identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
987F9B08391FE02404E81AD6FD05FECB.text	987F9B08391FE02404E81AD6FD05FECB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncelytris Li & Cai 2023	<div><p>GenusOncelytris Li &amp; Cai gen. nov.</p><p>Type species. Oncelytris esquamatus Li &amp; Cai sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the Greek “ onkos ” and “ elytron ”, referring to its exceptionally tuberculate elytra. The name is masculine in gender.</p><p>Diagnosis. Dorsal surface without scales (Fig. 2A). Vertex with a pair of not well-separated protuberances (Fig. 3H). Antennae non-geniculate, with 3-segmented, moderately lamellate club (Fig. 3E). Mandibles small (Fig. 3A). Prosternal process strongly narrowed; procoxae subcontiguous (Fig. 3B). Outer protibial edge with one large apical spine, one large postmedial spine, one moderately enlarged premedial spine, and numerous equal-sized small spines (Fig. 3F). Elytra tuberculate in posterior half (Fig. 3I).</p><p>Remarks. Oncelytris generally has many characters plesiomorphic in Lucanidae, such as the entire eyes not divided by canthus, non-geniculate antennae, small mandibles, and the strongly narrowed prosternal process and subcontiguous procoxae (Kim &amp; Farrell 2015). Among the five subfamilies, Oncelytris could be confidently ruled out from Aesalinae and Lucaninae, as the latter two have a well-developed prosternal process and well separated procoxae (Howden &amp; Lawrence 1974; Kim &amp; Farrell 2015: fig. 3). Compared with Oncelytris, members of Lampriminae generally have much more developed mandibles and fewer but larger spines on protibiae.</p><p>It would be more difficult to confidently rule out Oncelytris from Syndesinae . The differentiation of subfamilies relays heavily on the male genitalic structure, and other important characters such as mandibles or antennal clubs are often sexually dimorphic (Holloway 1960). Here we are unable to confidently determine the sex of the single specimen with genital organ unexposed. Syndesinae includes three tribes: Syndesini, Ceruchini and Sinodendrini (Holloway 1968; Huang et al. 2011; Huang &amp; Chen 2017a), although the monophyly of the subfamily is contentious (Huang &amp; Chen 2013; Kim &amp; Farrell 2015). Nevertheless, Oncelytris could be separately differentiated from all these syndesine tribes: from Syndesini in having a 3-segmented antennal club, from Sinodendrini in frons without median tubercle or horn, and from Ceruchini in having smaller mandibles.</p><p>In general, Oncelytris is most similar to the tribe Ceratognathini of Nicaginae (Fig. 4). The only other tribe in Nicaginae, Nicagini, differs from Oncelytris in having shorter antennomere 1 and protibia without numerous small spines (Paulsen &amp; Smith 2005). Ceratognathini includes four extant genera: Ceratognathus Westwood, 1838, Mitophyllus Parry, 1843, Hilophyllus Paulsen &amp; Mondaca, 2006 and Holloceratognathus Nikolaev, 1998 (Paulsen 2013) . The outer protibial edge of all ceratognathin genera shares a large apical spine and a large postmedial spine, but the morphology of other smaller spines varies among genera (Holloway 1998; Paulsen &amp; Mondaca 2006). The small spines are variablysized in Holloceratognathus, while in the remaining genera the small spines are more or less equal-sized. Mitophyllus and Hilophyllus do not have moderately enlarged spines on the proximal half of protibiae. Ceratognathus has two or three moderately enlarged spines on the proximal half of protibiae. The protibia of Oncelytris is somewhat similar to that of Ceratognathus, but with only a single moderately enlarged spine on the proximal half. Oncelytris also shares with Ceratognathus the somewhat paired protuberances on the dorsal side of head, which are absent in other genera of Ceratognathini (Holloway 1998) .