). Paratypes (12 M, 8 F), as follows: INDONESIA, East Nusa Tenggara: Lombok (Mount Rinjani), M, X.1995, native coll. (ZKCO); F, X.1995, native coll. (MZSP); 3 M, F, X-XI.1995, native coll. (ZKCO); M, X-XI.1995, native coll. (DHCO); M, X-XI.1995, native coll. (MZSP); M, X-XI.1995, native coll. (KMCT); 1 M, 2 F, I.1996, [no collector indicated] (KMCT); Sumbawa Island, 4 M, 3 F, X.1995, (ZKCO); Sumbawa Island, F, X.1995, (DHCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; parts of head and of mandibles, scape, and apical extreme of the femurs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 442). Head wide; dorsal surface, on gibbosities, finely and moderately abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and occiput finely, sparsely punctate; gibbosities well marked, separated by a deep and wide furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina with depression well marked, smooth; ocular carina strongly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 442); area behind eyes sparsely punctate, with short and sparse hair. Eyes narrow (Fig. 105); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 442) very distinct. Central area of clypeus vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 53) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum depressed, slightly vermiculate, and oblong, shallow, coarsely punctate; pilosity short, sparse; anterior margin wide, elevated throughout, with hair just long and moderately abundant. Inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 175) with two large teeth, together protracted, placed approximately in middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side, and not divided by carina (Fig. 245).</p> <p>Pronotum finely punctate at central region, clearly coarser laterally, mainly close to anterior angles; anterior edge (Fig. 442) slightly sinuous; anterior angles rounded and just projected forward; lateral angles marked, rounded; posterior angles distinct, obtuse. Anterior two-thirds of elytra finely, sparsely punctate near suture, and more abundant laterally; apical third finely and abundantly punctate; each elytron with two carinae. Metasternum with punctures just coarse and abundant close to metepisternum and metacoxae, gradually finer towards metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 443) short, enlarged. Dorsal face of tibiae rounded at basal two-thirds, flat at apical third. Metatarsus (without claws) shorter than metatibiae; metatarsomere V (Fig. 288) longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 444). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 54) moderately narrow, rounded. Ocular carina not bifurcated. Inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 176) with two large teeth together protracted, but less distinct than in males.</p> <p>Variability. Integument varies from brown to dark-brown. Male: area between gibbosities of head and occiput with punctures slightly coarser than in gibbosities, moderately abundant or not; gibbosities of dorsal face of head separated by narrow furrow; depression between gibbosities and ocular carina finely, sparsely punctate, mainly at anterior area; area behind eyes glabrous; central area of clypeus oblique close to front; anterior edge of pronotum straight or barely convex at central region; anterior angles of pronotum not projected forwards.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 20.0-26.0/19.5-24.7; prothorax: length, 4.5-5.6/4.0-5.3; anterior width, 5.5-7.3/5.1-6.2; posterior width, 4.7-6.0/5.0-6.0; humeral width, 5.8-7.3/ 5.8-7.4; elytral length, 11.6-14.5/12.5-15.6.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra lombokia is similar to K. javana, but differs, mainly, by the clearly finer elytral punctation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFCEFFF766D0FE7813DF32D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFC9FFF766D0FEF813AB37F6.text	975887B7FFC9FFF766D0FEF813AB37F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra drumonti Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra drumonti sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 64, 112, 186, 252, 295, 318, 463-465)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague, Mr. Alain Drumont, of Belgium, who has extensively published on Cerambycidae, and provided important specimens for this study.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East Sepik: Maprik, 5.XI.1995, [no collector indicated] (MZSP – donated by Ziro Komiya).</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; elytra slightly lighter; parts of head and of mandibles, and margins of pronotum blackish; margins of scutellum and elytral suture very dark-brown.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 463). Dorsal face of head coarsely, abundantly punctate, mainly on gibbosities; area between gibbosities and ocular carina clearly depressed, punctate at anterior and posterior third; ocular carina elevated, clearly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 463); area behind eyes with coarse and somewhat sparse punctation. Eyes (Fig. 112) moderately narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 463) distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 64) wide (probably truncate at apex). Submentum depressed, transversally vermiculate; coarsely and moderately abundantly punctate; pilosity short and sparse; anterior edge elevated throughout. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 186) placed approximately at middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side, and not divided by carina (Fig. 252).</p> <p>Pronotum punctation fine and sparse in middle region, gradually coarser and more abundant laterally, mainly near anterior angles; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles barely marked; posterior angles obtuse. Elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate, coarser and more abundant laterally of anterior two-thirds, and more abundant at apical third; each elytron with two carinae barely marked. Metasternum coarsely and abundantly punctate laterally and area close to metacoxae, gradually finer and sparser towards the metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 464) short and enlarged. Dorsal face of metatibia flat. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 295).</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 22.5; prothorax: length, 4.8; anterior width, 5.9; posterior width, 4.9; humeral width, 5.9; elytral length, 12.4.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra drumonti is similar, in general aspect, to K. philippinensis (Fig. 431), K. javana (Fig. 419), K. niisatoi (Fig. 460), K. mindoro and K. menieri (Fig. 450). It differs from all them, principally, by the more flattened elytra, and by the body clearly compressed dorsoventrally (Fig. 465). In K. philippinensis, for example, the elytra are more convex, and the body is not compressed dorsoventrally (Fig. 433).</p> <p>The teeth of the inner margin on both mandibles, and the apex of the central projection of labrum are broken in the holotype.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFC9FFF766D0FEF813AB37F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFC9FFF566D0F9D811573636.text	975887B7FFC9FFF566D0F9D811573636.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra formosana (Miwa and Mitono 1939) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra formosana (Miwa and Mitono, 1939)</p> <p>(Fig. 34, 35, 95, 156, 157, 235, 278, 301, 306, 307, 320, 413-415)</p> <p>Parandra janus; Matsushita 1933: 161.</p> <p>Parandra formosana Miwa and Mitono, 1939: 92; Arigony 1984: 89; Hayashi et al. 1988: 166; Yu et al. 2002: 74, pl. 1, fig. 6a-6b.</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) formosana; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of the head, mandibles, scape, margins of the pronotum, epipleura and elytral suture, and parts of the legs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 413). Dorsal face of head, on the gibbosities, coarsely and moderately abundantly punctate; longitudinal depression between gibbosities smooth; area behind gibbosities with transverse region almost smooth, interrupted in middle by punctures as coarse as on the gibbosities, and with the same kind of punctures, somewhat sparse, between that region and the occiput; area between gibbosities and ocular carina distinctly depressed, and with some punctures at anterior part of that depression; area behind the area depressed, coarsely punctate (punctures partially confluent); area behind the eyes coarsely and sparsely punctate; ocular carina elevated, distinctly bifurcated in “Y” near the posterior edge of the eyes (Fig. 413); punctation behind bifurcation of ocular carina coarse and anastomosed. Eyes (Fig. 95) moderately narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 413) distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to the front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 34) wide, truncate at apex, and with a small triangular projection in its middle. Submentum depressed from middle to anterior edge; punctation moderately coarse and sparse; pilosity short and sparse (longer and more abundant towards anterior edge); anterior edge elevated throughout, more distinctly laterally. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 156) placed around middle. Antennae reaching posterior angles of prothorax; ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 235), and not divided by carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI moderately small, narrow and elliptical.</p> <p>Lateral margins of prothorax subparallel at anterior two-thirds towards anterior angles. Pronotum moderately finely and abundantly punctate at central region, gradually coarser laterally, mainly close to anterior angles; lateral area microsculptured, more distinctly close to anterior angles; anterior edge sinuous; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles not marked; posterior angles well marked. Basal two-thirds of elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate, mainly laterally on basal third and across medial third; punctation of apical third just finer, more abundant and concentrated; each elytron with two carinae well marked. Metasternum with punctures just coarse, moderately abundant laterally, gradually finer and sparser towards the metasternal suture. Metafemur moderately short. Dorsal face of metatibia slightly rounded at basal half, and slightly sulcate at apical half; in dorsal view moderately wide. Metatarsomere V (without claws) slightly longer than I-III together (Fig. 278); in dorsal view (Fig. 301) distinctly enlarged at basal half.</p> <p>Male genitalia: median lobe long, forming a flattened tube, with two elongate struts at base, apex widely rounded and distinctly incised at middle (Fig. 307); parameres long, forming a ring, with a pair of pointed processes, separate near their base in dorsal view, apical lobes short and wide, stout relatively wide (Fig. 306).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 415). Head moderately narrow; dorsal face coarsely and abundantly punctate throughout. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 35) narrow and rounded at apex. Mandible (Fig. 157). Pronotum with punctation as in male, but microsculptured lateral area not evident; anterior angles more projected than in male; anterior edge sinuous. Antennae almost reaching posterior angles of prothorax. Metafemur (Fig. 414) moderately short.</p> <p>Variability. Male and female: elytral carinae visible.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 15.9-22.2/21.7; prothorax: length, 3.9- 4.6/4.4; anterior width, 4.6-5.8/5.6; posterior width, 3.8-4.5/4.7; humeral width, 4.6-6.0/6.3; elytral length, 10.4-12.6/13.5.</p> <p>Geographical distribution. Taiwan.</p> <p>Material examined. TAIWAN, Kaohsiung: Liukuei, M, IX.27.1984, W. L. Chen coll. (HNCO); Mount Chuyunshan, M, VI.5.1999, Chen Changging coll. (CCCO); M, V.2000, WenShing Lim coll. (NOCO); Shanping, M, X.15.1988, C. L. Cen coll. (HNCO); Taiyuan-shan, M, VIII.10.1987, W. C. Raw coll. (HNCO). Nantou: Puli, M, (ex-Collection Hajime Yokoyama), V.1.1973 (OMNH). Specimen examined through photographs taken by Dr. Mei-Ling Chan (NMNS): TAIWAN, Kaohsiung: Shanping, F, 6-VII-1997, Z. A. Liao coll. (NMNS).</p> <p>Types, type-localities. Two female syntypes from Taiwan (Bandaisya near Musya). Gressitt (1951) stated that Mitono’s Collection is deposited at TARI. However, Dr. Chi-Feng Lee (personal comm.) stated that he has not found the types of this species at TARI.</p> <p>Comments. Miwa and Mitono (1939) recorded: “It may be regarded that this species agrees with the one reported from Formosa as P. janus, by A. Lameere”. However, Lameere (1902), when redescribing the species that he incorrectly believed to be P. janus, did not record it from Taiwan: “…provenant de la Nouvelle-Guinée occidentale (Hatam et Andai) et de Ternate, et ceux de Java …Bates la cite encore de Célèbes et van Lansberge de Céram”. It was only in Lameere (1912) that that author recorded Taiwan as a distribution area for P. janus: “M. Boppe m’en a communiqué um exemplaire de Formose”. Besides, Parandra janus sensu Lameere (1902) is not the species described by Bates, but instead, K. javana. Therefore, the redescription presented by that author does not correspond to K. janus or K. formosana. We believe that it is incorrect to affirm that K. formosana agrees with the species redescribed by Lameere (1902, 1912), although, probably, the species from Taiwan examined by Lameere corresponded to K. formosana.</p> <p>Hayashi (1963) was the first to record Parandra formosana from the Ryukyu Islands based on a male from Omotodake (Ishigaki Island, Yayeyama Islands). We believe that K. formosana does not occur in the Ryukyu Islands, and that Hayashi was actually examining K. uenoi. Thus, K. formosana should be excluded from the Japanese fauna. Apparently, the misidentification of the male from the Ryukyu Islands is based on the elytral carinae that are well marked in both K. formosana and K. uenoi. The authors believe the distribution of K. formosana is restricted to Taiwan.</p> <p>Samuelson and Gressitt (1965) followed the opinion of Hayashi (1963), and recorded K. formosana from “Ryukyus (Ishigaki)”. The key presented by those authors, to separate the species known from the Ryukyu Islands, correctly separates K. shibatai from K. uenoi (incorrectly pointed out as K. formosana).</p> <p>Komiyandra formosana differs from K. uenoi, mainly by the: head of female proportionally larger (Fig. 415); central projection of labrum of female narrow and rounded at apex (Fig. 35); metatibiae distinctly wider in dorsal view; metatarsomere V distinctly enlarged at basal half (Fig. 301). In K. uenoi, the head of female is proportionally smaller (Fig. 480), central projection of labrum of female is truncate at apex (Fig. 73), metatibiae are narrow in dorsal view, and metatarsomere V is not enlarged at basal half (Fig. 303).</p> <p>See comments on K. shibatai and K. lanyuana.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFC9FFF566D0F9D811573636	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFCBFFF466D0FB98107333F6.text	975887B7FFCBFFF466D0FB98107333F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra mindoro Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra mindoro sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 61, 110, 183, 250, 293, 346, 458, 459)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the island of Mindoro in the Philippines (noun in apposition).</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, PHILIPPINES, Mimaropa Region, Mindoro, Oriental Mindoro: Mount Halcon, VI.2007, [no collector indicated] (MZSP – donated by Ziro Komiya). Paratype (1 M), same data as holotype (ZKCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument very dark-brown; head and mandibles black.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 458). Dorsal face of head, on gibbosities and between that and occiput, moderately, coarsely and abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina clearly depressed, with punctures somewhat coarse and sparse near clypeus; ocular carina elevated, clearly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 458). Eyes (Fig. 110) moderately narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 458) very distinct. Central area of clypeus vertical, with strong depressions laterally. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 61) wide and slightly rounded at apex. Submentum depressed; coarse and only sparse punctation; pilosity moderately long and sparse; anterior edge elevated throughout. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 183) placed at apical half. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side, and not divided by carina (Fig. 250).</p> <p>Pronotum convex, including basal third, with punctures just fine and moderately abundant at central region, coarser and more abundant laterally, mainly near anterior angles; anterior edge sinuous; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles rounded, barely marked; posterior angles distinct, almost in right angle. Elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate at basal two-thirds, finer and more abundant at apical third; each elytron with two carinae. Metasternum coarsely, moderately punctate laterally, and finer, sparser towards metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 459) slightly enlarged. Dorsal face of metatibia flat. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 293).</p> <p>Variability. Central projection of labrum wide and truncate at apex.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 19.1-20.4; prothorax: length, 4.2-4.4; anterior width, 5.1-5.2; posterior width, 4.3-4.7; humeral width, 5.1-5.7; elytral length, 10.7-11.9.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra mindoro is similar to K. philippinensis (Fig. 431), from which it differs by the integument almost blackish, and by the presence of depressions laterally to the vertical area of the clypeus. In K. philippinensis, the integument is lighter brown, and there are not depressions laterally to the vertical area of the clypeus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFCBFFF466D0FB98107333F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFCAFFCB66D0FDD816AF32F1.text	975887B7FFCAFFCB66D0FDD816AF32F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra poggii Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra poggii sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 70, 71, 116, 192, 193, 255, 298, 323, 475-477)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to Dr. Roberto Poggi (MCGD), for his assistance and the loan of material for this study, especially the syntype female of Parandra janus.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M from INDONESIA, Sumatra (Province of North Sumatra): Sikulikap Waterfall, III.25.1997, Y. Johki and K. Araya coll.. (MZBI). Paratype F, same data as holotype (KMCT).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; mandibles, parts of head, parts of legs and pronotal edges blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 475). Head wide; dorsal surface, on gibbosities, moderately coarsely punctate; area between gibbosities and occiput with fine and somewhat sparse punctures, and a large and smooth area below each gibbosity; frontal gibbosities well marked, separated by deep and wide furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina smooth and depressed, but with some punctures near clypeus; ocular carina elevated, distinctly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 475); area behind bifurcation of ocular carina with punctures coarse, abundant and anastomosed; area behind eyes smooth close to ocular edge and sparsely and coarsely punctate towards occiput. Eyes (Fig. 116) narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 475) distinct. Central area of clypeus oblique close to front. Central area of labrum distinctly tumid and with tuberculiform process frontally; central projection of labrum (Fig. 70) wide, truncate and not notably projected at apex, that is strongly lowered, or situated at a lower elevation than the rest of the labrum. Submentum barely depressed, with moderately large, abundant punctures; margin close to mentum moderately wide and elevated; pilosity sparse. Teeth of inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 192) placed at middle, together projected; area latero-dorsal between middle of dorsal carina and apex almost flat. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not divided by carina and not visible from the side (Fig. 255).</p> <p>Pronotum coarsely and somewhat abundantly punctate at sides (mainly at anterior half); center of disc finely, sparsely punctate; anterior edge (Fig. 475) not sinuous; anterior angles feebly projected forward; lateral angles barely marked; posterior angles marked. Elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate, more sparsely around scutellum; each elytron with two carinae not well marked. Metasternum coarsely punctate laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 476) elongate. Dorsal face of metatibiae rounded at base and gradually leveled towards apex. Metatarsomere V (Fig. 298) as long as I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 477). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 71) narrow and truncate. Ocular carina not bifurcated. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI and submentum as in male. Mandibles (Fig. 193) with dorsal carina distinct only at basal third.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 19.1; prothorax: length, 3.9; anterior width, 5.0; posterior width, 4.1; humeral width, 5.2; elytral length, 11.1. The paratype female was not measured because it is severely damaged and deformed.</p> <p>Comments. Male of K. poggii differs from male K. javana (Fig. 419) by the: central area of labrum distinctly tumid and with tuberculiform process frontally; central projection of labrum not notably projected at apex, and strongly lowered (Fig. 70). In male of K. javana, the central area of labrum is not tumid and without tuberculiform process, and the central projection of labrum (Fig. 38) is distinctly projected at apex, and is not lowered.</p> <p>The form of the labrum differentiates K. poggii from all other species of the genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFCAFFCB66D0FDD816AF32F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF5FFCA66D0FED8161D33F6.text	975887B7FFF5FFCA66D0FED8161D33F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra koni Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra koni sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 67, 68, 114, 189, 190, 256, 297, 323, 469-472)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to Dr. Masahiro Kon of the University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan, for collecting and providing specimens used in this work.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M (ex-Collection R. Oberthür), INDONESIA, West Kalimantan: Pontianak, 1901, (no collector indicated) (MNHN). Paratypes (3 M, 2 F), as follows: Malaysia, Sabah: Crocker Range (1100 m), M, V.4.1994, Chew leg. (MZSP); (near Keningau), F, VI.1999, local collector (KMCT); (1000- 1400 m; near Keningau), F, VI.26.1988, [no collector indicated] (DHCO); Mount Trus Madi, M, VI.18.1994, Chew coll. (KMCT); Kimanis Road (near Keningau), M, V.25.1994, [no collector indicated] (ZKCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head, mandibles, margins of pronotum, epipleura, elytral suture, and parts of legs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 469). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, coarsely and abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and occiput coarsely and somewhat sparser than on gibbosities; area between gibbosities and ocular carina strongly depressed, coarsely punctate (mainly towards the clypeus); area behind eyes coarsely and moderately sparsely punctate; ocular carina elevated, bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 469). Eyes narrow (Fig. 114); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 469) very distinct. Central area of clypeus oblique close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 67) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum moderately depressed; punctation coarse, well defined and more abundant toward mentum; pilosity moderately long, sparse; anterior margin wide and elevated throughout (somewhat depressed at middle). Mandibles shorter than head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 189) placed around middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side, and not divided by carina (Fig. 256).</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate on disc, and distinctly coarser laterally; anterior angles not projected forward, rounded; lateral angles just indicated; posterior angles well marked; anterior edge (Fig. 469) barely sinuous. Elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate (punctures finer at apical third and at anterior two-thirds near suture); each elytron with two vague carinae. Metasternum with punctures coarse and moderately abundant laterally, finer and sparser toward metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 470) moderately elongated. Dorsal surface of metatibiae flat. Metatarsomere V (without claws) as long as I-III together (Fig. 297).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 472). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 68) somewhat wide and subtruncate at apex. Mandibles (Fig. 68).</p> <p>Variability. Integument from pale-brown to dark-brown; punctation on the gibbosities of dorsal face of head moderately sparse; area between the gibbosities of dorsal face of head and ocular carina almost impunctate; bifurcation of ocular carina slightly indicated; elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate in basal two-thirds including area near suture.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 15.1-21.9/19.0-20.3; prothorax: length, 3.2-4.5/3.7-4.1; anterior width, 3.9-5.4/4.4-4.7; posterior width, 3.3-4.2/4.0-4.3; humeral width, 3.8-5.9/ 5.0-5.6; elytral length, 9.1-11.9/11.7-12.7.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra koni is similar to K. philippinensis (Fig. 431), but differs by the: head somewhat elongated behind eyes (Fig. 469); pronotum and elytra slightly flatter (Fig. 471); urosternites more distinctly punctate (Fig. 479). In K. philippinensis, head is not elongated behind eyes (Fig. 453), pronotum and elytra are more convex (Fig. 433), and urosternites are less distinctly punctate (Fig. 432). It differs from K. javana (Fig. 419), K. mehli (Fig. 438), and K. sangihe (Fig. 456), among others differences, by urosternites more distinctly punctate. From K. drumonti (Fig. 465), it differs by the body less depressed (Fig. 471), and by the bifurcation of ocular carina less marked. From K. mindoro (Fig. 458), it differs by the body more depressed, by the integument less dark, and by bifurcation of ocular carina less marked. Differs from K. niisatoi (Fig. 460) by body somewhat more depressed and by antennomeres larger. Differs from K. lombokia (Fig. 442) by elytra distinctly more strongly punctate. From K. irianjayana (Fig. 290), it differs by metatarsomere I not enlarged (Fig. 297), by the pronotum less strongly punctate close to anterior angles, and by body slightly more depressed. Differs from K. mindanao (Fig. 435) by body more depressed, and by metafemur slender and longer. From K. menieri (Fig. 450) differs by body more depressed, by antennomeres larger, and by pronotum less punctate laterally. From K. formosana (Fig. 413) it differs by metatarsomere V narrowed at basal half (dorsal view). From K. shibatai (Fig. 410) it differs by two-thirds of the lateral margins of the pronotum parallel. Differs from K. lanyuana (Fig. 416) by tibia more distinctly sulcate laterally, and by body more depressed. Finally, it differs from K. uenoi (Fig. 478) by body more depressed, and by metatibiae more distinctly sulcated laterally.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF5FFCA66D0FED8161D33F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF4FFCA66D0FDD811BB3556.text	975887B7FFF4FFCA66D0FDD811BB3556.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra johkii Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra johkii sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 69, 115, 191, 254, 323, 473, 474)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to Mr. Yutaka Johki, Showa Women’s University, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan for his assistance in providing specimens used in our work.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, Malaysia, Sabah: Mamut (1300 m), VIII.13.1987, M. Kon coll. (UMSM).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head, mandibles, margins of pronotum, epipleura, elytral suture, and parts of legs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 473). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, somewhat coarsely and abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and occiput with the same kind of punctures as those on the gibbosities, but sparser; area between gibbosities and ocular carina slightly depressed, somewhat finely punctate near clypeus; area behind eyes coarsely and moderately sparsely punctate; ocular carina elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 473), but with confluent punctures in the area where usually there is the bifurcation. Eyes narrow (Fig. 115); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 473) very distinct. Central area of clypeus oblique close to front. Labrum somewhat convex centrally; central projection (Fig. 69) wide and rounded at apex. Submentum moderately depressed; punctation moderately coarse, well defined and more abundant near mentum; pilosity moderately long, sparse; anterior margin wide and elevated throughout. Mandibles shorter than head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 191) placed around middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side, and not divided by carina (Fig. 254).</p> <p>Pronotum moderately finely, sparsely punctate on disc, and distinctly coarser laterally, where the surface is distinctly microsculptured and granulated; anterior angles slightly projected forward, rounded; lateral angles just indicated; posterior angles well marked; anterior edge (Fig. 473) barely sinuous. Elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate (punctures finer at apical third and at anterior two-thirds near suture); each elytron with two vague carinae. Metasternum with punctures coarse and moderately abundant laterally, finer and sparser toward metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 474) moderately elongated. Urosternites abundantly punctate. Dorsal surface of metatibiae rounded; laterally not longitudinally sulcated.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 16.3; prothorax: length, 3.4; anterior width, 4.2; posterior width, 3.4; humeral width, 4.3; elytral length, 10.0.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra johkii differs from K. koni male (Fig. 469) by the: pronotum distinctly granulated laterally (mainly close to the anterior angles); ocular carina not bifurcated in “Y’ near posterior edge of eyes; labrum somewhat convex centrally and with central projection rounded at apex (Fig. 69); tibiae rounded dorsally and not sulcated laterally. In male of K. koni, the pronotum is not granulated laterally or the granules are just indicated, the ocular carina is distinctly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes or, at least, the bifurcation is indicated, the labrum is flat centrally and the central projection is truncated (Fig. 67), and the tibiae is flat dorsally and distinctly sulcated laterally.</p> <p>The holotype is damaged: lacking antennomere XI of right antenna; lacking antennomeres VIII-XI of left antenna; lacking tarsus of right front leg; lacking tarsomere V of left front leg; right middle leg without 2/3 of tibia and without tarsus; left tibia without metatarsomere V; right hind leg without tibia and tarsus; left hind leg without 2/3 of tibia and without tarsus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF4FFCA66D0FDD811BB3556	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF7FFC966D0FF1810F33496.text	975887B7FFF7FFC966D0FF1810F33496.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra niisatoi Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra niisatoi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 62, 63, 111, 184, 185, 251, 294, 338, 460-462)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague, Dr. Tatsuya Niisato, of Japan, who has extensively published on Cerambycidae, and provided important specimens for this study.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, INDONESIA, Sulawesi, West Sulawesi: between Tabone and Mamasa, II.2001, (MZSP – donated by Ziro Komiya). Paratype (2 M, 2 F), as follows: INDONESIA, Sulawesi, North Sulawesi: Tondano, M, III.1985, (no collector indicated) (ZKCO); 1 M, 1 F, III.1985, (no collector indicated) (KMCT); Utara, Dumoga-Bone National Park (Sub-camp Edwards; 1140m), F, X.1985, J. Van Stalle coll. (IRSN).</p> <p>Description. Integument very dark-brown; head and mandibles almost fully black.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 460). Dorsal face of head, on gibbosities, moderately, coarsely and abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and occiput with punctures similar to that on gibbosities, but with an impunctate area at each side of central region; area between gibbosities and ocular carina clearly depressed, almost fully smooth; ocular carina elevated, clearly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 460). Eyes (Fig. 111) moderately narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 460) very distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical, with lateral depressions. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 62) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum depressed; somewhat coarsely, sparsely punctate; pilosity short and very sparse; anterior edge elevated throughout. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 184) placed approximately at middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 251), and not divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at central region, clearly coarser and more abundant laterally, mainly near anterior angles; anterior edge slightly sinuous; anterior angles not projected forward; lateral angles marked and widely obtuse; posterior angles obtuse. Basal two-thirds of elytra with punctures barely coarse near suture, and coarser and more abundant laterally; apical third with punctures just barely coarse and abundant; each elytron with two carinae. Metasternum punctation coarse and moderately sparse laterally, finer and sparser towards the metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 461) moderately narrow and elongated. Dorsal face of metatibia flat. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 294).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 462). Central region of the clypeus, close to front, strongly oblique, without depressions at sides. Central area of head, between the gibbosities and occiput fully punctate. Central projection of labrum as in Fig. 63. Mandibles as in Fig. 185.</p> <p>Variability. Male: central projection of labrum wide and truncate at apex. Female: head and mandibles dark-brown with blackish areas.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 22.5/21.0; prothorax: length, 4.6/4.1; anterior width, 5.7/4.8; posterior width, 4.4/4.6; humeral width, 5.7/5.9; elytral length, 12.5/13.0.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra niisatoi is similar to K. javana (Fig. 419, 421). It differs by the: integument darker; ocular carina clearly bifurcated near the posterior edge of the eyes; central area of the clypeus of the male, close to the front, with depressions at the sides; central area of the clypeus of females strongly oblique. In K. javana, the integument is lighter brown, the ocular carina is not bifurcated or the bifurcation is barely indicated, the clypeus of males, close to the front, has no depressions to the sides, and in females, the central area of the clypeus is less oblique. It differs from K. philippinensis, mainly, by the darker integument and slimmer body.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF7FFC966D0FF1810F33496	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF7FFCF66D0F938103933D6.text	975887B7FFF7FFCF66D0F938103933D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra mehli Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra mehli sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 51, 52, 103, 172, 173, 243, 286, 335, 438-440)</p> <p>Parandra janus (part); Lansberge 1884: 135.</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague, Mr. Ole Mehl, of Denmark, who collected the type series and provided important specimens for our work.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, from INDONESIA, Maluku Province: Seram (Maluku; Elamata, 500 m, Manusela National Park), X.23.1998, Ole Mehl coll. (OMCO). Paratypes (3 M, 3 F), as follows: 1 M, 2 F, same data of holotype (OMCO); M, same data as holotype (MZSP); F, same data as holotype (DHCO); Lumute, M, XI.21-30.1989, K. Fujita coll. (KMCT).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; mandibles, parts of head, parts of legs, and edge of the pro- and mesocoxal cavities darker.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 438). Head moderately wide; dorsal surface, on gibbosities, with fine and moderately abundant punctures, not confluent; area between gibbosities and occiput with coarse punctures; area close to eyes with large confluent punctures; frontal gibbosities well marked, separated by a deep and wide furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina smooth and depressed; ocular carina elevated, bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 438); area behind eyes smooth. Eyes narrow (Fig. 103); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 438) distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 51) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum barely depressed, with large, shallow and moderately abundant punctures; margin close to mentum moderately wide and elevated; pilosity sparse, present throughout. Teeth of inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 172) placed at middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not divided by carina (Fig. 243) and not visible from side.</p> <p>Pronotum coarsely and abundantly punctate at sides (mainly in anterior half); center of disc finely, sparsely punctate; anterior edge (Fig. 438) clearly sinuous; anterior angles projected forward; lateral angles barely marked; posterior angles marked, obtuse and distinct. Elytra somewhat coarsely, abundantly punctate (finer, sparser in circum-scutellar area); elytral carinae barely marked. Metasternum moderately, coarsely punctate laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 439) elongated. Dorsal face of tibiae flat at basal half, barely furrowed at apical half. Metatarsus (without claws) approximately as long as metatibia; metatarsomere V longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 440). Smooth area of head, between gibbosities and ocular carina, barely depressed; punctures on gibbosities coarser than in males; punctures between the gibbosities and occiput more abundant than in male. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 52) narrow and rounded. Ocular carina not bifurcated. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI and submentum as in male. Mandibles (Fig. 173) with punctures and pilosity more sparse than in male. Pronotal punctures as in male; anterior angles clearly projected forward. Elytral punctures, elytral carinae, and dorsal face of tibiae as in male, and with the same variations.</p> <p>Variability. Integument from dark-brown to brown. Males: dorsal surface of head, between gibbosities and occiput, with punctures barely coarse; dorsal face of head close to eyes with coarse punctures, not confluent; bifurcation in “Y” of ocular carina barely marked; area behind eyes with coarse and sparse punctures; central area of clypeus vertical close to front; anterior margin of pronotum barely sinuous; anterior angles of pronotum barely projected forward; elytral carinae well marked; dorsal surface of tibiae rounded throughout. Female: punctures of dorsal surface of head, between gibbosities and occiput, as in males; central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front; apex of labrum moderately wide and truncate; punctures of sides of pronotum slightly more sparse than in males.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 17.5-19.7/16.9-20.8; prothorax: length, 3.8-4.4/3.5-4.3; anterior width, 4.5-5.4/4.2-5.1; posterior width, 3.7-4.6/3.6-4.6; humeral width, 4.5-5.4/ 4.6-5.5; elytral length, 9.5-11.2/10.2-12.1.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra mehli differs from K. shibatai, K. lanyuana, and K. formosana, by the head (Fig. 438, 440), in general, longer behind the eyes, and by the antennae, in both sexes, proportionally shorter (length equals to 1.1 times the pronotal length in the central region). In K. shibatai, K. lanyuana and K. formosana, the head (Fig. 410, 412, 413, 415, 416, 418) is shorter after the eyes, and the antennae are proportionally longer (length, at least, 1.2 times the pronotal length in the central region).</p> <p>Differs from K. philippinensis by the punctures of the dorsal surface of head, coarse and in general confluent at the area near the eyes (area of the bifurcation), and by the meso- and metatarsomeres (Fig. 286) shorter. In K. philippinensis, the punctation of the dorsal surface of the head is finer and sparser, and the meso- and metatarsomeres (Fig. 284) are longer.</p> <p>From K. nayani and K. ohbayashii, differs mainly by the apex of labrum of the males wide and truncate (narrow and subacute in K. nayani, and narrow and rounded or subtruncate in K. ohbayashii).</p> <p>Differs from K. luzonica and K. janus by the apex of labrum of the males (Fig. 51) wide and truncate, and by the sensorial area of antennae not carinate. In K. luzonica and K. janus, the apex of labrum of the male (Fig. 407) is narrow and subacute, and the sensorial area of antennae is clearly carinate.</p> <p>See comments on K. javana.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF7FFCF66D0F938103933D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF1FFCD66D0FDF8136D32D6.text	975887B7FFF1FFCD66D0FDF8136D32D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra javana Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra javana sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 38, 39, 97, 160, 161, 196, 237, 280, 313, 328, 419-420)</p> <p>Parandra janus (part); Lansberge 1884: 135; Lameere 1902: 97; Arigony 1984: 109.</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the island of Java in Indonesia.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, from INDONESIA, Java (Province of East Java): Malang, 1905, ex “de Moffarts” Collection (IRSN). Paratypes (11 M, 7 F), as follows: INDONESIA, Java: (locality unreadable), F (ex. Collection J. Waterstradt; ex. Collection Oberthür), 1904, [no collector indicated] (MNHN); M, 28.XII.1934, ex. Tippmann Collection (MZSP); M, [date not indicated], ex Donckier Collection (IRSN); M, [date not indicated], ex “de Moffarts” Collection (MZSP); 2 M, [date not indicated], ex Nonfried Collection (IRSN); F, ex “de Moffarts” Collection (IRSN); 1 M, 2 F, [date not indicated], V. M. Duchon coll. (IRSN); M, [date not indicated] (IRSN); Nongkedjadjar – Tengger (probably a place between Nongkedjadjar, East Java, and Tengger, West Java), M, 3.II.1934, ex Tippmann Collection (USNM); M, 14.X.1934, ex Tippmann Collection (USNM); F, 17.X.1934, ex Tippmann Collection (USNM). East Java: Mount Kawi, 2 M, 2 F (ex. Collection Oberthür), 1898, J. B. Ledru coll. (MNHN).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; mandibles, parts of head, basal antennomeres, parts of legs, and edge of pro- and mesocoxal cavities darker.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 419). Head wide; dorsal surface, on gibbosities, with coarse punctures, not abundant or confluent; area close to eyes with large punctures, anastomosed; area between gibbosities and occiput with fine and sparse punctures; frontal gibbosities well marked, separated by a deep and wide furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina smooth and depressed; ocular carina elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 419); area behind eyes smooth. Eyes narrow (Fig. 97); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 419) distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 38) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum barely depressed, with moderately large, abundant punctures; margin close to mentum moderately wide and elevated; pilosity sparse, present throughout. Maxillary palp (Fig. 196). Teeth of inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 160) placed at middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not divided by carina (Fig. 313) and not visible from the side (Fig. 237).</p> <p>Pronotum coarsely and abundantly punctate at sides (mainly at anterior half); center of disc finely, sparsely punctate; anterior edge (Fig. 419) clearly sinuous; anterior angles feebly projected; lateral angles barely marked; posterior angles marked, subrounded (not distinct). Elytra somewhat coarsely, abundantly punctate (finer, sparser in the circum-scutellar area); each elytron with two low, clearly marked carinae. Metasternum moderately, coarsely punctate laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 420) elongate. Dorsal face of tibiae flat at base, barely furrowed at apical half. Metatarsus (without claws) approximately as long as metatibia; metatarsomere V clearly longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 421). Smooth area of head, between gibbosities and ocular carina, not depressed; punctures of dorsal surface as in male. Central area of clypeus almost oblique close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 39) narrow and truncate. Ocular carina not bifurcated. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI and submentum as in male. Mandibles (Fig. 161) with punctures and pilosity sparser than male. Pronotal punctures finer laterally than male; anterior angles clearly projected. Elytral punctures, elytral carinae, and dorsal face of the tibiae as in male, and with the same variations.</p> <p>Variability. Integument from dark-brown to brown. Males: dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, finely punctate with or without coarse punctures intermixed; dorsal face of head close to eyes with coarse punctures, not confluent; bifurcation in “Y” of ocular carina barely marked; area behind eyes with coarse and sparse punctures; central area of clypeus oblique close to front; submentum depressed; submentum not or barely elevated throughout close to mentum; center of disc of pronotum finely and abundantly punctate; anterior angles of pronotum projected forward; one or two elytral carina barely marked; basal third of tibiae rounded. Female: central area of clypeus clearly oblique close to front.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 17.6-21.6/19.3-20.0; prothorax: length, 3.6-4.8/3.9-4.1; anterior width, 4.6-6.2/4.6-4.9; posterior width, 3.7-4.7/4.4; humeral width, 4.8-6.0/5.6- 5.7; elytral length, 10.5-12.6/12.2-12.4.</p> <p>Comments. Males of K. javana differ from males K. philippinensis by the bifurcation of ocular carina barely marked or absent, by the dorsal face of the head close to the eyes (area of the bifurcation) coarsely punctate, usually confluent, by the posterior angles of the pronotum sub-rounded (not projected), and by antennomere III longer (1.1 times longer than the greatest width). In males of K. philippinensis, the ocular carina is clearly bifurcated, the punctures of the dorsal face of head close to eyes are fine and sparse, the posterior angles of pronotum are obtuse and projected, and antennomere III is shorter (length equal to the greatest width). Females of these species distinguished by antennomere III similar to males, and by the pattern of labrum: narrow and truncate in K. javana; narrow and rounded in K. philippinensis.</p> <p>Komiyandra javana differs from K. shibatai by the same differences of the males of K. philippinensis, by metatarsomere V clearly longer (Fig. 280), and by the anterior half of the prothorax (Fig. 419) with parallel sides. In K. shibatai, metatarsomere V (Fig. 277) is shorter and the anterior half of prothorax (Fig. 410) has divergent sides.</p> <p>Differs from K. formosana by the central projection of labrum in female truncated at apex, and by metatarsomere V not enlarged at basal half. In K. formosana, the central projection of labrum in female is rounded at apex, and metatarsomere V is enlarged at basal half.</p> <p>Differs from K. nayani and K. ohbayashii, mainly, by the apex of labrum of males wide and truncate. In K. nayani, the apex of labrum is narrow and subacute, and in K. ohbayashii it is narrow and rounded. From K. mehli, differs by metatarsomere V clearly longer, by the ocular carina of the male slightly or not bifurcated, by the head proportionally wider, by the antennae proportionally longer and antennomeres wider, and by the posterior angles of the pronotum sub-rounded. In K. mehli, metatarsomere V (Fig. 291) is shorter, the antennae are proportionally shorter and the antennomeres narrower, and the posterior angles of the pronotum are obtuse and projected.</p> <p>Finally, differs from K. luzonica and K. janus by the apex of labrum of the males wide and truncate (Fig. 38), and by the sensorial area of the antennae not carinate. In K. luzonica and K. janus, the apex of labrum of the males (Fig. 45, 407) is narrow and subacute, and the sensorial area of the antennae is clearly carinate.</p> <p>Lansberge (1884) wrote on Parandra janus: “C’est dans ma collection que se trouvent les exemplaires de Java. Ils ont été pris, le mâle sur le Mt. Gedeh, la femalle sur le Mt. Addjoeno, et ne diffèrent des individus des Molucques [Seram] et de Celebes que par la ponctuation des élytres un peu plus forte. Je ne puis done les considérer que comme des exemplaires d’une variété locale”. Lameere (1902) agreed with Lansberge (1884): “Il m’a été impossible, comme à van Lansberge, de trouver des différences spécifiques entre les exemplaires des Moluques, de la Nouvelle-Guinée et de Java ”. Following those authors, Parandra janus, has been recorded from Java (besides many other islands) by later authors. There is no doubt that the species mentioned by Lansberge (1884) and Lameere (1902) for Java, corresponds to K. javana (see differences between this species and K. janus), and the species from Seram, cited by Lansberge (1884) corresponds to K. mehli.</p> <p>Arigony (1984) examined two females from Java that also correspond to K. javana, although she figured a male that is very similar to the true Parandra janus. The description of Parandra janus made by Arigony (1984) corresponds, probably, to more than one species, and none of which is K. janus (= P. janus).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF1FFCD66D0FDF8136D32D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF3FFCD66D0FEF8170137D6.text	975887B7FFF3FFCD66D0FEF8170137D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra sangihe Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra sangihe sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 60, 109, 182, 249, 292, 339, 456, 457)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the island of Sangihe in Indonesia (noun in apposition).</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, INDONESIA, Sangihe Island, Tahuna, II.26.1987, Maeda coll. (MZSP – donated by Ziro Komiya). Paratype M, same data as holotype (ZKCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; parts of head and of mandibles, margins of pronotum, and elytral suture blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 456). Head moderately wide; dorsal surface, on gibbosities, coarsely and abundantly punctate; central area, between gibbosities and occiput, with punctures just coarser than on gibbosities; area behind eyes coarsely and moderately sparsely punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina depressed, smooth; ocular carina elevated, bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 456), but bifurcation is not strongly marked. Eyes narrow (Fig. 109), posterior ocular edge (Fig. 456) distinct. Central area of clypeus vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 60) wide and rounded at apex. Submentum slightly depressed; punctation coarse and moderately sparse; pilosity sparse, moderately short; anterior edge wide and elevated throughout. Teeth of inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 182) placed approximately at middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 249), and not divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at central region, gradually coarser and more abundant laterally, mainly at anterior half that is microsculptured; anterior edge slightly sinuous; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles distinct, rounded; posterior angles distinct, obtuse. Prosternal process abruptly elevated at base (clearly more elevated than surface of prosternum in that area). Basal twothirds of elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate close to suture, and coarser and more abundantly punctate laterally; apical third coarsely and abundantly punctate; each elytron with two clearly marked carinae. Metasternum coarsely punctate, moderately sparse laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 457) moderately elongated. Dorsal face of metatibia flat, rounded at base. Metatarsomere V (without claws) as long as I-III together (Fig. 292).</p> <p>Variability. Area behind eyes abundantly punctate; central projection of labrum wide and truncate at apex; anterior margin of pronotum nearly straight; anterior angles not projected forward.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 15.2-15.3 prothorax: length, 3.4-3.5; anterior width, 4.0; posterior width, 3.5-3.6; humeral width, 4.2; elytral length, 9.1-9.5.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra sangihe is similar to K. mindanao. It differs, mainly, by the metafemora (Fig. 457) shorter and wider. It is also similar to K. philippinensis but differs by the bifurcation of the ocular carina slightly marked, and by the body more elongated (clear and more robust in K. philippinensis).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF3FFCD66D0FEF8170137D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF3FFCC66D0F9F816DD37F6.text	975887B7FFF3FFCC66D0F9F816DD37F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra mindanao Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra mindanao sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 49, 50, 102, 170, 171, 242, 285, 337, 435-437)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the island of Mindanao in the Philippines (noun in apposition).</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, from PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Northern Mindanao Region, Misamis Oriental: Mount Balatukan (15 km SW of Gingoog; 1000-2000m), V.1-5.1960, H. Torrevillas coll. (BPBM). Paratypes (1 M, 3 F), as follows: PHILIPPINES, Mindanao, Davao Region, Davao del Sur: Baracatan (1500m), F, VI.27-29.1977, M. Sato coll. (EELE). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.2166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.7/lat 6.2166667)">Mindanao</a>, Soccsksargen Region, South Cotabato: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=6.2166667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.7/lat 6.2166667)">Lake</a> Sebu (124 o 42’E, 6 o 13N; 700m), F, IX.1993, Pascal Lays coll. (IRSN). Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao, Basilan: Basilan Island, M, VI-VII.1990, [no collector indicated] (KMCT); F, VI-VII.1990, [no collector indicated] (MZSP).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head and of mandibles, margins of pronotum, elytral suture, extreme apex of femora, and extreme base of tibiae blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 435). Head moderately wide; dorsal surface, on gibbosities, with punctures coarse and moderately abundant, not confluent; area near posterior ocular carina with same kind of punctures as on gibbosities, in part confluent; area between gibbosities and occiput coarse and not confluently punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina depressed, smooth in the most part; area behind eyes coarsely, sparsely punctate; ocular carina elevated, with bifurcation in “Y”, near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 435) slightly visible. Eyes narrow (Fig. 102); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 435) distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 49) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum very slightly depressed; punctation coarse and sparse; pilosity short and sparse (slightly longer at central region); anterior margin wide and elevated throughout. Teeth of inner margin of mandibles (Fig. 170) placed approximately in middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 242), and not divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate on disc, gradually coarser and more abundantly punctate laterally (deeper towards the anterior angles); anterior edge barely convex at middle; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles slightly indicated; posterior angles barely distinct, in a straight angle. Elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate: anterior two-thirds, near suture, with punctures finer and sparser than area around elytral curvature (between disc and epipleura), and sparser than at area between curvature and epipleura; apical third with punctures finer than in area near suture at basal twothirds, and clearly more abundant. Metasternum with punctures coarser laterally, gradually finer and sparser toward metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 436) elongated. Dorsal surface of tibiae flat. Metatarsus (without claws) shorter than metatibiae (Fig. 285); metatarsomere V barely longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 437). Head proportionally narrower; punctures at dorsal surface of head more abundant than in male; central projection of labrum (Fig. 50) narrow and truncate at apex. Mandible (Fig. 171).</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 15.8/18.0-19.5; prothorax: length, 3.3/ 3.7-4.0; anterior width, 4.3/4.1-4.5; posterior width, 3.4/3.8-4.2; humeral width, 4.0/4.7-5.4; elytral length, 9.2/10.8-12.4.