taxonID	type	description	language	source
9A6C87FAFFEBAF00CB857DCDFA1CF9BE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The species group is different from other species groups by following: Body is yellow; palpus is yellow except for black tip; mesonotum generally has two brown median stripes (rarely absent). Wing has seven brown spots: apex of R 1, R 4 + 5 and M 1, preapical spot of R 2 + 3, r-m and dm-cu, and a brown medial spot present between crossvein r-m and apical spot on R 4 + 5, brown preapical or apical spot on R 2 + 3 confluent or isolated with medial spot on R 4 + 5. Male genitalia are different by: surstylus originated from ventroapical corner of epandrium; hypandrium H-shaped, hypandrial apodeme distinct; gonites shorter than phallus. This group is similar to singularis - group, but the latter has two brown spots between r-m and apical spot on R 4 + 5. It is also similar to the striatifrons - group, but the latter has larger brown spots and a small brown spot is present on the crossed base of R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. It is very similar to tibetensis - group, but the latter has brown apical spot on R 2 + 3 very close to tip.	en	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
9A6C87FAFFEBAF05CB857BB7FC09FD44.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Hua County, Gaotangzhen, 859 m, 8. VII. 2013, Lei Zhang. Paratype. ♂ (IMAU), same data as holotype. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to H. (H.) separata Yang, Hu & Zhu, 2002, but the latter has the following features: wing without brown transverse stripe on base of M 1, lower margin of dm-cu without brown extended spot, and surstylus short and broad at apex. Description. Male. Body length 3.6 − 3.7 mm, wing length 3.6 − 3.7 mm. Head (Figs 2 − 3) yellow. Frons about 1.5 times longer than wide. Inner vertical seta, anterior fronto-orbital seta and posterior fronto-orbital seta missing. Parafacial yellow with a row of short setulae on apical half of inner margin. Gena about 1 / 9 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1 st flagellomere 2.0 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, plumose, with longest ray as long as height of 1 st flagellomere. Proboscis yellow. Palpus yellow with brown apex. Thorax (Figs 1, 4) yellow. Mesonotum with a pair of brown middle stripes and a pair of brown lateral stripes, brown middle stripes extending beyond the second dorsal seta and then becoming a pale brown rectangular spot; 0 + 3 dorsocentral setae (1 st postsutural dorsocentral seta behind transverse suture), acrostichal setae in 6 rows. Scutellum with brown median broad stripe. Legs mostly yellow, all tarsomeres 3 – 5 brown. Fore femur with 3 posterior dorsal setae, 2 posterior ventral setae and ctenidium with 9 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 6 anterior setae and 1 short apical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 strong apicoventral seta. Hind femur with 1 preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 anterior ventral seta; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 6) hyaline with several brown spots: one round spot present between r-m and subapical spot on R 4 + 5 slightly fused with subapical spot on R 2 + 3, both subapical spots on R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5 extending upward to wing margin; preapical spot on M 1 separated from subapical spot on R 4 + 5; crossvein r-m and dmcu surrounded by a cloudy spot; a transverse stripe on base of M 1 and brown base of CuA 1; subcostal cell pale brown; costa with 2 nd (between R 1 and R 2 + 3), 3 rd (between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5) and 4 th (between R 4 + 5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 3.9: 1.9: 1; crossvein r-m at middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1: 1.9; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1 / 11. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen (Figs 1, 5) yellow. Male genitalia (Figs 7 − 11): syntergosternite 7 + 8 semicircular with long arms; epandrium broad, surstylus originated from anterior ventral corner, longer in lateral view and sharp at apex in posterior view; hypandrium narrow and stripe-like, hypandrial apodeme small; postgonite slender and sharp at apex; phallus broad columniform in lateral view; phallapodeme shorter than phallus. Female. Unknown. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Etymology. The new species is named after collecting locality Gaotang.	en	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
9A6C87FAFFEEAF05CB857FFCFA1CF871.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The species group is different from other species groups by following: wing with narrow brown or broad deep brown area which extends from costal margin to R 4 + 5 or M 1 or CuA 1, and a brown stripe-like spot is present on crossvein r-m and / or dm-cu or absent. Male genitalia are different by: surstylus with 1 – 3 processes; hypandrium H or U-shaped or narrow transverse bar-like.	en	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
9A6C87FAFFEEAF06CB857AE2FC5EFC5A.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Xunyang County, Zhima Village, 695 m, 2. VIII. 2014, anonym. Diagnosis The new species is similar to H. (H.) laticosta (Thomson, 1869), but the latter has the following features: crossvein r-m without brown spots, surstylus without furcated apex in posterior view. This species is also similar to H. (H.) lagena Sasakawa & Ikeuchi, 1983, but the latter has the following features: palpus blackish brown and male sternite 6 with 12 − 13 black spines on posterior margin. Description. Male. Body length 5.2 mm, wing length 4.4 mm. Head (Figs 13 − 14) yellow. Frons with brown anterior margin; anterior fronto-orbital setae, posterior fronto-orbital setae and ocellar setae missing. Parafacial yellow with a row of short setulae along apical half of inner margin. Gena about 1 / 7 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1 st flagellomere 2 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, short plumose, with longest ray as long as 1 / 2 height of 1 st flagellomere. Proboscis and palpus yellow. Thorax (Figs 12, 15) yellow. Postpronotum pale yellow. Mesonotum with 0 + 3 dorsocentral setae (1 st postsutural dorsocentral seta far away from transverse suture), acrostichal setae in irregular 