identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
963B1A1C8D36C71FDC89FCDFF46E0E21.text	963B1A1C8D36C71FDC89FCDFF46E0E21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hesperis muglensis Hamzaoglu & Koc 2022	<div><p>Hesperis muglensis Hamzaoğlu &amp; Koç, sp. nov.</p><p>( Hesperis sect. Hesperis) (Figure 1).</p><p>Diagnosis: — Hesperis muglensis is similar to H. pisidica in terms of its habit. However, it mainly differs from H. pisidica because it has stems with densely glandular, simple and a few bifurcate hairs in lower part (not stellate, simple and glandular), sepals 4–6-veined and 1.8–2.2. mm wide (not 7–12-veined and 2.4–4 mm wide), anthers 2.8‒3.1 mm long (not 3.5‒4 mm long) (Table 1).</p><p>Type: — TURKEY. Muğla, Köyceğiz, above Yayla village, NE of Gökçeova lake, Sandras Mountain, 1970 m a.s.l., 13.7.2015, Koç 2071 &amp; Hamzaoğlu (holotype GAZI!, isotypes GAZI!, ANK!, HUB!) .</p><p>Description: —Caespitose perennial herbs. Roots thickened, taproot, 3–8 mm in diameter. Stems erect, 12–30 cm tall (including inflorescence), entirely greenish, simple, terete, slightly striate, 1–1.5 mm in diameter at base; densely glandular, simple and a few bifurcate hairs in lower part, glandular, bifurcate and a few trifid mixed hairs in middle part, bifurcate, trifid and a few glandular mixed hairs upper part. Leaves crowded at lower part; basal leaves entire, oblanceolate-spathulate, 2.5–9.5 × 0.5–1 cm (including petiole), margins smooth, bifurcate, trifid and a few glandular mixed hairs, glandular hairs especially on margins, obtuse to acute-obtuse at apex, attenuate at base; petiole 1–3.5 cm long, with glandular, bifurcate and a few trifid mixed hairs; cauline leaves similar, but decreasing to flowering part; lower oblanceolate, short petiolate or sessile; middle oblong-elliptic to oblanceolate, sessile, acute at apex; upper sessile, acute-acuminate at apex. Inflorescences raceme, ebracteate. Pedicels ascending at flowering time, 5–8 mm long, glandular, bifurcate and a few trifid hairs. Sepals purplish-violet, oblong-oblanceolate, deciduous, 4–6-veined, 7.5–9 × 1.8–2.2 mm, glandular, bifurcate, trifid and long simple mixed hairs, trifid and long simple hairs especially on apex and margins, with membranous margins, inner sepals strongly saccate. Petals 19–25 mm long, rose-pink; limbs obovate or spathulate, 9–13 × 6–8 mm; claw ± oblong, 10–12 × 1.5–2.3 mm. Outer filaments not dilated at base, 3.6–4.5 mm long, inner filaments dilated at base, 6–7.3 mm long; anthers all fertile, ± linear, 2.5–3.1 mm long, usually greenish, basifixed. Stigmas with two obtuse, decurrent carpidial lobes. Ovaries glabrescent on valves and densely minutely glandular on margins. Immature siliquae straight, densely minutely glandular, bifurcate and a few trifid mixed hairs, bifurcate and a few trifid hairs especially on apex and margins.</p><p>Etymology and Turkish name: —This species has been named Hesperis muglensis because it only occurs in Muğla Province, Turkey. We propose that the Turkish name of this new species “ Muğla yıldızı” (Turkish).</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —The species is known only from the type locality, Sandras Mountain, Köyceğiz district, Muğla city, where it grows at an altitude of approximately between 1900 and 2000 m a.s.l. on serpentine stony slopes and plains.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering time June‒July, fruiting time July‒August.</p><p>Conservation status: —Presently, Hesperis muglensis is an endemic species only known to grow in the Sandras Mountain tip locality (Köyceğiz, Muğla Province). It is estimated that the species shows an area of distribution in the altitude of approximately 1850–2000 m in a subalpine zone. Intensive pasturage is made on the mountain between the months of May–October by starting from the foot towards the summit of the mountain. The species could only be collected once up until now. The specimens collected form young individuals with flowers and that have still not produced fruit. Subsequently, the area was visited two more times in different years for collecting the mature, fruited individuals. However, due to intensive pasturage, mature, fruited individuals for the species could not be collected. The area of distribution of the species is approximately 25 km 2, but the distribution is very scattered, and it is estimated that the number of individuals is fewer than 2500. The individuals are being eaten before producing seeds due to intensive pasturage. The source of income of the people in the environs is only based on agriculture. It is estimated that as the human population increases in the future, that animal husbandry in the environs connected to this, and consequently, pasturage would increase. It is thought that as a result of the increase in pasturage that the number of mature individuals that can produce seeds would gradually decrease. When all these conditions are taken into consideration, it was decided that it would be appropriate to evaluate the species in the Endangered [EN (C1)] category according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019).