identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
956BD905FFEDC90BFE61FBD1FE2AF948.text	956BD905FFEDC90BFE61FBD1FE2AF948.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestomyzini Lyneborg 1976	<div><p>Subfamily Xestomyzini Lyneborg, 1976</p> <p>The subfamily Xestomyzinae is morphologically very well supported (Lyneborg 1972). One of the most obvious external characters in females is the set of thick macrosetae on sternite 8, that are utilized for digging during oviposition, just as acanthophorite spines are utilized by Agapophytinae and Therevinae. Other characters include: spermathecal duct possessing a sclerotised ring basally; presence of lateral sclerites of the distiphallus (Hauser &amp; Irwin 2005 a); dorsal aedeagal apodeme reduced; spermathecal ducts entering the dorsal wall of the bursa copulatrix independently; and sternite 10 being rounded posteriorly with a long anterior extension.</p> <p>There is a clear taxonomic distinction between the New World genus Henicomyia Coquillett and the Old World genera of Xestomyzinae. Henicomyia has setulae on vein R 1, while all other Xestomyzinae lack these setulae. Lyneborg (1972) stated that the genera Xestomyza Wiedemann, Braunsophila Kröber and Ceratosathe Lyneborg form a monophyletic group, these being characterised by: proboscis longer than head; broad gena; frons possessing numerous setae; and more than three pairs of dorsocentral macrosetae. The relationship between this informal group and the other genera of Xestomyzinae remains unclear.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/956BD905FFEDC90BFE61FBD1FE2AF948	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hauser, Martin	Hauser, Martin (2012): A new species of Xestomyza Wiedemann, 1820 from South Africa, with a key to the genera of Xestomyzinae (Diptera: Therevidae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 175, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0111, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0111
956BD905FFEFC90EFE1CFC9CFD10FD8D.text	956BD905FFEFC90EFE1CFC9CFD10FD8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestomyza Wiedemann, Braunsophila Krober and Ceratosathe Lyneborg 1820	<div><p>Genus Xestomyza Wiedemann, 1820</p> <p>Xestomyza: Wiedemann 1820: 10. Type species: Xestomyza lugubris Wiedemann, by monotypy.</p> <p>Pseudoxestomyza Kröber, 1912: 2. Type species: Pseudoxestomyza longirostris Kröber, by monotypy. (Synonymy by Lyneborg 1972: 355.)</p> <p>Diagnosis: The genus can be distinguished from other genera in the subfamily by the long setae on the frons and parafacial, a characteristic shared with Braunsophila, Ceratosathe and Hemigephyra. Xestomyza differs from Ceratosathe by the holoptic eyes in males. From Hemigephyra it differs by the much longer proboscis. They also differ in wing coloration, with bands in Ceratosathe and Hemigephyra versus brown-maculated coloration in Xestomyza. Braunsophila is the most similar to Xestomyza, but can be separated by the following characters: scape much thicker than pedicel in Xestomyza (same thickness in Braunsophila), pair of finger­like extensions on gonocoxite with strong apical setae and apical cap on aedeagus (both features absent in Braunsophila).</p> <p>Notes. Flies of the genus Xestomyza, as well as the related genus Braunsophila, are rarely collected, even with Malaise traps and few specimens are known in collections. The majority of studied Xestomyza specimens were collected in September, but there are collecting dates ranging from July to December. More intense collecting efforts will very likely discover additional undescribed species.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/956BD905FFEFC90EFE1CFC9CFD10FD8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hauser, Martin	Hauser, Martin (2012): A new species of Xestomyza Wiedemann, 1820 from South Africa, with a key to the genera of Xestomyzinae (Diptera: Therevidae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 175, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0111, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0111
956BD905FFE8C90FFE4DFD34FCE3FD8F.text	956BD905FFE8C90FFE4DFD34FCE3FD8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestomyza lugubris : Wiedemann 1820	<div><p>Xestomyza lugubris Wiedemann, 1820</p> <p>Figs 1–4, 9, 11, 18, 19</p> <p>Xestomyza lugubris: Wiedemann 1820: 10; Lyneborg 1972: 357. Type locality: Cape of Good Hope; holotype in ZMUC.</p> <p>Pseudoxestomyza longirostris Kröber, 1912: 12; Lyneborg 1972: 357. Type locality: Algoa Bay; holotype in NHMW.</p> <p>Lyneborg (1972) gave a detailed redescription of this species, with illustrations of the male terminalia and head. One illustration he provides (Lyneborg 1972: 356, fig. 187) supposedly illustrates a male head in lateral view, but it is clearly a female specimen and not identical with the male specimen in fig. 186. The setae on the frons and the dorsal part of the scape are much longer and erect in males, whereas they are short and virtually appressed in females (Figs 9, 11).