taxonID	type	description	language	source
9B1A7709FFE7FFC214DE5DD7F64AFEF6.taxon	description	This part of study was conducted in field conditions. Firstly, 2 different parks were determined to initiate the releases. Totally, four H. rosa-sinensis trees (naturally infested with P. solenopsis) were selected for each location in Adana and Mersin provinces. Firstly, initial parasitization of mealybugs in trees was checked, and parasitism rate were recorded just before the release of parasitoids. A total of 100 A. arizonensis parasitoid adults (50 females, 50 male) were released for each H. rosa-sinensis tree on 07.08. 2018 in Adana and Mersin. Parasitized and unparasitized mealybugs were counted weekly from each tree to calculate parasitism rate in Adana and Mersin provinces. One-way ANOVA and Duncan multiple comparison tests were applied to determine the statistical differences of parasitism rate.	en	Kahya, Doğancan, B, Asime Filiz Çalişkan Keçe, B, Mehmet Rifat Ulusoy (2021): Determining some biological parameters of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on cotton mealybug and the rate of parasitism in field conditions. Turkish Journal of Zoology 45: 416-424, DOI: 10.3906/zoo-2102-2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2102-2
9B1A7709FFE1FFC2167B59F6F30CFD69.taxon	description	The total development period of immature stages, pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods, female-male longevity, daily and total fecundity of A. arizonensis were determined during this study. Mean hatching period of this parasitoid was 17 ± 0.2 days (Min: 16; Max: 18 days). Adult female and male A. arizonensis longevity was detected as 31 ± 1.0 days (Min: 27; Max: 35 days), 18 ± 0.4 days (Min: 16; Max: 19 days), respectively (Table 1 and Figure 3). Pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of A. arizonensis were calculated as 1.5 ± 0.26 days, 26 ± 1.6, and 3.1 ± 0.3 days, respectively. In addition, the mean total and daily fecundity of A. arizonensis was determined as 83 ± 7.7 parasitized mealybug adults / female (Max: 115), and 4.1 ± 0.1 parasitized mealybug adults / female / day within this study (Table 2). Aga et al. (2016) have studied some biological parameters of A. arizonensis and found 26.2 ± 1.72 and 16.3 ± 1.41 days for female and male longevity. In addition, pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods of A. arizonensis were detected as <1, 23.1 ± 1.66, and 3.1 ± 0.55 days, respectively. Aga and co-workers further reported, total and daily fecundity of 100.5 ± 11.57 parasitized mealybug adults / female, and 4.24 ± 0.20 parasitized mealybug adults / female / day, respectively. Arif et al. (2012) determined biological characteristics of A. bambawlaei (junior synonym of A. arizonensis) at 28 ° C ± 1, 70 ± 5 % (R. H.) and 18 / 6 (L / D), and, according to their study, hatching process of this parasitoid completed within 12 – 17 days, and longevity of the female parasitoids ranged from 15 to 32 days. Likewise, Ram and Saini (2011) found oviposition and post-oviposition period of A. bambawalei to be 24.33 and 3.33 days. Joodaki et al (2020) found 15.92 days for total pre-adult period and 33.35 days for oviposition at 25 ° C, and latter decreased with increase temperatures from 25 to 35 ° C.	en	Kahya, Doğancan, B, Asime Filiz Çalişkan Keçe, B, Mehmet Rifat Ulusoy (2021): Determining some biological parameters of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on cotton mealybug and the rate of parasitism in field conditions. Turkish Journal of Zoology 45: 416-424, DOI: 10.3906/zoo-2102-2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2102-2
9B1A7709FFE1FFC114DE5ACCF7BAFD2D.taxon	description	According to results of life table parameters of A. arizonensis, the intrinsic rate of increase (r), net reproduction rate (R 0), finite rate of increase (λ), gross reproductive rate (GRR), and mean generation time (T) were found 0.135 day – 1, 41.25 offspring / female, 1.144 day – 1, 60.90 offspring / female, and 27.57 days, respectively (Table 3). Figure 4 showed that mortality started for male individuals 17 days after hatching period. The survival rate of female individuals decreased 31 days after hatching. In addition, age-specific fecundity (m x) started to increase for a female 3 days after hatching and started to decrease on the 27 th day. Net reproduction The intrinsic rate of rate (R) increase (r) (day – 1) 0 (offspring / female) Aenasius arizonensis 0.135 ± 0.010 41.25 ± 9.89 Gross reproductive Finite rate of Mean generation rate (GRR) increase (λ) (day – 1) time (T) (day) (offspring / female) 1.144 ± 0.011 60.90 ± 8.017 27.57 ± 0.476 Vijaya and Ram (2016) studied the biology of A. arizonensis at different temperatures and recorded net reproductive rate (R 0), the intrinsic rate of increase (r m), finite rate of increase (λ), and net generation time (T) was 33.93, 0.083, 1.086, and 42.27, respectively, at 25 ° C. Joodaki et al (2020) found r, R 0, λ, and T values as 0.1192 day – 1, 38.04 offspring / female, 1.126 day – 1, and 30.52 days, respectively