taxonID	type	format	identifier	references	title	description	created	creator	contributor	publisher	audience	source	license	rightsHolder	datasetID
9E6C9FD1CEEB5B98B94D227D37B35ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1243859	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803.figure2	Figure 2. Images in life and in preservative of the holotype of Epipedobates currulao sp. nov. A full specimen in life B dorsal view in life C ventral view in life D lateral view in life E dorsal view in preservative (70 % ethanol) F ventral view in preservative G lateral view in preservative H dorsal hand in preservative I ventral hand in preservative J dorsal foot in preservative K ventral foot in preservative. Scale bars: 5 mm (B – G); 2.5 mm (H – K).	Figure 2. Images in life and in preservative of the holotype of Epipedobates currulao sp. nov. A full specimen in life B dorsal view in life C ventral view in life D lateral view in life E dorsal view in preservative (70 % ethanol) F ventral view in preservative G lateral view in preservative H dorsal hand in preservative I ventral hand in preservative J dorsal foot in preservative K ventral foot in preservative. Scale bars: 5 mm (B – G); 2.5 mm (H – K).	2025-02-06	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.		Zenodo	biologists	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.			
9E6C9FD1CEEB5B98B94D227D37B35ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1243860	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803.figure3	Figure 3. Images in life of Epipedobates currulao sp. nov. in comparison with close congeners and sympatric species A E. currulao sp. nov. from the type locality of Ladrilleros, Valle de Cauca, Colombia (ANDES: A: 5261; SVL = 20.0 mm; adult male; paratype) B E. narinensis from Biotopo, Nariño, Colombia (ANDES: A: 3704; 16.39 mm; adult male); C. Andinobates minutus from Ladrilleros, Valle de Cauca, Colombia (ANDES: A: 5266; 13 mm; sex not determined) D E. boulengeri from Isla Gorgona, Cauca, Colombia (individual not captured) E E. espinosai from Río Palenque, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador (individual not captured) F E. aff. espinosai from La Nutria, Nariño, Colombia (ANDES: A: 2476; 17.77 mm; sex not determined) G E. boulengeri from Maragrícola, Nariño, Colombia (ANDES: A: 2472; 18.96 mm; adult female) H A side-by-side image of E. boulengeri from Isla Gorgona (ANDES: A: 3695; 20.65 mm; adult female) and E. currulao sp. nov. from Pianguita, Valle de Cauca, Colombia (ANDES: A: 3690; 16.42 mm; adult female) demonstrating the large size difference between the two species. All images were taken by RDT except for A and C, which were taken by JCR. Photos are not to scale.	Figure 3. Images in life of Epipedobates currulao sp. nov. in comparison with close congeners and sympatric species A E. currulao sp. nov. from the type locality of Ladrilleros, Valle de Cauca, Colombia (ANDES: A: 5261; SVL = 20.0 mm; adult male; paratype) B E. narinensis from Biotopo, Nariño, Colombia (ANDES: A: 3704; 16.39 mm; adult male); C. Andinobates minutus from Ladrilleros, Valle de Cauca, Colombia (ANDES: A: 5266; 13 mm; sex not determined) D E. boulengeri from Isla Gorgona, Cauca, Colombia (individual not captured) E E. espinosai from Río Palenque, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador (individual not captured) F E. aff. espinosai from La Nutria, Nariño, Colombia (ANDES: A: 2476; 17.77 mm; sex not determined) G E. boulengeri from Maragrícola, Nariño, Colombia (ANDES: A: 2472; 18.96 mm; adult female) H A side-by-side image of E. boulengeri from Isla Gorgona (ANDES: A: 3695; 20.65 mm; adult female) and E. currulao sp. nov. from Pianguita, Valle de Cauca, Colombia (ANDES: A: 3690; 16.42 mm; adult female) demonstrating the large size difference between the two species. All images were taken by RDT except for A and C, which were taken by JCR. Photos are not to scale.	2025-02-06	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.		Zenodo	biologists	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.			