</p> <p>Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: Northern Cape: 1♀ 8 km E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.005556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.18111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.005556/lat -30.18111)">Kamieskroon</a> [30°10'52"S 18°00'20"E], [SE]3018AA, 5.ix.1983, Londt &amp; Stuckenberg, montane old land with rocks &amp; bushes nearby (MEI 116079, NMSA). Western Cape: 1♂ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.9&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.95" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.9/lat -33.95)">Stellenbosch</a>, #34, 33°57'S 18°54'E, 1494 m, 15.ix.1994, P.E. Reavell (MEI 164793, NMSA); 1♂ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.75" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.183332/lat -33.75)">Paarl Dist.</a>, Du Toits Kloof [33°45'S 19°11'E], 1000–2300 ft, 27–28.ix.1959, B. &amp; P. Stuckenberg (MEI 116078, NMSA); 1♂ Stellenbosch [33°56'05"S 18°52'00"S], 2.ix.1926, Dr H. Brauns, “/ Pseudoxestomyza longirostris Kröb. Det Kröber 1927 / Therevidae Lyneborg specimen no. 1002/ Xestomyza lugubris det. Lyneborg 1970” (NMSA); 1♂ Cape Peninsula, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.435555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.1075" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.435555/lat -34.1075)">Silvermine Nature Reserve</a> [34°06'27"S 18°26'08"E] nr road, 12.ix.2002, Barkemeyer (MEI 146480, WBC).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/956BD905FFE8C90FFE4DFD34FCE3FD8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hauser, Martin	Hauser, Martin (2012): A new species of Xestomyza Wiedemann, 1820 from South Africa, with a key to the genera of Xestomyzinae (Diptera: Therevidae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 175, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0111, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0111
956BD905FFE9C903FE37FDC4FED6FE21.text	956BD905FFE9C903FE37FDC4FED6FE21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestomyza stuckenbergi Hauser 2012	<div><p>Xestomyza stuckenbergi sp. n.</p> <p>Figs 5–8, 12–17, 20</p> <p>Etymology: The species is named after Brian Stuckenberg, in honour of his leading role in African Dipterology for many decades.</p> <p>Diagnosis: This species is significantly smaller than X. lugubris and is characterized by the grey pubescence covering the entire body and the differences in the male terminalia.</p> <p>Description:</p> <p>Male.</p> <p>Body length: 5.5–6.2 mm; wing length: 5.5–6.9 mm.</p> <p>Head: Entirely covered in silver pubescence; dichoptic with eyes separated by 2× the distance between hind ocelli (Fig. 7); eye bare, ommatidia homogeneous in size; setae on head strong, black, except finer and white on gena, palpus and proboscis. Antenna inserted on central facial protrusion, which is silver pubescent dorsally and ventrally as on remainder of head, but dark brown pubescent laterally (Fig. 5). Scape 4.5× as thick as long; clothed in silver pubescence; dorsoapical three-quarters and ventroapical third with strong, black, bristle­like setae (Fig. 20); setae on dorsobasal quarter and ventrobasal two­thirds of virtually same length; pedicel ovoid, with ring of stiff black setae longer than length of pedicel; flagellomere 1 pear­shaped, covered in short erect setae; second flagellomere cylindrical, with apical arista. Proboscis straight, long, virtually as long as scape; palpus long, two­segmented, both covered with numerous long, black setae admixed with some white setae. Macrosetae: 2 notopleural, 1 supra-alar, 1 postalar, 6 dorsocentral, 1 scutellar (all black).</p> <p>Thorax and pleuron: Entirely covered in silvery-grey pubescence, except for a medial brown fascia along length of scutum, bifurcated in anterior quarter by a silver line, and brown pubescent lateral part of scutum. Scutum with sparse black erect setae; pleuron with sparse fine white setae (Fig. 7). Prosternal depression with numerous long white setae. Wing dark brown, except lighter area in discal area, comprising basal part of cell r 5, apical part of cell d and basal part of cell m 1 (Figs 5, 6); apical half of wing with veins surrounded by lighter coloration; visible coloration chiefly caused by colour of microtrichia that are either black or yellow; all veins brown, except subcostal vein yellow. Haltere yellow­brown, lighter towards apex. All coxae black with silver pubescence. All femora dark brown with short appressed black setae and some longer erect white setae in ventral parts. All tibiae light brown with appressed short black setae and erect bristle­like setae. Tarsi brown, darker towards apex.</p> <p>Abdomen: Blackish brown, clothed in grey pubescence. Intersegmental membranes of segments 2–5 white. Medially, setae short, black, semi­erect; laterally and ventrally, setae white. Terminalia: Dark brown, with a finger­like extensions on each gonocoxite; each one of these two extensions with four apical macrosetae; apical part of gonocoxite (gonocoxal ring) open (Fig. 14); hypandrium free, large, with 4 or 5 pairs of long setae (Fig. 13); aedeagus with ventral apodeme long and forked, dorsal apodeme reduced and apical cap extended and wing­like (Figs 16, 17).