</p> <p>Comments. The holotype male of K. mindanao is similar to males of K. javana, of which it differs by closer elytral punctation, by the anterior edge of the pronotum (Fig. 435) not sinuous (wide and slightly sinuous at middle area), and by the metafemora (Fig. 436) more elongate. In males of K. javana, the elytral punctation is sparser, the anterior edge of the pronotum (Fig. 419) is sinuous (with emargination very distinct at middle area), and the metafemora (Fig. 420) are shorter and wider. The paratype female of K. mindanao differs from the paratypes females of K. javana and K. philippinensis (Fig. 433), mainly, by the head narrower. The holotype male differs from the males of K. philippinensis, mainly, by the absence of the bifurcation in “Y” of the ocular carina (present in K. philippinensis).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF3FFCC66D0F9F816DD37F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF2FFC266D0F9D8119A3056.text	975887B7FFF2FFC266D0F9D8119A3056.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra uenoi Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra uenoi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 72, 73, 117, 194, 195, 257, 299, 303, 310, 311, 342, 478-480)</p> <p>Parandra formosana; Hayashi 1963: 51, fig. 1; Samuelson and Gressitt 1965: 51 (part); Kojima and Hayashi 1969: 2, pl. 1, fig. 2.</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to Dr. Shun-Ichi Ueno, Department of Zoology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan, for his assistance on this project and for contributions to the knowledge of Coleoptera.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, from JAPAN, Okinawa Prefecture: Ryukyu Islands (Iriomote-jima Island, Shirahama,), X.3.1963, S. Ueno coll. (OMNH). Paratypes (9 M, 7 F), as follows: JAPAN, Okinawa Prefecture: Ryukyu Islands (Ishigaki-jima Island), M, VIII.8.1991, R. Fukaishi coll. (UNCO); (Ishigaki-jima Island, Mount Yarabu-dake), 1 M, 1 F (V.1997, host collected; VI.1999, emerged out; host: Machilus japonica), T. Niisato and H. Fujita coll. (NOCO); M, same data as previous (MZSP); F, VI.29.2007, Y. Hida coll. (KMCT); M, VII.2.2007, Y. Hida coll. (MZSP); (Ishigaki-jima Island, Mount Nosoko-dake), 1 M, 1 F, VI.20.2004, Y. Hida coll. (KMCT); M, VII.22.2006, Y. Hida coll. (KMCT); (Iriomote-jima Island), F, VII.12.1991, [no collector indicated] (ZKCO); (Iriomote-jima Island, Shirahama), M, X.3.1963, S. Ueno coll. (OMNH); (Ishigaki-jima Island, Mount Omoto-dake), F, V.26.2000 (DHCO); 2 M, 2 F, VI.25.1991, T. Hanatani coll. (KMCT).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head, mandibles, scape, margins of the pronotum, epipleura and elytral suture, and parts of legs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 478). Dorsal face of head, on gibbosities, coarsely and moderately abundantly punctate; longitudinal depression between gibbosities smooth; area behind gibbosities with transverse region smooth, interrupted in the middle by punctures as coarse as on gibbosities, and with similar punctures, moderately sparse, between that region and occiput; area behind depression, between gibbosities and ocular carina, coarsely and partially confluently punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina distinctly depressed, moderately, coarsely punctate at anterior and posterior edges; area behind eyes coarsely and moderately sparsely punctate; punctation behind bifurcation of ocular carina just coarse and sparse; ocular carina elevated, distinctly bifurcated in “Y” near the posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 478). Eyes moderately narrow (Fig. 117); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 478) distinct. Central area of clypeus oblique close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 72) wide, slightly rounded at apex, and with a feeble projection in middle. Submentum depressed, more distinctly from middle to anterior edge; punctation moderately coarse and sparse; pilosity moderately long and sparse; anterior edge elevated throughout. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 194) placed around middle. Antennae reaching posterior angles of prothorax; ventral sensorial area of antennomere III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 257), and not divided by carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI moderately small, narrow and elliptical.</p> <p>Lateral margins of prothorax subparallel at anterior two-thirds towards anterior angles. Pronotum finely, moderately abundantly punctate at central region, gradually coarser laterally, mainly close to anterior angles; lateral area microsculptured, more distinctly close to anterior angles; anterior edge not sinuous at central region; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles not distinct; posterior angles well marked. Basal two-thirds of elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate, mainly laterally on basal third and across medial third; punctation of apical third finer, more abundant and concentrated; each elytron with two distinct carinae. Metasternum with punctures coarse, moderately abundant laterally, gradually finer and sparser towards metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 479) moderately short. Dorsal face of the metatibia slightly rounded at basal half, and flat at apical half; in dorsal view narrow, mainly at apical half. Metatarsomere V (without claws) just shorter than I-III together (Fig. 299); in dorsal view (Fig. 303) not enlarged at basal half.</p> <p>Male genitalia: median lobe short, forming a flattened tube, with two elongate struts at base, apex narrowly rounded and distinctly incised at middle (Fig. 311); parameres short, forming a ring, with a pair of pointed processes, separate near their base in dorsal view, apical lobes short and wide, stout relatively narrow (Fig. 310).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 480). Head moderately wide; dorsal face coarsely and abundantly punctate throughout, mainly behind gibbosities. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 73) moderately wide, slightly rounded at apex. Mandible as in Fig. 195. Pronotum with punctation as in male, but microsculptured lateral area less distinct; anterior angles distinctly projected forward; anterior edge as in male. Antennae almost reaching the basal fourth of the pronotum.</p> <p>Variability. Integument from brown to dark-brown. Male: longitudinal depression between gibbosities of dorsal face of head, with some punctures; smooth area behind gibbosities of dorsal face of head, not interrupted at middle by punctures; punctation of area near occiput distinctly coarser than on gibbosities; depression of dorsal face of head with punctures in the middle; bifurcation in “Y” of ocular carina not well defined; central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front; central projection of the labrum truncate and without central projection; antennae reaching basal margin of pronotum; anterior angles of the pronotum distinctly projected forward; each elytron with one carina well marked, and another barely marked; dorsal face of metatibiae slightly sulcate at apical half. Female: antennae almost reaching base of pronotum.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 13.4-18.1/16.0-18.1; prothorax: length, 3.0-4.1/3.6-3.9; anterior width, 3.5-5.2/4.0-4.9; posterior width, 2.8-4.0/3.6-3.8; humeral width, 3.6-5.0/ 4.5-5.0; elytral length, 7.7-10.3/9.7-11.1.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra uenoi and K. shibatai each have male genitalia with a short median lobe and short parameres. Komiyandra formosana and K. lanyuana each have a longer median lobe and longer parameres than those of K. uenoi and K. shibatai. These four species can be readily distinguished from each other based on the different form of the apex of median lobe and parameres of the male genitalia (Fig. 304-311).</p> <p>See comments on K. shibatai, K. lanyuana, and K. formosana.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF2FFC266D0F9D8119A3056	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFFCFFC166D0FD78105F30F6.text	975887B7FFFCFFC166D0FD78105F30F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra menieri Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra menieri sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 58, 59, 108, 180, 181, 248, 291, 318, 338, 450-452, 455)</p> <p>Parandra janus Bates, 1875: 47; Lameere 1902: 97 (Part).</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to Dr. J. Menier (MNHN) for the loan of many specimens used in our study.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, INDONESIA, New Guinea, Irian Jaya, West Papua: Hatam, D’Albertis coll. (MCGD). Paratypes (8 M, 7 F), as follows: INDONESIA, New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Papua: Biological Station of Pusppenssat (50 km S Nabire), M, I.13.1997, A. Weigel coll. (AWCO); Andai, F (paralectotype of Parandra janus), VIII.1872, D’Albertis coll. (MCGD); M, (ex. Collection Argod), VIII.1872, L. M. D’Albertis coll. (MNHN); F, (ex. Collection Bates), VIII.1872, L. M. D’Albertis coll. (MNHN); Hatam, F, IX.1872, L. M. D’Albertis coll. (MZSP); M, VI.1875, Beccari coll. (MCGD). West Papua: Testega (1000-1300m), M, III.29-IV.2.1990, A. Riedel coll. (MZSP). Maluku Islands, North Maluku: Ternate Island, Bruijn, F (ex- Collection R. Oberthür), [no date of collection], Bruijn coll. (MNHN); (“ Acqui Conora ”), 1 M, 1 F, 1874, Beccari coll. (MCGD); 1 M, 1 F, XI.1874, Beccari coll. (MCGD); 1 M, 1 F, (ex-Collection A. Argod), XI.1874, Beccari coll. (MNHN). PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe: Sattelberg, M (ex. Collection Fairmaire), [no date and collector indicated] (MNHN).</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; parts of head, of mandibles, margins of pronotum, elytral suture, and apical extreme of femora blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 450). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities and between that and occiput, coarsely and abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina strongly depressed, smooth; area behind eyes coarsely punctate, with punctures sparser close to eyes; ocular carina elevated, clearly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 452); area between bifurcation of ocular carina and eyes coarsely and abundantly punctate (Fig. 452). Eyes narrow (Fig. 108); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 450) very distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 58) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum depressed; punctation coarse and abundant; pilosity slightly long and sparse; anterior edge wide, elevated throughout. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 180) placed at middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 248), and not divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum finely punctate at central region, and gradually coarser and more abundant towards laterally, mainly close to anterior angles (Fig. 453); anterior edge concave centrally; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles distinct, rounded; posterior angles distinct, obtuse. Elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate, mainly laterally on anterior two-thirds; each elytron with two barely visible carinae. Metasternum coarsely punctate laterally, with punctures more concentrated close to metepisterna. Metafemur (Fig. 451) moderately short and enlarged. Dorsal face of metatibia flat throughout, except at base; in dorsal view moderately enlarged. Metatarsomere I not tumid, narrow in lateral view (Fig. 291).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 455). Apex of central projection of labrum (Fig. 59) truncate. Mandible as in Fig. 181.</p> <p>Variability. Dorsal face of head, on gibbosities, with punctures slightly fine and moderately sparse; punctation of dorsal face of head, between gibbosities and occiput, coarser and more abundant than on gibbosities; bifurcation of ocular carina slightly marked; pronotum finely punctate at central area; anterior angles of pronotum not projected forward. In specimens from Ternate Island, anterior angles of the pronotum, in both sexes, are more acute, and the lateral punctation of the pronotum, also in both sexes, is slightly sparser.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 15.3-22.7/18.3-22.1; prothorax: length, 3.2-4.6/3.8-4.5; anterior width, 3.9-6.2/4.4-4.8; posterior width, 3.2-5.1/3.9-4.5; humeral width, 4.2-6.3/ 4.9-6.0; elytral length, 9.4-13.1/11.1-13.8.</p> <p>Comments. Differs from K. philippinensis by the punctation of the head, close to the bifurcation of the ocular carina coarse and abundant, by the coarser lateral punctation of the pronotum, and by the punctation of the outer face of the ocular carina, close to the anterior ocular edge, with punctures moderately coarse and abundant. In K. philippinensis, the punctation of the area close to the bifurcation of the ocular carina, of the outer face of the ocular carina, and of the lateral of the pronotum is finer and sparser. See comments on K. irianjayana.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFFCFFC166D0FD78105F30F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFFFFFC066D0FCD8114F3116.text	975887B7FFFFFFC066D0FCD8114F3116.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra philippinensis Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra philippinensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 47, 48, 101, 168, 169, 241, 284, 334, 431-434, 453)</p> <p>Etymology. Named for the Philippine Islands.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, PHILIPPINES, Central Visayas Region, Negros Island, Negros Oriental: Mount Canlaon (1600 m), V.1988, (DHCO). Paratypes (13 M, 14 F), as follows: PHILIPPINES, Central Visayas Region, Negros Island, Negros Oriental: Mount Canlaon, 4 M, V.12.1988, Danny Mohagan coll. (KMCT); F, VIII.8.1988, Danny Mohagan coll. (KMCT); F, V.5-10.1990, Danny Mohagan coll. (KMCT); 2 F, XII.24.1998, Danny Mohagan coll. (KMCT); M, VI.2006, [no collector indicated] (TNCO); 2 F, VI.2005, [no collector indicated] (ZKCO); F, VI.2006, [no collector indicated] (MZSP). Eastern Visayas Region, Leyte Island, Leyte: Mount Balocawe, M, V.2007, [no collector indicated] (ZKCO). Mimaropa Region, Romblon: Sibuyan Island, M, III-IV.1982, P. Riano coll. (MZSP); M, III-IV.1982, P. Riano coll. (HNCO). Luzon Island, Cagayan Region, Nueva Vizcaya: Santa Fe, M, 3 F, VI.2006, local. coll. (DHCO). Cordillera Administrative Region, Benguet: Mancayan, 1 M, 1 F (ex. Collection Bates), [no date and collector indicated) (MNHN). Mindoro Island: 3 M, 2 F, V.20-30.1989, D. Mohagan coll. (KMCT); F, V.20-30.1989, D. Mohagan coll. (MZSP).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head and of mandibles, margins of pronotum, epipleura and elytral suture blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 431). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, somewhat fine and abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and occiput somewhat coarser and sparser than on gibbosities; area between gibbosities and ocular carina strongly depressed, with some fine punctures; area behind eyes barely coarse and sparse; ocular carina elevated, clearly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 453). Eyes narrow (Fig. 101); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 431) very distinct. Central area of clypeus almost vertical close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 47) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum slightly depressed; punctation moderately coarse, well defined and sparse; pilosity moderately long, sparse; anterior margin wide and elevated throughout. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 168) placed around middle. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI (Fig. 241) not visible from side, and not divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate on disc; area close to anterior angles microsculptured (Fig. 453), with punctures coarse and abundant, in part oblong and with edge toward outer side of pronotum elevated; median and posterior areas with punctures coarse and sparse; anterior angles not projected forward, but distinct; lateral angles barely indicated; posterior angles distinct; anterior edge (Fig. 431) barely sinuous. Elytra coarsely and abundantly punctate (punctures finer at apical third, and at anterior two-thirds near suture); each elytron with two vague carinae. Metasternum with punctures coarse and moderately abundant laterally, finer and sparser toward metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 432) moderately elongated. Dorsal surface of tibiae flat. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 284).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 434). Punctation of dorsal surface of head somewhat coarse and sparse throughout. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 48) narrow and rounded at apex. Mandible as in Fig. 169. Pronotum with same kind and distribution of punctures, but without microsculptured area near anterior angles, and without punctures with edge elevated; anterior angles clearly projected forward; anterior edge clearly sinuous.</p> <p>Variability. Mandibles fully blackish.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 20.0-20.2/17.5-20.4; prothorax: length, 4.4-4.5/3.7-4.3; anterior width, 5.6-5.8/4.3-4.8; posterior width, 4.5-5.0/4.0-4.5; humeral width, 5.4-5.9/ 4.9-6.1; elytral length, 11.7-11.9/10.7-13.3.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra philippinensis is similar to K. shibatai and K. lanyuana, but differs, mainly, by the body (Fig. 431) more robust. In K. shibatai (Fig. 410) and K. lanyuana (Fig. 416), the body is slimmer. Differs from K. javana by the ocular carina clearly bifurcated in “Y” near the posterior ocular edge (Fig. 453). In K. javana, the ocular carina is not bifurcated in “Y” (Fig. 419), or the bifurcation is slightly indicated. See comments on K. irianjayana.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFFFFFC066D0FCD8114F3116	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFFEFFC766D0FCB8105A36D6.text	975887B7FFFEFFC766D0FCB8105A36D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Komiyandra lanyuana (Hayashi 1981) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Komiyandra lanyuana (Hayashi, 1981)</p> <p>(Fig. 36, 37, 96, 158, 159, 236, 279, 302, 308, 309, 320, 416-418)</p> <p>Parandra janus; Kano 1938: 115, fig. 1.</p> <p>Parandra lanyuana Hayashi, 1981: 27; Yu et al. 2002: 74, pl. 1, Fig. 7 a-7b; Mizuno and Shiyake 2004: 5, pl. 1, fig. 15 (types).</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) lanyuana; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head, mandibles, scape, margins of pronotum, epipleura and elytral suture, and parts of legs blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 416). Dorsal face of head, on gibbosities, coarsely and moderately abundantly punctate; longitudinal depression between gibbosities smooth; area behind gibbosities with transverse region smooth, interrupted in middle by punctures as coarse as on gibbosities, and with same kind of punctures between that region and occiput, but moderately sparse; area between gibbosities and ocular carina strongly depressed, coarsely punctate anteriorly and posteriorly; area behind eyes coarsely and sparsely punctate; ocular carina elevated, distinctly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 416). Eyes narrow (Fig. 96); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 416) distinct. Central area of clypeus oblique close to front. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 36) wide and slightly emarginate at apex. Submentum depressed from middle to anterior edge; punctation coarse, moderately sparse; pilosity moderately long, sparse; anterior edge elevated throughout. Mandibles approximately as long as head; teeth of inner margin (Fig. 158) placed around middle. Antennae reaching basal fifth of the prothorax; ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 236), and not divided by carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI moderately large, narrow and elliptical.</p> <p>Lateral margins of prothorax subparallel at anterior two-thirds towards anterior angles. Pronotum finely, moderately abundantly punctate centrally, gradually coarser laterally, mainly close to anterior angles; lateral area microsculptured, more distinctly close to anterior angles; anterior edge slightly sinuous; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles not distinct; posterior angles distinct. Basal two-thirds of elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate, mainly laterally on basal third and across medial third; punctation of apical third finer, more abundant and concentrated; each elytron with two distinct carinae. Metasternum with punctures coarse and sparse laterally, gradually finer towards metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 417) moderately elongated. Dorsal face of metatibia slightly rounded at basal half, apical half flat; in dorsal view moderately wide. Metatarsomere V (without claws) slightly longer than I-III together (Fig. 279); in dorsal view (Fig. 302) not enlarged at basal half.</p> <p>Male genitalia: median lobe long, forming a flattened tube, with two elongate struts at base, apex widely rounded and feebly incised at middle (Fig. 309); parameres of median length, forming a ring, with a pair of pointed processes, separate near base in dorsal view, apical lobes long and wide, stout relatively narrow (Fig. 308).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 418). Head moderately wide; dorsal face coarsely and abundantly punctate throughout. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 37) narrow and slightly emarginate at apex. Mandible as in Fig. 159. Pronotum with punctation as in male, but without distinct microsculptured lateral area; anterior angles more projected than in male; anterior edge sinuous. Antennae reaching basal fourth of prothorax. Metatibiae slightly sulcate on dorsal face of basal two-thirds.</p> <p>Variability. Integument from brown to dark-brown. Male: central projection of labrum truncate at apex; submentum depressed throughout. Female: central projection of labrum truncate at apex.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 16.9-20.5/15.1-19.5; prothorax: length, 4.0/3.5; anterior width, 4.8/4.2; posterior width, 3.9/3.9; humeral width, 4.8/4.6; elytral length, 9.7/9.8.</p> <p>Geographical distribution. Taiwan (Lanyu Island).</p> <p>Material examined. TAIWAN, Taitung: Lanyu Island, holotype M, VII.20.1976, H. Nara coll. (OMNH); paratype F, same data of holotype (HNCO); 2 M, 6 F, same data of holotype (HNCO); M, F, VII.18.2001, W. L. Chen coll. (HNCO); 1 M, 1 F, V.2002, [no collector indicated] (NOCO). Specimen examined through photographs taken by Dr. Mei-Ling Chan (NMNS): TAIWAN, Taitung: Lanyu Island (eclosed from pupa), M, V.1.2000, H. Y. Chu coll. (NMNS); F, V.5.2000, H. Y. Chu coll. (NMNS).</p> <p>Types, type locality. Holotype M, preserved in the OMNH (ex-Collection Masao Hayashi), and paratype F, preserved in HNCO. Originally, both specimens belonged to HNCO. Mr. Hajime Nara (pers. comm.) stated that Dr. Hayashi retained the holotype in his personal collection.</p> <p>Comments. Komiyandra lanyuana differs from K. formosana by the: head in female larger (Fig. 417); apex of central projection of labrum of female truncate (Fig. 37); metatarsomere V not enlarged on basal half (Fig. 302) in both sexes. In K. formosana, head of female is proportionally smaller (Fig. 415), apex of labrum is rounded (Fig. 35), and metatarsomere V is distinctly enlarged on basal half (Fig. 301) in both sexes. Differs from K. uenoi, mainly by metatibiae wider in dorsal view (distinctly narrower in K. uenoi). See comments on K. shibatai.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFFEFFC766D0FCB8105A36D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF9FFC666D0FAF8108F3756.text	975887B7FFF9FFC666D0FAF8108F3756.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanesiandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Melanesiandra, new genus</p> <p>Etymology. Melanesia + Parandra, in reference to the subregion of Oceania, in the extreme western part of the Pacific Ocean, northeast of Australia. Feminine gender.</p> <p>Type species. Parandra striatifrons Fairmaire, 1879.</p> <p>Description. Dorsal area of head between eyes, with two distinct gibbosities in males, separated by deep furrow, without central depression in “V”; in females with gibbosities and furrow barely marked. Ocular carina wide, moderately elevated, and evident from middle of eye to clypeus; not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 379, 382). Eyes wide, mainly in females; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 385) distinct in males, and barely distinct in females (Fig. 381); anterior ocular edge emarginated or slightly emarginated. Frontoclypeal suture visible just laterally. Central region of clypeus strongly oblique or clearly concave. Clypeolabral suture visible throughout, barely visible, or absent. Central projection of labrum of male wide, truncate at apex or narrow and truncate; narrow, truncate, or rounded, subacute in females. Mandibles of major males (Fig. 134, 136) falciform; sub-falciform in minor males, from shorter to longer than head, narrow at base of latero-outer face (Fig. 82, 83); dorsal carina elevated, well defined from base to apical third; inner margin in major males with two teeth, together protracted or not, located near middle (in minor males always together protracted); apex with two large teeth, visible dorsally, and a third, small, not visible dorsally; outer face (Fig. 83, 84, 85) without large tooth around middle. Mandibles of females (Fig. 135, 137) Parandra -like, moderately narrow at base of latero-outer face; dorsal carina barely elevated, ending approximately in middle; inner margin with two teeth together protracted, located in the middle; apex and outer face as in males. Mentum with hair barely long and sparse. Galea (Fig. 203) long (reaching or almost reaching apex of second segment of maxillary palp). Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI (Fig. 222, 223) visible from the side or not, divided by carina in all or some antennomeres; ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI does not attain dorsal area; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI from small to large, well delimited, not divided by carina.</p> <p>Anterior margin of pronotum sinuous or concave in males, barely sinuous or barely concave in females; anterior angles projected forward or not; lateral angle absent or distinct; posterior angles well defined or barely marked. Elytra abundantly punctate. Veins MP 3 and MP 4 not fused at apex (Fig. 214). Apex of prosternal process barely enlarged. Femora glabrous. Dorsal face of tibiae rounded or flat. Procoxal cavities clearly open behind. Paronychium with one seta.</p> <p>Included species. Melanesiandra striatifrons (Fairmaire, 1879), comb. nov.; M. solomonensis (Arigony, 1983), comb. nov., M. bougainvillensis Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; and M. birai Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 315). Fiji (Viti Levu; Vanau Levu, Ovalau), Solomon Islands (Santa Ana and Santa Isabel Islands), and Papua New Guinea (including Bougainville Island).</p> <p>Comments. Characterized, mainly, by the eyes clearly narrower and more distinct in males than in females, and by the mandibles of the males falciform or nearly so, with the latero-outer face narrow.</p> <p>Melanesiandra differs from Birandra by the: dorsal face of the head with distinct gibbosities in males; dorsal face of the head, between the gibbosities and the ocular carina, depressed; mandibles of the major males less falciform, in dorsal view, narrower at base. In Birandra: head without gibbosities or, at most, barely distinct gibbosities; dorsal face of head, close to ocular carina, without depressed area; male mandibles more falciform, in dorsal view, clearly wider at base.</p> <p>Differs from Acutandra, mainly by the mandibles clearly different between the sexes (sub-equal in Acutandra). Differs from Parandra, Archandra and Stenandra, by the procoxal cavities clearly open (closed in the other three genera). From Neandra, differs by the procoxal cavities open behind, wing venation (Fig. 214) (see Fig. 206 for Neandra) and presence of paronychium. In Neandra, the procoxal cavities are closed behind and the paronychium is absent. From Komiyandra, differs by the mandibles of the major males falciform (Fig. 134), narrow at base of the latero-outer face (Fig. 82), by the eyes wider (Fig. 82), and by the large dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI. In Komiyandra, the mandibles of major males are sub-falciform (Fig. 156), wide at base of the latero-outer face (Fig. 94), the eyes are narrower (Fig. 98), and the dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI is small. See comments on Caledonandra, Papuandra, and Hawaiiandra.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF9FFC666D0FAF8108F3756	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFF8FFC666D0FA7917DF3556.text	975887B7FFF8FFC666D0FA7917DF3556.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanesiandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Key to the species of Melanesiandra</p> <p>1. Antennomeres III-XI divided by carina, elevated and clearly visible from sides. Fiji (Viti Levu; Vanau Levu, Ovalau).................................................................. M. striatifrons (Fairmaire)</p> <p>— At least, antennomere III not divided by carina......................................................................... 