identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9A6C87FAFFEBAF00CB857DCDFA1CF9BE.text	9A6C87FAFFEBAF00CB857DCDFA1CF9BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoneura bistriata (Kertesz 1915) Palpus	<div><p>3 Taxonomy bistriata -group</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species group is different from other species groups by following: Body is yellow; palpus is yellow except for black tip; mesonotum generally has two brown median stripes (rarely absent). Wing has seven brown spots: apex of R 1, R 4+5 and M 1, preapical spot of R 2+3, r-m and dm-cu, and a brown medial spot present between crossvein r-m and apical spot on R 4+5, brown preapical or apical spot on R 2+3 confluent or isolated with medial spot on R 4+5. Male genitalia are different by: surstylus originated from ventroapical corner of epandrium; hypandrium H-shaped, hypandrial apodeme distinct; gonites shorter than phallus.</p> <p>This group is similar to singularis -group, but the latter has two brown spots between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5. It is also similar to the striatifrons -group, but the latter has larger brown spots and a small brown spot is present on the crossed base of R 2+3 and R 4+5. It is very similar to tibetensis -group, but the latter has brown apical spot on R 2+3 very close to tip.</p> <p>Key to the eight species of bistriata -group (modified from Shi &amp; Yang, 2014).</p> <p>1. Wing with brown apical spot at tip of Sc and R 1 and brown cloud spot on r-m entirely or slightly confluent.....................................2 Wing with brown apical spot at tip of Sc and R 1 and brown cloud spot on r-m separated distinctly....................................................6</p> <p>2. Wing with a brown wide transverse band extending from tip of subcostal cell and preapical section or tip of R 2+3, confluent with brown cloud on r-m and medial spot between r-m and apical spot on R 4+5..........................................................................................3 Wing without brown wide transverse band as above...........................................................................................................................4</p> <p>3. Wing with brown integrated transverse band (see Yang et al., 2002: fig. 9); antenna long plumose; mesonotum with two dark brown stripes; abdominal tergites 3–6 each with blackish medial spots.............................................. H. (H.) hainanensis Yang, Hu &amp; Zhu Wing with two small hyaline spots inserting in brown wide transverse band (see Yang et al., 2001: fig. 14); antenna pubescent; mesonotum without brown stripes; abdominal tergites 4–6 each with narrow blackish medial stripes......................................................................................................................................................................................................... H. (H.) extensa Yang, Hu &amp; Zhu</p> <p>4. Mesonotum without brown stripes; surstylus situated at tip of epandrium, long, curved and truncate apically (see Sasakawa &amp; Ikeuchi, 1985: fig. 4)................................................................................................................................................ H. (H.) mayrhoferi Czerny Mesonotum with two narrow brown stripes; surstylus situated at anterior ventral corner or at middle of epandrium, short claviform.............................................................................................................................................................................................................5</p> <p>5. Palpus yellow, except for brown on apical 1/3–1/2; abdominal tergites 4–6 each with a brown medial spot; surstylus slightly curved, tips of two hypandrial apodemes close to each other (see Sasakawa &amp; Ikeuchi, 1982: fig. 5).................... H. (H.) bistriata (Kertész) Palpus yellow, except for black apically; abdominal tergites 5–6 each with a small black medial spot; surstylus curved downward apically, tips of two hypandrial apodemes parallel (see Yang et al., 2002: figs 2–3)............. H. (H.) conjunctiva Shi, Wang &amp; Yang</p> <p>6. Mesonotum with four brown stripes.................................................................................................................................................... 