identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9E1A87D5FF805D42FF1AFD3A2D64FF79.text	9E1A87D5FF805D42FF1AFD3A2D64FF79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baryancistrus Rapp Py-Daniel 1989	<div><p>Color based differential key of Baryancistrus species (for living and preserved specimens):</p><p>1. Body uniformly dark or with faint light dots ..................... 2</p><p>1’. Body largely covered by conspicuous yellow or light dots .......................................................................................... 4</p><p>2. Presence of a continuous light band (bright yellow in living specimens) on border of dorsal and caudal fins.………................. Baryancistrus chrysolomus (rio Xingu)</p><p>2’. Dorsal and caudal fins without light terminal bands ...... 3</p><p>3. Body uniformly dark without any dots (small sized fishes, up to 80.9 mm SL) ..... Baryancistrus beggini (río Orinoco)</p><p>3’. Body covered with small and inconspicuous light dots of different sizes (but always smaller than pupil): larger on head, body and fin rays, and minute on interradial membranes (large fishes, up to 206.4 mm SL) ............................ Baryancistrus longipinnis (rio Tocantins)</p><p>4. Light dots covering only the anterior portion of body (to dorsal fin), posterior portion of body and fins plain ............................... Baryancistrus demantoides (río Orinoco)</p><p>4’. Light dots covering whole body ......................................... 5</p><p>5. Presence of light band (bright yellow in living specimens) on border of dorsal and caudal fins, broader in juveniles, and reduced to light markings on distal tips of dorsal and caudal in adults .......... Baryancistrus xanthellus (rio Xingu)</p><p>5’. Absence of light band on border of dorsal and caudal fins in juveniles and adults ......................................................... ........ Baryancistrus niveatus (rios Araguaia and Tocantins)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E1A87D5FF805D42FF1AFD3A2D64FF79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Py-Daniel, Lúcia Rapp;Zuanon, Jansen;Oliveira, Renildo Ribeiro de	Py-Daniel, Lúcia Rapp, Zuanon, Jansen, Oliveira, Renildo Ribeiro de (2011): Two new ornamental loricariid catfishes of Baryancistrus from rio Xingu drainage (Siluriformes: Hypostominae). Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 241-252, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200001, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200001&lng=en&tlng=en
9E1A87D5FF805D45FF74F9D92CCDFCC1.text	9E1A87D5FF805D45FF74F9D92CCDFCC1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baryancistrus xanthellus Py-Daniel & Zuanon & Oliveira 2011	<div><p>Baryancistrus xanthellus, new species</p><p>Figs. 1 and 2</p><p>Holotype. INPA 33849, 214.2 mm SL, Brazil, Pará, Senador José Porfírio, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.698055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.4519446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.698055/lat -3.4519446)">rio Xingu</a> in the vicinity of the cachoeira <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.698055&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.4519446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.698055/lat -3.4519446)">Buraco do Inferno</a>, 03º27’07”S 51º41’53”W, 18 Mar 1997, J. Zuanon.</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, Pará, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">rio Xingu</a>: ANSP 191482, 3, 183.8- 188.7 mm SL, MCP 45752, 2, 191.0- 196.3 mm SL, MNRJ 37863, 2, 186.2- 191.5 mm SL, Arroz Cru, 03º25’16”S 51º55’08”W, 1 Oct 1990, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; J. Zuanon. INPA 3942, 7, 78.3-184.8 mm SL (4 not measured), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Furo do Tucum Seco</a>, 1 Oct 1990, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; J. Zuanon. INPA 3955, 27, 48.9-126.2 mm SL, 1 c&amp;s, 82.0 mm SL, (19 not measured), INPA 3963, 3, 110.3- 145.1 mm SL (1 not measured), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Cachoeira do Kaituká</a>, 03º33’47”S 51º51’20”W, 9 Oct 1990, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; J. Zuanon. INPA 4057, 1, 223.