2</p> <p>2(1). Male labrum strongly convex. Solomon Islands (Santa Ana and Santa Isabel Islands)..................................................................................................................... M. solomonensis (Arigony)</p> <p>— Male labrum not convex.............................................................................................................. 3</p> <p>3(2). Central projection of labrum of male somewhat rounded at apex. Papua New Guinea (Bougainville Island), Solomon Islands (San Cristobal Island, Santa Isabel Island)......................................................................................................................................... M. bougainvillensis, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Central projection of labrum of male distinctly narrowed apically. Papua New Guinea................................................................................................................................... M. birai, sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFF8FFC666D0FA7917DF3556	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFFBFFDB66D0FF1816853776.text	975887B7FFFBFFDB66D0FF1816853776.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanesiandra striatifrons (Fairmaire 1879) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Melanesiandra striatifrons (Fairmaire, 1879)</p> <p>(Fig. 22, 23, 82, 134, 135, 203, 214, 222, 265, 314, 344, 376-378)</p> <p>Parandra striatifrons Fairmaire, 1879: 289; 1881: 468; Schmeltz 1881: 10; Lameere 1902: 84; Dillon and Dillon 1952: 3; Webb 1994: 327 (note); Evenhuis and Ramsdale 2006: 11 (checklist).</p> <p>Parandra (Parandra) striatifrons; Lameere 1913: 6 (cat.); 1919: 17; Santos-Silva 2002: 32 (note).</p> <p>Parandra vitiensis Nonfried, 1894: 46; Lameere 1902: 84 (syn.); Dillon and Dillon 1952: 3 (revalidation); Evenhuis and Ramsdale 2006: 11 (checklist).</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) striatifrons; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, chestnut; parts of head, of mandibles, margins of pronotum, anterior margin of submentum, and margins of coxal cavities blackish; legs pale-brown.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 376). Head wide, proportionally very large in relation to body size; dorsal surface of gibbosities, with fine punctures, moderately abundant, not confluent; area between gibbosities and occiput with similar punctures, but sparser; area close to eyes (near apex of ocular carina) and area behind eyes with large distinct punctures, abundant, in part confluent; area between gibbosities and ocular carina smooth and depressed. Central region of clypeus strongly oblique. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 22), wide, truncate and with concavity at apex. Eyes (Fig. 82) barely emarginated. Mandibles of major males (Fig. 134) falciform, and sub-falciform in minor males, longer than head; inner margin in major males with two teeth, not together protracted, located before and after middle, apical tooth larger (in minor males, located approximately at middle of mandibles, and together protracted). Submentum depressed at area close to mentum, with large, deep, and moderately abundant punctures, in part confluent; margin close to mentum moderately elevated; pilosity sparse, restricted to sides. Antennae notably short (not reaching pronotal base); ventral sensorial area of antennae visible from side (Fig. 222), divided by carina (Fig. 314), elevated, visible from side; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI large. Maxillary palp as in Fig. 203.</p> <p>Pronotal disc strongly flat, curved laterally; anterior margin sinuous; anterior angles projected forward; lateral angle absent (sometimes indicated); posterior angle distinct; abundantly, coarsely punctate on latero-apical half; latero-basal half with fine punctures, abundant; center of disc very finely, sparsely punctate. Elytra finely, moderately abundantly punctate, sparser in circum-scutellar area; each elytron with two carinae barely marked. Metasternum with some coarse, shallow punctures at sides. Metafemur (Fig. 377) elongated. Metatarsus (without claws) (Fig. 265) shorter than metatibia (length equal to 0.85 times); metatarsomere V longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 378). Central area of dorsal face of head with very fine, sparse punctation; area close to ocular carina and area behind eyes finely, moderately abundantly punctate. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 23) narrow, truncate or rounded. Mandibles as in Fig. 135. Lateral sides of pronotum finely and abundantly punctate.</p> <p>Variability. Integument dark-brown; submentum completely blackish; legs brown. Males: head not notably large in relation to body (minor males); dorsal face of head, on gibbosities, with punctures somewhat coarse, similar to those at the area behind eyes (mainly laterally); area behind eyes with punctures large and sparse; apex of labrum, frequently, strongly concave frontally, apex of labrum on plane significantly lower than the rest of the labrum, labrum convex near the central projection enhancing the appearance of the latter causing it to be more prominent; pilosity of submentum present throughout or completely absent; center of pronotal disc smooth; anterior margin of submentum, close to mentum, elevated only at sides; elytral punctures uniform. Metatarsus (without claws) approximately as long as metatibiae. Female: apex of labrum narrow and rounded; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI fused with ventral sensorial area.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 15.8-21.7/17.2-21.2; prothorax: length, 3.1-4.5/3.6-4.2; anterior width, 4.1-5.8/4.4-5.4; posterior width, 3.3-4.3/4.1-4.9; humeral width, 4.0-5.6/ 4.9-6.0; elytral length, 8.8-12.1/10.3-13.3.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 344). Fiji (Viti Levu; Vanau Levu, Ovalau).</p> <p>Material examined. (7 M, 11 F), as follows: FIJI. Ex Nonfried Collection, 2 F, [no date indicated] (IRSN); Viti Levu: M, F, [no date indicated] (AUMU); F, [no date indicated] (IRSN); F, ex. Nonfried Collection (type of Parandra vitiensis) [no date indicated] (IRSN); Nandarivatu Forest, M, X.17.1985, G. F. Bornemissza coll. (DHCO); M, F, X.17.1985, Bornemissza coll. (ZSMC); 2 F, 17.X.1985, [name of collector illegible] (ZKCO); M [identified by Dillon and Dillon (1952) as P. vitiensis], IX.9.1938, Y. Kondo coll. (BPBM); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=178.08333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 178.08333/lat -17.933332)">Naraiyawa</a> (178 o 5’E, 17 o 56’S), 2 M, F, XI.20-23.1986, R. L. Brown coll. (MEMU; 1 M MZSP); Nausori (Colo-i-Suva Forestry Station; 200 m), M, I.28.1994, K. Ito coll. (KMCT); Belt Road (45 miles W Suva), F [identified by Dillon and Dillon (1952) as P. striatifrons], 25.VII.1938, E. C. Zimmerman coll. (BPBM). Vanau Levu: Kilaka (Bua; FJ-58D; 178 o 59’017”E, 16 o 48’412”S; 154m; Malaise), F, 28.VI-02.VII.2004, M. E. Irwin, E. Schlinger, M. Tokota coll. (USNM); M, [no date indicated] (USNM).</p> <p>Types, type localities. Parandra striatifrons: holotype M, from Fiji (Viti Levu), deposited at MNHN. Parandra vitiensis: holotype F, from Fiji, deposited at IRSN.</p> <p>Comments. The description and redescription of Parandra striatifrons, by Fairmaire (1879, 1881), indicates that he only knew the male of this species: “mandibulis validis, capite haud brevioribus, intus obtuse, apice sat acute bidentatis, capite prothorace haud angustiore...epistomate inter mandibulas vix producto, late sinuato, utrinque angulato” [English translation: mandibles robust, longer than head, interiorly obtuse, apex distinctly bidentate, head as long as prothorax…epistoma just projected between mandibles, widely sinuous, in both sides angulated]. That hypothesis is corroborated by the comparison made by Fairmaire (1881), between P. austrocaledonica and P. striatifrons: “les mandibules (P. austrocaledonica) sont bien plus larges”[English translation: the mandibles (P. austrocaledonica) are much broader]. It is very probable that Fairmaire (1879) possessed only one male when he described the species. In Fairmaire (1879, 1881) only a single measurement was supplied: “Long.: 20 millim.” and “Long. 20 mill. (mandib. Incl.)”. But Fairmaire (1881), when writing on other species for which he had more than one specimen, indicated the variation in some measurements, for example, in the redescription of Opheltes cariosicollis Fairmaire, 1877: “Long 26 à 40 mill”. There is no indication of the number of specimens that Fairmaire (1879) used to describe this species.</p> <p>Nonfried (1894) described Parandra vitiensis, apparently, based on a single specimen (“Long. 18 mm ”). It is possible to infer that, because in the same work, in the description of Nemophas eupholoides, he supplied the measurements of at least two specimens (“Long. 22-24 mm ”). It could be possible that Nonfried (1894) had more than one specimen with the same dimensions, however, we received all specimens of Parandrinae from the Oriental province, deposited at IRSN, among which, specimens from the Nonfried Collection and, again, among which, one specimen of P. vitiensis labeled as “Type”. It is very improbable that there are types in other collections. The calligraphy in the label of the specimen of P. vitiensis that has the “Type” label, belongs to IRSN, agrees very well with that illustrated by Horn and Kahle (1937: plate XXXIV, fig. 25) of a label handwritten by Nonfried. Damoiseau and Cools (1987) did not register any type for Parandra vitiensis in the Collection of IRSN, but as mentioned above, we believe that the specimen sent for study, is the holotype of that species.</p> <p>The description by Nonfried (1894) seems to adapt perfectly to a female (same sex of the specimen from IRSN labeled as “Type”), mainly by the form of the head (“Kopf schmal, vorne doppelt geschweift”). Although the description of the mandible (“Mandibeln lang”) can suggest that the specimen is a male, the mandible in that species is particularly longer than in the female, we believe that the term used by Nonfried (1894) is relative. Moreover, Nonfried (1894) stated that for the mandibles, the inner margin was toothed. This description agrees better with a female than to a male. It is possible that Nonfried (1894) described the position of teeth, if the specimen was a male.</p> <p>Lameere (1902) synonymized P. vitiensis under P. striatifrons and wrote that he had studied the Fairmaire “types” and Nonfried “types” from the Museum of Hamburg and found no difference between the two. Despite Lameere (1902) stating that he studied the “types” of P. vitiensis, that species, as discussed before, was probably described from a single female (holotype).</p> <p>As for P. striatifrons, Weidner (1976) did not register any “type” of that species in the Collection of Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum der Universität Hamburg. One of the authors (K. Matsuda) photographed one specimen in the MNHN that has a label of “Type”. That specimen is a male that agrees very well with the description and redescription of Fairmaire (1879, 1881). Cambefort (2006) also concluded that the types of Fairmaire were in the MNHN.</p> <p>Fairmaire (1881) and Lameere (1902) recorded the work in which was published the description of Parandra striatifrons, respectively: “Naturaliste, 1879, 289” and “Naturaliste, 1879, p. 289”. Dillon and Dillon (1952) recorded another work: “Soc. ent. France, Ann. VI, 1: 486, 1881”. In fact, P. striatifrons was described in the “Petites Nouvelles Entomologiques, no 211, 1879”, that was superseded by “Le Naturaliste – Journal des échanges et des nouvelles”, whose first number was published on IV.01.1879. Fairmaire (1881) published the redescription of that species.</p> <p>Dillon and Dillon (1952) revalidated P. vitiensis, and argued: “This species is easily distinguished from P. striatifrons in that it has the labrum dentate at each side angle of its anterior margin, not medially”. They also presented a key to separate the two species:</p> <p>“Epistoma unidentate; head across eyes not as wide as pronotum..................... P. striatifrons Epistoma bidentate; head across eyes as wide as pronotum.................................. P. vitiensis ”</p> <p>Curiously, Dillon and Dillon (1952) redescribed just the female of P. striatifrons, and in the list of material examined of that species, appear three females and not any males. Both the key presented by the authors and the redescription, and differences mentioned, serve only to separate males from females of P. striatifrons, and does not separate P. striatifrons from P. vitiensis.</p> <p>The redescription by Fairmaire (1881) contradicts the key above: “epistomate inter mandibula vix producto, late sinuato, utrinque angulato.” Apparently, Dillon and Dillon (1952) interpreted that the apex of labrum of P. striatifrons is unidentate, as opposed to P. vitiensis that would have the apex of labrum bidentate. This assumption is not confirmed by examination of the photograph of the holotype and, moreover, Dillon and Dillon (1952) had not taken into consideration the work of Fairmaire (1881) regarding the form of the head (“capite prothorace haud angustiore”), when they affirmed that the “head across eyes not as wide as pronotum.” The differences in the mandibles of the females of the “two species”, pointed out by those authors, are just intraspecific variations.</p> <p>When dealing with P. vitiensis, Dillon and Dillon (1952), probably, interpreted the work by Nonfried (1894), “vorne doppelt geschwift”, as if the apex of the labrum was bidentate. In fact, the work by Nonfried (1894) indicates that this author was speaking of the notches to the side of the apex of labrum (typical and more evident in females). Again, Dillon and Dillon (1952) failed to take into consideration the work by Nonfried (1894) regarding the form of the head (“Kopf schmal”), because they affirmed, as seen above in the key, that the head in this species is as wide as the pronotum.</p> <p>Moreover, the examination of the probable holotype female of P. vitiensis, the photograph of the probable holotype male of P. striatifrons, and the material examined [that includes the material used by Dillon and Dillon (1952)], shows that there are not any differences between these two species. In other words, the synonymy proposed by Lameere (1902) is correct: P. vitiensi s = P. striatifrons.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFFBFFDB66D0FF1816853776	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE5FFD966D0FA5817DF32D6.text	975887B7FFE5FFD966D0FA5817DF32D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanesiandra solomonensis (Arigony 1983) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Melanesiandra solomonensis (Arigony, 1983)</p> <p>(Fig. 24, 25, 83, 136, 137, 223, 266, 327, 379-381)</p> <p>Parandra solomonensis Arigony, 1983: 40, fig. 1-18; 1984: 89, 94, 95, 96, 97, 111, 115, fig. 51, 63-66; Santos-Silva 2002: 32 (note).</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) solomonensis; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; anterior edge of head, parts of mandibles, lateral edges of pronotum and of scutellum, and elytral suture blackish or very dark-brown.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 379). Head wide, proportionally very large in relation to body size; gibbosities of dorsal surface with punctures coarse, abundant and not confluent; area between gibbosities and ocular carina smooth; area near ocular posterior edge and of occiput with coarse punctation; area behind eyes with punctures very coarse, abundant, in part confluent. Central region of clypeus strongly convex together with labrum. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 24), very distinct, wide, and with one small projection on each side. Eyes (Fig. 83) emarginate. Mandibles (Fig. 136) falciform, as long as or just shorter than head; inner margin with two large teeth together protracted. Submentum clearly delimited by fine suture; surface coarsely and abundantly punctate; margin close to mentum wide and barely elevated; pilosity moderately short and very sparse. Antennae not notably short (reaching basal fourth of pronotum); ventral sensorial area of antennae (Fig. 223) visible from side only in apical antennomeres; ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-V not divided by carina; remaining antennomeres divided by carina gradually more elevated towards antennomere XI; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI large.</p> <p>Pronotum convex; disc punctation fine and sparse, gradually coarser laterally (mainly towards anterior angles); anterior margin concave; anterior angles not projected forward; lateral angles well marked, rounded or obtuse; posterior angle well marked. Elytra finely and abundantly punctate (punctures just coarser laterally); elytral carinae absent. Metasternum with some coarse punctures. Metafemur (Fig. 380) moderately short. Metatarsus (without claws) (Fig. 266) longer than metatibia; metatarsomere V longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 381). Dorsal surface of head and area behind eyes with same kind of punctuation as in males, except sparser. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 25) narrow and rounded or subacute, without lateral projections. Mandibles as in Fig. 137.</p> <p>Variability. Integument brown to dark-brown. Males: dorsal surface of head, between gibbosities and ocular carina, with some fine punctures; submentum clearly delimited by fine suture just laterally; antennae notably short (reaching the basal third of pronotum); antennomeres III-VI or III-VII not divided by carina; elytral punctures fine; elytral carinae barely visible.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 16.8-20.5/17.7-20.0; prothorax: length, 3.4-4.3/3.5-4.2; anterior width, 4.5-5.5/4.4-4.8; posterior width, 3.6-4.3/4.1-4.6; humeral width, 4.4-5.4/ 5.0-5.7; elytral length, 9.4-11.3/10.3-11.9.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 327). Solomon Islands (Santa Ana Island, Santa Isabel Island).</p> <p>Material examined. (6 M, 4 F), as follows: SOLOMON ISLANDS. Isabel: Santa Isabel Island (Molao), paratype F, VI.29.1960, C. W. O’Brien coll. (MCNZ). Makira-Ulawa: Santa Ana Island, 2 paratypes M, 1 paratype F, [no date indicated] (MCNZ); 3 M, 2 F [no date indicated] (USNM); M, [no date indicated] (MZSP); paratype F, [no date indicated] (MZSP).</p> <p>Types, type locality. Holotype M, from Solomon Islands, Santa Ana Island, deposited at SMTD. Arigony (1983) stated that the material examined from the Solomon Islands included two pairs (deposited at the Museu de Ciências Naturais da FundaÇÃo Zoobotânica [MCN], Porto Alegre), the holotype and some paratypes (from Staaliches Mueum für Tierkunde [SMTD] Dresden), and the other paratypes at Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BPBM), Honolulu and Smithisonian Institution – United States National Museum (USNM), Washington. However, in the list of type material she listed: holotype at SMTD; 3 M and 2 F at MCN (paratypes), therefore, 5 paratypes and not two pairs; 3 M and 4 F at SMTD (paratypes); 1 F at BPBM. Therefore, there are not any types deposited at USNM, and there are five paratypes deposited at MCNZ (= MCN). Besides, one of the paratypes (female) deposited at MCNZ is not from Santa Ana Island, but from Santa Isabel Island, and the paratypes are 2 M and 3 F, not 3 M and 2 F. The number of males and females deposited at MCNZ was clearly an error, because Arigony (op.cit.) wrote in the list of type material: “3 [male symbol] MCN 56502, 56503, 2 [female symbol] MCN 56501, 56504, 61212”. We received all specimens of Parandrinae from the Oriental province deposited at USNM, among which, there are specimens of M. solomonensis, but none of them have a type label. Additionally, even if one of those specimens had a type label, it would not be a type, because it was not recorded in the list of type material. One paratype female originally deposited at MCNZ is currently deposited at MZSP (donation of Dr. Maria Helena Galileo). We concluded that the paratype female from Santa Isabel Island belongs to BPBM, and was forgotten in MCNZ by Tania Arigony. Dr. Maria Helena Galileo (MCNZ) authorized us to return the paratype to BPBM. This paratype from Santa Isabel Island was collected on VI.29.1960, and not VI.24.1960, as written by Arigony (1983). Additionally, this paratype has the number 61212, the same number listed by Arigony (1983) as a female from Santa Ana Island, deposited at MCNZ.</p> <p>The most important problem, related to the “ paratype ” from Santa Isabel Island, is that the specimen is not a female of M. solomonensis, but a female of M. bougainvillensis.</p> <p>Comments. Although the general appearance of the males of M. solomonensis (Fig. 379) is very different from that of M. striatifrons (Fig. 376), the females of both species are very similar, mainly in head shape.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE5FFD966D0FA5817DF32D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE7FFD966D0FEF8110534B6.text	975887B7FFE7FFD966D0FEF8110534B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanesiandra bougainvillensis Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Melanesiandra bougainvillensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 26, 27, 84, 138, 139, 224, 267, 329, 382-384)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the island of Bougainville in the Solomon Islands.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, from Papua new guinea, Autonomous Region of Bougainville: Bougainville Island (Kukugai Village; 150 m), X.1960, W. W. Brandt coll. (BPBM). Paratypes (4 F), as follows: Papua new guinea, Autonomous Region of Bougainville: Bougainville Island (Kukugai Village; 150 m), F, X.1960, W. W. Brandt coll. (MZSP); F, XII.1960, W. W. Brandt coll. (BPBM). SOLOMON ISLANDS, Makira-Ulawa Province: San Cristobal Island (Wugiroga), F, 8.VIII.1960, C. W. O’Brien coll. (BPBM). Isabel Province: Santa Isabel Island (Molao), F (paratype of Parandra solomonensis Arigony), VI.29.1960, C. W. O’Brien coll. (BPBM).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, brown; anterior edge of head, parts of mandibles, lateral edges of pronotum and of scutellum, and elytral suture blackish or dark-brown.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 382). Head wide, proportionally very large in relation to body size; gibbosities of dorsal surface with punctures coarse, abundant and not confluent; area between gibbosities and ocular carina with depression well defined, and with punctures coarse and very sparse; area behind eyes with punctures very coarse, abundant, in part confluent. Central region of clypeus strongly oblique. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 26) distinct, moderately narrow and barely rounded at apex. Eyes (Fig. 84) emarginate. Mandibles of males (Fig. 138) sub- falciform, shorter than head; inner margin with two teeth together protracted. Submentum glabrous, not clearly delimited by fine suture; surface with coarse punctation, very sparse in central region, in part confluent laterally; margin close to mentum wide and slightly elevated. Antennae not notably short (reaching the pronotal base); ventral sensorial area of antennae not visible from side (Fig. 224), except on apical half of antennomere XI; antennomeres III-X not divided by carina; apical half of antennomere XI divide by carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI small.</p> <p>Pronotum convex; punctation fine and sparse on disc, gradually coarser laterally (mainly towards anterior angles); anterior margin almost in a straight line; anterior angles projecting forward; lateral angles absent; posterior angles sub-rounded. Elytra with punctures barely coarse and abundant, finer and more abundant on apical third; elytral carinae absent. Metasternum with some punctures, coarse, laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 383) moderately short. Metatarsus (without claws) (Fig. 267) approximately as long as metatibia (without apical spines); metatarsomere V longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 384). Eyes large. Apex of central projection of labrum (Fig. 27) narrow, acute or subacute. Ventral sensorial area of apical antennomeres variable, but not distinctly divided by carina at basal third or forth of the segments: divided from antennomere VII; or divided only at antennomere XI. Mandibles as in Fig. 139.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 13.9/16.0-17.6; prothorax: length, 3.0/ 3.3-3.7; anterior width, 3.7/3.9-4.3; posterior width, 3.1/3.3-4.0; humeral width, 3.7/4.3-5.0; elytral length, 8.0/9.9-10.8.</p> <p>Comments. Melanesiandra bougainvillensis (Fig. 382, 384) is similar to M. solomonensis (Fig. 379, 381), but differs, principally, by the clypeus-labrum not strongly convex at middle and absence of a small projection on each side of the central projection of labrum.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE7FFD966D0FEF8110534B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE7FFD866D0F918130536F6.text	975887B7FFE7FFD866D0F918130536F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melanesiandra birai Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Melanesiandra birai sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 28, 85, 140, 225, 268, 385, 386)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague Dr. Ubirajara (Bira) R. Martins de Souza, (MZSP) Brazil, for his extensive contributions to the knowledge of Cerambycidae.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M (ex. Collection Sicard), from Papua new guinea, [no date or collector’s name indicated] (MNHN).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, brown; parts of head and of mandibles, margins of pronotum, and elytral suture blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 385). Head wide, proportionally very large in relation to body size; gibbosities of dorsal surface very distinct, mainly frontally, with punctures fine and moderately abundant (finer towards clypeus); area between gibbosities and ocular carina with depression well defined, smooth; basal area of ocular carina and close to upper ocular lobe coarsely punctate; area behind coarsely punctate. Central region of clypeus strongly oblique. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 28) very prominent, wide and distinctly narrowed to apex. Eyes (Fig. 85) emarginate. Mandibles (Fig. 140) sub-falciform, as long as head; inner margin with two large teeth together protracted around middle, and a large basal tooth; dorsal carina elevated with a large tooth at apex. Submentum slightly depressed, but with well defined transverse furrow close to anterior edge; anterior edge wide, not notably elevated; punctation coarse, sparse towards gula and confluent towards mentum; almost glabrous, except for two long hairs close to the antero-central area. Antennae notably short (not reaching the pronotal base); ventral sensorial area of antennae visible from side (Fig. 225), except in antennomere III; antennomeres IV-XI divided by carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI somewhat small, elongated.</p> <p>Pronotum convex; punctation fine and sparse on disc, gradually coarser laterally (mainly towards anterior angles); anterior margin almost sinuous; anterior angles projecting forward; lateral angles distinct; posterior angles sub-rounded; anterior half vertical laterally, except close to anterior angles. Elytra with punctures barely coarse and moderately abundant near suture and distinctly coarser laterally, mainly on basal two thirds; elytral carinae barely defined. Metasternum finely and sparsely punctate, coarser laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 386) short and wide. Dorsal surface of metatibiae flat at apical half. Metatarsomere V (Fig. 268) just longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 18.7; prothorax: length, 4.4; anterior width, 5.1; posterior width, 4.0; humeral width, 5.2; elytral length, 10.5.</p> <p>Comments. Melanesiandra birai differs from all other species of the genera by the form of central projection of the labrum (Fig. 28). For the form of the central projection of labrum in males of the other species, see figures 22, 24 and 26. Melanesiandra birai was not plotted on a map because there is no precise locality.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE7FFD866D0F918130536F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE6FFDF66D0FAD8101C3636.text	975887B7FFE6FFDF66D0FAD8101C3636.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caledonandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Caledonandra, new genus</p> <p>Etymology. Caledonia + Parandra, in reference to the islands of New Caledonia located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Feminine gender.</p> <p>Type species. Parandra austrocaledonica Montrouzier, 1861.