identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9402E84EFFE8FFD8B173FDAF5BFBAB43.text	9402E84EFFE8FFD8B173FDAF5BFBAB43.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalosoma Cresson 1865	<div><p>Genus Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865</p><p>LSID (genus): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F41B7AB7- 0F40-40E6-AEC3-0B01AF718AF1</p><p>Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865:58 . Type species: Rhopalosoma poeyi Cresson, 1865, by monotypy.</p><p>Sibyllina Westwood, 1868:329 . Type species: Sibyllina aenigmatica Westwood, 1868, by monotypy. Synonomy by Westwood, 1874: 130.</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Among extant and fossil rhopalosomatids, species of Rhopalosoma are characterized by the following character combination. The wings are fully developed (brachypterous in Olixon); the occipital carina is present (absent in Liosphex); the apical section of the fore wing cubitus (Cu 2 in Fig. 4) is at least slightly sinuate (arched, but indented at the level of junction with CuA in Paniscomima, and almost straight in Eorhopalosoma); female pretarsal claws have a preapical tooth (as in Figs. 4b, 6c); female tarsomeres II–IV have apicolateral tarsal fenestrae (Fig. 6b); and the second preapical process of the male penis valve is narrow to broad, distad from the head of the penis valve, and is not overlapped at its apex by the third preapical process (Fig. 1d; broadly triangular, near head of penis valve, and overlapped in Paniscomima).</p><p>(Males and females of the family can be differentiated by the number of flagellomeres – males have 11, and females have 10, by the number of visible metasomal tergites – males have 7, and females have 6, and by the form of tarsomeres II–IV – cylindrical for males and flattened for females. For a more detailed morphological description of the genus and all extant species, including a species-level identification key, the family revision of Townes (1977), should be consulted.)</p><p>Distribution</p><p>Distribution is predominantly in the tropics and subtropics of the Americas (eastern United States to southern Brazil and northern Argentina), including some of the Caribbean countries (Bahamas, Cayman Island, Cuba, and Haiti; Townes, 1977).</p><p>Biology</p><p>As it concerns the extant fauna, Rhopalosoma nearcticum Brues, 1943, has been associated with species of trigonidiine and hapithine genera ( Insecta: Orthoptera), i.e., Anaxipha Saussure, 1874, Hapithus Uhler, 1864, and Orocharis Uhler, 1864 (Hood, 1913 – misidentified as R. poeyi Cresson, 1865; Gurney, 1953; Townes, 1977; Blaschke et al., unpublished results; see also Fig. 1a–b). For the remaining 16 extant species in the genus, however, no data have been published to date on their host–parasite relationships.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9402E84EFFE8FFD8B173FDAF5BFBAB43	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lohrmann, Volker;Ohl, Michael;Michalik, Peter;Pitts, James P.;Jeanneau, Laurent;Perrichot, Vincent	Lohrmann, Volker, Ohl, Michael, Michalik, Peter, Pitts, James P., Jeanneau, Laurent, Perrichot, Vincent (2019): Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865. Fossil Record 22 (1): 31-44, DOI: 10.5194/fr-22-31-2019, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-22-31-2019
9402E84EFFEFFFDBB173FB235958AAA1.text	9402E84EFFEFFFDBB173FB235958AAA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhopalosoma hispaniola Lohrmann & Ohl & Michalik & Pitts & Jeanneau & Perrichot 2019	<div><p>Rhopalosoma hispaniola Lohrmann sp. nov.</p><p>LSID (species): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6BEECB2C-0403-4F5C-93DF-04590CF406DA</p><p>LSID (author): urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author: 05A758C9- 462A-422C-B8D6-DD9530E2BD05</p><p>(Figs. 4, 5)</p><p>Diagnosis</p><p>Within Rhopalosoma, females of R. hispaniola are unique in showing the following character combination: hind wing Rs ∗ is straight and recurrent, and the apical 0.65 of fifth tarsomeres is tapered. Males of R. hispaniola resemble R. minus Townes, 1977, in having a straight, recurrent hind wing Rs ∗ but can be differentiated by the position of the fore wing cu-a, which is distad of M 1 by about 1.0 × its length (about 2.0 × in R. minus).</p><p>a Analyzed as methyl ester. b Sum of alcohols and methyl ethers.</p><p>Currently, the genus is represented in the Caribbean only by Rhopalosoma poeyi Cresson, 1865, and R. haitiense Townes, 1977 (Townes, 1977). However, neither of these species has a similar hind wing Rs ∗.</p><p>Material</p><p>Holotype: female, MB.I 5915, in Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic; the specimen is deposited in the amber collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. The specimen is almost completely preserved without any significant distortions. However, large parts of the legs are missing. The following syninclusions have been observed: one Collembola and one Mymaridae .</p><p>Paratype: male, MB.I 6046, in Miocene amber from the La Bucara mine in the Dominican Republic; the specimen is deposited in the amber collection of the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. The specimen is completely preserved without any significant distortions. In order to access crucial characters of the fossil the amber piece has been cut into two fragments. The following syninclusions have been observed: two Hymenoptera ( Mymaridae), four Diptera, one Isoptera, one large Isoptera wing, one unidentified Insecta, and one Araneae.