taxonID	type	description	language	source
1C08D9FE3B6E5004AFA7093BF1BC2DFD.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 8 A, B, 9 A, B	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1C08D9FE3B6E5004AFA7093BF1BC2DFD.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1C08D9FE3B6E5004AFA7093BF1BC2DFD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species resembles B. phungae Yao, Pham & Li, 2015 (Yao et al. 2015: 9, figs 19 A – D, 20 A – G, 21 A – E) by having similar male chelicerae and epigyne (Fig. 3 A, D), but can be distinguished by procursus with retrolatero-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow in Figs 2 D, 8 B vs. absent in B. phungae), by bulbal apophysis hooked (ba in Fig. 3 C vs. distally blunt in B. phungae), by cheliceral proximo-lateral apophyses and distal apophyses closer to each other (Fig. 3 D vs. widely separated in B. phungae), by vulva without sac-like structure (Figs 3 B, 9 B vs. present in B. phungae), and by pore plates nearly triangular (pp in Figs 3 B, 9 B vs. nearly round in B. phungae); also distinguished from B. zhangi Tong & Li, 2007 (Tong and Li 2007: 505, figs 1 – 6) by procursus with sclerotized prolatero-subdistal apophysis (arrow 1 in Figs 2 C, 8 A vs. spine in B. zhangi), prolatero-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow 2 in Figs 2 C, 8 A vs. absent in B. zhangi), and retrolatero-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow in Figs 2 D, 8 B vs. retrolatero-ventral in B. zhangi), by procursus without retrolateral membranous flap (Figs 2 D, 8 B vs. present in B. zhangi), by vulval anterior arch straight (aa in Figs 3 B, 9 B vs. ridge-shaped in B. zhangi), and by pore plates nearly triangular (pp in Figs 3 B, 9 B vs. long and curved in B. zhangi).	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1C08D9FE3B6E5004AFA7093BF1BC2DFD.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.11 (1.20 with clypeus), prosoma 0.40 long, 0.53 wide, opisthosoma 0.71 long, 0.54 wide. Leg I missing, leg II: 4.88 (1.30, 0.20, 1.18, 1.62, 0.58), leg III: 3.92 (1.00, 0.19, 0.96, 1.27, 0.50), leg IV: 4.76 (1.27, 0.20, 1.17, 1.55, 0.57). Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.10, PME 0.06, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.43 / 0.33. Habitus as in Fig. 3 E, F. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellowish, with indistinct median and posterior marks; sternum yellowish, with indistinct marginal marks. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 3 D) and pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 3 D; distance between tips: 0.11). Palp as in Fig. 2 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (arrow in Fig. 2 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with sclerotized prolatero-subdistal apophysis (arrow 1 in Figs 2 C, 8 A), prolatero-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow 2 in Figs 2 C, 8 A), and retrolatero-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow in Figs 2 D, 8 B); bulb with hooked apophysis (ba in Fig. 3 C) and simple embolus (e in Fig. 3 C). Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44989): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 3 G, H. Total length 1.57 (1.66 with clypeus), prosoma 0.43 long, 0.56 wide, opisthosoma 1.14 long, 0.90 wide. Leg I: 6.87 (1.86, 0.24, 1.78, 2.16, 0.83); tibia I L / d: 36. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.06, PME 0.05, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.40 / 0.33. Epigyne simple and flat, with pair of median pockets 0.08 apart (ep in Figs 3 A, 9 A). Vulva with straight anterior arch (aa in Figs 3 B, 9 B) and pair of nearly triangular pore plates (pp in Figs 3 B, 9 B). Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 5 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 16 distinct pseudosegments.	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1C08D9FE3B6E5004AFA7093BF1BC2DFD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guangxi, type locality; Fig. 1).	