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Ilha de Babaquara</a>, 03º12’43”S 52º12’12”W, 4 Oct 1990, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; J. Zuanon. INPA 4058, 1, 224.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Praia do Pedral</a>, 03º15’16.7”S 52º13’12”W, 7 Oct 1990, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; J. Zuanon. INPA 31414, 9, 49.8-210.2 mm SL (4 not measured), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Comunidade do Maia</a>, 03º30’44”S 51º44’43”W, 9 Nov 2008, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; R. R. Oliveira. INPA 31423, 1, 48.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Cachoeira do Landi</a>, 03º35’01”S 51º49’21”W, 8 Nov 2008, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; R. R. Oliveira. INPA 31473, 6, 51.2- 171.8 mm SL, (2 not measured), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Arroz Cru</a>, 03º25’20”S 51º57’22”W, 6 Nov 2008, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; R. R. Oliveira. INPA 31772, 1, 55.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Ilha do Davi</a>, 03º32’39”S 51º57’29”W, 10 Nov 2008, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; R. R. Oliveira. INPA 31799, 2, 57.8-189.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Gorgulho da Rita</a>, 03º20’14”S 52º11’18”W, 7 Nov 2008, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; R. R. Oliveira. INPA 33848, 1, 212.8 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Cachoeira Buraco do Inferno</a>, 03º27’07”S 51º41’53”W, 17 Mar 1997, J. Zuanon. INPA 33850, 5, 88.4-162.6 mm SL, 1 c&amp;s, 88.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Corredeiras do Arini</a>, 03º24’15”S 51º41’53”W, 6 Sep 1997, J. Zuanon. INPA 33851, 1, 65.1 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Furo do Ramiro</a>, 03º15’21”S 52º05’06”W, 15 Sep 1997, J. Zuanon. INPA 33852, 1, 175.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Ponta da Ilha da Bela Vista</a>, 03º24’22”S 51º43’03”W, 29 Sep 1996, J. Zuanon. INPA 33941, 1, 110.9 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Costa Junior</a>, 03º29’28”S 52º19’07”W, 12 Oct 1996, J. Zuanon. MPEG 19132, 2, 171.3-183.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Ilha de Babaquara</a>, 5 Oct 1990, J. Zuanon. MZUSP 106738, 3, 173.3- 194.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Ilha de Kaituká</a>, 03º33’47”S 51º51’20”W, 8 Oct 1990, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; J. Zuanon. ZUEC 4485, 2, 46.6-52.5 mm SL, just above Senador José Porfirio, 02º41’7.7”S 52º00’30.9”W, 13 Sep 1997, J. Zuanon. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Rio Iriri</a>: INPA 30767, 1, 146.4 mm SL, ROM 88756, 2, 137.2- 191.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Ilha do Curapé</a>, 04º06’53”S 53º22’28”W, 17 Aug 2008, H. López-Fernández et al. INPA 31081, 2, 184.4-207.0 mm SL, ROM 88757, 1, 172.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Cachoeira Grande do Iriri</a>, 03º51’34”S 52º41’25”W, 23 Aug 2008, H. López-Fernández et al. INPA 31095, 2, 176.6- 188.6 mm SL, ROM 88755, 2, 103.8- 187.5 mm SL, above mouth of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">rio Novo</a>, 04º28’11”S 53º41’38”W, 21 Aug 2008, H. López-Fernández et al. INPA 31169, 1, 140.8 mm SL, ROM 88754, 1, 131.1 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Cachoeira Grande do Iriri</a>, 03º50’35”S 52º44’03”W, 24 Aug 2008, H. López-Fernández et al. INPA 32452, 1, 46.3 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-51.91889&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.421111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -51.91889/lat -3.421111)">Barinha</a>, 04º09’05”S 53º23’28”W, 19 Aug 2008, H. López-Fernández et al .