</p> <p>Description. Dorsal area of head, between eyes, without gibbosities or with vague gibbosities, with central depression in “V”. Ocular carina narrow; elevated and distinct from middle of eye to clypeus or slightly elevated and distinct from posterior edge of eye to clypeus. Eyes of male narrow (Fig. 81) (larger width equal to 0.4 times the total length), or moderately wide (Fig. 80) (larger width equal to 0.5 times the total length); wide in female (larger width equal to 0.6 times the total length), or moderately wide (larger width equal to 0.5 times the total length); posterior ocular edge distinct (Fig. 370) or not (Fig. 373); anterior ocular edge with concavity well defined (Fig. 81). Frontoclypeal suture visible only laterally (sometimes absent). Central region of clypeus vertical or barely oblique. Clypeolabral suture visible only laterally (sometimes barely defined throughout). Labrum sub-horizontal or clearly oblique; apex of central projection of male, wide, truncate or rounded; narrow, truncate, rounded or subacute in female. Mandibles of male (Fig. 130, 132) not falciform, at most, as long as head, wide at base of latero-outer face (Fig. 80, 81); dorsal carina elevated, strongly oblique in relation to longitudinal axis, well marked from base to, at most, middle of mandible, fused at apex to more basal tooth of inner margin; inner margin with two teeth; apex with two large teeth, visible on dorsal side, and a third, small tooth, not visible from dorsal side. Mandibles of female (Fig. 131, 133) Birandra -like, only wide at base of latero-outer face; dorsal carina low, restricted to basal third; inner margin with two teeth together protracted, located in middle; apex as in males. Mentum of male with long hair, abundant or very abundant; in female, shorter and sparser. Galea (Fig. 197, 198) long (reaching or surpassing apex of second segment of maxillary palp). Ventral sensorial area of antennae (Fig. 220, 221) visible from side, divided by carina, elevated, visible from side; ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI invading dorsal area (sometimes separated by a very fine band); dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI large, not divided by carina; apex of antennomere XI rounded or barely narrow.</p> <p>Anterior margin of pronotum concave or sinuous; anterior angles of males projected forward or not; in females projected forward; lateral angle strongly marked; posterior angles very distinct. Elytra with punctures barely coarse and well defined, or very fine. Veins MP 3 and MP 4 not fused at their apex (Fig. 213). Femora glabrous. Dorsal face of tibiae rounded. Anterior coxal cavities clearly open. Paronychium with one seta.</p> <p>Included species. Caledonandra austrocaledonica (Montrouzier, 1861), comb. nov.; C. passandroides (Thomson, 1867), comb. nov.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 315). New Caledonia.</p> <p>Comments. Caledonandra differs from all other genera of Parandrini by the: presence of deep depression in “V” at dorsal face of the head; dorsal carina of the mandibles (mainly in males), short, strongly oblique in relation to the longitudinal axis, and fused at apex to the more basal tooth of the inner margin. That last character also occurs in Storeyandra (notably in males), but in that genus there is not the depression in “V” at dorsal face of the head, the apex of labrum of the males is rounded, the mandibles, in both sexes do not have a small tooth near apex at lower surface, and the mandible of the female is somewhat Parandra - like. See comments on Papuandra.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE6FFDF66D0FAD8101C3636	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE1FFDF66D0FBB917DF3736.text	975887B7FFE1FFDF66D0FBB917DF3736.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caledonandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Key to the species of Caledonandra</p> <p>1. Labrum of male with tubercles; elytral punctures very fine and barely visible in both sexes..................................................................................................... C. passandroides (Thomson)</p> <p>— Labrum of male without tubercles; elytral punctures slightly coarse and visible in both sexes....................................................................................... C. austrocaledonica (Montrouzier)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE1FFDF66D0FBB917DF3736	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE1FFDD66D0FA9813D13331.text	975887B7FFE1FFDD66D0FA9813D13331.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caledonandra passandroides (Thomson 1867)	<div><p>Caledonandra passandroides (Thomson, 1867)</p> <p>(Fig. 14, 15, 81, 132, 133, 198, 213, 221, 264, 325, 373-375)</p> <p>Parandra passandroides Thomson, 1867: 107, 116; Lameere 1902: 94, 104; Fauvel 1906: 40; Hayashi 1961b: 10; Webb 1994: 327 (note); Jenis 2008: 117.</p> <p>Parandra Passandroides; Thomson 1878: 4 (type).</p> <p>Parandra (Parandra) passandroides; Lameere 1913: 6 (cat.); 1919: 18; Arigony 1984: 114; Santos-Silva 2002: 32 (note).</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) passandroides; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; dorsal and lateral contour of mandibles, and elytral suture blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 373). Head wide, proportionally very large in relation to body size; dorsal surface nearly planar to sides of depression in “V”, without gibbosities or with gibbosities barely defined; punctation fine near clypeus, gradually coarser towards the occiput and areas near ocular carina, not confluent; area behind eyes with coarse punctures, deep, in part confluent; area between the depression in “V” and ocular carina, near clypeus, with circular depression, deep; ocular carina low, not bifurcated in “Y” near the posterior edge of the eyes (Fig. 373). Eyes (Fig. 81) moderately narrow. Labrum clearly oblique; central projection (Fig. 14) strongly sculptured: two strong tubercles, projected forward; semi-circular projection, elevated, distinctly more prominent in relation to areas to sides and center (each tip of arc starts at the base of the tubercles, see again, Fig 14). Maxillary palp as in Fig. 198. Submentum slightly elevated in central area, clearly separated from gula and part of gena, by semi-circular furrow, large moderately deep; punctation fine and sparse; edge close to mentum moderately narrow and elevated, preceded by large depression, deep throughout; pilosity very short and sparse. Mandibles as in Fig. 132. Antennae (Fig. 221) reaching or almost reaching basal fifth of prothorax.</p> <p>Pronotum finely punctate laterally; center of disc with punctation very fine and sparse; anterior angles not projected forward; anterior margin concave. Elytra very finely punctate, mainly towards the suture; elytral carinae absent. Wings as in Fig. 213. Metasternum with coarse, shallow punctures at sides. Metafemora as in Fig. 374. Metatarsus (without claws) approximately as long as metatibia (including apical spines); metatarsomere V (Fig. 264) as long as I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 375). Punctation of head like in males. Depression in “V” of the dorsal face of head shallower than in males. Labrum without tubercles and without semi-circular projection; apex (Fig. 15) narrow and rounded. Submentum without transverse depression close to anterior edge. Mandibles as in Fig. 133. Anterior angles of prothorax projected forward; anterior margin slightly sinuous (central area clearly concave).</p> <p>Variability. Integument pale-brown to dark-brown; submentum completely blackish; legs brown. Males: depression semi-circular on dorsal face of head moderately shallow and barely defined; area behind eyes with punctures shallow; surface of submentum strongly furrowed transversely; area close to anterior margin of submentum with furrow narrow and very deep; submentum glabrous; center of pronotal disc smooth; metatarsus (without claws) longer than metatibia (length equals to 0.9 times). Female: depression in “V” of dorsal face of head like in males; submentum with transverse depression, shallow, close to anterior edge.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 12.3-21.0/13.9-18.9; prothorax: length, 2.3-3.7/2.7-3.7; anterior width, 3.2-5.6/3.6-4.5; posterior width, 2.7-4.4/3.2-4.4; humeral width, 3.2-5.5/ 3.7-5.4; elytral length, 6.7-10.6/8.3-10.7.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 325). New Caledonia (Grande Terre, Ouvéa, Lifou).</p> <p>Material examined. (14 M, 10 F), as follows: new caledonia. F, [date not indicated], Deyr. coll. (MCGD); F, [date not indicated] (MCGD); 3 M, 4 F, [date not indicated] (IRSN); 2 M, 1878, Deyr. coll. (MCGD); M, F, XII.1-7.2006, Ivo Jenis coll. (ZKCO). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.60834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.479168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.60834/lat -21.479168)">Grande Terre</a>: Me Jejehari (750 m; 165 o 36’30”E, 21 o 28’45S), M, XI.5.1986, Brown coll. (MEMU); Mount Panié (250 m), M, F, X.30.1986, Brown coll. (MEMU); Ouril (60 miles of Nouméa), M, ex. Fauvel Collection, [date not indicated] (MZSP); Sarraméa, M, F, XII.27.2006- I.10.2007, Ivo Jenis coll. (ZKCO); Tonghoué, M, F, [date not indicated] (IRSN); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=165.76666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.566668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 165.76666/lat -21.566668)">Table Unio Road</a> (21 o 34’S, 165 o 46’E; 600 m), 2 M, 14.XI.2000, Bouchard, Burwell, Monteith coll. (QMCO). Lifou: M, [no date indicated] (IRSN).</p> <p>Type, type locality. Holotype M, from New Caledonia, deposited at MNHN.</p> <p>Comments. One of the authors (K. Matsuda) photographed three “types” in the collection of the MNHN: 1 lectotype male; 1 paralectotype male; and 1 paralectotype female. The designations of lectotype and paralectotype were never published. Therefore, the labels fixed on each of the specimens have no value. Besides, Thomson (1867) wrote: “Long 17 mill.; lat. 5 mill.” That indicates that Thomson (1867) had just one specimen, because when he had more than one, he indicated the measurements, for example, in Parandra sayi described in the same work: “Long. 11-17 mill.; lat. 3 1/2-5 1/2 mill.”. Thomson (1867) also did not know the female of P. passandroides, which, by itself, immediately excludes the “ paralectotype ” female. Thomson (1867) also stated at the end of his description that he had one specimen given to him by Fauvel. Besides, Thomson (1867) wrote: “prothorax sublaevis, antice quase rectus” [English translation: “prothorax almost smooth, anteriorly almost straight”]. That description of the anterior margin of the prothorax fits better to the male that has the label of “ Lectotype ” than the other. We believe that the holotype is the specimen that has the label of “Type” (characteristic of the types of the J. Thomson Collection) and “ Lectotype ”. The other two specimens that have labels of “ paralectotype ” should not be considered as types.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE1FFDD66D0FA9813D13331	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE3FFD366D0FE9813DB30F6.text	975887B7FFE3FFD366D0FE9813DB30F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caledonandra austrocaledonica (Montrouzier 1861) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Caledonandra austrocaledonica (Montrouzier, 1861)</p> <p>(Fig. 12, 13, 80, 130, 131, 197, 220, 263, 319, 369-372)</p> <p>Parandra austrocaledonica Montrouzier, 1861: 278; Lameere 1902: 94, 104; Fauvel 1906: 40; Hayashi 1961b: 10.</p> <p>Parandra (Parandra) austrocaledonica; Lameere 1913: 6 (cat.); 1919: 17; Arigony 1984: 113; Webb 1994: 327 (note); Santos-Silva 2002: 32 (note).</p> <p>Parandra austro-caledonica; Thomson 1867: 107, 113.</p> <p>Parandra neocaledonica; Borre 1881: 138 (error).</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) austrocaledonica; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head, mandibles and legs, margins of pronotum and elytral suture, blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 370). Head wide, proportionally large in relation to body size; dorsal surface convex to sides of depression in “V”, without gibbosities; punctation fine, sparse, close to clypeus, gradually coarser towards occiput, not confluent; area behind eyes with coarse punctures, deep, in part confluent; area between depression in “V” and ocular carina, near clypeus, without circular depression; ocular carina elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes (Fig. 370). Eyes (Fig. 80) moderately wide. Labrum clearly sub-oblique; central projection (Fig. 12) with anterior margin clearly emarginate, with surface strongly concave (the whole with bifid aspect). Mandibles as in Fig. 130. Submentum flat in central area, separated from gula and part of gena, by semi-circular furrow, narrow and not deep; punctation fine and sparse; edge close to mentum moderately large and elevated laterally, absent at central area; area close to anterior margin with large depression at sides; pilosity very short and sparse. Antennae (Fig. 220) reaching base of prothorax.</p> <p>Pronotum punctation coarse, shallow, confluent laterally (mainly close to anterior angles); sides microsculptured; center of disc with punctation very fine and sparse; anterior angles subacute, projected forward; anterior margin sinuous. Elytra moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate, except at apical fifth, where punctures are finer; each elytron with two carinae barely visible. Metasternum with coarse punctures at sides. Femora (Fig. 263) short, moderately enlarged at middle. Metatarsus (without claws) barely shorter than metatibia (excluding the apical spines); metatarsomere V as long as I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 372). Punctation of dorsal face of head, of submentum, of pronotum, and of elytra as in males. Depression in “V” of dorsal face of head shallower than in males. Labrum without tubercles and without semi-circular projection; apex (Fig. 13) narrow and rounded or sub-rounded. Submentum without transversal depression close to anterior edge. Mandibles (Fig. 131). Anterior angles of prothorax projected forward; anterior margin sinuous.</p> <p>Variability. Integument pale-brown to dark-brown. Males: dorsal surface of head, close to clypeus, with fine punctures; punctures close to occiput, in part confluent; area behind eyes with punctures slightly coarse, shallow and sparse; submentum slightly elevated at central area; furrow that separates submentum from gula barely defined at central region; fine punctures of submentum mixed with coarse, shallow punctures; anterior edge of submentum narrow and elevated throughout; area close to anterior edge of submentum with wide furrow throughout; submentum glabrous or almost glabrous; lateral sides of pronotum, close to anterior angles, with small tubercles; center of pronotal disc with fine, sparse punctures; anterior angles of prothorax rounded and slightly projected forward; elytral carinae absent; metatarsus (without claws) just as long as metatibia. Female: submentum with transverse depression, shallow, close to anterior edge; punctation of submentum barely coarse and abundant.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 15.5-22.4/16.1-21.8; prothorax: length, 3.3-4.8/3.3-4.5; anterior width, 4.1-6.4/3.9-5.4; posterior width, 3.5-5.0/3.8-5.1; humeral width, 4.2-6.5/ 4.4-6.4; elytral length, 9.1-13.6/10.3-13.2.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 319). New Caledonia (Grande Terre).</p> <p>Material examined. (12 M, 7 F), as follows: new caledonia. 3 M, 3 F, [date not indicated] (IRSN). Grande Terre: Forêt Thy Reserve (150 m), F, 21.V.1984, G. Monteith and D. Cook coll. (QMCO); Kanala, M, [date not indicated] (IRSN); La Foa, M, XII.2000, S. Bily coll. (OMCO); Moindou – Prony, M, [date not indicated] (IRSN); Mount Koghi, M, F, I.27.1963, C. M. Yoshimoto coll. (BPBM); M, F, III.22-25-1999, S. Bily coll. (OMCO); M, III.22-25-1999, S. Bily coll. (DHCO); Nouméa, F, [no date indicated] (IRSN); Pic du Grand Kaori (22 o 17’D, 166 o 54E; 250 m;), M, 21.XI.2001 - 29.I.2002, G. Monteith coll. (QMCO); Reviere Bleue, 1 M, 1 F, XII.30.1997, Y. Johki coll. (KMCT); Yahoué, M, [date not indicated] (IRSN); M, [date not indicated] (MZSP).</p> <p>Type, type locality. Holotype M, from New Caledonia, Balade (north-east coast of Grande Terre). According to Damoiseau (1966) the holotype is lost: “De Nouvelle-Calédonie, les premiers envois de Montrouzier furent addresses au collectionneur amateur Doué. Une partie des envois ultérieurs fut perdue au cours de leur expedition vers l’Europe; l’auteur n’en publia pas moins la description des espèces nouvelles que contenaient ces envois” [English translation: “From New Caledonia, the first parcels of Montrouzier were sent to the amateur collector Doué. A part of the following parcels to Europe was lost during their travel to Europe; nevertheless the author published the description of the new species that were contained inside these parcels”]. We verified in many museums where the types of Montrouzier are, or could be deposited, with help from Gérard Tavakilian (MNHN) and Alain Drumont (IRSN), without success. Arigony (1984) stated that according to Horne and Kahle (1935:37), the type was deposited in MNHN, however Horn and Kahle (1935) did not make that statement. We thus concur with Damoiseau (1966) that the holotype is lost.</p> <p>Designation of neotype. As there are two very similar species in New Caledonia, it is important to designate a neotype for Parandra austrocaledonica. We chose a specimen from the collection of IRSN, because there are a great number of types of Montrouzier deposited in that Museum (Damoiseau 1966). The neotype male (Fig. 370) has the following labels:</p> <p>1. Pink [printed]: Coll. I. R. Sc. N. B.</p> <p>2. White (glued on the pink label) [printed]: N.lle Calédonie; Coll. Schramm; Achat Le Moult</p> <p>3. White: Parandra austrocaledonica; T. Arigony det. 1972 (austrocaledonica and 72 handwritten)</p> <p>Comments. Although Lameere (1913, 1919) had mentioned “ neocaledonica Borre ” and Arigony (1984) had written “ Parandra neocaledonica Borre, 1881 ”, the epithet “ neocaledonica ” was just a spelling error. Borre (1881) was not describing any species or giving name to a monstrosity. This is very clear in the text: “M. de Borre communique des corrections... Il met enfin sous les yeux de sés collègues um coléoptère anormal, à propos duquel il lit la note suivante: Dans un envoi d’insectes de la Nouvelle-Calédonie que le Musée a reÇu il y quelques jours de M. Hanckar, se trouve un exemplaire du Parandra neocaledonica Montrouzier, présentant un cas de monstruosité par excès assez développé” [English translation: “M. De Borre communicates of corrections... He finally places under the eyes of his colleagues an abnormal beetle, regarding which he reads the following note: In a dispatch of insects from New Caledonia that the Museum has received a few days ago from Mr. Hanckar, was found a specimen of Parandra neocaledonica Montrouzier, presenting a case of monstrosity by excess development”]. Besides, as it is actually understood, the published text was not written by Borre, but by the secretary of the Société Entomologique de Belgique, who inserted the text read by Borre, from the minutes of the meeting.</p> <p>The galea described and figured by Arigony (1984: fig. 36) is extremely short, reaching the base of the second segment of the maxillary palp, identical to that of Hawaiiandra puncticeps. In all specimens examined by us (Fig. 197), the galea is clearly longer, reaching the apex of the second segment of the maxillary palp.</p> <p>On the lectotype of Parandra gabonica Thomson, 1858. Quentin and Villiers (1975) designated two lectotypes for Parandra gabonica Thomson and thus by the ICZN Code in force at that time and currently, both of those designations are invalid. Quentin and Villiers (1975) designated a lectotype for Parandra gabonica: “ P. gabonica Thomson est représenté dans la collection de cet auteur par trois exemplaires du Gabon et quelques exemplaires de Côte d’Ivoire (Bassam); dans sa description il cite également des exemplaires de Benguella (coll. Mniszech). Nous désignons comme lectotype [male symbol] un exemplaire de 17 mm de longueur et comme lectotype [female symbol] un exemplaire de 20 mm de longueur”. The designation actually has two problems. The first one is that Quentin and Villiers (1975) designated two lectotypes. In 1975, the Code in force (ICZN 1964) did not permit designation of two specimens for lectotype. As in ICZN (1999), only one specimen can be designated as lectotype, and the remaining become paralectotypes. That problem, by itself, makes the designations invalid, but there is another problem that permits the inclusion of that discussion here. The “ lectotype ” male of Parandra gabonica (Fig. 369) is a specimen of C. austrocaledonica (Montrouzier, 1861). We believe that the mistake was not made by Thomson (1858) because he wrote “Prothorax dépassant fortement la tête à sa naissance, arrondi sur les bords latéraux postérieurs”, a description that does not agree with C. austrocaledonica. It is possible to see that the label put on that specimen of C. austrocaledonica, designated as lectotype of Parandra gabonica, is identical to that put on the female designated as lectotype of the same species. Therefore, there is no doubt that both labels are by Quentin and Villiers. Article 74.2 of the ICZN (1999) establishes: “If it is demonstrated that a specimen designated as a lectotype was not a syntype, it loses its status of lectotype ”. For these two problems exposed, the designation of lectotype for Parandra gabonica is obviously canceled.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE3FFD366D0FE9813DB30F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFEDFFD366D0FCD8110134D6.text	975887B7FFEDFFD366D0FCD8110134D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hawaiiandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Hawaiiandra, new genus</p> <p>Etymology. Hawaii + Parandra, in reference to Hawaiian Islands, an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean. Feminine gender.</p> <p>Type species. Parandra puncticeps Sharp, 1878.</p> <p>Description. Dorsal area of head, between the eyes, without gibbosities and longitudinal furrow or central depression in “V”, slightly depressed at central region close to clypeus (sometimes, with depression in “V” well marked in females). Ocular carina wide, very low from posterior edge of eyes to clypeus. Eyes (Fig. 75) wide (larger width equal to 0.5 times total length); anterior ocular edge (Fig. 75) clearly emarginated; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 347, 350) barely distinct. Frontoclypeal suture visible only laterally (sometimes suture complete). Central region of clypeus strongly oblique in females (sometimes, not strongly oblique), and oblique in males. Clypeolabral suture distinct throughout. Labrum barely oblique in male and oblique in female; central projection of male, wide or narrow, but always sub-triangular; in female, narrow and slightly rounded at apex. Mandibles of major male (Fig. 347, 348) falciform, sub-falciform in minor male (Fig. 352), longer than head, narrow at base of latero-outer face (Fig. 75); dorsal carina elevated, well marked from base to middle; inner margin with two teeth together protracted, placed before middle of mandible; apical teeth fused or sub-fused in major male and separated in minor male; apex of latero-outer face without small tooth. Mandibles of female (Fig. 74) Parandra -like, moderately wide at base of latero-outer face; dorsal carina elevated from base to middle of mandible; inner margin with two teeth together protracted, placed before middle; apex with two teeth large and distinct; apex of latero-outer face with a very small tooth, sometimes nearly absent. Mentum with long hair, somewhat abundant. Galea (Fig. 199) short (not reaching apex of second segment of maxillary palp). Ventral sensorial area of antennae (Fig. 216) visible from side, divided by carina, very elevated, visible from side; ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI invading dorsal area; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI large, not divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum convex; anterior margin concave; anterior angles projected forward (in general, more visible in females); lateral angle well defined or not; posterior angles defined and distinct. Elytra finely punctate. Veins MP 3 and MP 4 fused at their apex (Fig. 209). Apex of prosternal process broadened. Femora pilose (mainly in the ventral face). Dorsal face of tibiae rounded at basal half, and flat on apical half. Anterior coxal cavities open. Paronychium with two setae.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFEDFFD366D0FCD8110134D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFEDFFD266D0F8F9171F3196.text	975887B7FFEDFFD266D0F8F9171F3196.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hawaiiandra puncticeps (Sharp 1878) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Included species. Hawaiiandra puncticeps (Sharp, 1878), comb. nov.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 315). Hawaiian Islands.</p> <p>Comments. Hawaiiandra differs from Birandra, mainly, by the absence of the small tooth at the apex of the latero-outer face of the mandible of the male (Fig. 75), by the mandible of the female (Fig. 74) similar to those of Parandra and Archandra, by the short galea (Fig. 199), and by the procoxal cavities slightly open behind. In Birandra, the mandibles in both sexes have a small tooth at the apex of the latero-outer face, the mandibles of the female (Fig. 119) are different from that of Parandra (Fig. 121) and Archandra, the galea is long (reaching or surpassing the apex of the second segment of maxillary palp), and the procoxal cavities are clearly open behind.</p> <p>Hawaiiandra differs from Acutandra, mainly, by the mandibles strongly differentiated between the sexes (sub-equal in Acutandra). Differs from Parandra, Archandra, Neandra and Stenandra, by the procoxal cavities open behind (closed in the four genera). From Neandra, differs also by the presence of paronychium (absent in Neandra). From Komiyandra, differs by the mandibles of the major male clearly falciform (Fig. 123), and by the veins MP 3 and MP 4 fused at their apex (Fig. 209). In Komiyandra, the mandibles of the major male are sub-falciform (Fig. 154), and the veins MP 3 and MP 4 are not fused at their apex (Fig. 211). Differs from Melanesiandra by the absence of the teeth at the apex of the lateroouter face of the mandibles of the major male, by the procoxal cavities slightly open behind, and by the paronychium with two setae. In Melanesiandra, the apex of the latero-outer face of the mandibles in both sexes have small teeth, the procoxal cavities are clearly open behind, and the paronychium has a single seta.</p> <p>Curiously, Archandra caspia (Ménétriés, 1832) from Asia, and many species of Parandra from America, have a similar general appearance to Hawaiiandra and that species, in turn, has a similar appearance to some species from the Oriental Province, mainly Melanesiandra striatifrons. That seems to contradict the theory of Lameere (1902) that Archandra (which included the species presently placed in Parandra) is the most primitive group, primarily because the species of Parandrinae are obviously Gondwanan and the Hawaiian Islands are geologically new, besides the isolation of Archandra in relation to Parandra.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFEDFFD266D0F8F9171F3196	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFECFFD766D0FC38104F3096.text	975887B7FFECFFD766D0FC38104F3096.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hawaiiandra puncticeps (Sharp 1878) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Hawaiiandra puncticeps (Sharp, 1878)</p> <p>(Fig. 30, 74, 75, 123, 199, 209, 216, 259, 345, 347-353)</p> <p>Parandra puncticeps Sharp, 1878: 202; Blackburn and Sharp 1885: 260; Sharp 1900: 95; Koebele 1901: 61; Lameere 1902: 82; Terry 1905: 73; Perkins 1907a: 96; 1912: 257; Lameere 1913: 5 (cat.); Giffard 1914: 14; Lameere 1919: 17; Swezey 1921: 170; Giffard 1922a: 28; 1922b: 118; Swezey 1922: 29; 1925: 198; 1931: 496, 498; 1935: 92; Ford 1952: 358; Duffy 1953: 141; Swezey 1954: 11, 60, 161, 217; Gressitt and Davis 1970: 388; Ibara 1972: 156; Gressitt and Davis 1972: 4; 1973: 214; Davis 1973: 157; Simon et al. 1984: 12; Suehiro 1986: 51; Stone and Pratt 1994: 281; Santos-Silva 2002: 32.</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) puncticeps; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, dark-brown; parts of head, mandibles, pronotal margins, elytral suture, apex and lower edge of femora and of tibiae blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 347, 348). Head proportionally large (Fig. 348) or very large (Fig. 347), almost as wide as apex of pronotum. Center of dorsal surface of head punctate: with punctures coarse and sparse, between clypeus and posterior edge of eyes; coarsely punctate, in part confluent, laterally, close to eyes; in central area, between posterior edge of eyes and occiput, with punctures barely coarse and more abundant than in area between the eyes. Dorsal face of head, close to basal edge of clypeus, with smooth transverse strip that expands triangularly at central area. Area behind eyes coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures finer than in dorsal area close to eyes), in part confluent. Clypeus and labrum with long, moderately abundant hairs. Submentum depressed, coarsely and moderately sparse; anterior edge distinctly elevated; pilosity moderately long and abundant. Mandibles as long as head (Fig. 123). Eyes as in Fig. 75. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 30).