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1E9C3E64934F5342823C2185B1342211.taxon	description	Figs 4, 5, 8 C, D, 9 C, D	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1E9C3E64934F5342823C2185B1342211.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1E9C3E64934F5342823C2185B1342211.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species resembles B. galeiformis Zhang & Peng, 2011 (Zhang and Peng 2011: 52, fig. 1 A – F) by having similar bulbal apophyses and male chelicerae (Fig. 5 C, D), but can be distinguished by procursus without prolatero-subdistal sclerite (Figs 4 C, 8 C vs. present in B. galeiformis), by epigyne with posterior pockets (ep in Figs 5 A, 9 C vs. median in B. galeiformis), by pore plates anteriorly narrow and posteriorly wide (pp in Figs 5 B, 9 D vs. elliptic in B. galeiformis), and by dorsal shield of prosoma without marks (Fig. 5 E, G vs. with radiating marks in B. galeiformis); also distinguished from B. tongle Zhang, Chen & Zhu, 2008 (Zhang et al. 2008: 654, figs 1 – 5) by procursus without prolatero-subdistal sclerite and ventro-subdistal apophysis (Figs 4 C, 8 C vs. present in B. tongle).	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1E9C3E64934F5342823C2185B1342211.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.51 (1.59 with clypeus), prosoma 0.56 long, 0.59 wide, opisthosoma 0.95 long, 0.84 wide. Leg I: 20.66 (5.26, 0.33, 5.19, 7.98, 1.90), leg II: 14.16 (3.88, 0.33, 3.64, 5.00, 1.31), leg III: – (2.53, 0.30, 2.25, 3.00, –), leg IV: 11.97 (3.60, 0.30, 3.23, 3.76, 1.08); tibia I L / d: 80. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.12, PME 0.05, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.49 / 0.44. Habitus as in Fig. 5 E, F. Dorsal shield of prosoma and sternum yellowish, without marks. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Eyes without pigments, but apparently with small lenses. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 5 D) and pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 5 D; distance between tips: 0.22). Palp as in Fig. 4 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 4 B); femur with small retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow 2 in Fig. 4 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with ventro-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow 1 in Figs 4 C, 8 C), spine-shaped distal apophysis (tip broken; arrow 2 in Figs 4 C, 8 C), retrolatero-subdistal membranous lamella (arrow in Figs 4 D, 8 D), and retrolateral membranous flap (f in Figs 4 D, 8 D); bulb with hooked apophysis (ba in Fig. 5 C) and simple embolus (e in Fig. 5 C). Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 4 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 17 distinct pseudosegments. Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 44994): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 5 G, H. Total length 2.00 (2.09 with clypeus), prosoma 0.58 long, 0.63 wide, opisthosoma 1.42 long, 1.01 wide; tibia I: 2.34; tibia I L / d: 39. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.11, PME 0.04, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.50 / 0.44. Epigyne simple and flat, with pair of posterior pockets 0.20 apart (ep in Figs 5 A, 9 C). Vulva with ridge-shaped anterior arch (aa in Figs 5 B, 9 D) and pair of anteriorly narrow and posteriorly wide pore plates (pp in Figs 5 B, 9 D).	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
1E9C3E64934F5342823C2185B1342211.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guangxi, type locality; Fig. 1).	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
71320D132C2557B69E761897A17942D8.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Belisana tauricornis Thorell, 1898.	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
370E6028657B58B5B22C14AC2195FE63.taxon	description	Figs 6, 7, 8 E, F, 9 E, F	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
370E6028657B58B5B22C14AC2195FE63.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name refers to the type locality; noun in apposition.	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