7 Mesonotum with two brown stripes; face without black spots or stripes; abdominal tergites 1–6 each with a small black spot; epandrium not contorted in lateral view; surstylus wide sheet-like (see Yang et al., 2002: figs 4–6).......................................................................................................................................................................................................... H. (H.) separata Yang, Hu &amp; Zhu</p> <p>7. Face with a pair of grayish black spots on upper half and basal sections of two spots confluent, and a pair of brown thin lateral stripes; abdominal tergites 3–6 each with brown stripe-like spots and a pair of transverse stripe-like lateral spots on posterior margin; male genitalia: surstylus as a short claviform process in lateral view (see Shi &amp; Yang, 2014: fig. 200).................................................................................................................................................................................................................. H. (H.) quadristriata Shi &amp; Yang Face without black spots or stripes (Fig. 2); abdomen entirely yellow; male genitalia: surstylus as a long claviform process in lateral view (Fig. 7)......................................................................................................................... H. (H.) gaotangensis Gao &amp; Shi sp. nov.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A6C87FAFFEBAF00CB857DCDFA1CF9BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Mengjing;Gao, Xuefeng;Shi, Li	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
9A6C87FAFFEBAF05CB857BB7FC09FD44.text	9A6C87FAFFEBAF05CB857BB7FC09FD44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoneura (Homoneura) gaotangensis Gao & Shi 2019	<div><p>Homoneura (Homoneura) gaotangensis Gao &amp; Shi sp. nov. (Figs 1−11)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Hua County, Gaotangzhen, 859 m, 8.VII.2013, Lei Zhang. Paratype. ♂ (IMAU), same data as holotype.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is similar to H. (H.) separata Yang, Hu &amp; Zhu, 2002, but the latter has the following features: wing without brown transverse stripe on base of M 1, lower margin of dm-cu without brown extended spot, and surstylus short and broad at apex.</p> <p>Description. Male. Body length 3.6−3.7 mm, wing length 3.6−3.7 mm.</p> <p>Head (Figs 2−3) yellow. Frons about 1.5 times longer than wide. Inner vertical seta, anterior fronto-orbital seta and posterior fronto-orbital seta missing. Parafacial yellow with a row of short setulae on apical half of inner margin. Gena about 1/9 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1st flagellomere 2.0 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, plumose, with longest ray as long as height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow. Palpus yellow with brown apex.</p> <p>Thorax (Figs 1, 4) yellow. Mesonotum with a pair of brown middle stripes and a pair of brown lateral stripes, brown middle stripes extending beyond the second dorsal seta and then becoming a pale brown rectangular spot; 0+3 dorsocentral setae (1st postsutural dorsocentral seta behind transverse suture), acrostichal setae in 6 rows. Scutellum with brown median broad stripe. Legs mostly yellow, all tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Fore femur with 3 posterior dorsal setae, 2 posterior ventral setae and ctenidium with 9 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 6 anterior setae and 1 short apical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 strong apicoventral seta. Hind femur with 1 preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 anterior ventral seta; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 6) hyaline with several brown spots: one round spot present between r-m and subapical spot on R 4+5 slightly fused with subapical spot on R 2+3, both subapical spots on R 2+3 and R 4+5 extending upward to wing margin; preapical spot on M 1 separated from subapical spot on R 4+5; crossvein r-m and dmcu surrounded by a cloudy spot; a transverse stripe on base of M 1 and brown base of CuA 1; subcostal cell pale brown; costa with 2nd (between R 1 and R 2+3), 3rd (between R 2+3 and R 4+5) and 4th (between R 4+5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 3.9:1.9:1; crossvein r-m at middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1:1.9; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1/11. Halter pale yellow.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figs 1, 5) yellow. Male genitalia (Figs 7−11): syntergosternite 7+8 semicircular with long arms; epandrium broad, surstylus originated from anterior ventral corner, longer in lateral view and sharp at apex in posterior view; hypandrium narrow and stripe-like, hypandrial apodeme small; postgonite slender and sharp at apex; phallus broad columniform in lateral view; phallapodeme shorter than phallus.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Shaanxi).</p> <p>Etymology. The new species is named after collecting locality Gaotang.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A6C87FAFFEBAF05CB857BB7FC09FD44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Mengjing;Gao, Xuefeng;Shi, Li	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