9E6C9FD1CEEB5B98B94D227D37B35ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1243861	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803.figure4	Figure 4. Habitat structure of Epipedobates currulao sp. nov. at two localities A – C images of the type locality at Ladrilleros, Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Usually, this species is found on roadsides near streams formed by rainfall D – F at the type locality, we observed frogs in habitats contaminated with garbage or agricultural waste. Note the frog in F (red circle) G – J habitat characteristics in Anchicayá, Dagua, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Images B, C, and E were taken by RDT, all others by MBC.	Figure 4. Habitat structure of Epipedobates currulao sp. nov. at two localities A – C images of the type locality at Ladrilleros, Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Usually, this species is found on roadsides near streams formed by rainfall D – F at the type locality, we observed frogs in habitats contaminated with garbage or agricultural waste. Note the frog in F (red circle) G – J habitat characteristics in Anchicayá, Dagua, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Images B, C, and E were taken by RDT, all others by MBC.	2025-02-06	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.		Zenodo	biologists	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.			
9E6C9FD1CEEB5B98B94D227D37B35ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1243862	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803.figure5	Figure 5. Phylogenetic position and genetic distances of E. currulao sp. nov. and other species of Epipedobates A species-level maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Epipedobates estimated in IQ-TREE 2 using two nuclear genes (BMP 2, H 3) and three mitochondrial gene fragments (CYTB, 12 S – 16 S, CR) (see Supp. material S 2 for full phylogeny). Node support values from 10,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates indicated strong support of E. currulao sp. nov. as the sister species of E. narinensis B matrix of mean pairwise p-distances within and among species of Epipedobates. The lower triangle distances are based on CYTB and the upper triangle distances are from 12 S – 16 S. Abbreviations: cur, E. currulao sp. nov.; nar, E. narinensis; bouN, E. boulengeri (Nariño, Colombia); bouG, E. boulengeri (Isla Gorgona, Cauca, Colombia); aesp, E. aff. espinosai; esp, E. espinosai; tri, E. tricolor; mac, E. machalilla; ant, E. anthonyi. See Supp. material 6 for full phylogeny.	Figure 5. Phylogenetic position and genetic distances of E. currulao sp. nov. and other species of Epipedobates A species-level maximum-likelihood phylogeny of Epipedobates estimated in IQ-TREE 2 using two nuclear genes (BMP 2, H 3) and three mitochondrial gene fragments (CYTB, 12 S – 16 S, CR) (see Supp. material S 2 for full phylogeny). Node support values from 10,000 ultrafast bootstrap replicates indicated strong support of E. currulao sp. nov. as the sister species of E. narinensis B matrix of mean pairwise p-distances within and among species of Epipedobates. The lower triangle distances are based on CYTB and the upper triangle distances are from 12 S – 16 S. Abbreviations: cur, E. currulao sp. nov.; nar, E. narinensis; bouN, E. boulengeri (Nariño, Colombia); bouG, E. boulengeri (Isla Gorgona, Cauca, Colombia); aesp, E. aff. espinosai; esp, E. espinosai; tri, E. tricolor; mac, E. machalilla; ant, E. anthonyi. See Supp. material 6 for full phylogeny.	2025-02-06	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.		Zenodo	biologists	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.			
9E6C9FD1CEEB5B98B94D227D37B35ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1243863	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803.figure6	Figure 6. Comparisons of SVL and advertisement call traits between E. currulao sp. nov. and other species of Epipedobates found in Colombia A snout-vent length (SVL) B peak frequency C call duration D number of pulses per call. Abbreviations: E. bou - Gor, E. boulengeri - Gorgona; E. bou - Nar, E. boulengeri - Nariño; E. nar, E. narinensis; and E. cur sp. nov., E. currulao sp. nov. Black points represent raw data, the horizontal bar shows the mean, the shaded diagram is a smoothed density curve showing the full data distribution, and the rectangle represents the uncertainty around the mean using a 95 % Bayesian highest density interval.	Figure 6. Comparisons of SVL and advertisement call traits between E. currulao sp. nov. and other species of Epipedobates found in Colombia A snout-vent length (SVL) B peak frequency C call duration D number of pulses per call. Abbreviations: E. bou - Gor, E. boulengeri - Gorgona; E. bou - Nar, E. boulengeri - Nariño; E. nar, E. narinensis; and E. cur sp. nov., E. currulao sp. nov. Black points represent raw data, the horizontal bar shows the mean, the shaded diagram is a smoothed density curve showing the full data distribution, and the rectangle represents the uncertainty around the mean using a 95 % Bayesian highest density interval.	2025-02-06	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.		Zenodo	biologists	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.			
