taxonID	type	description	language	source
967A8F0D99229F66A5D2FEAEFC02FD0C.taxon	type_taxon	Type Species. Bostrichus cryptographus Ratzeburg, 1837, by monotypy Adult Female Diagnosis. Length 2.1 — 2.5 mm. Body dark reddish brown. Antennal club type 2 (Hulcr et al. 2007), with segment 1 corneous on both faces of antennal club and segment 2 clearly visible on anterior face, separated from first corneous segment by a suture (Figs. 2 — 6). Segment 3 visible on posterior side of club. Submentum feebly impressed below level of genae, triangular. Protibia obliquely triangular, broadest at apical 2 / 3, lateral margin armed with six denticles. Pronotum stout, 1.00 — 1.05 times as long as wide, appearing strongly convex in dorsal view (conical, type 0 or basic, type 2; Hulcr et al. 2007), with the summit located behind middle in lateral view (tall, type 2; Hulcr et al. 2007), anterior angles rounded, anterior margin of pronotum never with a row of serrations (Figs. 7, 8, 11), pronotal declivity finely asperate, pronotal disc punctate. Scutellum clearly visible, flush with elytral surface. Elytral mycangium visible in H. seriatus as two elongate pit mycangia immediately adjacent to scutellum, one on each elytron, elytral apex rounded, elytral declivity flat to convex. Adult Male Diagnosis. In his description of Heteroborips, Reitter (1913) also gave characters of the male (Figs. 9, 10, 12, 13). Length 1.5 mm. Body yellowish brown to nearly yellow, dorsoventrally flattened, but distinctly humped at elytral base. Pronotum distinctly longer than wide, smooth, shiny, impunctate, unarmed; appearing dorsoventrally flattened, with long setae laterally. Elytra with irregularly punctate striae; surface covered with long, erect setae and short, sparse, recumbent setae. Mesotibia with a long apical spur.	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99229F66A5D2FEAEFC02FD0C.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Several morphological features are considered as having significant importance in distinguishing xyleborine genera. These features include the presence and position of a mycangium, scutellum visibility and form, pronotal shape and sculpturing, elytral pubescence, and form of the antennal club. These features were tested in a cladistic framework by Hulcr et al. (2007) and found to be the most useful in diagnosing genera (Hulcr and Smith 2010). The unique combination of a scutellum that is flush with the elytral surface, absence of an elytral mycangial tuft along the base of the pronotum, truncate antennal club, edge of segment 1 continuous on both sides of club with segments 1 and 3 visible on posterior face (type 2; Hulcr et al. 2007), and characteristics of the pronotum described above, plus monophyly found in the Bayesian analysis, sufficiently warrant the recognition of Heteroborips.	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99239F64A5A5F9B5FEFDF902.taxon	description	(Figs. 2 — 4, 7 — 10)	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99239F64A5A5F9B5FEFDF902.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. The types of H. cryptographus cannot be located (Wood and Bright 1992). More than 1,000 specimens from various parts of Russia and Europe were studied, including more than 250 specimens collected by A. Mishin, V. Shabliovskyi, and L. Lyubarskii in Maikhe Forest (Shkotov District, southern part of Maritime (Primorsk) Territory in the Far East) in 1931 — 1932 and originating from V. N. Stark collection (ZISP).	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99239F64A5A5F9B5FEFDF902.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body shiny, 2.1 — 2.5 mm long, reddish brown to nearly black (Figs. 7, 8). Legs and antennae lighter, yellow in color. Head: Frons broad and short, only slightly convex, with obscure punctures and rugosities; punctures above epistoma smaller than in upper portion of frons; with obscure, short median keel, poorly developed in some specimens; surface covered by long, erect, sparsely set hairs. Vertex finely shagreened. Segment 1 of antennal club corneous, concave on anterior face. Pronotum: As described above in key, pronotum rounded in dorsal view, basic (type 2; Hulcr et al. 2007), median line smooth, obscure; surface covered by erect setae, longer at anterior and lateral margins. Protibia: As described for genus, with protibial denticles large, distinctly larger than basal width, their bases slightly elevated. Elytra: Cylindrical, as wide as pronotum, lateral margins parallel, broadly rounded at apex, declivity steep and slightly flattened (Figs. 7, 8). Pit mycangia absent. Strial punctures clearly developed, narrow and not deep, evident on disc and declivity, punctures densely set, irregularly shaped. Interstriae flat, wider than striae, punctures minute, irregularly uniseriate. Declivital interstriae each with a uniseriate row of small tubercles. Striae with regular rows of short, erect setae. Interstrial setae similar to those of striae but approximately twice as long as width of interstria 2. Abdomen: Densely punctate with sparse, erect hairs.	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99239F64A5A5F9B5FEFDF902.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Austria, Belgium, Belarus, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Georgia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Russia (Caucasus, Crimea, East Siberia, European part, Far East, West Siberia), Serbia, Montenegro, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine (Kn´ıžek 2011). Detailed Russian distribution: All European parts (Murmansk Prov., Karelia, Leningrad Province, Novgorod Province, Vologda Province, Kirovsk Province, Pskov Province, Yaroslavl Province, Moscow Province, Kostroma Province, Mordovia Republic, Chuvashia Republic, Udmurtia Republic, Samara Province, Smolensk Province, Briansk Province, Kaluga Province, Saratov Province, Kaliningrad Province, Kursk Province, Crimea, Adygea Republic, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Shkotov District of Maritime (Primorsk) Territory (Chilakhsaeva 2011).	