taxonID	type	description	language	source
9E5387FEFFAA9512FF1EFDB3FB02A59C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species. Parariukiaria cucfuongensis sp. nov., by original designation	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFAA9512FF1EFDB3FB02A59C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A xystodesmid genus characterized by leg prefemora with / without ventral processes; gonopod coxa without proximal apophysis, and with / without a macroseta; if present, prefemoral process extremely short, triangular or curved spiniform / tubercle; acropodite very long and slender, somewhat flagelliform; strongly curved or helicoid distally; demarcation between gonopod prefemur and femur absent. The new genus is fairly close to two genera, Riukiaria Attems, 1938 and Xystodesmus Cook, 1895 found in Japan, Taiwan and recently China. However, it clearly differs from Riukiaria in the prefemoral process being strongly reduced as a short, triangular tubercle / spine, and not forming a forceps with the long and slender acropodite. On the other hand, Riukiaria has a biramous, forceps-like gonopod conformation; gonopod coxa with a macroseta, acropodite thick and slightly longer than or subequal to prefemoral process, and leg prefemora with ventral processes. The genus Xystodesmus may be distinguished from the new genus by its gonopod conformation being more elaborate, with a well-developed prefemoral process; a deep division between the acropodite and prefemoral process, but these often subequal in length; gonopod coxa always with a macroseta, but with or without coxal apophysis. On the contrary, Parariukiaria species have a long and slender acropodite; if present, the prefemoral process is very short; gonopod coxa with or without a macroseta; coxal apophysis absent. The new genus is also different from the genus Koreoaria Verhoeff, 1937 in having the prefemoral process much shorter, and the acropodite simple, flagelliform.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFAA9512FF1EFDB3FB02A59C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The gender is feminine. The genus is named after its similarity to the genus Riukiaria.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFAA9512FF1EFDB3FB02A59C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Recently, Golovatch (2014) described five new Riukiaria species from Sichuan Province (China). Of his five new species, two clearly fit well into the genus Riukiaria with forceps-like gonopod conformation, Riukiaria martensi Golovatch, 2014 and R. davidiani Golovatch, 2014. The other three species, R. belousovi Golovatch, 2014, R. korolevi Golovatch, 2014, and R. kabaki Golovatch, 2014, seem not belong to the genus Riukiaria because the prefemoral process is strongly reduced, even totally missing, and the solenomere is long and slender, acuminating towards tip. According to Tanabe & Shinohara (1996) and Korsós et al. (2011), the genus Riukiaria is typically characterized by the forceps-like gonopod conformation, in which a thick acropodite is subequal to or slightly longer than prefemoral process. In other words, the prefemoral process is always well-developed. Tanabe & Shinohara (1996) also stated that the gonopods of Riukiaria are relatively stable within the genus. It means that the strongly reduced, even missing, prefemoral process could not be a diagnosic character for the genus Riukiaria; it could be for another taxon. Comparing the three genera, Riukiaria, Xystodesmus and Parariukiaria, a modification trend can be seen in the gonopod prefemoral process and acropodite. While both Riukiaria and Xystodesmus have well developed prefemoral processes and a thick acropodite, Parariukiaria is totally different with strongly reduced prefemoral processes and slender acropodites. The relationship among three genera has not yet been resolved, but we can hypothesize that Parariukiaria might be evolved from the genus Riukiaria when it moved eastwards and southwards through Asia. During the movement, the gonopod prefemoral process has been reduced. However, it is more data is needed, especially molecular data for phylogenetic analysis among the three genera.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFA99517FF1EFF38FAF0A312.taxon	materials_examined	Examined material. HOLOTYPE: 1 male (IEBR-Xys 001) Vietnam, Ninh Binh province, Cuc Phuong National Park (20 ° 19 ’ 00 ” N – 105 ° 36 ′ 30 ″ E), forest, 30 April – 1 May 2006, leg. Luong Van Hien. PARATYPE: 1 female (IEBR-Xys 002) same data as holotype.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFA99517FF1EFF38FAF0A312.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The species differs from its congeners in having leg prefemora with an apicoventral spine; gonopod prefemoral process present, but extremely small, triangular spine; acropodite long, slender and curved at the distal part.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFA99517FF1EFF38FAF0A312.taxon	etymology	Etymology. To emphasize the Cuc Phuong National Park, in which the type material was found.