9E6C9FD1CEEB5B98B94D227D37B35ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1243864	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803.figure7	Figure 7. Vocalizations in E. currulao sp. nov. and other species of Epipedobates. Spectrograms (above) and oscillograms (below) showing general aspects of the structure of one spontaneous advertisement call for one male of A E. currulao sp. nov. of Ladrilleros, Valle del Cauca B E. narinensis of Biotopo, Nariño C E. boulengeri - Gorgona (type locality) and D E. boulengeri - Nariño of Maragrícola, Nariño E spectrograms and oscillograms showing general aspects of the structure of one courtship call of E. currulao sp. nov. of Ladrilleros, Valle del Cauca F comparison of one advertisement call between E. currulao sp. nov. and other species of Epipedobates found in Colombia. Abbreviations: E. bou - Gor: E. boulengeri - Gorgona, E. bou - Nar: E. boulengeri - Nariño, E. nar: E. narinensis and E. cur sp. nov.: E. currulao sp. nov. Fast Fourier Transform-FFT = 256, overlap = 90 %.	Figure 7. Vocalizations in E. currulao sp. nov. and other species of Epipedobates. Spectrograms (above) and oscillograms (below) showing general aspects of the structure of one spontaneous advertisement call for one male of A E. currulao sp. nov. of Ladrilleros, Valle del Cauca B E. narinensis of Biotopo, Nariño C E. boulengeri - Gorgona (type locality) and D E. boulengeri - Nariño of Maragrícola, Nariño E spectrograms and oscillograms showing general aspects of the structure of one courtship call of E. currulao sp. nov. of Ladrilleros, Valle del Cauca F comparison of one advertisement call between E. currulao sp. nov. and other species of Epipedobates found in Colombia. Abbreviations: E. bou - Gor: E. boulengeri - Gorgona, E. bou - Nar: E. boulengeri - Nariño, E. nar: E. narinensis and E. cur sp. nov.: E. currulao sp. nov. Fast Fourier Transform-FFT = 256, overlap = 90 %.	2025-02-06	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.		Zenodo	biologists	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.			
9E6C9FD1CEEB5B98B94D227D37B35ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1243865	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803.figure8	Figure 8. Differences in the acoustic parameters of E. currulao sp. nov. compared to other species of Epipedobates found in Colombia A the relative contribution of each acoustic variable to the first five principal components obtained in the Principal Component Analysis. The absolute value of each contribution is represented according to the size of the circle, while blue and red colors show positive and negative contributions, respectively B a Linear Discriminant Analysis using PCs as input indicates E. currulao can be differentiated from other species based on their advertisement calls, particularly regarding call duration and number of pulses (PC 1 loads positively on LD 1). Dots indicate the individuals, color indicates the species, and ellipses indicate the 95 % confidence intervals for LDA data points.	Figure 8. Differences in the acoustic parameters of E. currulao sp. nov. compared to other species of Epipedobates found in Colombia A the relative contribution of each acoustic variable to the first five principal components obtained in the Principal Component Analysis. The absolute value of each contribution is represented according to the size of the circle, while blue and red colors show positive and negative contributions, respectively B a Linear Discriminant Analysis using PCs as input indicates E. currulao can be differentiated from other species based on their advertisement calls, particularly regarding call duration and number of pulses (PC 1 loads positively on LD 1). Dots indicate the individuals, color indicates the species, and ellipses indicate the 95 % confidence intervals for LDA data points.	2025-02-06	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.		Zenodo	biologists	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.			
9E6C9FD1CEEB5B98B94D227D37B35ABA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage	image/png	https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1243858	https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1226.123803.figure1	Figure 1. Map of research area. The southern half of the Pacific lowlands of Colombia, part of the Chocó biogeographical region, hosts at least three species of Epipedobates. One individual of Epipedobates aff. espinosai was found at La Nutria (not pictured). Photograph of the frog from Timbiquí (Fundación ProAves y la Reserva Ranita Terribilis) was obtained from iNaturalist (observation No. 135253843); other images were taken by the authors.	Figure 1. Map of research area. The southern half of the Pacific lowlands of Colombia, part of the Chocó biogeographical region, hosts at least three species of Epipedobates. One individual of Epipedobates aff. espinosai was found at La Nutria (not pictured). Photograph of the frog from Timbiquí (Fundación ProAves y la Reserva Ranita Terribilis) was obtained from iNaturalist (observation No. 135253843); other images were taken by the authors.	2025-02-06	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.		Zenodo	biologists	Betancourth-Cundar, Mileidy;Ríos-Orjuela, Juan Camilo;Crawford, Andrew J.;Cannatella, David C.;Tarvin, Rebecca D.			