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99239F64A5A5F9B5FEFDF902.taxon	biology_ecology	Host Plants. Populus tremula L. (Salicaceae), less commonly on Populus nigra L. Only one record is from Salix rorida Lacksch. (Salicaceae) (Western Saian Mts., Ermakovskii District, Krasnoyarsk Territory, nearby Tanzybeii settlement) (Akulov and Mandelshtam 2012). Biology. Galleries are excavated on the inner surface of bark and distinctly score the outer layers of wood. Eggs are laid in a cluster. Larvae exhibit communal feeding and consume fungi growing in the parental tunnel.	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99209F65A7C3FB9CFB9DFD89.taxon	description	(Figs. 5 – 6, 11 – 13)	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99209F65A7C3FB9CFB9DFD89.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Lectotypes of X. seriatus (NHML) and X. septentrionalis (Smith et al. 2018) and a paratype of X. orientalis (ZMMU) (Mandelshtam 2006) were examined (Mandelshtam 2006) as well as the description and illustration of X. todo (Smith et al. 2018). Additional non-type specimens examined include 20 from Japan (NHML, NHMW, NMNH, ZISP, ZMMU), more than 200 from Maritime Territory (Primorskii krai) in Russia (Mandelshtam 2006; Mandelshtam et al. 2018), and five from Sichuan, China (NMNH).	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99209F65A7C3FB9CFB9DFD89.taxon	description	Description. Female. Body shiny, 2.3 — 2.5 mm long. Head and venter black, pronotum and elytra reddish brown, pronotum darker (Fig. 11). Legs and antennae red. Head: Frons slightly convex, with longitudinal smooth elevation, covered by rough punctures displaced below by densely set tubercles; with long, sparse setae, their apices oriented inwards; brush of dense golden setae above epistoma. Surface finely reticulate on upper portion of head as well as interspaces among large frontal punctures. Segment 1 of antennal club corneous, straight on anterior face. Pronotum: Longer than wide, more narrowly convex anteriorly than in H. cryptographus, subconical (type 0; Hulcr et al. 2007). Disc punctate, punctures large, sparse, smaller towards basal and lateral margins; areas near lateral margins rugose. Entire pronotum covered by light red setae, longer in anterior half, setae inclined slightly towards pronotal apex. Protibia: As described for genus, with protibial denticles small, approximately equal to basal width, their bases not raised. Elytra: As wide as pronotum, 1.5 times longer than wide. Two pit mycangia present, parallel to sides of scutellum. Striae punctate, punctures shallow, distinct, imperfectly round. Interstrial punctures fine, sparse on disc, replaced by tubercles on declivity. Declivital interstriae with a row of long, erect, pale setae approximately as long as width of interstria 2. Abdomen: Densely punctate, covered by semirecumbent, long, pale setae, setae shorter on legs.	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99209F65A7C3FB9CFB9DFD89.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China: Shaanxi (Shensi), Shanxi (Shansi), Sichuan; Russia: Far East (Southern parts of Maritime Territory); Japan, North Korea, South Korea. Introduced to USA (Hoebeke and Rabaglia 2008), currently distributed in Massachusetts, Maine, and Pennsylvania (Atkinson 2018).	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
967A8F0D99209F65A7C3FB9CFB9DFD89.taxon	biology_ecology	Host Plants. Acer spp. (Aceraceae), Aesculus turbinata Blume (Sapindaceae), Alnus spp. (Betulaceae), Betula spp. (Betulaceae), Carpinus tschonoskii Maxim. (Betulaceae), Castanopsis sp. (Fagaceae), Chamaecyparis spp. (Cupressaceae), Cleyera japonica Thunb. (Pentaphylacaceae), Cryptomeria japonica (L. f.) D. Don (Cupressaceae), Fagus crenata Blume (Fagaceae), Juglans mandshurica Maxim. (Juglandaceae), Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. (Araliaceae), Larix kaempferi (Lamb.) Carrière (Pinaceae), Mallotus japonicus (L. f.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae), Picea jezoensis (Siebold & Zucc.) Carr. (Pinaceae), Pinus spp. (Pinaceae), Prunus maackii Rupr. (Rosaceae), Prunus sp., Quercus spp. (Fagaceae), Rhus ambigua Lavallée ex Dippel (Anacardiaceae), Salix sp., “ Shima ”, Thuja standishii (Gordon) Carrière (Cupressaceae), Tilia japonica (Miq.) Simonkai (Malvaceae), and Tsuga spp. (Pinaceae). Biology. Galleries consist of a transverse entrance tunnel, 2 — 4 cm in length and located in the sapwood and visible after peeling off the bark, and a parental gallery. The parental gallery consists of a primary tunnel that is widened at one extremity and from which secondary tunnels 3 — 4 cm in length penetrate into the xylem, each with the form of a faintly curved hook. Larvae exhibit communal feeding in the top layer of wood and bark (Kurentsov 1941). Taxonomic Notes. This species was referred to as X. orientalis in Russian literature (Kurentsov 1941; Stark 1952; Krivolutskaya 1996) until its synonymy with X. seriatus (Mandelshtam 2006).	en	Mandelshtam, Michail Yu., Petrov, Alexander V., Smith, Sarah M., Cognato, Anthony I. (2019): Resurrection of Heteroborips Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) from Synonymy with Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864. The Coleopterists Bulletin 73 (2): 387-394, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-73.2.387, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-73.2.387