9A6C87FAFFEEAF05CB857FFCFA1CF871.text	9A6C87FAFFEEAF05CB857FFCFA1CF871.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoneura laticosta (Thomson 1869)	<div><p>laticosta -group</p> <p>Diagnosis. The species group is different from other species groups by following: wing with narrow brown or broad deep brown area which extends from costal margin to R 4+5 or M 1 or CuA 1, and a brown stripe-like spot is present on crossvein r-m and/or dm-cu or absent. Male genitalia are different by: surstylus with 1–3 processes; hypandrium H or U-shaped or narrow transverse bar-like.</p> <p>Key to the nine species in laticosta -group (modified from Shen et al., 2018).</p> <p>1. Wing sapromyziform, with small costal black spines extending slightly before apex of R 4+5; male genitalia: surstylus long and hooked with a sharp apex (see Shewell, 1971: plate II, fig. 9)..................................................................................... H. (H.) kaszabi Shewell Wing homoneuriform, with small costal black spines extending to apex of R 4+5; male genitalia not as above.................................... 2</p> <p>2. Wing with broad deep brown area extending from costal margin to M 1 and a dark stripe on CuA 1 (see Kertész, 1915: fig. 9); mesonotum with a broad grayish brown medial stripe and a pair of postsutural lateral spots and short lateral stripes.......................................................................................................................................................................................... H. (H.) discoidalis (Kertész) Wing with brown area extending from costal margin to tip of R 4+5 or M 1, but no dark stripes on CuA 1; mesonotum without pattern as above.................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3</p> <p>3. Mesonotum with a blackish gray area between postpronotum on anterior margin, a pair of blackish gray postsutural lateral stripes extending to postsutural third dorsocentral seta; acrostichal setae in 4 rows; katepisternum blackish gray on lower part......................................................................................................................................................................................... H. (H.) czernyi Shatalkin Mesonotum yellow or yellowish brown, without pattern as above; acrostichal setae in 6–8 rows; katepisternum yellow..................4</p> <p>4. Mesonotum with a pair of brown medial stripes between dorsocentral setae rows; abdominal tergites 1–4 blackish brown except for yellow lateral margin and tergites 5–6 blackish brown; surstylus bifurcated apically in lateral view (see Sasakawa, 2002: fig. 14).................................................................................................................................................................. H. (H.) yehliuensis Sasakawa Mesonotum without brown stripes; abdomen yellow; surstylus not as above...................................................................................... 5</p> <p>5. Arista pubescent, with longest ray about 1/4 height of 1st flagellomere; surstylus hooked apically in lateral and posterior views (see Shi &amp; Yang, 2014: figs 123−125).................................................................................................................. H. (H.) grahami Malloch Arista plumose, with longest ray longer than 1/3 height of 1st flagellomere; surstylus not as above..................................................6</p> <p>6. Wing with brown spots on crossvein r-m and dm-cu........................................................................................................................... 7 Wing without brown spots on crossvein r-m and dm-cu or only brown spot on dm-cu....................................................................... 8</p> <p>7. Antennal 1st flagellomere yellowish brown on apical half; abdominal tergites 3–4 or 3–6 with a small brown medial spot; surstylus consisting of an anterior ventral process and a short apical process in lateral view (see Yang et al, 2002: figs 17–18).................................................................................................................................................................................. H. (H.) obtusa Yang, Hu &amp; Zhu Antennal 1st flagellomere entirely yellow; abdominal tergites without brown spots; surstylus with two sharp processes in lateral view (Fig. 17)............................................................................................................................. H. (H.) xunyangensis Gao &amp; Shi sp. nov.