</p><p>Diagnosis. Baryancistrus xanthellus differs from all its congeners by having a broad light band on dorsal and caudal fin distal borders in juveniles, becoming a small dot on dorsal and caudal-fin tips in adults (vs. conspicuous band at all ages in B. chrysolomus and light bands absent in B. demantoides, B. beggini, B. longipinnis, and B. niveatus). It can also be distinguished from all congeners except B. niveatus and B. longipinnis by the presence of light spots on the whole body (vs. the presence of uniform dark coloration in Baryancistrus beggini and B. chrysolomus; presence of round spots only on the anterior part of the body until the end of dorsal-fin base in B. demantoides; presence of inconspicuous dots on the fins and rest of the body dark colored in B. longipinnis). Baryancistrus xanthellus can be further distinguished from B. demantoides, B. longipinnis, and B. niveatus by having a naked abdomen (vs. partially or completely plated in these three species). Baryancistrus xanthellus differs from B. beggini by a larger number of mandibulary teeth (around 60) on both maxillae versus 34-36 teeth in the premaxillary and 34 teeth in the dentary in B. beggini). The presence of bold yellow markings in young B. xanthellus is the reason for its popular name in the aquarium trade: “amarelinho” in Portuguese (meaning little yellow).</p><p>Description. Morphometrics and meristics in Table 1. Mediumsize loricariids, bigger specimen examined reached 224.1 mm SL. Body short and robust, deep. Profile from snout to eye strongly sloped, gently convex from eye to insertion of dorsal fin due to prominence of supraoccipital process. Profile strongly inclined from dorsal-fin insertion to caudal fin. Body deepest at region between supraoccipital and dorsal-fin insertion. Ventral surface flat and straight from snout tip to caudal-fin base. Head and eyes without crest. Anterior lateral plates gently bent; rest of body not keeled. Anterior portion of body half oval in cross section, triangular at caudal peduncle.</p><p>Head large and wide; snout round in dorsal view. Eye large and round, iris operculum not visible. Orbit slightly elevated; interorbital area almost completely flat. No ridge between eyes and nares. Supraoccipital process conspicuous, elevated and rounded posteriorly. Supraoccipital limited posteriorly by pair of large quadrangular plates, almost fused. Predorsal area reduced, with only one pair of small, separated diamond-shaped plates anterior to nuchal plate.</p>Measurement Baryancistrus xanthellus Baryancistrus chrysolo musHolotypeNMeanRangeSDHolotypeNMeanRangeSDStandard length (mm)214.262-46.3-224.1-219.020-4 7.4-219.0-Percents of st andard lengthPredorsal length43.46244.740.2-47.81.441.32042.239.6 -45.11.2Head length35.86237.735.3-41.01.433.72036.633.6 -39.51.6Cleithral width33.76234.431.0-37.51.534.32034.432.9 -36.50.8Thorax length25.06224.320.9-27.31.321.72024.121.0 -26.21.4Pectoral-spine len gth33.76233.025.7-38.73.334.92032.028.5 -36.12.2Abdominal length24.36224.621.5-27.71.425.12024.320.9 -26.71.6Pelvic-spine length24.26225.923.1-29.31.425.12025.023.5 -27.00.8Postanal length21.36227.821.3-30.71.731.12029.526.6 -31.51.1Anal-fin spine length10.86210.17.6-13.30.910.61910.69.1-12.00.7Dorsal spine length25.66226.622.8-32.11.926.02027.024.0 -29.71.6Dorsal-fin base length40.66240.535.4-48.02.741.22039.336.5 -43.32.0Dorsal-ad ipose distance1.3621.10-2.70.91.6201.70.5 -4.01.1Caudal penduncle d epth10.66210.79.0-12.30.811.32010.69.4-11.90.6Adipose-spine length7.8627.96.4-9.10.68.3208.27.1 -9.20.6Adipose-caudal length21.16222.419.5-24.80.925.22023.521.2 -26.11.1Body depth at dorsal-fin origin22.26222.117.1-26.81.921.22020.416.6 -22.91.8Body width at dorsal-fin origin31.96231.927.7-37.12.032.42030.627.9 -34.01.7Body width at anal-fin origin17.66216.912.6-20.51.718.72015.712.4 -19.32.1Postdorsal length22.86223.319.1-25.71.426.02025.523.4 -27.71.2Anus-anal fin len gth3.6624.12.9-5.60.64.5204.13.3 -5.70.6Body width36.56236.133.3-39.31.336.32036.335.2 -37.80.8Percents of head lengthOrb ital diameter15.46218.415.1-23.42.317.32021.617.1 -24.92.9Sn out length74.86267.260.6-74.83.164.02061.958.5 -66.52.8Internares width13.86213.09.4-15.61.614.52012.39.6-15.71.6Interorbital width37.56236.028.0-41.43.941.82036.731.4 -45.24.1Head depth57.66256.346.5-66.84.363.72054.047.1 -63.75.3Dentary len gth21.26219.516.7-24.41.623.22020.617.3 -24.92.3Premaxillary length21.36219.315.9-22.61.423.72019.916.1 -23.72.1Head width103.96290.577.2-103.97.2100.42089.37 9.1-100.46.6Eye-nostril length16.36214.79.1-17.82.215.52013.210.2 -17.92.3Interbranchial distance59.66256.551.8-60.92.458.82057.753.6 -61.22.2CountsTeeth on premaxilla606228-72742014 -91Teeth on dentary646225-76812022 -96Lateral plates in middle series246223-24242024 -25Plates between anal and caudal10629-11102010 -11Plates between dorsal and adipose0620-20.5200 -2Plates predorsal36233203<p>Mouth wide; lips large, covered with small round papillae except on area around maxillae. Maxillary barbel thick and short. Branchial opening moderate, wider in larger specimens. Interbranchial distance approx. 