</p><p>Discussion: — Hesperis muglensis is similar to H. pisidica in habit and both also grow in the southwest of Turkey (Cullen 1965). However, it can be stated that serpentine rock is an important factor in the speciation of H. muglensis, because the area of distribution that partly overlaps H. pisidica, in on calcareous bedrock. An evident difference in size between the basal and lower body leaves in H. muglensis are striking. The basal and lower body leaves have a similar size in H. muglensis, but they are crowded around the base in H. pisidica . The two species also differ in leaf shape. While the basal and lower stem leaves in H. muglensis are oblanceolate-spathulate, they are oblong or oblanceolate in H. pisidica (Figure 1, Table 1). However, the differences that are the most striking between the generative characters are the width of petal limb, the length of the anthers and the ovary. The petal limb is narrower, the anther shorter and ovary glabrescent on valves in H. muglensis . Furthermore, the ovary, especially on the margin parts has intensive secretion pubescence. Whereas, in H. pisidica the ovaries are without pubescence or have pilose pubescence (Table 1).</p><p>Specimens Examined:— Hesperis pisidica . TURKEY. Antalya, above Saklıkent, Bakırlı Mountain, 1900–2000 m a.s.l., Ö.Eren 2511 &amp; H.Duman (GAZI); Elmalı, road of Gedik Çukuru, ca. 1850 m a.s.l., 25.06.1975, R.Çetik 1724 (KNYA) ; ibid., Kızlar Sivrisi, 2050–2150 m a.s.l., 07.06.1999, A.Duran 4613 &amp; M.Sağıroğlu (KNYA) ; ibid., between Tekke and Çığlıkara road, 21.06.1995, 1700 m a.s.l., H.Duman 5763 (GAZI); Burdur, Tefenni, Eldirek Mountain, S. of Dirmil [Altınyayla], kalkfelsen, 1850–1980 m a.s.l., 29.06.1948, Huber-Morath 8558 (holotype: G, G00371714, virtual image!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/963B1A1C8D36C71FDC89FCDFF46E0E21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamzaoğlu, Ergin;Koç, Murat	Hamzaoğlu, Ergin, Koç, Murat (2022): Two new species of Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Phytotaxa 545 (1): 30-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.2
963B1A1C8D34C719DC89FC59F6980E9D.text	963B1A1C8D34C719DC89FC59F6980E9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hesperis zaferi Hamzaoglu & Koc 2022	<div><p>Hesperis zaferi Hamzaoğlu &amp; Koç, sp. nov.</p><p>( Hesperis sect. Hesperis) (Figure 2).</p><p>Diagnosis: — Hesperis zaferi is related to H. tosyaensis and H. ozcelikii in habit, inflorescence, and siliquae dimensions, but can be distinguished by basal leaves (entire versus lyrate or sinuate-dentate), leaf hairs (bifurcate hairs versus bifurcate, glandular, a few simple and trifid hairs, or glandular and stellate hairs or trifid and a few glandular hairs and very rarely a few simple hairs), pedicels (densely glandular and sparsely simple hairs versus glabrous or sparsely bifurcate and rarely trifid hairs, or densely glandular or rarely stellate and glandular hairs), petal claws (7–9 mm long versus 9–13 mm long), and silique hairs (glandular hairs versus glabrous or densely glandular, sparsely bifurcate and rarely a few simple hairs) in H. tosyaensis and H. ozcelikii (Table 2).</p><p>Type: — TURKEY. Çorum, Sungurlu, SE of Kurbağalı village, Aygar Mountain, 1500 m a.s.l., 07. June 2017, Hamzaoğlu 7249 &amp; Koç (holotype GAZI!, isotypes GAZI!, ANK!, HUB!) .</p><p>Description: —Perennial herbs. Roots thickened, horizontal, 2–5 mm in diameter. Stems ascending to erect, 30–70 cm tall (including inflorescence), usually purplish below, simple or 2–4-branched in inflorescence, terete, smooth, 2–3.5 mm in diameter at base; hispid simple hairs in lower part, hispid simple and sparsely glandular mixed hairs in middle part, densely glandular and sparsely ± hispid simple mixed hairs in upper part, longest simple hairs 2 mm long. Leaves crowded at lower and middle part; basal leaves entire, elliptic, 6–15 × 1–2.5 cm (including petiole), remotely denticulate, bifurcate hairs, only main midrib simple hairs, acute at apex, attenuate at base; petiole 2–7 cm long, with 1–2 mm simple and bifurcate hairs; cauline leaves similar, but decreasing to flowering part; lower