</p><p>The distinctly tuberculate elytra of Oncelytris are quite exceptional, which are unknown in any other member of Nicaginae (and even Lucanidae). Such tuberculate elytra are reminiscent of some members of the closely related family Trogidae (Strümpher et al. 2015; Tihelka et al. 2021; Cai et al. 2022). It is worth mentioning that the elytra of some Aesalini have a superficially similar tuberculate appearance, which, however, are due to the presence of clustered scales (e.g., Huang et al., 2015; Huang &amp; Chen 2016, 2017b; Paulsen 2018). Oncelytris additionally differs from most Nicaginae in the absence of well-developed scales on elytra, although in the New Zealand H. passaliformis (Holloway, 1962) the elytral scales are also reduced (Fig. 4A; Holloway 1997).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/987F9B08391FE02404E81AD6FD05FECB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Yan-Da;Huang, Di-Ying;Cai, Chen-Yang	Li, Yan-Da, Huang, Di-Ying, Cai, Chen-Yang (2023): Oncelytris esquamatus gen. et sp. nov. from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Zootaxa 5284 (1): 192-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.10
987F9B08391BE02504E81C0FFCB3FDC0.text	987F9B08391BE02504E81C0FFCB3FDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oncelytris esquamatus Li & Huang & Cai 2023	<div><p>Oncelytris esquamatus Li &amp; Cai sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1–3)</p><p>Type material. Holotype, NIGP200820, possibly male (as the emarginate abdominal ventrite 5 is present in only some of the males of the presumably closely-related Holloceratognathus and Mitophyllus; Holloway 1998).</p><p>Etymology. The specific name refers to the absence of scales on its dorsal surface.</p><p>Locality and horizon. Amber mine located near Noije Bum Village, Tanai Township, Myitkyina District, Kachin State, Myanmar; unnamed horizon, mid-Cretaceous, Upper Albian to Lower Cenomanian.</p><p>Diagnosis. As for the genus.</p><p>Description. Body moderately elongate, about 4.0 mm long, 1.7 mm wide; surface without scales.</p><p>Head small, shorter than half pronotal length and narrower than half pronotal width; vertex with a pair of not well-separated protuberances. Eyes moderately protuberant; ocular canthus probably absent. Anteocular process moderately developed, weakly pointed laterally (rather than anteriorly). Antennae 10-segmented, with 3-segmented club; antennomere 1 more than three times as long as wide, curved, with almost constant width; antennomeres 4–7 short, each wider than length, successively widened; antennomeres 8–10 moderately lamellate. Mandibles short, not extending beyond labial palps. Maxillary palp 4-segmented; apical palpomere elongate.</p><p>Pronotal disc widest basally, slightly wider than elytra combined; surface simple; lateral sides smooth, subparallel in posterior half and converging anteriorly in anterior half; anterior angles slightly produced; posterior angles right-angled. Prosternum with median longitudinal carina; prosternal process narrow, with procoxae subcontiguous.</p><p>Elytra 1.6 times as long as combined width, nearly parallel-sided in anterior three-fifths; lateral sides serrulate (at least in posterior half); punctures on surface likely not forming distinct rows; distinct tubercles present in posterior half of elytral surface. Mesocoxal cavities likely narrowly separated. Posterior intercoxal process of metaventrite apically with two acute points. Metacoxae transverse, subcontiguous.</p><p>Protibia with one large apical spur; outer protibial edge with one large apical spine, one large postmedial spine, one moderately enlarged premedial spine, and numerous equal-sized small tooth-like spines. Mesotibia with paired apical spurs. Tarsi 5-segmented. Pretarsal claws simple; empodium well developed and bisetose.</p><p>Abdomen with five ventrites; ventrite 5 apically emarginate.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/987F9B08391BE02504E81C0FFCB3FDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Li, Yan-Da;Huang, Di-Ying;Cai, Chen-Yang	Li, Yan-Da, Huang, Di-Ying, Cai, Chen-Yang (2023): Oncelytris esquamatus gen. et sp. nov. from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Coleoptera: Lucanidae). Zootaxa 5284 (1): 192-198, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.10, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5284.1.10