56.5% in head length.</p><p>Head and body completely covered by large plates dorsally, except dorsal-fin base. Ventral surface largely unplated from snout to anal fin; in larger specimens, presence of two or three minute round plates close to insertion of pectoral spine or urogenital opening. Twenty-two perforated median plates, 23 lateral plates; four oblong plates on caudalfin base. All plates marked with lines of odontodes. Numerous hypertrophied odontodes only on evertible cheek plates, well developed in larger specimens with largest odontode reaching posterior end of first lateral plate. Ventral border of opercle with series of strong but short odontodes on probably mature males.</p><p>Dorsal fin II,7; spinelet present and dorsal-fin locking mechanism functional. Dorsal fin long and low, reaching adipose spine on small specimens when adpressed. Dorsalfin posterior membrane covering four plates immediately behind last dorsal-fin ray, but not reaching preadipose plate. Adipose fin large and with posterior membrane slightly developed. One single plate separating dorsal from preadipose plate. Caudal fin i,14,i, emarginated. Pectoral fin I,6, large, reaching well beyond posterior end of pelvic-fin base when adpressed. Pectoral fin covered by large odontodes on (possibly mature) males. Pelvic fin i,5 reaching posterior end of anal fin base when adpressed. Anal fin i,4, very reduced. All simple first rays covered by numerous short odontodes on their free surface.</p><p>Teeth long and deeply cuspidate. Cusps round and similar in larger specimens with vertical divide between cusps; in smaller specimens cusps are largely asymmetrical, with internal cups larger. Premaxilla and dentary of similar size and disposed in parallel to anterior border of snout. Modal number of premaxillary teeth 32; dentary teeth mode 46 (range of number of mandibulary teeth in Table 1). Buccal papilla long and digitiform.</p><p>Color in life. Overall body color dark brown at dorsum and sides, paler on abdomen. Numerous bright, similar-sized yellow spots over head, body, dorsal, adipose, and caudal fins, and on dorsal surface of pectoral and pelvic fins. Yellow spots almost size of pupil in juveniles, becoming proportionally smaller, more numerous and somewhat paler in adults. Young specimens with wide yellow band on distal third of caudal and dorsal fin; dorsal-fin band larger anteriorly, becoming gradually slender posteriorly. In adults, bands on fins become reduced to spots on anterior distal ends of dorsal and caudal fins (Fig. 2). Considerable variation in density and size of spots.</p><p>Color in alcohol. Similar to pattern described for living specimens but with ground color brown to dark olive and white to cream markings (Fig. 1).</p><p>Distribution. This species has been recorded from the area called Volta Grande do rio Xingu, an area immediately above Belo Monte falls, and from rio Iriri, the larger tributary of rio Xingu (Figs. 3 and 4a).</p><p>Etymology. From the Greek xanthellus, yellow, in allusion to the bright color of the specimens. A noun in apposition.</p><p>Popular name. Known in the aquarium trade as “amarelinho” (= little yellow) and “cascudo pepita-de-ouro” (in Portuguese), or L018 and L085; and golden nugget pleco or Iriri golden nugget pleco (in English), or L177.