</p><p>Description</p><p>Female (Fig. 4). Measurements. Total body length (head, without antenna, plus mesosoma plus metasoma) in lateral view 12.0 mm. Maximum head width in dorsal view 2.0 mm. Flagellar length (measured on left antenna with the last segment added from the right antenna) 11.4 mm (including pedicel and scapus 12.1 mm). Mesosomal length in lateral view 3.2 mm. Fore wing length 8.9 mm. Hind wing length 6.5 mm. Metasomal length in lateral view 7.8 mm.</p><p>Head. (Base of right flagellum and last flagellomere of left flagellum not preserved.) FI–FV each with a pair of apical bristles. FI shorter than FII, which is about as long as flagellomeres III–V. FVI–FX becoming sequentially shorter from base to apex. Inner margin of compound eye emarginate. Depth of eye notch about the same size as the width of torulus. FI 5.0 ×, FII 8.2 ×, and FVII 9.5 × as long as wide. TL 0.6 ×, OOD 0.25 ×, and MOD 1.0 × LOD.</p><p>Mesosoma. Scutellum about half as long as mesoscutum and approximately 3 times as long as metanotum. Mesosternal lobes present, separated from mesosternum by slight constriction.</p><p>Fore wing. With eight enclosed cells: C, R, 1Cu, 1R1, 2R1, 1Rs, 1M, and 2Cu. Costal cell very narrow, apically slightly wider, over complete distance narrower than bordering veins. Cell 1Rs about 1.05 × as long as cell 1R1. Vein 1cu-a slightly bowed, distad of M 1 by about 1.0 × its length. Distance between 1cu-a and M 1 about half the distance between 1cu-a and m-cu. Vein Rs 1 straight, about 0.8 × length of M 2. Pigmented traces of 2m-cu present. Anal cell without longitudinal spurious vein at its center (present in some Recent Asian Paniscomima). Pterostigma narrow.</p><p>Hind wing. Rs ∗ straight, recurrent, its anterior section meeting Sc + R at an angle of about 55 ◦. M diverging far beyond cu-a. With two clusters of hamuli. Basal hamuli straight. With 13 distal hamuli, all of same size and curvedand/or hook-like.</p><p>Legs. (The following parts of the legs are not preserved: tarsomeres III and following of right fore leg, tarsomere II and pretarsus of left fore leg, distal two-thirds of tarsomere I and tarsomere II of right mid leg, tarsomeres II–IV of left mid leg, distal half of tarsomere I and following of both hind legs.) Fore leg with one tibial spur. Mid leg and hind leg each with two tibial spurs, inner spur of hind tibia at base with dorsal tuft of bristles (calcar). Tarsomeres II–IV with apicolateral fenestrae. Pretarsal claws toothed medially (Fig. 4c). Arolia large.</p><p>Metasoma. Segment I about as long as mesosoma. Sting upcurved (Fig. 4a).</p><p>Pilosity. Body and wing membranes covered with regular distributed fine, short setae.</p><p>Male (Fig. 5). Measurements. Total body length (head, without antenna, plus mesosoma plus metasoma) about 7.3 mm. Maximum head width in oblique ventral view about 1.0 mm. Flagellar length (measured on left antenna in ventral view) 5.7 mm (including pedicel and scapus: 6.2 mm). Mesosomal length in lateral view is about 2.3 mm. Fore wing length about 5.6 mm. Hind wing length about 3.8 mm. Metasomal length about 4.3 mm.</p><p>Head, mesosoma, and metasoma as in female except the following. Fore wing cell 1Rs about 0.85 × as long as cell 1R1. Vein Rs1 about 1.25 × length of M 2. Distance between 1cu-a and M 1 about the same length as the distance between 1cu-a and m-cu. Hind wing Rs ∗ meeting Sc + R at an angle of about 50 ◦. With eight distal hamuli. Plantar lobe present on tarsomeres I–IV. Pretarsal claws bifid. Metasomal segment I only two-thirds the length of mesosoma. Cuspis with ∼ 12 peg-like bristles on apical section and ∼ 6 apical setae. Digitus with ∼ 33 peg-like bristles on apical section. Paramere spine-like, upcurved. Cercus paddle shaped and with apical setae.</p><p>Note</p><p>The intraspecific variation between the non-sex-specific characters (e.g., ratio of the length of fore wing veins Rs 1 and M 2, ratio of the length of fore wing cells 1Rs and 1R1) seems to be slightly higher than in the Recent species of Rhopalosoma . However, we chose a conservative approach by assigning both specimens to the same species rather than describing two species based on only a single specimen of each sex.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The specific epithet refers to the island of Hispaniola in the Caribbean where the fossils were found. It is a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9402E84EFFEFFFDBB173FB235958AAA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Lohrmann, Volker;Ohl, Michael;Michalik, Peter;Pitts, James P.;Jeanneau, Laurent;Perrichot, Vincent	Lohrmann, Volker, Ohl, Michael, Michalik, Peter, Pitts, James P., Jeanneau, Laurent, Perrichot, Vincent (2019): Notes on rhopalosomatid wasps of Dominican and Mexican amber (Hymenoptera: Rhopalosomatidae) with a description of the first fossil species of Rhopalosoma Cresson, 1865. Fossil Record 22 (1): 31-44, DOI: 10.5194/fr-22-31-2019, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-22-31-2019