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFA99517FF1EFF38FAF0A312.taxon	description	Description. Holotype approximately 43 mm in length, width of pro- and metazona about 4.4 and 6.0 mm, respectively. Female slightly larger, length ca. 45 mm, width of pro- and metazona about 4.7 and 6.5 mm. Coloration: Whole body almost uniformly light yellow due to long preservation in 75 % ethanol, but prozona seem to be paler than other parts. Head slightly smaller than collum (Figs. 1 A, B). Labrum densely setose, but only 3 + 3 setae on clypeus; frons strongly divided into two parts due to a distinct, deep epicranial suture; each part with two setae arranged in a transverse row. Antennae (Fig. 1 B) short and stout, somewhat claviform; antenomeres 2 and 6 subequal, but slightly longer than subequal antenomeres 3 = 5; antennomere 7 shortest; antennomere 1 globose, about half as long as antennomere 2; each antennomere except 7 and 1 with a macroseta dorsodistally. Collum (Fig. 1 C) slightly convex and smooth, but a transverse concave suture at 1 / 3 of its length, without any traces of setae; lateral and posterior margin with weak ridge; lateral corner triangular, but not pointed. Body parallel-sided (Figs. 1 D, E) on body rings 2 – 16, frombody ring 17 gradually tapering towards telson (Figs. 1 F, G). Both prozona and metazona smooth, shining. Metazona strongly convex; posterior margin with weak ridge; lateral parts expanded pleurad to form well-developed paraterga at ½ body ring height; calluses or lateral margins of paraterga narrow, but evident; caudal corner protruding into a pointed projection, slightly surpassing beyond posterior contour of metaterga, but not reaching to rear metaterga; pointed projections much more obvious and longer on male than on female. Pore formula normal as in polydesmidan species (Body rings 5, 7, 9 – 10, 12 – 13, 15 – 19), ozopores lying at lateral edge at about 2 / 3 of paratergal length. Epiproct short, stout tubercle, with 4 long setae on each lateral side; tip concave, with four spinnerets. Paraprocts (Fig. 1 H) strongly convex, with 2 + 2 setae on surface. Hypoproct (Fig. 1 H) triangular with two separated laterodistal setiferous knobs. Sterna: cross-impression very weak and vague, sparsely setose and without modifications. Legs short and stout; length less than midbody height; prefemur with apicoventral spine; all podomeres with long setae, especially on dorsal part of tarsi and tibiae. Male gonopodal aperture on 7 th segment ellipsoid, about twice as wide as long. Gonopod (Figs. 1 I, 2 A – D) with coxa short, cylindrical, approximately ½ as long as telopodite, without coxal apophysis, but with a distoanterior macroseta (ms). Cannula normal, on mesal side. Telopodite long, straight, with two simple processes, one being a very short, triangular prefemoral process (pfp), the other a slender, extremely long, curved acropodite (ac). Demarcation between densely setose prefemur and solenomere absent. Habitats. The species was found in Cuc Phuong which is the most highly conserved area in Vietnam, with primary forest over limestone bedrock. Thus it is unlikely that the species is introduced from elsewhere.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFAF9517FF1EFE3CFEEBA0F0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described from Sichuan Province (China). The species is recognized by the very short, tuberculiform prefemoral process and very long, slender solenomere. The gonopod coxae are without setae (Golovatch, 2014). Those characters fit well with the diagnosis of Parariukiaria. Thus, the species is reallocated to the new genus.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFAF9517FF1EFBD5FE10A7D5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This third species was also described from Sichuan Province (China). The species is diagnosed by gonopod coxa with a seta; the prefemoral process is very short, stout and erect spiniform; the solenomere is long and bifurcate at the distal part, both branches acuminate towards tip (Golovatch, 2014). Those characters place species into Parariukiaria.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
9E5387FEFFAF9517FF1EFD5BFCB3A651.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was also described from Sichuan Province (China). The species is characterized by the gonopod coxae without setae. The prefemoral process is completely absent; the solenomere is long and slender, slightly helicoid and acuminate towards tip (Golovatch, 2014). Those characters fit well with the diagnosis of Parariukiaria. Thus, the species is reallocated to the new genus.	en	Nguyen, Anh D. (2016): Discovery of a new millipede species in northern Vietnam, and the proposal of a new genus, Parariukiaria (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Xystodesmidae). Zootaxa 4121 (3): 331-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4121.3.7