</p><p>Ecological notes. Baryancistrus xanthellus is one of the most common species observed in the rapids of rio Xingu in the area known as “Volta Grande do Xingu” near the town of Altamira, Pará State (Fig. 4a). Young specimens of B. xanthellus occur in groups of several individuals under flat rocks at the bottom of shallow rapid stretches. Other loricariid species found sintopically are Ancistrus spp., Oligancistrus punctatissimus, and an undescribed species of Oligancistrus, young individuals of Baryancistrus aff. niveatus, Parancistrus nudiventris, and Pseudancistrus sp. Adult specimens occupy larger spaces among and under submerged boulders, together with large specimens of Baryancistrus aff. niveatus, Scobinancistrus aureatus, and S. cf. pariolispos, and Hypostomus spp. The diet of three examined specimens of B. xanthellus was composed mainly of algae, especially diatoms and loose filaments of clorophyceans such as Spirogyra, which are commonly found associated with fine sediments and sand grains in the long intestines of loricariids (intestinal length up to 16 times the body length; Zuanon, 1999). Occasional bryozoans and chironomid larvae were also found. Underwater observations indicate that the food is scraped from the surface of submerged rocks by gently combing the periphyton cover with the numerous and tightly spaced teeth (JZ, pers. obs.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E1A87D5FF805D45FF74F9D92CCDFCC1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Py-Daniel, Lúcia Rapp;Zuanon, Jansen;Oliveira, Renildo Ribeiro de	Py-Daniel, Lúcia Rapp, Zuanon, Jansen, Oliveira, Renildo Ribeiro de (2011): Two new ornamental loricariid catfishes of Baryancistrus from rio Xingu drainage (Siluriformes: Hypostominae). Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 241-252, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200001, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200001&lng=en&tlng=en
9E1A87D5FF875D4AFF70FA502CA4FD38.text	9E1A87D5FF875D4AFF70FA502CA4FD38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Baryancistrus chrysolomus Py-Daniel & Zuanon & Oliveira 2011	<div><p>Baryancistrus chrysolomus, new species</p><p>Figs. 5 and 6</p><p>Holotype. INPA 33947, 219.0 mm SL, Brazil, Pará, Altamira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.2558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.085/lat -3.2558334)">rio Xingu</a> at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.085&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.2558334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.085/lat -3.2558334)">Furo do Ramiro</a>, 03º15’21”S 52º05’06”W, 15 Sep 1997, J. Zuanon.</p><p>Paratypes. Brazil, Pará, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.08972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.318611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.08972/lat -8.318611)">rio Xingu</a>: INPA 28483, 3, 40.3-65.3 mm SL, 1 c&amp;s, 58.4 mm SL, (1 not measured), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.08972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.318611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.08972/lat -8.318611)">Furo da Crente</a>, 03º27’30”S 51º54’41”W, 17 Sep 1997, J. Zuanon. INPA 31408, 4, 55.6-92.2 mm SL, Comunidade do Maia, 03º30’44”S 51º44’43”W, 9 Nov 2008, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; R. R. Oliveira. INPA 31438, 9, 47.4-89.1 mm SL, 1 c&amp;s, 74.4 mm SL, (3 not measured), Comunidade do Maia, 03º31’42”S 51º45’02”W, 9 Nov 2008, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; R. R. Oliveira. INPA 31800, 3, 53.5 mm SL (2 not measured), Coqueiro, 03º06’54”S 51º43’15”W, 5 Nov 2008, L. Rapp Py-Daniel &amp; R. R. Oliveira. INPA 33844, 1, 166.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.08972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.318611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.08972/lat -8.318611)">Viracebo do Arroz Cru</a>, 03º25’16”S 51º55’08”W, 7 Oct 1996, J. Zuanon. INPA 33845, 2, 207.6- 207.8 mm SL, same data as holotype. INPA 33846, 1, 191.7 mm SL, MPEG 19133, 1, 142.7 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.08972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.318611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.08972/lat -8.318611)">Furo do Ramiro</a>, 03º15’21”S 52º05’06”W, 12 Sep 1997, J. Zuanon. MZUSP 106739, 1, 184.2 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.08972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.318611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.08972/lat -8.318611)">Furo do Ramiro</a>, 03º15’21”S 52º05’06”W, 6 Oct 1996, J. Zuanon. ZUEC 4484, 1, 69.5 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.08972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.318611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.08972/lat -8.318611)">Furo de Ramiro</a>, 03º15’21”S 52º05’06”W, 13 September 1997, J. Zuanon. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.08972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.318611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.08972/lat -8.318611)">Rio Curuá</a>: MZUSP 97226, 8, 45.5-182.4 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-55.08972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.318611" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -55.08972/lat -8.318611)">rio Iriri drainage</a>, 08º19’07”S 55º05’23”W, 22 Oct 2007, J. L. Birindelli et al .</p><p>Diagnosis. Baryancistrus chrysolomus can be distinguished from all its congeners, except B. xanthellus, by the presence of a broad orange to yellow band along the entire distal border of dorsal and caudal fin (vs. all fins without yellow bands). Baryancistrus chrysolomus differs from B. niveatus and B. demantoides by the absence of clear dots on the body (vs. presence of clear dots on whole body in B. niveatus and in anterior part of the body in B. demantoides). Baryancistrus chrysolomus can also be distinguished from B. longipinnis, B. demantoides and B. niveatus by having a naked abdomen (vs. partially or completely plated in these three species). Baryancistrus chrysolomus can be further distinguished from B. beggini by the larger number of mandibulary teeth (around 70) (vs. 34-36 in premaxillary and 34 in dentary in B. beggini). Baryancistrus chrysolomus differs from B. xanthellus by the general body color; in B. chrysolomus the body is dark with very faint, almost indistinguishable light marks, vs. a conspicuously spotted coloration in B. xanthellus . Both young of B. xanthellus and B. chrysolomus have wide light bands on dorsal and caudal fins, but only B. chrysolomus retains the band in adults. Besides, both species can be distinguished by the difference on the rest of the body coloration (spotted in B. xanthellus vs. almost plain in B. chrysolomus).</p><p>Description. Morphometrics and meristics in Table 1. Medium-size loricariids; bigger specimen examined reached 219.0 mm SL. Very similar to preceding species. Body short and robust, deep. Profile from snout to eye strongly sloped, gently convex from eye to insertion of dorsal fin due to prominence of supraoccipital process. Profile strongly inclined from dorsal-fin insertion to caudal fin. Body deepest between supraoccipital and dorsal-fin insertion. Ventral surface flat and straight from snout tip to caudal-fin base. Snout with low vertical ridge conspicuously covered by a series of smaller plates. Anterior lateral plates gently bent; low ridge along dorsal fin until base of adipose fin. Anterior portion of body half oval in cross section, triangular at caudal peduncle.</p><p>Head large and wide; snout round in dorsal view. Eye large and round, iris operculum present. Orbit not elevated; interorbital area flat. No ridge between eyes and nares. Supraoccipital process not elevated, almost indistinct from rest of bone, round posteriorly and elevated. Supraoccipital limited by a pair of large quadrangular plates tightly connected. Predorsal area reduced, with one pair of separated diamondshaped plates anterior to nuchal plate.</p><p>Mouth wide; lips large with small round papillae except around maxillae. Maxillary barbels slender and short. Branchial opening moderate, wider in larger specimens. Interbranchial distance large approx. 57.7% in head length.</p><p>Head and body completely covered by large plates dorsally, except dorsal-fin base. Ventral surface largely unplated from snout to anal fin or urogenital opening, larger specimens with few patches of odontodes close to pectoral fin insertion. Twenty-five perforated median plates, 24 lateral plates; four to five short oblong plates on caudal-fin base. All plates strongly sculpted with lines of odontodes more developed posteriorly. Numerous hypertrophied odontodes on evertible cheek plates, well developed in larger specimens. Ventral border of opercle with series of strong but short odontodes.