6 rows. Anepisternum and katepisternum brown. Legs mostly yellow, all tarsomeres 3 – 5 brown. Fore femur with 5 posterior dorsal setae, 3 posterior ventral setae and ctenidium with 11 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 7 anterior setae and 1 short apical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterior dorsal seta and 2 strong apicoventral setae. Hind femur with 1 preapical anterior dorsal seta and 4 anteroverntral setae; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 16) yellow, with brown area extending from costal margin to tip of R 4 + 5; two brown cloudy spots on r-m and dm-cu, respectively; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2 nd (between R 1 and R 2 + 3), 3 rd (between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5) and 4 th (between R 4 + 5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 4.8: 1.4: 1; crossvein r-m at middle of discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1: 1.5; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1 / 7. Halter pale yellow. Abdomen yellow (Fig. 12). Male genitalia (Figs 17 − 21): syntergosternite 7 + 8 semicircular; epandrium broad in lateral view, with a claviform process on anteroventral corner; surstylus with two sharp processes in lateral view and blackish brown connection area with epandrium; hypandrium H – shaped; pregonite with two sharp processes, postgonite triangular with sharp apex; phallus with double concavities in ventral view and sharp at apex in lateral view; phallic apodeme Y-shaped. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Etymology. The new species is named after the collecting locality Xunyang.	en	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
9A6C87FAFFE2AF0ACB857912FAC7FEC7.taxon	materials_examined	Type material. Holotype ♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Foping, Yueba, Heilongtan, 27. VIII. 2014, Xiumei Lu. Paratypes. 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (IMAU), same data as holotype; 1 ♂ (IMAU), CHINA, Shaanxi, Foping, Daguping, 1366 m, 27. VIII. 2014, Xiumei Lu. Diagnosis. The new species is similar to H. (H.) longicornis Sasakawa, 2002 from China (Taiwan), but the latter has sparse white pruinosity on frons and dense white pruinosity on face and occiput; surstylus is curved and pointed dorsally, pregonite has short setulae at apex, and phallus rounded and widen apically in lateral view (Sasakawa, 2002: fig. 13). It is also similar to H. (H.) fengyangshanica Shi & Yang, 2014 from China (Zhejiang), but the latter has the following features: the ctenidium on fore femur has 14 short setae; the antenna is yellow except for 1 st flagellomere black on dorsal half; the surstylus concaves backward and is blunt at apex in lateral view; the phallus has a pair of furcated lateral processes at middle in ventral view (Shi & Yang, 2014: figs 112, 115). Description. Male. Body length 4.5 – 4.6 mm, wing length 4.0 – 4.1 mm. Female. Body length 4.5 mm, wing length 4.6 mm. Head (Figs 23 – 24) yellow. Frons with a pair of brown stripes extending to ocellar triangle, ocellar triangle brown. Ocellar setae longer than fronto-orbital setae. Parafacial yellow with black inner margin and a row of short setulae in same length at apical half. Gena about 1 / 6 height of eye. Antenna yellow, 1 st flagellomere 1.5 times longer than high; arista blackish brown, pubescent, with longest ray shorter than 2 / 5 height of 1 st flagellomere. Proboscis and palpus yellow. Thorax (Figs 22, 25) brown. Postpronotum yellow. Mesonotum with 0 + 3 dorsocentral setae (1 st postsutural dorsocentral seta very close to transverse suture), acrostichal setae in 6 rows, a pair of prescutellar setae longer than anteriormost dorsocentral setae. Legs yellow except for all tarsomeres 3 – 5 brown. Fore femur with 4 posterior ventral setae and 4 posterior dorsal setae, ctenidium with 16 – 17 short setae; fore tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Mid femur with 6 anterior setae and 1 short apical posterior seta; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical anterior dorsal seta and 2 strong apicoventral setae. Hind femur with 1 short preapical anterior dorsal seta; hind tibia with 1 long preapical anterior dorsal seta and 1 short apicoventral seta. Wing (Fig. 28) hyaline, with brown spots as follows: an elliptical spot on apex of R 2 + 3; a small irregular apical spot extending to anterior margin of wing and two small square medial spots on R 4 + 5, one of median spots fused with apical spot on R 2 + 3; a subapical spot on M 1; clouds on crossvein r-m and dm-cu; basal section of R 4 + 5 brown; a spot at apex of subcostal cell and R 1. Costa with 2 nd (between R 1 and R 2 + 3), 3 rd (between R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5) and 4 th (between R 4 + 5 and M 1) sections in proportion of 5: 2.3: 1; crossvein r-m before discal cell; ultimate and penultimate sections of M 1 in proportion of 1: 1.6; ultimate sections of CuA 1 about 1 / 8. Halter white. Abdomen (Figs 22, 26, 27) yellow or dark yellow, tergites 2 – 6 each with a brown medial stripe and a pair of brown triangular lateral spots. Male genitalia (Figs 29 − 33): syntergosternite 7 + 8 semicircular; epandrium with four pairs of long dorsal setae in lateral view; surstylus long triangular with sparse short setulae and sharp at apex, fused with epandrium; hypandrium nearly H-shaped, hypandrial apodeme short; pregonite coniform and slightly bended in ventral view; phallus with dorsoapical concavity and sharp at apex in lateral view, phallic apodeme shorter than phallus. Distribution. China (Shaanxi). Etymology. The new species is named from the Latin, “ dorso- ”, prefix meaning dorsal, and “ cuspidatus ”, meaning sharp, referring to the phallus being sharp at apex; a feminine adjective. Funding The research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660622). Acknowledgements The authors give sincere thanks to the collectors, to the reviewers for reviewing the manuscript and giving good advice, to the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for supporting me to check type specimens in the U. S. A.	en	Zhang, Mengjing, Gao, Xuefeng, Shi, Li (2019): Three new species of genus Homoneura from Qinling Mountains, China (Diptera: Lauxaniidae). Zoological Systematics 44 (2): 146-157, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201910