at 25 ° C with age-stage two-sex life table during their study. Two-sex (male and female) life table theory included both sex populations, stage differentiation and variable developmental rates in the theory put forth by Chi (1988). As can be seen in present and previous studies about life table parameters, especially r (the intrinsic rate of increase) value, which affects fertility and mortality, was found higher in two-sex life table analysis. In addition, R 0 (net reproductive rate) was found higher in two-sex life table at 25 ° C.	en	Kahya, Doğancan, B, Asime Filiz Çalişkan Keçe, B, Mehmet Rifat Ulusoy (2021): Determining some biological parameters of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on cotton mealybug and the rate of parasitism in field conditions. Turkish Journal of Zoology 45: 416-424, DOI: 10.3906/zoo-2102-2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2102-2
9B1A7709FFE2FFC0167B5A89F24BF92A.taxon	description	The cotton mealybug, P. solenopsis cause severe damages on H. rosa-sinensis in parks and recreational areas in Adana and Mersin provinces. Owing to heavy infestation of P. solenopsis, parasitoid’s population increased in the study area. The parasitism rate was determined in selected parks in Adana and Mersin in 2018 during this study. Firstly, parasitized and unparasitized mealybugs were counted before the release of A. arizonensis. The parasitized mealybug mummies were recorded and parasitism rate was calculated after the scheduled releases as well. The results of this study showed that parasitism rate at first (Kıyıboyu) and second (Balcalı) location started with 2 % and 8 %, and increased to 80 % and 78 % for two locations, respectively in Adana (Figure 5 and Figure 6). In addition, the parasitism rate for two different locations (Tomuk and Merkez) in Mersin increased from 7 % and 5 % to 82 % and 88 %, respectively (Figure 7 and 8). Generally, Figure 5, 6, 7, and 8 showed that higher temperatures increased the effectiveness and parasitism rate of this parasitoid. Early releases of A. arizonensis (August, 2018) showed higher parasitism rate (above 75 %), both in Adana and Mersin provinces. Differences between weekly parasitism rate were found statistically significant in Adana and Mersin in this study (Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8) (p <0.05). There is no specific study about parasitism situation of A. arizonensis on H. rosa-sinensis in field conditions. However, A. bambawalei, the junior synonym of A. arizonensis, has been studied by some researchers in field conditions. Ram et al. (2009) studied the parasitism situation of A. bambawalei on cotton between 2008 and 2009 and found that parasitism rate of this parasitoid started to increase in August and continue until September (between 54.5 % – 76.6 %) during the cotton growing season. Kumar et al. (2009) have studied natural parasitization of A. bambawalei against P. solenopsis, according to results of their study, parasitism rate of A. bambawalei changed between 46 % – 64 % on cotton. Nahiyoon et al. (2016) also studied parasitism situation of A. bambawalei against P. solenopsis on 5 different plants between 2010 and 2011, and parasitism rate was between 79 % – 82 % on cotton, 0 0 (07.08.2018) 18.08.2018 31.08.2018 5.09.2018 12.09.2018 Kıyıboyu / Adana Weekly mean parasitism rate (%) Daily mean Temperature (° C) Daily Mean R. H. (%) Figure 5. Parasitism rate of Aenasius arizonensis with Daily mean temperature and mean R. H. in 2018 for Kıyıboyu / Adana. 0 0 (07.08.2018) 18.08.2018 31.08.2018 5.09.2018 12.09.2018 Balcalı / Adana Weekly mean parasitism rate (%) Daily mean Temperature (° C) Daily Mean R. H. (%) 0 0 (07.08.2018) 18.08.2018 31.08.2018 5.09.2018 12.09.2018 Tömük / Mersin 76 % on tomato, and 74 % – 81 % on China rose. Moreover, Solangi and Mahmood (2011) studied the parasitism rate of A. bambawalei in pesticide-free farms and found 79 % – 93 % parasitism against P. solenopsis on cotton. Shete and Ram (2018) studied different host plants to determine parasitism rate of A. arizonensis and found 60 % parasitism rate on H. rosa - sinenis in screen-house. Highest parasitism rate was observed as 65 % on Abutilon indicum (Link) Sweet during their study. Li et al. (2020) used different host plant as food for P. solenopsis and released A. bamabawalei to determine effects of host plant on parasitism rate. The higher parasitism rate (55.6 %) was obtained when P. solenopsis fed with H. rosa-sinensis. These studies showed that H. rosa-sinensis is one of the most important host plants of P. solenopsis and higher parasitism rate conceivably be obtained for A. arizonensis in suitable conditions.	en	Kahya, Doğancan, B, Asime Filiz Çalişkan Keçe, B, Mehmet Rifat Ulusoy (2021): Determining some biological parameters of Aenasius arizonensis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on cotton mealybug and the rate of parasitism in field conditions. Turkish Journal of Zoology 45: 416-424, DOI: 10.3906/zoo-2102-2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/zoo-2102-2