</p><p>Dorsal fin II,7; spinelet present and locking mechanism functional. Dorsal fin long and low, reaching adipose spine when adpressed. Dorsal-fin posterior membrane covering next three to four plates, but not reaching preadipose plate. Adipose fin large with posterior membrane well developed. Only one plate separating dorsal fin from preadipose plate. Caudal fin i,14,i, emarginate. Pectoral fin I,6, large, reaching well beyond posterior end of pelvic-fin base when adpressed. Pectoral fin covered by large odontodes in males. Pelvic fin i,5 reaching posterior end of anal fin base when adpressed. Anal fin i,4. All simple first rays covered by numerous short odontodes on their free surface.</p><p>Teeth long and deeply cuspidate. Cusps largely asymmetrical; internal cusp larger. Premaxilar and dentary bones of similar size and disposed parallel to anterior snout border. Maximum of 91 teeth on premaxillary and 96 on dentary. Modal number of premaxillary teeth 30; dentary teeth mode 34 (range of number of mandibulary teeth in Table 1). Buccal papilla short and digitiform.</p><p>Color in life. Body dark brown to olive at dorsum and sides, paler ventrally. Very faint pale spots over body, hardly visible on fins. Juveniles with whitish orange band on distal fourth of caudal and dorsal fins, narrower in adults (Fig. 6).</p><p>Color in alcohol. Similar to pattern of living specimens but opaque brown to dark olive ground color and almost indistinguishable pale marks. Bands on fins creamy (Fig. 5).</p><p>Distribution. Known from rio Xingu, in the area called Volta Grande do rio Xingu, immediately above Belo Monte falls and below Belo Monte village, and from rio Curuá, rio Iriri, the larger tributary of rio Xingu (Figs. 3 and 4b).</p><p>Etymology. From the Greek chryso, meaning orange or yellow and loma meaning border, in allusion to the colored band at the border of the dorsal and caudal fins. A noun in apposition.</p><p>Popular name. This species is commonly known in the Brazilian aquarium trade as “aba laranja”, (orange border), “cascudo Magnum”, (large pleco), or L047. In English, this fish receives the name of mango pleco.</p><p>Ecological notes. Baryancistrus chrysolomus seems to be much rarer than B. xanthellus in the rapid stretches of “Volta Grande” of the rio Xingu (Fig. 4b). Differently from the preceding species, young specimens of B. xanthellus occur in marginal areas of the rapids, near the river banks, usually just one or two individuals. The individuals were found under rocks in places with slow to moderate flowing water, usually with sediment accumulation over the rocks and river bottom. Other loricariid species found in the same habitat were Peckoltia vittata and young individuals of Hypostomus spp. Adult B. chrysolomus were collected under large flat rocks settled directly on the river bottom, in places with considerable amounts of fine sediments. The diet of B. chrysolomus (only two specimens analyzed) is very similar to that described for B. xanthellus and was composed by loose algae (mainly diatoms) and occasional invertebrate larvae associated with fine sediments and sand grains. The combination of the type of food items detected, the presence of fine sediments in the gut, a very long (up to 20 times the body length) and coiled intestine, and tooth number and arrangement, also suggest a periphyton-combing feeding strategy for this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9E1A87D5FF875D4AFF70FA502CA4FD38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Py-Daniel, Lúcia Rapp;Zuanon, Jansen;Oliveira, Renildo Ribeiro de	Py-Daniel, Lúcia Rapp, Zuanon, Jansen, Oliveira, Renildo Ribeiro de (2011): Two new ornamental loricariid catfishes of Baryancistrus from rio Xingu drainage (Siluriformes: Hypostominae). Neotropical Ichthyology 9 (2): 241-252, DOI: 10.1590/S1679-62252011000200001, URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000200001&lng=en&tlng=en