</p> <p>Female.</p> <p>Body length: 5.2–6.4 mm; wing length: 4.5–5.3 mm.</p> <p>Similar to male (Figs 6, 8), except setae on frons and scape distinctly weaker (Fig. 9). Frons width equal in both sexes (but narrower in males vs females of X. lugubris).</p> <p>Holotype: ♂ “R.S.A.: W Cape #110 / 10km S <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.316668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.183334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.316668/lat -32.183334)">Lamberts Bay</a> / 32°11’S: 18°19’E 150m / Date: 1.ix.1995 / coll: J. &amp; A. Londt / Costal dunes” (MEI 164792, NMSA).</p> <p>Paratypes: same label information as holotype (5♂ MEI 164780 (NMSA), 164783 (CSCA), 164784 (NMSA), 164786 (NMSA), 164789 (NMSA); 4♀ MEI 163370 (NMSA), 164779 (NMSA), 164787 (NMSA), 164791 (NMSA)).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/956BD905FFE9C903FE37FDC4FED6FE21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hauser, Martin	Hauser, Martin (2012): A new species of Xestomyza Wiedemann, 1820 from South Africa, with a key to the genera of Xestomyzinae (Diptera: Therevidae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 175, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0111, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0111
956BD905FFE5C903FDEFFDA2FE33FC17.text	956BD905FFE5C903FDEFFDA2FE33FC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestomyza undefined-a	<div><p>Xestomyza sp. A</p> <p>Figs 10, 21</p> <p>One female specimen seen probably represents a new species of Xestomyza. As this specimen is in relatively poor condition and the male remains unknown, I do not describe it here, pending discovery of additional material. The small size, sparse setae and pubescence of the frons and most of the body, place it closer to X. stuckenbergi sp. n., while the flagellomere shape is more similar to X. lugubris. It differs from X. stuckenbergi sp. n. in several characters, including weakly developed dc setae, a short scape, a shiny spot on the anepisternum and anepimeron, and clear wings. As the male remains unknown, several important characters of the male terminalia cannot be determined. There is the possibility that this species may belong to the genus Braunsophila, or is intermediate between the concepts of these two genera.</p> <p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.483334/lat -31.483334)">Material</a> examined: SOUTH AFRICA: Northern Cape: 1♀ 30 km W Calvinia [31°29'S 19°29'E], 7.ix.1983, A. Freidberg (MEI 123301, TAU).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/956BD905FFE5C903FDEFFDA2FE33FC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hauser, Martin	Hauser, Martin (2012): A new species of Xestomyza Wiedemann, 1820 from South Africa, with a key to the genera of Xestomyzinae (Diptera: Therevidae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 175, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0111, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0111
956BD905FFE5C903FE4FFBB7FBB4FA30.text	956BD905FFE5C903FE4FFBB7FBB4FA30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xestomyza Wiedemann, Braunsophila Krober and Ceratosathe Lyneborg 1820	<div><p>Key to the species of Xestomyza Wiedemann</p> <p>1 Frons (Figs 3, 4, 9, 10) (and rest of body, Figs 1–4) entirely or predominantly shiny black; male body appears bi­coloured: thorax with predominantly black long erect setae and some white setae intermixed, abdomen mainly with reddish golden long erect setae; larger species ≥ 8 mm (8–11.2 mm)................... lugubris Wiedemann</p> <p>– Frons (Figs 7, 8, 12) (and all or most of body, Figs 5–8) entirely covered in grey pubescence; abdomen with short semi-appressed setae; male body appears concolourous, grey with sparse black setae; smaller species &lt;7 mm (5.2–6.4 mm)......2</p> <p>2 Scape&gt;3× as long as flagellomeres combined (Figs 12, 20); flagellomere 1 roundish, nearly as broad as long; dc setae subequal to other thoracic macrosetae; anepisternum and anepimeron entirely covered in silver pubescence (Figs 5, 6); wing dark brown with irregularly mottled pattern............................................... stuckenbergi sp. n.</p> <p>– Scape 1.8× as long as flagellomeres combined (Figs 10, 21); flagellomere 1 subovoid,&gt;2× as long as thick; dc setae shorter and finer than other thoracic macrosetae; parts of anepisternum and anepimeron shiny black; wing mostly hyaline.............. sp. A</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/956BD905FFE5C903FE4FFBB7FBB4FA30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Hauser, Martin	Hauser, Martin (2012): A new species of Xestomyza Wiedemann, 1820 from South Africa, with a key to the genera of Xestomyzinae (Diptera: Therevidae). African Invertebrates 53 (1): 175, DOI: 10.5733/afin.053.0111, URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0111