</p> <p>Pronotum 1.5 times wider than long; lateral margins sub-parallel at anterior two-thirds; central area of disc finely and sparsely punctate; lateral with punctures barely coarser and moderately abundant, mainly near posterior and anterior angles; anterior margin slightly concave at central region. Elytral punctation sparse. Metasternum with punctures slightly coarse, barely abundant close to metepisterna, finer and sparser towards the metasternal suture. Metepisterna coarsely, abundantly punctate at basal fourth, gradually finer and sparser towards apex. Metafemur (Fig. 349) short and enlarged; lower edge of femurs with moderately long, abundant hairs, mainly in metafemora. Tibiae clearly enlarged at apex. Metatarsus (without claws) longer than metatibiae; metatarsomere V (Fig. 259) longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 350). Dorsal surface of head, pronotum, and elytra with same sculpture as male, and with same variations. Submentum depressed, coarsely punctate, abundant and confluent close to anterior edge, and more scattered towards gula; pilosity long and moderately abundant; anterior edge gradually elevated. Lateral margins of pronotum slightly rounded and convergent between lateral and anterior angles.</p> <p>Variability. Male: center of dorsal surface of head, between clypeus and posterior edge of eyes, coarsely punctate, slightly sparser than in area behind eyes; clypeus with sparse hairs; mandibles from as long as head to longer than head; submentum not depressed and without elevation at anterior margin; punctures of submentum moderately abundant, in part confluent; pronotum from 1.4 to 1.6 times wider than long; lateral margins of anterior two-thirds of pronotum from convergent to divergent; punctures of central area of pronotum fine or very fine, sparse or abundant; pronotum laterally with moderately fine and sparse punctures, and barely coarse close to posterior and/or anterior angles; anterior margin of pronotum from slightly concave at central area to distinctly concave throughout; elytral punctation barely fine and, frequently, moderately abundant; metasternum finely and sparsely punctate throughout, including, close to metepisterna; tibiae not strongly enlarged at apex. Female: submentum with hairs moderately sparse.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 22.0-26.5/26.0-30.3; prothorax: length, 4.4-5.0/5.3-5.8; anterior width, 5.5-7.2/6.2-7.7; posterior width, 5.1-6.3/6.9-7.9; humeral width, 5.9-7.5/ 8.0-9.3; elytral length, 13.1-14.4/16.3-18.5.</p> <p>Geographical distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Hawaii, Kauai, Maui, Molokai, Oahu).</p> <p>Material examined. (4 M, 4 F), as follows: USA, Hawaii: M, I.14.1929, (MZSP); M, F (syntypes), [no date or name of collector] (IRSN); Oahu Island: Mount Kaala, M, VII.5.1957 (BPBM); Judd Trail, F, VIII.14.1919, O. H. Swezey coll. (BPBM); Tantalus, F, IV.23.1905, W. M. Giffard coll. (BPBM); 1 M, 1 F, V.14.1978, [no collector indicated] (MTCO). Big Island: 29 miles Olaa; 3800 ft; collected as pupa - reared until adult eclosion in VIII.1921 – specimen commented by Giffard 1922b), M, VII.1921, W. M. Giffard coll. (BPBM); 29 miles Kilanea, F, II.10.1912, W. M. Giffard coll. (BPBM).</p> <p>Types, type locality. We have no conclusive proof of where any of the specimens used in the original description are located. Evidence points to the specimens being in the BMNH, however it is possible that some may be in the IRSN or the MNHN. Sharp (1878) described Parandra puncticeps based on two males and, probably, a single female: “In the female the length of this segment [apical ventral segment] is considerably greater, and its hind margin is obscurely truncate in the middle; the punctures are less obsolete, and the abundant ciliae of the hind margin are twice as long as in the male. Of this latter sex I have two individuals before me, one small the other large”. All specimens are from Hawaii, Oahu Island.</p> <p>We received a couple of “ syntypes ” from IRSN, from Hawaii (without precise locality), and one of the authors (Matsuda) has examined a “ syntype ” female in MNHN, from Oahu Island. However, we suspect that the true syntypes of P. puncticeps are deposited at BMNH (Fig. 351-353). Sharon Shute (BMNH, pers. comm.) wrote: “I have found three specimens of puncticeps Sharp that are definitely syntypes. There is one male double mounted on the original card, and on the card is written “male a. Ins Oahu Blackburn 1877, Type D.S.”; there is an additional BM printed label “ Hawaiian Islands, Blackburn”, and a BM registration number “Sharp 1905-313”. There is a female with the same data plus a small male where the card has been cut and put below the specimen; on the card it states “male b. same data”.</p> <p>It is important to point out that the calligraphy on labels of the specimens mentioned by Sharon Shute, agrees very well to that figured by Horn and Kahle (1936) of a label by David Sharp.</p> <p>Horn and Kahle (1936) wrote on Sharp’s collection: “Sharp, David (1840 – 1922), Lamellicorn. der I. Sammlg. an R. Oberthür (Rennes). – Cerambycid. ex parte via E. Le Moult, via P. Boppe zurück an E. Le Moult (Paris); ex parte via Janson &amp; Sons, via J. Archad, via P. Boppe an E. Le Moult (Paris). – Spezial-Sammlg. brit. Coleopt. via Tochter an Brit. Mus. N. H., London. – Rest 1907 an Brit. Mus. N. H., London. – Hinterlassene Privat-Sammlg. Curculionid. der Welt ex parte an Brit. Mus. N. H., London; ex parte 1927/28 an Exper. Station. Hawaiian Sugar Planters Assoc., Honolulu”.</p> <p>In spite of the statements above, Cambefort (2007) has not recorded the Boppe Collection or the Le Moult Collection in MNHN. However, there are some specimens from the Le Moult Collection deposited at MNHN, but usually in an indirect manner explained by Cambefort (2007).</p> <p>On the Sharp Collection, Cambefort (2007) wrote: “As collection de coléoptères, très riche em exemplaires des colonies anglaises, fut dispersée. Son ami Oberthür put acquérir le “premier choix” des scarabéides, avec les nombreux types qu’ils refermaient”. That information agrees with that by Horn and Kahle (1936) about the lamellicorns of Sharp’s Collection.</p> <p>Based on the personal communication of Sharon Shute and pictures of the specimens deposited at BMNH, we can only presume that the “ syntypes ”, deposited at IRSN, are not true types. Unfortunately, we can only suppose that the female “ syntypes ” deposited at IRSN and MNHN are not true types. It is important to mention that the calligraphy on the labels of the specimens deposited at IRSN does not agree with that on a Sharp’s label figured on Horn and Kahle (1936: plate XXIV, fig. 36).</p> <p>The “ syntype ” female deposited at MNHN, although being a female of P. puncticeps, was glued. It is evident there is glue joining the prothorax with the remaining body. Besides, the head is not of P. puncticeps, and not of a female: it is a head of a male of Komiyandra, probably K. javana.</p> <p>From above, we believe that the true syntypes of Parandra puncticeps are deposited at BMNH, but we are not designating a lectotype at this time because we are unable to absolutely prove that the specimens are really the syntypes (one or all).</p> <p>Comments. Sharp (1900), was the first to write on the extreme variation: “This species exhibits a great deal of variation in the form and proportions of the prothorax, epistome, mandibles, etc. and there may possibly be more than one form in the islands. The material before me is not sufficient to decide as to this, owing to the development of the individual being subject to much variation; but the varieties appear to be to some extent located in different islands”.</p> <p>Later, Giffard (1922b) who collected and reared some specimens at Oahu, wrote: “Although the mandibles and the lateral margins of the thorax are extremely variable in male examples from each island, there are intermediate forms which connect these extremes. This is quite noticeable both as to structure and sculpture in the eighteen reared specimens from Hawaii previously referred to. The smaller series taken “in situ” on Oahu and Kauai present the same tendencies. The representative collections of this Cerambycid have heretofore been very sparse in individual specimens, and in consequence many of the variations noticed from time to time have led some to suspect the possibility of more than the one species described. Examination and study of a series like the present one, however, tends to lessen any such suspicion unless some other important but constant character than is yet known can be found by further study of larger series from all the islands in the archipelago”.</p> <p>Contrarily, Gressitt (1978) recorded: “There are 2 other lines of endemic Hawaiian Cerambycidae, but these each represent a single species (each in a different subfamily: Parandrinae and Prioninae) which have not proliferated at all. Both of these, Parandra puncticeps Sharp and Megopis reflexa (Karsch), are found on all the major islands of the chain, and individuals from the different islands do not seem to have developed any local population characteristics”.</p> <p>As in some species of Parandra, the form of the head and of the prothorax suffers from great variation in H. puncticeps, as pointed out by Sharp (1900). Those variations are not related with the geographical distribution, and so, they are only specific variation, that can be confirmed through the intermediate forms between the extremes. Although this shows that Sharp (1900) was wrong on the possible existence of different forms among the Hawaiian Islands, it also shows that Gressitt (1978) omitted that possibility or, at least, did not comment on the great specific variation in the species.</p> <p>Also, without commenting on anything about the shape variation, Zimmerman (1942) wrote on Parandra puncticeps: “On the other hand, there are genera which have not developed species complexes in the islands. Parandra, for example, is considered one of the most primitive genera of the Cerambycidae (longhorn bettles [sic]) and is world wide in distribution. It has only one endemic species in Hawaii and only one in Fiji. I see no reason for considering that the ancestors of the Hawaiian Parandra arrived in Hawaii at any later date than did the ancestors of the Plagithmysus group; yet the Plagithmysus group has split up into six groups called genera and no less than 95 species. I do not know why Parandra should not have followed the course of Plagithmysus - but there is probably a good reason, hidden at the moment, which some geneticist might interpret in the future”. This comment was followed by Gressitt (1971): “The 122 or more endemic cerambycids of Hawaii have evolved from only three original ancestral lines. Two of these, representing the Parandrinae and Prioninae, have only one species each, whereas the third, in the Cerambycinae, has evolved extensively, adaptively radiating so that the species were assigned to eight genera”.</p> <p>Curiously, nobody commented on the similar appearance of H. puncticeps, Archandra caspia and the species of Parandra, that share many characters that do not occur in the other genera of Parandrini, like the paronychium with more than one setae, shape of the mandible in females, and procoxal cavities almost closed (closed in Archandra and Parandra).</p> <p>Blackburn and Sharp (1885) commented on the possibility of H. puncticeps occurring outside of the Hawaiian Islands: “This species or a closely allied one occurs in the Philippines islands”. Although we do not know any species similar to H. puncticeps from the Philippines, there are two possibilities to explain the specimen(s) studied by Blackburn and Sharp (1885): specimen(s) wrongly labeled; or an evident error of identification. We do not know any work in which the Philippines has been formally included as an area of occurrence of H. puncticeps.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFECFFD766D0FC38104F3096	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE9FFD666D0FD3813713356.text	975887B7FFE9FFD666D0FD3813713356.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malukandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Malukandra, new genus</p> <p>Etymology. Maluku + Parandra, in reference to the Maluku Islands (also known as Moluccas or Molucca Islands), an archipelago in Indonesia, located east of Sulawesi (Celebes), west of New Guinea, and north of Timor. Feminine gender.</p> <p>Type species. Parandra heterostyla Lameere, 1902.</p> <p>Description. Dorsal area of head, between eyes, with gibbosities barely marked, separated by shallow furrow, without central depression in “V”. Ocular carina elevated or barely elevated, wide or moderately wide from middle to clypeus (in females, from beginning of ocular carina). Eyes (Fig. 77) moderately wide; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 360) distinct; anterior ocular edge without concavity (limits between upper and lower lobes not marked) or with small concavity. Frontoclypeal suture visible only laterally. Central region of clypeus oblique. Clypeolabral suture visible in full extension or nearly so. Central projection of labrum of male narrow and rounded (Fig. 19) or subacute (Fig. 18); central projection in female subacute (Fig. 21). Mandibles of male sub-falciform and barely longer than head (Fig. 364) or not falciform and shorter than head (Fig. 360); dorsal carina absent or nearly so; inner margin dentate; outer face wide at base and abruptly narrowed around middle, forming a tooth (Fig. 77-79); apex with two large teeth, visible dorsally, and a third, small tooth, not visible dorsally; inner face with strong and successive transverse keels (Fig. 361). Mandibles of female (Fig. 129), dorsally, Birandra -like; outer face and dorsal carina as in male; inner margin dentate; dorsal face with transverse depression at base; inner face without transverse keels. Mentum with long, sparse hair, or glabrous, or nearly glabrous. Galea long (reaching or almost reaching base of fourth segment of maxillary palp). Ventral sensorial area of antennae (Fig. 218) not visible from side, and not divided by carina; ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI invading dorsal area; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI large, divided, or not, by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum convex; anterior edge of male barely concave at central region, and in female, concave; anterior angles of male barely projected forward or not projected, and in female, clearly projected forward; lateral angle distinct, or barely distinct or absent; posterior angles well defined, obtuse or in right angle. Elytra with coarse, deep punctures or somewhat coarse and not notably deep. Veins MP 3 and MP 4 not fused at their apex. Apex of prosternal process barely enlarged. Femora glabrous. Dorsal face of tibiae rounded. Procoxal cavities clearly open behind. Metatarsomere III clearly bilobed. Paronychium with one seta.</p> <p>Included species. Malukandra heterostyla (Lameere, 1902), comb. nov.; M. jayawijayana Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; M. hornabrooki Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 315). Indonesia (Sulawesi (?), Halmahera and Irian Jaya) and Papua New Guinea.</p> <p>Comments. Malukandra differs from other genera of Parandrinae by the presence of a tooth on the outer face of mandibles in both sexes, and by the presence of transverse keels on inner face of the mandible of males.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE9FFD666D0FD3813713356	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE8FFD666D0FE7917DF30D6.text	975887B7FFE8FFD666D0FE7917DF30D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malukandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Key to the males of Malukandra</p> <p>1. Dorsal surface of head finely punctate between eyes; anterior angles of pronotum clearly projected forward. Papua New Guinea.......................................................... M. hornabrooki, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Dorsal surface of head coarsely punctate between eyes; anterior angles of pronotum slightly or not projected forward...................................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>2(1). Mandible not falciform, without distinct concavity at inner margin (Fig. 126). Indonesia (Sulawesi?, Halmahera).................................................................................... M. heterostyla (Lameere)</p> <p>— Mandible sub-falciform, with distinct concavity at inner margin (Fig. 127). Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea...................................................................... M. jayawijayana, sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE8FFD666D0FE7917DF30D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFE8FFD566D0FCF810BD31D6.text	975887B7FFE8FFD566D0FCF810BD31D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malukandra hornabrooki Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Malukandra hornabrooki sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 20, 21, 79, 128, 129, 219, 262, 317, 366-368)</p> <p>Parandra janus; Hüdepohl 1990: 50, fig. 2.</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to Dr. Richard W. Hornabrook for his contributions in medicine and entomology, and for collecting part of the type series.</p> <p>Type-material. Holotype M (ex Hüdepohl Collection), PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Eastern Highlands: Kainantu District, Onerunka, X. 20.1979, (ZSMC). Paratypes (5 M, 5 F), as follows: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Eastern Highlands: Kainantu District, Onerunka, M, XII.24.1979, (MZSP); M, F, II.09.1980, (ZSMC); M, X.20.1979, (ZSMC); F, II.2.1980, (ZSMC); F, III.1980, (ZSMC); Okapa District, Okapa: M, VII.10.1964, R. Hornabrook coll. (CHKC); F, I.1968, R. Hornabrook coll. (MZSP); M, IX.1971, R. Hornabrook coll. (CHKC). Morobe: Aseki - Hokanaiwa (1600-1900m), F, II.14.1998, A. Riedel coll. (AWCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; parts of head and mandibles, margins of pronotum, elytral suture and margins, and extreme apices of femora blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 366). Head wide; dorsal surface finely, very sparsely punctate between eyes, gradually more abundant towards occiput, and coarser towards area behind eyes; area behind eyes coarsely, abundantly punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina without depression; ocular carina wide and clearly elevated, not bifurcated in “Y”. Eyes coarsely faceted; anterior ocular edge (Fig. 79) not emarginate. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 20) narrow and sub-acute. Submentum glabrous, depressed, coarse and sparsely punctate; margin close to mentum wide, elevated throughout extension. Mentum coarsely, abundantly punctate, with hair barely long and sparse. Mandibles (Fig. 128) sub-falciform, as long as head; inner margin with concavity at middle and one large tooth at apical third; punctures coarse and abundant; dorsal surface with transverse depression at base. Antennomere XI slightly acute at apex; dorsal sensorial area not divided by carina.</p> <p>Prothorax transverse, distinctly narrower at base than apex. Pronotum very finely, sparsely punctate at central area, gradually coarser and more abundant laterally; anterior edge sub-straight; anterior angles clearly projected forward; lateral angles rounded; posterior angles distinct, in right angle. Elytra finely, abundantly punctate towards suture, and coarser laterally; elytral carina absent. Metasternum finely, sparsely punctate, and coarser and more abundantly punctate close to metepisterna. Metepisterna coarsely, abundantly punctate. Metafemur (Fig. 367) short and elongated. Metatarsus (without claws) shorter than metatibia; metatarsomere V (Fig. 262) as long as I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 368). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 21) narrow and acute. Mandibles (Fig. 129) clearly shorter than head. Anterior margin of pronotum with central concavity clear. Antennae as in Fig. 219.</p> <p>Variability. Integument brown. Males: apex of central projection of labrum rounded; mentum glabrous; mandibles not falciform; less concavity on inner margin of mandibles; antennomere XI clearly rounded at apex; anterior margin of pronotum convex; punctures of lateral of metasternum coarse or somewhat coarse, but not fine.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 14.4-21.3/18.3-20.4; prothorax: length, 2.8-4.4/3.7-4.0; anterior width, 4.0-6.0/4.4-4.7; posterior width, 3.0-4.7/4.1-4.7; humeral width, 3.8-5.8/ 5.0-5.7; elytral length, 8.3-12.0/11.6-12.5.</p> <p>Comments. The male of Malukandra hornabrooki differs from M. heterostyla by the distinct concavity of the mandibles, and by the punctures of the dorsal surface of the head and of the pronotum clearly finer. In M. heterostyla, the inner margin of the mandibles of the male are not concave, and the punctures of the head and pronotum are clearly coarser. Differs from M. jayawijayana by the punctures on the dorsal surface of the head, between the eyes, and of the elytra coarser, and by the ocular carina clearly elevated. In M. jayawijayana, the punctures on the dorsal surface of the head, between the eyes, are clearly coarser and the ocular carina is slightly elevated.</p> <p>Hüdepohl (1990) in his study of the Cerambycidae from Philippines listed Parandra janus Bates, 1875 (= Komiyandra janus), as occurring in that country. Besides that species not occurring in the Philippines, Hüdepohl (1990) figured M. hornabrooki from Papua New Guinea as Bates’ species. Obviously Hüdepohl (1990) believed that he possessed and figured Bates’ species because the syntype female of Parandra janus was described from Papua New Guinea (see comments on K. janus). We examined the specimens from the collection of Hüdepohl.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFE8FFD566D0FCF810BD31D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFEBFFD466D0FBF8168D34B6.text	975887B7FFEBFFD466D0FBF8168D34B6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malukandra heterostyla (Lameere 1902) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Malukandra heterostyla (Lameere, 1902)</p> <p>(Fig. 18, 77, 126, 360-363)</p> <p>Parandra heterostyla Lameere, 1902: 100; 1912: 116; Webb 1994: 327 (note).</p> <p>Parandra (Parandra) heterostyla; Lameere 1913: 7 (cat.); 1919: 18; Arigony 1984: 89, 90, 95, 96, 97, 109, 111, 125, fig. 16, 60, 64, 65; Santos-Silva 2002: 32 (note).</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) heterostyla; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, reddish-brown; parts of dorsal surface of head and of mandibles, anterior margin of pronotum, border of scutellum, and sutural region of elytra blackish; legs brownyellowish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 360). Head wide; dorsal surface coarsely, deeply, abundantly, but not confluently punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina without depression; ocular carina wide and elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” (Fig. 360); area behind eyes punctate as on dorsal surface of head. Eyes (Fig. 77) coarsely faceted; anterior ocular edge with small concavity. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 18) rounded. Submentum with some long and sparse hair close to anterior margin, coarsely, abundantly punctate; margin close to mentum narrow, elevated throughout extension. Mentum with long and sparse hair. Mandibles (Fig. 126) not falciform, barely shorter than head; inner margin with two small teeth at base (basal tooth slightly indicated), other small tooth around middle, and another moderately large close to apex; punctures coarse and abundant; dorsal surface with transverse depression at base. Antennomere XI (Fig. 363) not acute at apex, clearly rounded; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI divided by carina; pilosity of antennomeres long.</p> <p>Prothorax transverse, clearly narrowed at basal third. Pronotum (Fig. 360) coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures somewhat smaller towards anterior and posterior edge); anterior edge barely concave at central region; anterior angles not projected forward; lateral angles just indicated; posterior angles well marked; latero-apical two-thirds slightly rounded. Elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures finer at apical third); elytral carina indicated. Metasternum coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate close to metepisterna, finer and sparser towards metasternal suture. Metafemur elongate. Metatarsus (without claws) shorter than metatibia.</p> <p>Variability. Punctures of dorsal surface of head in part confluent; area behind eyes with punctures smaller and sparser than on dorsal surface of head; lateral angles of pronotum well defined; latero-apical two-thirds of pronotum sinuous.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length, 15.0 mm (according to Lameere 1902). Specimen from MHHN: length, 17.3 mm; width, 4.8 mm.</p> <p>Geographical distribution. Sulawesi (?), Moluccas Islands (Halmahera).</p> <p>Material examined. INDONESIA. Sulawesi (?) (= Celebes), holotype M, [no date of collection and collector’s name indicated] (SMTD). Moluccas Islands: Halmahera, M, 1903, J. Waterstradt coll. (MNHN).</p> <p>Type, type locality. Holotype M, from INDONESIA [Sulawesi?], deposited at SMTD. Lameere (1902) wrote: “Une seul exemplaire provenant de Célèbes ”. Subsequently, Lameere (1912) remarked about the type locality: “ Parandra heterostyla Lameere. – M. Heller m’a fait observer que l’unique exemplaire connu de cette espèce n’a pas été trouvé à Célèbes, mais qu’il a été extrait d’un morceau de gomme copal expédié de cette île, et que par conséquent son habitat véritable est encore douteux” [English translation: M. Heller pointed out to me that the only known specimen of this species has not been found in Celebes, but it was extracted from a piece of gum copal sent from this island, and therefore its true habitat is still doubtful]. That information agrees, in part, with the information written on one of the labels of the holotype (Fig. 362): “Aus Celébes-Copal”. But there are some problems. The term copal applies to a large group of vegetal resins, and that resin was exported from several areas in Indonesia (including Sulawesi and Moluccas Islands). As seen above, according to Lameere (1912), mentioning Heller, the insect was extracted from a piece of gum copal, and not from a trunk of the tree from which the resin is extracted. However, if the insect was arrested in copal resin, it would be damaged when it was extracted from the resin, but the specimen has nearly all small parts well preserved (including hair, palp, antennae, etc.). Although copal resin is soluble in alcohol, it is very probable that there was damage to the specimen when the resin was removed. For the time being, it is impossible be sure if the species occurs in Sulawesi, and therefore, the type locality stays doubtful.</p> <p>Comments. Lameere (1902) wrote on the antennae: “La careen des antennes est absente, de sorte que les 3 e à 11 e articles n’offrent qu’une fossette porifère, et le 11 e montre à son extrémité extérieurement un espace porifère caréné; ce 11 e article est aussi large et obtus, mais ce n’est peut-être là qu’une différence individuelle” [English translation: The antennal carina is absent, so the third to eleventh articles have a single poriferous cavity, and the eleventh shows exteriorly at the extremity a poriferous space carinated; this eleventh article is broad and obtuse, but perhaps this is an individual difference]. The form of antennomere XI is not an aberration as suggested by Lameere (1902). That antennomere in the male specimen from Halmahera is identical to that of the holotype, and the male of the other species of the genus from Irian Jaya, shows that that is a generic character. The antennae of the holotype (Fig. 363) is separated from the body, and glued on a card. However, the two antennae are not of the holotype. The smaller is the true antenna of Parandra heterostyla, because it agrees very well with Lameere’s description. Although the larger does not have antennomere XI, it is clearly from another species: the hair is shorter than Lameere (1902) recorded; and it has the pedicel, and it is possible to see that the holotype has the pedicel in both sides of the head (Fig. 360) and the larger antenna has the pedicel too.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFEBFFD466D0FBF8168D34B6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FFEAFFAB66D0F91817DF3636.text	975887B7FFEAFFAB66D0F91817DF3636.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Malukandra jayawijayana Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Malukandra jayawijayana sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 19, 78, 127, 218, 261, 330, 364-365)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the Jayawijaya region where the only known specimen has been collected.</p> <p>Type-material. Holotype M, from INDONESIA, New Guinea Island, Irian Jaya, Papua: Bime (Jayawijaya Region; 1600-1900 m), IX.22.1993, A. Riedel coll. (AWCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, reddish-brown; parts of dorsal surface of head, mandibles, borders of pronotum and scutellum, and sutural region of elytra dark-brown to black.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 364). Head wide; dorsal surface coarse, not confluently abundantly punctate (punctures coarser close to the eyes); area between gibbosities and ocular carina without depression; ocular carina wide and elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” (Fig. 364); area behind eyes with coarse, abundant and well punctures. Eyes coarsely faceted; anterior ocular edge without concavity (Fig. 78). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 19) rounded. Submentum glabrous, coarsely, abundantly punctate; margin close to mentum wide, elevated throughout extension. Mentum glabrous. Mandibles (Fig. 127) sub-falciform, barely longer than head; inner margin with two teeth together protracted, located at base, and another large tooth close to apex; punctures coarsely, moderately sparse. Antennomere XI not acute at apex; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI not divided by carina.</p> <p>Prothorax transverse, clearly narrower at base than apex. Pronotum finely, moderately abundantly punctate (punctures coarser towards posterior angles); anterior edge barely concave at central region; anterior angles feebly projected forward; lateral angles slightly indicated; posterior angles well defined. Elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures just finer close to suture); elytral carina barely indicated. Metasternum coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate close to metepisterna, fine and sparse towards metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 365) clearly elongated. Metatarsus (without claws) shorter than metatibia; metatarsomere V barely longer than I-III together.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 13.3; prothorax: length, 2.5; anterior width, 3.2; posterior width, 2.7; humeral width, 3.2; elytral length, 7.7.</p> <p>Comments. Male of Malukandra jayawijayana differs from M. heterostyla by the mandibles sub-falciform and longer than head. In M. heterostyla the mandibles are not falciform and are shorter than head.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FFEAFFAB66D0F91817DF3636	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF95FFAA66D0FB98128733F6.text	975887B7FF95FFAA66D0FB98128733F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Storeyandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Storeyandra, new genus</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to the late Dr. Ross Storey, Australian entomologist, who provided specimens for this project prior to his death. Feminine gender.</p> <p>Type-species. Parandra frenchi Blackburn, 1895.</p> <p>Description. Dorsal face of head, between eyes, with distinct gibbosities, separated by furrow deep or moderately deep, without central depression in “V”. Ocular carina not wide (mainly in females), elevated, clearly from posterior edge of eyes to clypeus. Eyes of male (Fig. 76) small and narrow (larger width equals to 0.4 or 0.5 times total length); posterior ocular edge (Fig. 355) strongly distinct; anterior ocular edge clearly emarginate. Eyes of female (Fig. 357) large and wide (larger width larger than 0.5 times total length). Frontoclypeal suture visible throughout, except at central area, where it is slightly indicated. Central region of clypeus of male vertical or strongly oblique; in female, barely oblique. Clypeolabral suture visible throughout. Central projection of labrum of male (Fig. 16) projected and truncate or rounded at apex; rounded in female (Fig. 17). Mandibles of male (Fig. 124) not falciform, at most, as long as head, wide at nearly all extension of latero-outer face (Fig. 124); dorsal carina strongly elevated, strongly oblique in relation to longitudinal axis, fused at apex just before middle to basal tooth of inner margin; inner margin with two teeth; apex with two large teeth visible dorsally; latero-outer apex without small tooth. Mandibles of female (Fig. 125) Birandra -like, but with apex more similar to species of Parandra; lateroouter face wide at base, gradually narrowed to apex; dorsal carina slightly elevated, wide, oblique and not reaching middle of mandible and inner margin; inner margin with two teeth together protracted. Mentum with long, sparse hair. Galea long; in male, reaching or almost reaching apex of second segment of maxillary palp; in female, (Fig. 202) surpassing apex of second segment of maxillary palp. Ventral sensorial area of antennae (Fig. 217) visible from side, divided by carina elevated and visible from the side; ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI invading dorsal area; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI wide; apex of antennomere XI clearly narrowed.</p> <p>Anterior edge of pronotum sinuous (concave at central area); anterior angles of male not projected forward, and clearly projected in female; lateral angles absent or barely indicated; posterior angles distinct. Elytral punctation fine or slightly coarse, usually, more abundant in female. Veins MP 3 and MP 4 of female fused at their apex. Males brachypterous (wing venation badly-formed). Metathorax strongly reduced in male (Fig. 356) and normal in female. Apex of prosternal process slightly enlarged. Femora with short hair. Dorsal face of tibiae sulcate. Procoxal cavities clearly open behind. Paronychium with one seta.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF95FFAA66D0FB98128733F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF94FFAA66D0FDD911F33096.text	975887B7FF94FFAA66D0FDD911F33096.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Storeyandra frenchi (Blackburn 1895) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Included species. Storeyandra frenchi (Blackburn, 1895), comb. nov.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 315). Australia (Queensland, New South Wales).</p> <p>Comments. Storeyandra differs from all other genera of Parandrinae, by the strong sexual dimorphism, and by the notable reduction of the metathorax of the male.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF94FFAA66D0FDD911F33096	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF94FFA966D0FD38168936D6.text	975887B7FF94FFA966D0FD38168936D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Storeyandra frenchi (Blackburn 1895) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Storeyandra frenchi (Blackburn, 1895)</p> <p>(Fig. 16, 17, 76, 124, 125, 202, 217, 260, 321, 355-359)</p> <p>Parandra Frenchi Blackburn, 1895: 57; Lameere 1902: 95.</p> <p>Parandra frenchi; Lea 1919: 260 (plate XXVII, fig. 91, 92); Illidge 1924: 78; Duffy 1963: 31; Hawkeswood 1992: 208 (host); Webb 1994: 325-327 (distribution, host).</p> <p>Parandra (Parandra) Frenchi; Lameere 1913: 6 (cat.); 1919: 17.</p> <p>Parandra (Parandra) frenchi; Arigony 1984: 89, 90, 94, 95, 97, 98 (fig. 54, 63, 64, 65, 66); Santos-Silva 2002: 32 (note).</p> <p>Birandra (Birandra) frenchi; Santos-Silva and Shute 2009: 32.</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; parts of head and mandibles blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 355). Head and prothorax together longer than elytral length. Head proportionally very wide in relation to body length; dorsal surface slightly convex; punctures on gibbosities fine and abundant, clearly coarser and confluent towards eyes and occiput; area behind eyes coarsely and confluently punctate, except on protuberances where eyes are inserted, that are finer and sparsely punctate; area between gibbosities and ocular carina barely depressed; ocular carina (Fig. 355) not bifurcated in “Y”; pilosity microscopic and sparse between eyes, very short and sparse on protuberances where eyes are inserted. Eyes as in Fig. 76. Clypeus coarsely and confluently punctate; pilosity short, moderately sparse. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 16) with short, moderately abundant hair. Submentum with transverse and wide carinae; punctures coarse, oblong, deep and confluent in central region, and clearly finer towards mentum; pilosity moderately long and sparse; margin close to mentum just elevated. Antennae (Fig. 217) reaching apical fourth of pronotum; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI divided by carina at its apical third. Maxillary palp as in Fig. 202.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, abundantly punctate in central area, with punctures somewhat coarser and sparser laterally. Elytra with punctures sparse and barely fine on anterior two-thirds, and fine on apical third; each elytron with shallow depression, longitudinal, that begins at basal fourth and finishes just after middle of elytron. Femora (Fig. 356) short and wide. Metatarsus (without claws) (Fig. 260) shorter than metatibia; metatarsomere V shorter than I-III together.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 357). Punctures and pilosity on dorsal surface of head and of clypeus as in male. Punctures of pronotum as in male. Elytral punctures fine and abundant towards the suture, and coarser laterally. Submentum coarsely and abundantly punctate; anterior margin as in males.</p> <p>Variability. Integument brown to dark-brown; margins of pronotum blackish. Male: punctures on gibbosities of dorsal face of head rather fine and not notably abundant; labrum with short hair, moderately punctate throughout extension; submentum with transverse carinae only laterally; antennae reaching only to middle of pronotum; sensorial dorsal area of antennomere XI not divided by carina; elytra with fine punctures throughout length, but more abundant on apical third.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 15.0-25.3/13.5-22.4; prothorax: length, 3.7-6.2/2.8-4.7; anterior width, 4.8-8.4/3.0-4.9; posterior width, 3.6-6.0/3.0-4.8; humeral width, 4.1-6.8/ 3.8-6.0; elytral length, 7.2-11.7/8.5-13.8.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 321). Australia (Queensland, New South Wales).</p> <p>Material examined. (11 M, 21 F), as follows: AUSTRALIA. F, 1878, Deyrolle coll. (MCGD); 2 F, [date not indicated] (IRSN). New South Wales: F, XII.10.1923, W. W. Froggatt coll. (AUMU); Cascade, F, [date not indicated] (AUMU); M, F, I.1934, F. E. Wilson coll. (MZSP); F, I.1934, F. E. Wilson coll. (AUMU); 4 F, I.1934, F. E. Wilson coll. (MVMA); Condong (Tweed River), M, [date not indicated], Brown coll. (MVMA); Dorrigo, M (ex. Tippmann Collection), [date not indicated] (USNM); M, [date not indicated] (AUMU); 2 M, [date not indicated], W. Heron coll. (AUMU); M, F, [date not indicated] (MVMA); M, F, [date not indicated], W. Heron coll. (MVMA); M, F, I.1931, C. Oke coll. (MVMA); Sydney, F, XI.03.1923, W. W. Froggatt coll. (AUMU); Ulong, M, [date not indicated], W. Heron coll. (MVMA). Queensland: Mount Bithongabel, F, XII.1963, F. T. Fricke coll. (AUMU); Mountains Bunya, F, XII.14.1937, N. Geary coll. (AUMU); F, XII.15.1937, N. Geary coll. (AUMU); 2 F, XII.21.1937, N. Geary coll. (AUMU); F, II.07.1961, D. K. McAlpine coll. (AUMU); N. Queensland, M, III.02.1905, (MVMA).</p> <p>Type, type locality. Holotype F, from Australia, Queensland. Dr. Peter Lillywhite (Senior Collection Manager, Entomology / Arachnology Sciences Department) sent us photographs of a female (Fig. 358) identified as the holotype of Parandra frenchi Blackburn, 1895, deposited at MVMA. Among those photographs is one with the labels (Fig. 359). One of those labels, not handwritten, refers to locality of collection: “Endeavour River”. That river is in Queensland and not in New South Wales. Blackburn (1895) wrote: “N.S. Wales; in the collection of Mr. French”. Lillywhite (pers. comm.) explained: “Charles French (Sr) is quote as saying to Musgrave that he “did not take up the insects again until about 1860, when my friend, Tom Gulliver, late of Townsville, gave me a start.” I may be drawing a long bow but Queensland was a part of NSW up until 1859. As Townsville is also in what is now North Queensland it is possible that French was collecting there around the time that Statehood was conferred. He would have labeled his material in his collection at the time as NSW. We received this collection in 1908, after the date of Blackburn’s publishing of the species. The Queensland on the photograph may have been a later addition. Please also note that this is the only P. frenchi we have from the collection of C. French”.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF94FFA966D0FD38168936D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF97FFAF66D0F97810FD33D6.text	975887B7FF97FFAF66D0F97810FD33D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Papuandra, new genus</p> <p>Etymology. Papua + Parandra, in reference to Papua New Guinea, a country occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea. Feminine gender.</p> <p>Type species. Parandra araucariae Gressitt, 1959.</p> <p>Description. Dorsal area of head, between eyes, in both sexes, with gibbosities well defined, separated by furrow deep or moderately shallow (sometimes variable intraspecifically), without central depression in “V”. Ocular carina elevated, narrow or wide, evident from middle to clypeus; in male, slightly bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes or not bifurcated, and not bifurcated in female. Eyes narrow (Fig. 87) or moderately narrow (Fig. 86) in male, and somewhat or slightly wider in female; posterior ocular edge of male distinct (Fig. 390) or barely so (Fig. 387), and barely distinct in female; anterior ocular edge emarginate. Frontoclypeal suture not distinct or visible only laterally. Central region of clypeus oblique, strongly oblique, or vertical. Clypeolabral suture visible laterally or indicated by darkening of integument in area of suture. Central projection of male labrum wide or narrow, rounded or subtruncate at apex; in female narrow and rounded at apex. Mandibles of male sub-falciform (Fig. 143, 392) or distinctly not falciform (Fig. 141), approximately same length as head, wide at base of outer margin; dorsal carina wide and not notably elevated, or narrow and clearly elevated; inner margin with two teeth together protracted (completely fused or sub-fused at apex), placed at apical third, or two teeth together protracted and clearly separated at apex, placed near middle; apex with two large teeth, visible dorsally, and a third, small tooth, not visible dorsally; outer margin (Fig. 86) without tooth around middle. Mandibles of female (Fig. 142) Birandra -like, wide at base of outer margin; dorsal carina wide and elevated only at basal third; inner margin with two teeth together protracted, placed at middle; apex and outer margin as in male. Mentum with hair moderately long, sparse or very sparse. Galea long (Fig. 201) (surpassing the apex of second segment of maxillary palp). Ventral sensorial area of antennae (Fig. 226) visible or not from side, divided or not by carina; ventral sensorial area of antennomere XI not extending to dorsal area; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI small or moderately large, well defined, not divided by carina, or absent.</p> <p>Pronotum clearly convex, mainly on anterior half; anterior edge of male slightly concave or slightly sinuous on central region, and sinuous in female; anterior angles of male distinctly projected or barely projected forward, and distinctly projected forward in female; lateral angles absent; posterior angles barely visible or obtuse; margins of latero-basal third slightly convergent; lateral margin of anterior half very distinct, easily visible from above. Elytral punctation variable. Veins MP 3 and MP 4 not fused at their apex (Fig. 210). Apex of prosternal process slightly enlarged. Femora glabrous or with hair very short and very sparse. Dorsal face of tibiae sulcate or slightly sulcate; outer face with longitudinal carina very distinct. Procoxal cavities distinctly open behind. Paronychium with one seta.</p> <p>Included species. Papuandra araucariae (Gressitt, 1959), comb. nov.; P. gressitti Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; P. weigeli Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; P. queenslandensis Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; P. norfolkensis Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; P. rothschildi Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.; and P. oberthueri Santos-Silva, Heffern and Matsuda, sp. nov.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 316). Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea (New Guinea Island and Normamby Island), and Australia (Norfolk Island).</p> <p>Comments. Papuandra differs from Birandra by the mandibles sub-falciform or distinctly not falciform (distinctly falciform in Birandra). Differs from Acutandra by the mandibles of the males not tumid at outer face, and by the dorsal face of the metatibiae longitudinally sulcate. In Acutandra, the mandibles of the male are tumid at outer face, and the dorsal face of the metatibiae is not sulcate. Differs from Archandra, Parandra, Stenandra, and Neandra by the procoxal cavities open behind (closed in the other four genera). Differs from Komiyandra by the margins of the latero-basal third of the prothorax slightly convergent, by the lateral margin of the anterior half of the pronotum very distinct and easily visible from above, by the veins MP 3 and MP 4 (Fig. 210) not fused at their apices, by the dorsal face of the metatibiae longitudinally sulcate, and by the distinct presence of a carina on outer face of the metatibiae. In Komiyandra, the margins of the latero-basal third of the prothorax are clearly convergent, the lateral margin of the anterior half of the pronotum is not distinct, and frequently, is hardly visible from above (except in K. vivesi), the MP 3 and MP 4 (Fig. 211) are fused at their apices, the dorsal face of the metatibia is not longitudinally sulcate or is slightly sulcate only on apical half, and the lateral carina of the metatibia is visible or slightly visible. Differs from Melanesiandra by the outer margin of the mandible wide (narrow in Melanesiandra). Differs from Hawaiiandra by the mandibles of the males not falciform and Birandra -like in females, and by the apex of prosternal process slightly wide at apex. In Hawaiiandra, the mandibles of the males are falciform, and Parandra -like in females, and the apex of prosternal process is wide apically. Differs from Caledonandra by the dorsal carina of the mandibles of the males not strongly oblique in relation to the longitudinal axis, and by the absence of depression in “V” at dorsal face of the head between the eyes. In Caledonandra the dorsal carinae of the mandibles of the male are strongly oblique in relation to the longitudinal axis, and there is depression in “V” at dorsal face of the head between the eyes. Differs from Malukandra by the absence of a tooth at the middle of the outer face of the mandibles (present in Malukandra). Finally, differs from Storeyandra by the presence of a small tooth at apex of the outer margin of the mandibles in both sexes, and by the metathorax of the males not reduced (tooth absent and metathorax reduced in Storeyandra).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF97FFAF66D0F97810FD33D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF91FFAF66D0FDF917DF3756.text	975887B7FF91FFAF66D0FDF917DF3756.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Key to the species of Papuandra</p> <p>1. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not divided by carina......................................... 2</p> <p>— Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina............................................... 3</p> <p>2(1). Punctures of head and pronotum coarse and abundant (Fig. 395); central projection of female labrum (Fig. 5) wide. Australia (Queensland)........................ P. queenslandensis, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Punctures of head and pronotum fine and not notably abundant (Fig. 392); central projection of female labrum (Fig. 6) narrow. Indonesia (Irian Jaya)............................ P. weigeli, sp. nov.</p> <p>3(1). Pronotum slightly convex. Papua New Guinea.................................... P. oberthueri, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Pronotum distinctly convex......................................................................................................... 4</p> <p>4(3). Mandible of male sub-falciform................................................................................................... 5</p> <p>— Mandible of male not falciform.................................................................................................... 6</p> <p>5(4). Teeth of inner margin of mandibles small; pronotal disc finely punctate. Papua New Guinea.................................................................................................................... P. gressitti, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Teeth of inner margin of mandibles large; pronotal disc more coarsely punctate. Papua New Guinea................................................................................................ P. rothschildi, sp. nov.</p> <p>6(4). Dorsal carina of mandibles of male elevated including after middle; pilosity of antennae (Fig. 230) and tibiae evident and abundant in both sexes. Australia (Norfolk Island)........................................................................................................................................ P. norfolkensis, sp. nov.</p> <p>— Dorsal carina of mandibles of male elevated only on basal third; pilosity of antennae (Fig. 226) and tibiae not evident and less abundant. Papua New Guinea, Indonesia (Irian Jaya).......................................................................................................................... P. araucariae (Grissett)</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF91FFAF66D0FDF917DF3756	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF91FFAE66D0FA7811773636.text	975887B7FF91FFAE66D0FA7811773636.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra queenslandensis Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Papuandra queenslandensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 6, 90, 146, 229, 272, 318, 395, 396)</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the Australian state of Queensland.</p> <p>Type-material. Holotype F, from AUSTRALIA, Queensland: Tully Falls (730m; 18 km SSW Ravenshoe), I.18.1988, Storey and Dickinson coll. (QPIM). Paratypes (6 F), as follows: same data as holotype: 4 F (QPIM); F (MZSP); F (DHCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument brown; parts of head and mandibles, margins of pronotum, and elytral suture blackish.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 395). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities and at central region between them and occiput, moderately coarsely and abundantly punctate, gradually coarse and in part confluent laterally and behind eyes; gibbosities well marked, separated by furrow deep and wide; area between gibbosities and ocular carina just depressed, moderately finely, sparsely punctate; ocular carina clearly elevated, not bifurcated in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes. Eyes (Fig. 90) moderately wide; posterior ocular edge distinct, but without abrupt declivity towards posterior part of head. Central area of clypeus oblique. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 6) wide and rounded at apex. Submentum barely depressed, coarsely and moderately abundantly punctate; pilosity short and very sparse; anterior margin very slightly elevated. Mandibles (Fig. 146) Birandra -like; dorsal carina moderately elevated and restricted to basal third. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI (Fig. 229) not visible from side and not divided by carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI absent.</p> <p>Pronotum just finely and sparsely punctate at central region, gradually coarser and more abundant laterally; posterior angles distinct and obtuse. Elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate, mainly laterally; each elytron with two carinae clear. Metasternum coarse, well marked, moderately abundantly punctate near metepisterna and shallower and sparser towards middle of disc that is flat. Metafemur (Fig. 396) short and moderately elongated; punctures moderately fine and abundant. Dorsal face of metatibiae longitudinally sulcate. Metatarsomere V (without claws) barely longer than I-III together (Fig. 272).</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (F). Total length (including mandibles), 14.5-20.9; prothorax: length, 3.1-4.6; anterior width, 3.3-4.7; posterior width, 3.2-4.8; humeral width, 3.8-5.7; elytral length, 8.8-12.8.</p> <p>Comments. Papuandra queenslandensis differs from P. araucariae by the: punctures of the head, the pronotum, and the elytra distinctly coarser and more abundant; central projection of labrum (Fig. 6) wide; antennomeres I-XI not divided by carina. In P. araucaria, the punctures of the head, and the pronotum, are finer, the central projection of the female labrum (Fig. 2) is narrow, and antennomeres III-XI are divided by carina. Differs from female of P. weigeli by the punctures of the head and of the pronotum clear and very abundant, and by the shape of the central projection of the labrum. In females of P. weigeli, the punctures of the head and pronotum are clearly finer and less perceptible, and the central projection of labrum (Fig. 5) is clearly narrower. The female of P. gressitti is unknown, but in males, the punctation of the head, pronotum, and elytra of that species is clearly finer and sparser, and the ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI is divided by carina.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF91FFAE66D0FA7811773636	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF90FFAD66D0FB9813663116.text	975887B7FF90FFAD66D0FB9813663116.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra weigeli Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Papuandra weigeli sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 4, 5, 88, 144, 145, 228, 271, 330, 392-394)</p> <p>Etymology. Dedicated to our colleague, Mr. Andreas Weigel, Germany, for his fieldwork and publications on Cerambycidae.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, INDONESIA, New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Papua: Nabire (54km S Ilaga Road, Biological Station of Pusppenssat), IX.1991, P. Hoyois coll. (AWCO). Paratypes (5 F), as follows: INDONESIA, New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Papua: Nabire (54km S Ilaga Road, Biological Station of Pusppenssat), 2 F, IX.1991, P. Hoyois coll. (AWCO); (50 km S Pusppenssat), F, I.1996, A. Weigel coll. (AWCO); (50 km S Flaga, Biological Station of Pusppenssat, 3 o 29’53”S, 135 o 43’83”E), F, II.24.1998, A. Weigel coll. (MZSP); (50km S Biological Station of Pusppenssat), F, V.1998, A. Weigel coll. (DHCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, chestnut; parts of head and mandibles, margins of pronotum, scutellum, and elytral suture, blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 392). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, with punctures fine and abundant; central area, between gibbosities and occiput, with punctures sparser than on gibbosities; gibbosities separated by moderately shallow furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina barely depressed; ocular carina narrow, with bifurcation in “Y” indicated near posterior edge of eyes; area behind eyes just coarsely, sparsely punctate. Eyes (Fig. 88) narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 392) distinct, with abrupt declivity towards posterior part of head. Central area of clypeus vertical. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 4) narrow and subrounded at apex. Submentum barely depressed, sparsely and shallowly punctate; pilosity short and sparse; anterior margin moderately narrow and elevated. Mandibles sub-falciform; inner margin with two teeth together protracted (completely fused at apex); dorsal carina narrow and clearly elevated. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI not visible from side (Fig. 228), and not divided by carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI small.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate in central area, and coarser and more abundant laterally; anterior edge slightly sinuous centrally; anterior angles clearly projected forward. Elytra abundantly and coarsely punctate at basal 3/4, and finer on apical fourth; each elytron with two carinae. Metasternum and metepisterna glabrous, with punctures coarse and abundant (laterally on metasternum). Metafemur (Fig. 393) elongated. Dorsal face of metatibia clearly sulcate only on apical half. Metatarsomere V (without claws) as long as I-III together (Fig. 271).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 394). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 5). Mandibles as in Fig. 145. Punctation of head, pronotum and elytra as in males.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 15.1/15.0-19.0; prothorax: length, 3.4/ 3.0-3.8; anterior width, 4.5/3.5-4.7; posterior width, 4.0/3.3-4.6; humeral width, 4.4/3.9-5.3; elytral length, 8.8/9.4-11.7.</p> <p>Comments. Papuandra weigeli is similar in general appearance to P. araucariae. It differs by the: mandible of the males sub-falciform; sensorial area of the antennomeres III-XI not visible from the side, and not divided by carina; gibbosities of the dorsal face of the head without a protuberance in the posterior part near the longitudinal furrow. In P. araucariae the mandible of the males is not sub-falciform, the sensorial area of the antennomeres III-XI is visible from the side and are divided by carina, and the gibbosities of the dorsal face of the head have a projection in the posterior part near the longitudinal furrow.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF90FFAD66D0FB9813663116	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF93FFAC66D0FCB8176E3316.text	975887B7FF93FFAC66D0FCB8176E3316.