</p> <p>8. Wing only with brown spot on dm-cu; surstylus short, slightly curved and acute apically in lateral view (see Shi &amp; Yang, 2014: fig. 147).......................................................................................................................................................... H. (H.) laticosta (Thomson) Wing without brown spot on crossvein r-m and dm-cu; surstylus long and curled upward in lateral view (see Gao &amp; Yang, 2002: figs 7−8)............................................................................................................................................................ H. (H.) longa Gao &amp; Yang</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A6C87FAFFEEAF05CB857FFCFA1CF871	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Mengjing;Gao, Xuefeng;Shi, Li	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
9A6C87FAFFEEAF06CB857AE2FC5EFC5A.text	9A6C87FAFFEEAF06CB857AE2FC5EFC5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoneura (Homoneura) xunyangensis Gao & Shi 2019	<div><p>Homoneura (Homoneura) xunyangensis Gao &amp; Shi sp. nov. (Figs 12−21)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Xunyang County, Zhima Village, 695 m, 2.VIII.2014, anonym.</p> <p>Diagnosis The new species is similar to H. (H.) laticosta (Thomson, 1869), but the latter has the following features: crossvein r-m without brown spots, surstylus without furcated apex in posterior view. This species is also similar to H. (H.) lagena Sasakawa &amp; Ikeuchi, 1983, but the latter has the following features: palpus blackish brown and male sternite 6 with 12−13 black spines on posterior margin.</p> <p>Description. Male. Body length 5.2 mm, wing length 4.4 mm.</p> <p>Head (Figs 13−14) yellow. Frons with brown anterior margin; anterior fronto-orbital setae, posterior fronto-orbital setae and ocellar setae missing. Parafacial yellow with a row of short setulae along apical half of inner margin. Gena about 1/7 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1st flagellomere 2 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, short plumose, with longest ray as long as 1/2 height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis and palpus yellow.</p> <p>Thorax (Figs 12, 15) yellow. Postpronotum pale yellow. Mesonotum with 0+3 dorsocentral setae (1st postsutural dorsocentral seta far away from transverse suture), acrostichal setae in irregular 6 rows. Anepisternum and katepisternum brown. Legs mostly yellow, all tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Fore femur with 5 posterior dorsal setae, 3 posterior ventral setae and ctenidium with 11 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 7 anterior setae and 1 short apical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterior dorsal seta and 2 strong apicoventral setae. Hind femur with 1 preapical anterior dorsal seta and 4 anteroverntral setae; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 16) yellow, with brown area extending from costal margin to tip of R 4+5; two brown cloudy spots on r-m and dm-cu, respectively; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd (between R 1 and R 2+3), 3rd (between R 2+3 and R 4+5) and 4th (between R 4+5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 4.8:1.4:1; crossvein r-m at middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1:1.5; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1/7. Halter pale yellow.</p> <p>Abdomen yellow (Fig. 12). Male genitalia (Figs 17−21): syntergosternite 7+8 semicircular; epandrium broad in lateral view, with a claviform process on anteroventral corner; surstylus with two sharp processes in lateral view and blackish brown connection area with epandrium; hypandrium H–shaped; pregonite with two sharp processes, postgonite triangular with sharp apex; phallus with double concavities in ventral view and sharp at apex in lateral view; phallic apodeme Y-shaped.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Shaanxi).</p> <p>Etymology. The new species is named after the collecting locality Xunyang.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A6C87FAFFEEAF06CB857AE2FC5EFC5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Mengjing;Gao, Xuefeng;Shi, Li	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