370E6028657B58B5B22C14AC2195FE63.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The new species resembles B. tianlinensis Zhang & Peng, 2011 (Zhang and Peng 2011: 65, fig. 10 A – G) by having similar bulbal apophyses and epigyne (Fig. 7 A, C), but can be distinguished by retrolateral flap of procursus strongly curved and wide (4 times wider than long, f in Figs 6 D, 8 F vs. straight and 2 times wider than long in B. tianlinensis), by male cheliceral distal apophyses long (6 times longer than wide) and tips widely separated (da in Fig. 7 D vs. 2 times longer than wide and tips closer to each other in B. tianlinensis), by pore plates curved, anteriorly pointed and posteriorly wide (pp in Figs 7 B, 9 F vs. nearly triangular in B. tianlinensis), and by male clypeus unmodified (Fig. 7 E vs. with pointed frontal apophysis in B. tianlinensis); also distinguished from B. douqing Chen, Zhang & Zhu, 2009 (Chen et al. 2009: 59, figs 1 – 11) by procursus with rectangular distal membranous lamella (arrow 3 in Figs 6 C, 8 E vs. nearly square in B. douqing) and curved retrolateral membranous flap (f in Figs 6 D, 8 F vs. angular in B. douqing) and by pore plates curved, anteriorly pointed and posteriorly wide (pp in Figs 7 B, 9 F vs. long elliptic in B. douqing).	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
370E6028657B58B5B22C14AC2195FE63.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype): Total length 1.98 (2.08 with clypeus), prosoma 0.74 long, 0.75 wide, opisthosoma 1.24 long, 0.89 wide. Leg I: 21.95 (5.51, 0.33, 5.44, 9.17, 1.50), leg II missing, leg III: 8.82 (2.44, 0.27, 2.25, 3.13, 0.73), leg IV: 12.12 (3.60, 0.28, 3.04, 4.45, 0.75); tibia I L / d: 68. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.10, PME 0.08, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.58 / 0.56. Habitus as in Fig. 7 E, F. Dorsal shield of prosoma yellowish, with indistinct median stripe; sternum yellowish, without marks. Legs whitish, without darker rings. Opisthosoma yellowish, without spots. Thoracic furrow absent. Clypeus unmodified. Chelicerae with pair of proximo-lateral apophyses (pa in Fig. 7 D) and pair of distal apophyses (da in Fig. 7 D; distance between tips: 0.36). Palp as in Fig. 6 A, B; trochanter with ventral apophysis (arrow 1 in Fig. 6 B); femur with small retrolatero-proximal protrusion (arrow 2 in Fig. 6 B); procursus simple proximally but complex distally, with prolatero-subdistal sclerite (arrow 1 in Figs 6 C, 8 E), sclerotized prolatero-ventral lamella (arrow 2 in Figs 6 C, 8 E), distal membranous lamella (arrow 3 in Figs 6 C, 8 E), curved distal spine (arrow 4 in Figs 6 C, 8 E), sclerotized dorso-subdistal apophysis (arrow in Figs 6 D, 8 F), and retrolateral membranous flap (f in Figs 6 D, 8 F); bulb with hooked apophysis (ba in Fig. 7 C) and simple embolus (e in Fig. 7 C). Retrolateral trichobothria on tibia I at 5 % proximally; legs with short vertical setae on metatarsi; tarsus I with 19 distinct pseudosegments. Female (paratype, IZCAS - Ar 45001): Similar to male, habitus as in Fig. 7 G, H. Total length 2.14 (2.27 with clypeus), prosoma 0.70 long, 0.79 wide, opisthosoma 1.44 long, 1.32 wide; tibia I: 4.15; tibia I L / d: 52. Eye interdistances and diameters: PME – PME 0.10, PME 0.08, PME – ALE 0.02, AME absent. Sternum width / length: 0.55 / 0.54. Epigyne simple and flat, with pair of lateral pockets 0.36 apart (ep in Figs 7 A, 9 E). Vulva with ridge-shaped anterior arch (aa in Figs 7 B, 9 F) and pair of curved, anteriorly pointed and posteriorly wide pore plates (pp in Figs 7 B, 9 F).	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
370E6028657B58B5B22C14AC2195FE63.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Guangxi, type locality; Fig. 1).	en	Zhang, Ludan, Wang, Ying, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Xiaoqing, Yao, Zhiyuan (2024): Three new spider species of Belisana Thorell, 1898 (Araneae, Pholcidae) from karst caves, with a list of Belisana species from Guangxi, China. ZooKeys 1209: 315-330, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1209.127951