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra oberthueri Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Papuandra oberthueri sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 11, 92, 147, 232, 275, 403, 404)</p> <p>Etymology. We honor René Oberthür with the name of this species for his contributions in entomology.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype F (ex. Collection Oberthür), from PAPUA NEW GUINEA, [no date indicated], Meek coll. (MNHN).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, brown; parts of head and mandibles blackish; margins of pronotum and scutellum, and elytral suture, blackish.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 403). Dorsal face of head very finely, sparsely punctate; gibbosities separated by shallow and wide furrow, and with projection in posterior part near longitudinal furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina with narrow depression; ocular carina elevated, without bifurcation in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes; area behind eyes coarsely, sparsely punctate. Eyes (Fig. 92) moderately narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 403) distinct, but without abrupt declivity towards posterior part of head. Central area of clypeus distinctly oblique. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 11) narrow and rounded at apex. Submentum slightly depressed; punctures coarse, shallow and sparse; pilosity somewhat long and sparse; anterior margin wide, elevated only laterally. Mandibles sub-triangular; inner margin with two large teeth together protracted. Dorsal carina elevated only at basal third. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI visible from side (Fig. 232) and divided by carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI large; pilosity of antennomeres III-XI long.</p> <p>Pronotum slightly convex; punctation fine and sparse; anterior edge concave; anterior angles clearly projected forwards; lateral margins uniformly rounded, straighter between lateral and posterior angles. Elytra coarsely, abundantly punctate (finer at circum-scutellar area); each elytron with two indistinct carinae. Metasternum glabrous, coarsely and moderately sparsely punctate laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 404) short and somewhat wide. Dorsal face of metatibiae flat on apical half. Tibiae with pilosity short and sparse. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 275).</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (F). Total length (including mandibles), 19.4; prothorax: length, 4.3; anterior width, 4.7; posterior width, 5.0; humeral width, 5.8; elytral length, 12.4.</p> <p>Comments. Papuandra oberthueri is similar to P. araucariae, but differs by the: head less elongate behind eyes; projection in posterior part of gibbosities near longitudinal furrow, less distinct; prothorax wider; pronotum less convex. In P. araucariae, the female head is distinctly more elongate behind eyes, the projection of gibbosities is very distinct, the prothorax is narrower and the pronotum is distinctly more convex. Although the female of P. gressitti is not known, in the female of P. oberthueri the pronotum is less convex and the elytra is more coarsely punctate than in males of P. gressitti.</p> <p>Papuandra oberthueri was not plotted one the map because there is no detailed locality.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF93FFAC66D0FCB8176E3316	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF92FFAC66D0FEB8106B3536.text	975887B7FF92FFAC66D0FEB8106B3536.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra gressitti Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Papuandra gressitti sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 3, 87, 143, 227, 270, 331, 390, 391)</p> <p>Etymology. The name honors Dr. Jadson Linsley Gressitt, who devoted his life to entomological work in the Pacific and Oriental Regions.</p> <p>Type-material. Holotype M, from PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe: Yamap, V.1986, local coll. (EELE). Paratype (M), as follows: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, East Highland: Okapa, M, X.1999, [no collector indicated] (ZKCO).</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; almost all dorsal surface of head, mandibles, basal antennomeres, margins of pronotum, suture and elytral margins, blackish; elytra brown.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 390). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, with punctures barely fine and abundant, coarse and sparse at central area between gibbosities and occiput, and clearly coarser and more abundant laterally; area behind eyes moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate; gibbosities well defined, separated by furrow relatively shallow, and finely and sparsely punctate; ocular carina wide, elevated, with bifurcation in “Y”, close to posterior edge of eyes, indicated. Eyes (Fig. 87) small and narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 390) distinct. Central area of clypeus oblique. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 3) wide, rounded. Submentum barely depressed; punctation very coarse, abundant, in part confluent; pilosity short, sparse; anterior margin wide, elevated, mainly laterally. Mandibles (Fig. 143) sub-falciform; inner margin with one tooth large at apical third; dorsal carina strongly elevated. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina, slightly visible from side at antennomeres IX-X (Fig. 227), and more evident at antennomere XI; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI small, elliptical, well delimited.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at central region, gradually coarser and more abundant laterally; anterior edge barely concave centrally; anterior angles very slightly projected forwards; posterior angles well defined and almost at right angles. Basal two-thirds of elytra finely, sparsely punctate near suture, gradually coarser and more abundant laterally; apical third fine and sparse (finer and more abundant close to apex). Metasternum coarsely, abundantly punctate close to metepisterna, and gradually finer and sparser towards metasternal suture. Metafemur (Fig. 391) short and moderately enlarged. Dorsal face of metatibiae flat on basal two-thirds, and sulcate on apical third. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 270).</p> <p>Variability. Almost all dorsal surface of head dark-brown; elytra dark-brown; dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, finely, sparsely punctate; punctation of dorsal surface of head moderately fine and sparse at area behind gibbosities; punctation of area behind eyes slightly concentrated; submentum coarsely, shallowly not abundantly punctate; inner margin of mandibles with two large teeth, together protracted, and almost completely fused until apex; lateral punctures of pronotum very similar to that of central region, in concentration and in form; anterior edge of pronotum not concave centrally.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M). Total length (including mandibles), 20.9-23.0; prothorax: length, 4.5-5.1; anterior width, 5.7-6.3; posterior width, 5.0-5.2; humeral width, 5.5-6.2; elytral length, 11.0-12.4.</p> <p>Comments. The male of Papuandra gressitti differs from P. araucariae, mainly by the sub-falciform mandibles (Fig. 143), while in P. araucariae, the mandibles are not falciform (Fig. 141). Differs from P. weigeli and P. queenslandensis by the ventral sensorial areas of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina (not divided in both species).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF92FFAC66D0FEB8106B3536	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF9DFFA366D0FF18132D37D6.text	975887B7FF9DFFA366D0FF18132D37D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra rothschildi Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Papuandra rothschildi sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 9, 10, 91, 151, 152, 231, 274, 331, 400-402)</p> <p>Etymology. The name honors Lionel Walter Rothschild, a British zoologist and collector.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M (ex. Collection Rothschild; ex. Collection Oberthür), PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe: Mount Alexander to Mount Nisbet, I.1896, Anthony coll. (MNHN). Paratypes (1 M, 1 F), as follows: PAPUA NEW GUINEA, Morobe: F, same data as holotype (MNHN); Aseki, M, II.18.1999, native collector (KMCT).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, brown; parts of head and mandibles, margins of pronotum and scutellum, and elytral suture, blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 400). Dorsal surface of head, on gibbosities, with punctures fine and somewhat abundant; central area, between gibbosities and occiput, with punctures coarser and sparser than on gibbosities; gibbosities separated by moderately deep furrow, with a punctiform depression near clypeus; area between gibbosities and ocular carina depressed; ocular carina elevated, without bifurcation in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes; area behind eyes coarsely and sparsely punctate. Eyes (Fig. 91) narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 400) distinct. Central area of clypeus oblique. Central area of labrum distinctly tumid and with tuberculiform process frontally; central projection of labrum (Fig. 9) wide and rounded at apex, distinctly lowered. Submentum barely depressed, sparsely, shallowly punctate and transversely striated; pilosity very short and sparse; anterior margin moderately narrow and elevated. Mandibles (Fig. 151) sub-falciform; inner margin with two teeth together protracted; dorsal carina narrow and clearly elevated. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI (Fig. 231) visible from side (mainly in distal antennomeres) and divided by carina.</p> <p>Pronotum somewhat finely, sparsely punctate on central area, and distinctly coarser and more abundant laterally; anterior edge slightly sinuous centrally; anterior angles clearly projected forward. Elytra abundantly and coarsely punctate on basal 3/4, mainly laterally, and finer on apical fourth; each elytron with two carinae. Metasternum and metepisterna glabrous, with punctures coarse and abundant (laterally on metasternum). Metafemur (Fig. 401) short. Dorsal face of metatibia flat, more distinctly on apical half. Metatarsomere V (without claws) as long as I-III together (Fig. 274).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 402). Labrum (Fig. 10) as in male, with central projection narrower. Mandibles as in Fig. 152. Punctation of head, pronotum finer; punctation of elytra as in male.</p> <p>Variability. Integument brown to dark-brown.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 21.5-21.7/19.7; prothorax: length, 4.7- 4.8/4.1; anterior width, 5.8-5.9/4.6; posterior width, 4.9-5.0/4.6; humeral width, 6.0-6.1/5.6; elytral length, 12.5-12.7/12.8.</p> <p>Comments. Papuandra rothschildi is similar in general appearance to P. weigeli Mainly, it differs by the ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI divided by carina (without carina in P. weigeli). From P. araucariae it differs, notably, by dorsal carina of mandibles strongly elevated (distinctly lower in P. araucariae).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF9DFFA366D0FF18132D37D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF9DFFA166D0F9F811FB3396.text	975887B7FF9DFFA166D0F9F811FB3396.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra norfolkensis Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Papuandra norfolkensis sp. nov.</p> <p>(Fig. 7, 8, 89, 148, 149, 150, 230, 273, 341, 397-399)</p> <p>Parandra species; Holloway 1977: 272.</p> <p>Parandra frenchi; Webb 1987: 5 (part).</p> <p>Parandra araucariae; Webb 1994: 325.</p> <p>Parandra? araucariae; Smithers 1998: 19 (cat.).</p> <p>Etymology. The name refers to the Australian Norfolk Island.</p> <p>Type material. Holotype M, from AUSTRALIA, Norfolk Island: XII.1984, M. Jowett coll. (ANIC). Paratypes (1 M, 5 F), as follows: Norfolk Island: M (in lichens), II.7.1980, R. Paton coll. (MZSP); F, III.1971, donated by residents of the island (ANIC); F (in Araucaria log), II.7.1980, R. Paton coll. (ANIC); F (29 o 02’S, 167 o 57’E; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=167.95&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 167.95/lat -29.033333)">Burnt Pine</a>), 1984, B. Evans coll. (ANIC); F (at light), II.5.1980, R. Paton coll. (ANIC); (Botanic Garden), F, V.1984, L. Hill ANPWS coll. (ANIC).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, brown; parts of head and mandibles blackish; margins of pronotum and scutellum, and elytral suture, dark-brown.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 397). Dorsal face of head very finely, sparsely punctate; gibbosities separated by shallow and wide furrow, and with projection in posterior part near longitudinal furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina with narrow depression; ocular carina narrow, without bifurcation in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes; area behind eyes finely, sparsely punctate. Eyes (Fig. 89) moderately narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 397) distinct, but without abrupt declivity towards posterior part of head. Central area of clypeus oblique. Central projection of labrum (Fig. 7) wide and truncate at apex. Submentum slightly depressed; punctures coarse, shallow and sparse; pilosity short and sparse, with some long hair at anteromedian region; anterior margin narrow, elevated throughout extension. Mandibles not falciform; inner area of left mandible (Fig. 148) larger than in right mandible (Fig. 149); inner margin with two large teeth together protracted, with the projection of teeth of left mandible wider than in right mandible. Dorsal carina notably elevated. Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI visible from side (Fig. 230) and divided by distinct carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI moderately wide; pilosity of antennomeres III-XI long and abundant (Fig. 230).</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at central area, and coarser and more abundantly punctate laterally; anterior edge slightly concave at central area; anterior angles clearly projected forwards. Elytra moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate (coarser and more abundant at lateral and anterior two-thirds); each elytron with two carinae visible. Metasternum glabrous, with some shallow and fine punctures laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 398) short and wide. Dorsal face of metatibiae longitudinally sulcate on apical half. Tibiae with pilosity moderately abundant. Metatarsomere V (without claws) clearly shorter than I-III together (Fig. 273).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 399). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 8) narrow and rounded apically. Mandibles (Fig. 150). Punctation of head, pronotum and elytra as in males.</p> <p>Variability. Integument varies from medium to dark brown; pronotal margins and elytral suture blackish.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 9.5-12.2/10.1-15.5; prothorax: length, 2.1-2.8/2.3-3.4; anterior width, 2.4-3.3/2.6-3.7; posterior width, 2.3-3.1/2.5-3.7; humeral width, 2.5-3.3/ 2.8-4.1; elytral length, 5.7-7.3/6.5-9.9.</p> <p>Comments. Papuandra norfolkensis is very similar to P. araucariae, but differs by the: dorsal carina of the mandible of male more elevated throughout extension, including after the middle of the length of the mandible, where the declivity is abrupt at the base; inner face of the right mandible of male narrower and clearly different from that of the left mandible; pilosity of antennae (Fig. 230) obviously more abundant in both sexes; pilosity of tibiae more abundant in both sexes. In P. araucariae, the dorsal carina of the male mandible is elevated only at basal third, and clearly lower after the middle, where the declivity is less abrupt; the inner face of the right mandible of the male is very similar to that of the left mandible and is wide; the pilosity of antennae (Fig. 226) and of tibiae is obviously shorter and sparser in both sexes.</p> <p>Holloway (1977) was the first to record Parandrinae from Norfolk Island: “Mrs. Jowett has also added a Parandra species, resembling the New Guinea araucariae Gressitt and New Caledonian species (Parandrinae)”. Afterwards, Webb (1994), based on the identification of Arigony, recorded Parandra araucariae from Norfolk Island, but he was in doubt: “This lack of previous evidence of its presence on Norfolk Island, the geographical distance from its previously known distribution and the absence of P. araucariae and other group 1 Parandra (Parandra) (sensu Arigony 1984) from other islands of the New Zealand block invites some suspicion about its status on Norfolk Island. Parandra araucariae may have been accidentally introduced to Norfolk Island in timber (although there is no clear evidence of this). Alternatively, it may represent a relict population of P. araucariae which may have been more widespread in the past (although there is no fossil evidence to support this either) or it may represent a new species closely allied to P. araucariae.</p> <p>Webb (1994) listed only females in “material examined”, and wrote: “Further study on a larger sample (including males) is required”. However, one of the specimens examined by him is a small male and not a female: “R. Paton, 7 Feb 1980, in fungus, F, ANIC”. Probably, the specimen recorded in Webb (1987) is the same recorded in Webb (1994), respectively: “R. Paton; 1980; Norfolk Island; Araucariae excelsa (3); ANIC”; “R. Paton, 7 Feb 1980, in Araucaria log, F, ANIC”.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF9DFFA166D0F9F811FB3396	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF9FFFA066D0FE3816773116.text	975887B7FF9FFFA066D0FE3816773116.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Papuandra araucariae (Gressitt 1959) Santos-Silva & Heffern & Matsuda 2010	<div><p>Papuandra araucariae (Gressitt, 1959)</p> <p>(Fig. 1, 2, 86, 141, 142, 201, 210, 226, 269, 318, 387-389)</p> <p>Parandra araucariae Gressitt, 1959: 65, fig. 1.</p> <p>Parandra (Parandra) araucariae; Arigony 1984: 89, 90, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 100, 116, fig. 27, 28, 33, 40, 49, 56, 63-66; Santos-Silva 2002: 32 (note).</p> <p>Description. Integument shining, pale-brown; parts of head, parts of mandibles, margins of pronotum and of scutellum, and elytral suture, blackish.</p> <p>Male (Fig. 387). Dorsal surface of head finely, sparsely punctate; gibbosities separated by deep furrow, and with projection in posterior part near longitudinal furrow; area between gibbosities and ocular carina with depression well defined; ocular carina narrow, without bifurcation in “Y” near posterior edge of eyes; area behind eyes more coarsely punctate than dorsal surface of head. Eyes (Fig. 86) moderately narrow; posterior ocular edge (Fig. 387) distinct, but without abrupt declivity towards posterior part of head. Central area of clypeus oblique. Labrum tumid at middle-basal area; central projection (Fig. 1) moderately wide, truncate at apex. Submentum barely depressed, sparsely, shallowly punctate; pilosity short and very sparse; anterior margin moderately narrow and elevated. Mandibles (Fig. 141) not falciform; inner margin with two teeth together protracted and distinctly separated at their apices; dorsal carina narrow and not notably elevated. Galea (Fig. 201). Ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI visible from side (Fig. 226) and divided by clear carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI moderately large.</p> <p>Pronotum finely, sparsely punctate at central area, and coarser and more abundantly punctate laterally; anterior edge slightly concave centrally; anterior angles clearly projected forward. Elytra abundantly, somewhat coarsely punctate, but finer and sparser towards suture on basal two-thirds, and all of apical third; each elytron with one carina visible. Wings as in Fig. 210. Metasternum glabrous, with punctures shallow, coarser laterally. Metafemur (Fig. 388) moderately elongate. Dorsal face of metatibiae longitudinally sulcate. Metatarsomere V approximately as long as I-III together (Fig. 269).</p> <p>Female (Fig. 389). Central projection of labrum (Fig. 2). Mandibles as in Fig. 142. Punctation of head, pronotum, and elytra as in males.</p> <p>Variability. Integument brown. Males: gibbosities of dorsal surface of head separated by shallow furrow; projection of gibbosities in posterior part near longitudinal furrow, barely visible; central area of clypeus barely oblique; central projection of labrum rounded at apex; submentum not depressed; submentum flat; submentum transversely striate; anterior margin of submentum barely elevated. Female: punctation of basal two-thirds of elytra, close to suture, and laterally.</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (M / F). Total length (including mandibles), 13.0-16.0/15.1-18.2; prothorax: length, 2.9-3.3/3.2-4.0; anterior width, 3.3-4.0/3.6-4.4; posterior width, 2.6-3.5/3.6-4.2; humeral width, 3.2-4.1/ 4.0-5.0; elytral length, 7.5-9.0/9.0-11.1.</p> <p>Geographical distribution (Fig. 318). Papua New Guinea (New Guinea, Normamby Island), and Indonesia (Irian Jaya).</p> <p>Material examined. (15 M, 7 F), as follows: PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Morobe: Bulolo M, 1964, (UNCO); F, II.1974, J. Sedlacek coll. (EVCO); F, (in dead trunk of Araucaria cunninghamii), 12.II.1974, J. Sedlacek coll. (EVCO); M, XII.24-29.1994, K. Hiramatsu coll. (NOCO); M, XII.25.1994, M. Takagi coll. (NOCO); (800m), F, I.15-II.14.1979, J. Sedlacek coll. (IRSN); (700m), F, I.16.1970, (JCCO); M, [date not indicated], J. Sedlacek coll. (MZSP); (1020m), paratype M, VIII.24.1956, E. J. Ford Jr. coll. (BPBM); M, XII.12.1971, J. Sedlacek coll. (DHCO); M, III.5.1972, J. Sedlacek coll. (DHCO); Wau (Wau Ecology Institut; 1200m), 3 M, 1 F, II.15-18.2000, A. Weigel coll. (AWCO); F, II.15-18.2000, A. Weigel coll. (MZSP); (1200m), M, VIII.30.1971, (CHKC). Madang: Wum (Upper Jimmi Valley; 840m), paratype M, VII.17.1955, J. L. Gressitt coll. (BPBM). Eastern Highlands: Okapa - Okasa, M, F, XII.18.1964, R. Hornabrook coll. (CHKC). INDONESIA, New Guinea, Irian Jaya, Papua: Epomani-Ugida, km 179 (Paniai region; 1350-1400m), 2 M, I.19- 20.1996, A. Riedel coll. (ZSMC).</p> <p>Type, type locality. According to Gressitt (1959) the holotype male is from Western Highlands (Wum), deposited at BPBM, and there are twenty-eight (28) paratypes, deposited at BMNH, USNM, CASC, BPBM, CSIR, RMNH, MZBI, CNHM, and DASF. Gressitt (1959) recorded that the holotype and some paratypes from Wum collected July 16, 1955 by him, and some from Bulolo collected August 22-23, 1956 by him are deposited at BPBM. We examined two paratypes males from Wum and Bulolo, deposited at BPMB, that don’t agree with that data (see “Material examined”).</p> <p>Comments. Papuandra araucariae is the only species in this genus with the mandibles of the male and female similar. It was common to find specimens from New Guinea in many collections misidentified as P. araucariae. See comments on P. norfolkensis, from Norfolk Island.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF9FFFA066D0FE3816773116	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF9EFFA066D0FC5811A13556.text	975887B7FF9EFFA066D0FC5811A13556.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenandra Lameere 1912	<div><p>Stenandra Lameere, 1912</p> <p>Parandra (Stenandra) Lameere, 1912: 114; 1913: 7 (cat.); 1919: 18; Gilmour 1956: 8.</p> <p>Stenandra; Quentin and Villiers 1972: 208 (new status); 1975: 20; Santos-Silva 2002: 30 (key).</p> <p>Type species. Parandra kolbei Lameere, 1903 (monotypy).</p> <p>Description. Dorsal face of head, mandibles, genae, pronotum, elytra (mainly at apical third), pro-, meso- and metasternum, and femora with short hair, relatively abundant.</p> <p>Dorsal face of head convex, without gibbosities between eyes. Ocular carina absent; antennal tubercles large, placed almost dorsally on head, with their bases surpassing apex of eyes. Clypeus moderately long, oblique, clearly separated from front by suture. Labrum wide, short, concave; central projection narrow and sub-acute. Mandibles very similar in both sexes; as long as head in males, and as long as or shorter than head in females; triangular, with apex clearly curved inside; in males, separated at inner base; in females with inner base separated or not; outer face (Fig. 93) narrow at base, and with small tooth close to apex; dorsal carina with its limits not evident by inclination and width of inner face (absence of abrupt declivity between top of carina and beginning of inner face); inner margin with a strong concavity close to basal tooth of apex, and without evident teeth between that concavity and base. Eyes (Fig. 93) wide at ventral ocular lobes, and narrow at dorsal ocular lobes, emarginate; ocular posterior edge distinct. Mentum with hair very sparse. Galea extremely short, not reaching the base of first segment of maxillary palp. Antennae (Fig. 215) surpassing base of elytra; ventral sensorial area of antennomeres III-XI visible from side, divided by strong carina; dorsal sensorial area of antennomere XI large, deep, well delimited.</p> <p>Pronotum convex; anterior edge slightly sinuous; anterior angles slightly projected forward; lateral angles absent; posterior angles distinct, almost in right angle. Elytra strongly punctate. Apex of prosternal process enlarged. Procoxal cavities closed behind (sometimes, slightly open). Paronychium absent.</p> <p>Included species. Stenandra kolbei (Lameere, 1903); S. vadoni Quentin and Villiers, 1972.</p> <p>Geographical distribution. Tropical Africa, Madagascar, and Vietnam (Fig. 315).</p> <p>Comments. The general appearance of Stenandra easily separates it from other genera of Parandrini, notably by the pilosity of the elytra and the form of the mandibles.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF9EFFA066D0FC5811A13556	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
975887B7FF99FFA766D0FF1813633416.text	975887B7FF99FFA766D0FF1813633416.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenandra kolbei (Lameere 1903)	<div><p>Stenandra kolbei (Lameere, 1903)</p> <p>(Fig. 29, 93, 122, 215, 258, 322, 354)</p> <p>Parandra kolbei Lameere, 1903: 6.</p> <p>Parandra (Stenandra) Kolbei; Lameere 1912: 116; 1913: 7 (cat.); 1919: 18; Gilmour 1956: 8.</p> <p>Parandra (Stenandra) kolbei; Quentin and Villiers 1972: 208 (key).</p> <p>Stenandra kolbei; Villiers 1966: 1220; Jenis 2008: 121.</p> <p>Description. Integument dark-brown; parts of mandibles, margins of pronotum, and elytral suture. blackish; apical third or fourth of elytra darker.</p> <p>Dorsal face of head (Fig. 354) coarse and somewhat sparsely punctate centrally, gradually coarser, more abundant and confluent laterally; area behind eyes coarsely, confluently punctate. Clypeus coarsely, abundantly punctate. Labrum (Fig. 29) smooth, glabrous laterally, and somewhat coarsely punctate and with short hair centrally, mainly near central projection. Superior ocular (Fig. 93) lobe not notably separated from base of antenna. Submentum with piliferous punctures; anterior edge slightly elevated throughout extension. Mandibles as in Fig. 122. Antennae as in Fig. 215.</p> <p>Dorsal surface of tibiae rounded. Metatarsomere V (without claws) longer than I-III together (Fig. 258).</p> <p>Dimensions in mm (F). Total length (including mandibles), 17.4; prothorax: length, 3.2; anterior width, 3.5; posterior width, 3.2; humeral width, 4.4; elytral length, 9.8. Dimensions according to Lameere (1912): “Long de 17 millimètres”.</p> <p>Geographical distribution. Tropical Africa and Vietnam (Fig. 322).</p> <p>Material examined. VIETNAM, Vinh Phuc: Tam Dao National Park, F, VII.14-27.1992, N. Katsura coll. (ZKCO).</p> <p>Types, type locality. Lameere (1912) described the species based on a pair: “Semio (pays de Niam-Niam), um mâle du Musée de Berlin: Camerum (Jardim botanique de Victoria), une femelle du Musée de Hambourg ”.</p> <p>Comments. As seen above, Stenandra kolbei was originally described from Central Africa, but Ziro Komiya (personal communication), confirmed that the specimen studied by us was collected in Vietnam. We do not know if the species was introduced in Asia. However, in the last few decades, Vietnam has imported great numbers of exotic trees for tree farms, besides a great amount of wood importation for manufacture.</p> <p>According to the Embassy of Denmark, Hanoi (http://www.ambhanoi.um.dk): “Around 70-80% of the raw material used in the woodworking and furniture industry are imported. Vietnam has scarce resources of forest areas with timber for manufacturing use”, and “The lumber from Vietnam today is of rather low quality which forces the manufacturers to import their raw materials. Most of these are from the neighboring countries Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia and Indonesian, but also largely from the US, Southern America, New Zealand and other places. The imported woods are oak, pine, eucalypts, and peach among others”.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/975887B7FF99FFA766D0FF1813633416	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Santos-Silva, Antonio;Heffern, Daniel;Matsuda, Kiyoshi	Santos-Silva, Antonio, Heffern, Daniel, Matsuda, Kiyoshi (2010): Revision of Hawaiian, Australasian, Oriental, and Japanese Parandrinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). Insecta Mundi 2010 (130): 1-120, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5164485