9A6C87FAFFE2AF0ACB857912FAC7FEC7.text	9A6C87FAFFE2AF0ACB857912FAC7FEC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Homoneura (Homoneura) dorsocuspidata Gao & Shi 2019	<div><p>Homoneura (Homoneura) dorsocuspidata Gao &amp; Shi sp. nov. (Figs 22–33)</p> <p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Foping, Yueba, Heilongtan, 27.VIII.2014, Xiumei Lu. Paratypes. 1♂ 1♀ (IMAU), same data as holotype; 1♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Foping, Daguping, 1366 m, 27.VIII.2014, Xiumei Lu.</p> <p>Diagnosis. The new species is similar to H. (H.) longicornis Sasakawa, 2002 from China (Taiwan), but the latter has sparse white pruinosity on frons and dense white pruinosity on face and occiput; surstylus is curved and pointed dorsally, pregonite has short setulae at apex, and phallus rounded and widen apically in lateral view (Sasakawa, 2002: fig. 13). It is also similar to H. (H.) fengyangshanica Shi &amp; Yang, 2014 from China (Zhejiang), but the latter has the following features: the ctenidium on fore femur has 14 short setae; the antenna is yellow except for 1st flagellomere black on dorsal half; the surstylus concaves backward and is blunt at apex in lateral view; the phallus has a pair of furcated lateral processes at middle in ventral view (Shi &amp; Yang, 2014: figs 112, 115).</p> <p>Description. Male. Body length 4.5–4.6mm, wing length 4.0– 4.1 mm. Female. Body length 4.5 mm, wing length 4.6 mm.</p> <p>Head (Figs 23–24) yellow. Frons with a pair of brown stripes extending to ocellar triangle, ocellar triangle brown. Ocellar setae longer than fronto-orbital setae. Parafacial yellow with black inner margin and a row of short setulae in same length at apical half. Gena about 1/6 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1st flagellomere 1.5 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, pubescent, with longest ray shorter than 2/5 height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis and palpus yellow.</p> <p>Thorax (Figs 22, 25) brown. Postpronotum yellow. Mesonotum with 0+3 dorsocentral setae (1st postsutural dorsocentral seta very close to transverse suture), acrostichal setae in 6 rows, a pair of prescutellar setae longer than anteriormost dorsocentral setae. Legs yellow except for all tarsomeres 3–5 brown. Fore femur with 4 posterior ventral setae and 4 posterior dorsal setae, ctenidium with 16–17 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 6 anterior setae and 1 short apical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterior dorsal seta and 2 strong apicoventral setae. Hind femur with 1 short preapical anterior dorsal seta; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 28) hyaline, with brown spots as follows: an elliptical spot on apex of R 2+3; a small irregular apical spot extending to anterior margin of wing and two small square medial spots on R 4+5, one of median spots fused with apical spot on R 2+3; a subapical spot on M 1; clouds on crossvein r-m and dm-cu; basal section of R 4+5 brown; a spot at apex of subcostal cell and R 1. Costa with 2nd (between R 1 and R 2+3), 3rd (between R 2+3 and R 4+5) and 4th (between R 4+5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 5:2.3:1; crossvein r-m before discal cell;</p> <p>ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1:1.6; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1/8. Halter white.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figs 22, 26, 27) yellow or dark yellow, tergites 2–6 each with a brown medial stripe and a pair of brown triangular lateral spots. Male genitalia (Figs 29−33): syntergosternite 7+8 semicircular; epandrium with four pairs of long dorsal setae in lateral view; surstylus long triangular with sparse short setulae and sharp at apex, fused with epandrium; hypandrium nearly H-shaped, hypandrial apodeme short; pregonite coniform and slightly bended in ventral view; phallus with dorsoapical concavity and sharp at apex in lateral view, phallic apodeme shorter than phallus.</p> <p>Distribution. China (Shaanxi).</p> <p>Etymology. The new species is named from the Latin, “ dorso- ”, prefix meaning dorsal, and “ cuspidatus ”, meaning sharp, referring to the phallus being sharp at apex; a feminine adjective.</p> <p>Funding The research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660622). Acknowledgements The authors give sincere thanks to the collectors, to the reviewers for reviewing the manuscript and giving good advice, to the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for supporting me to check type specimens in the U.S.A.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A6C87FAFFE2AF0ACB857912FAC7FEC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Mengjing;Gao, Xuefeng;Shi, Li	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