elliptic-lanceolate, shorter petiolate; middle lanceolate, subsessile, acute to acuminate at apex; upper sessile, acuminate at apex, obtusetruncate at base, semiamplexicaul. Inflorescences raceme or panicle, ebracteate. Pedicels ascending at flowering time, horizontal or recurved at fruiting time, 15–25 mm long, densely glandular and sparsely simple hairs. Sepals usually purplish-violet, oblong-oblanceolate, deciduous, 4–6-veined, 8–9.5 × 1.2–1.8 mm, entirely glandular, a few bifurcate hairs only at apex, with membranous margins, inner sepals strongly saccate. Petals 16–22 mm long, purplish-pink; limbs obovate, 9–13 × 4–6 mm; claw ± oblong, 7–9 × 1–2 mm. Outer filaments not dilated at base, 3.8–4.3 mm long, inner filaments dilated at base, 5.8–6.4 mm long; anthers all fertile, ± linear, 2.4–2.9 mm long, usually greenish, basifixed. Stigmas with two obtuse, decurrent carpidial lobes. Ovaries minutely glandular. Siliquae 45–80 × 1–1.5 mm, ± terete, dehiscent, torulose, straight or curved, glandular, usually greenish.</p><p>Etymology and Turkish name: —The species is named in honour of the Turkish phytosociologist Prof. Dr. Ahmet Zafer Tel (Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey). We propose that the Turkish name of this new species “zafer yıldızı” (Turkish).</p><p>Distribution and habitat: —The species is known only from the type locality, Aygar Mountain, Sungurlu district, Çorum city, where it grows at an altitude of approximately between 1400 and 1640 m a.s.l. in oak forest clearings.</p><p>Phenology: —Flowering time May‒June, fruiting time June‒July.</p><p>Conservation status: —According to the existing data, Hesperis zaferi is an endemic plant only known to grow at Aygar Mountain located between Çorum and Yozgat (Central Anatolia) Provinces. It is estimated that the area of the species is approximately between 1400–1640 meters and that it shows distribution glades in Quercus sp. woodlands. No threat whatsoever was observed that the number of individuals in the area would decrease or that the area of distribution would narrow. The area of distribution of the species is approximately 400 km 2, but it is estimated that it has a scattered distribution and that the number of individuals is fewer than 1000. According to the data at hand and the projections, it was decided that it would be appropriate to evaluate the species in the Vulnerable [VU (D1)] category according to the IUCN criteria (IUCN Standards and Petitions Committee 2019).</p><p>Discussion: — Hesperis zaferi is similar to H. tosyaensis and H. ozcelikii in habit, inflorescence and siliquae measurements (Dvořák 1973, Duran 2009, Duran &amp; Çetin 2016). H. zafe ri is closer in distribution to H. tosyaensis (Tosya, Kastamonu Province). The distance as the crow flies between the two species is approximately 100 km. However, while H. zaferi (Çorum / Yozgat Provinces) is grown in the Irano-Turanian phytogeographic region, H. tosyaensis, grown at the northwest of it, has adapted to the Euro-Siberian region. H. ozcelikii (Sütçüler, Isparta Province) shows a distribution in the southwest at approximately 400 km as the crow flies from H. zaferi and has adapted to the Mediterranean region. Pubescence is the most important characteristic that separates H. za feri from these two similar species. In H. zaferi, the body and pedicels are bifurcate and stellate, whereas, trifid pubescence is not found on the leaves. Furthermore, the basal and body leaves in H. zaferi are always entire and the petal claw is clearly short (Table 2).</p><p>Specimens Examined:— Hesperis tosyaensis . TURKEY. Kastamonu, between Tosya and Sekiler village, 7. km, 1000 m a.s.l., 12.05.2001, A.Duran 5657 &amp; E.Hamzaoğlu (isotype GAZI!); ibid., between Tosya and Sekiler village, 7. km, 1000 m a.s.l., 21.07.2001, A.Duran 5822 &amp; Y.Menemen (paratype GAZI!); Paplagonia, Wilajet Kastambuli [Kastamonu],Tossia [Tosya], Karkun, 24.05.1892, Sintenis 3867 (paratypes:JE00001437!; JE00001438!; JE00001439!; JE00001440!, virtual images; ANK!). Hesperis ozcelikii . TURKEY. Isparta, Sütçüler, between Ayvalıpınar and Kesme road, 17. km, 1025 m a.s.l., 11.06.1999, A.Duran 4636, H.Özçelik &amp; M.Sağıroğlu (holotype KNYA!, isotype GAZI!); ibid., 09.06.2000, A.Duran 5262 &amp; H.Özçelik (paratype KNYA!, GAZI!) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/963B1A1C8D34C719DC89FC59F6980E9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Hamzaoğlu, Ergin;Koç, Murat	Hamzaoğlu, Ergin, Koç, Murat (2022): Two new species of Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) from Turkey. Phytotaxa 545 (1): 30-36, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.545.1.2
