taxonID	type	description	language	source
9D6187DADD488960FCD0FD40FE7C7BE2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body with hindbody (meso-, metatho- rax + abdomen) swollen, often almost globular; forebody (head + prothorax) narrow when compared to hindbody. Head often noticeably elongate, extending well beyond antennal insertions, with long tempora, clypeofrontal area depressed to apex, lacking distinct rostrum, antennal tubercles prominent, rounded, positioned dorsal to anterior margin of eyes or dorsal to eyes; often with distinct apicolateral genal projections, may be reduced to small lobe, elongate thin setose lobe, or spinose projection; lacking lateral ocular-maxillary carinae, gula with median longitudinal impression with distinct to faint median carina / ridge; mandibles with single lateral seta (Euphalepsus, Phalespoides) or lacking lateral seta (Eupsenina); antenna geniculate; maxillary palpi typical in form but comparatively small, with four palpomeres. Mesoventral area: lateral mesoventral foveae small, widely separated, lacking median mesoventral fovea. Elytra lacking lateroapical cleft, area broadly rounded. Metacoxae contiguous / subcontiguous for Euphalepsus and Phalespoides, widely separate for Eupsenina, metacoxae flat except for short projection for trochanteral articulation, projection not prominent. Anterior tarsal claw on each leg small in Euphalepsus, very small and variably present for Phalespoides, absent for Eupsenina. Tergites lacking free paratergites, tergite 1 with inner and outer carinae at position of paratergite margins, tergites 1 – 3 and ventrites 2 – 4 subequal in length, abdomen approximately cylin- drical. Aedeagal form more similar to that of genera of Panaphantina, subtribe of Euplectitae. Sergei Kurbatov and Giorgio Sabella are working on this group, and commented earlier (Kurbatov and Sabella 2015) that the Baradina does not belong in the Brachyglutini, but did not place the subtribe elsewhere as further study was required for a decision based on a thorough analysis, a decision with which I certainly concur. Eupsenina is the odd member of the Baradina with widely separated metacoxae (analagous to Eupsenius), prominent apicolateral genal projections, geniculate antennae with the apical two antennomeres moderately setose, and antennomere XI long and thin, apex of XI sometimes penicillate (Fig. 13, undescribed Eupsenina species). The dorsum has sparse, short, appressed setae, and is further differentiated from Eupsenius on that basis and by the major differences of the head form (extended head lacking rostrum and the gular modifications).	en	Chandler, Donald S. (2023): The Eupsenius LeConte of North America and the Lesser Antilles with Notes on the Brachyglutini Subtribes Eupseniina Park and Baradina Park (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (3): 397-412, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-77.3.397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.3.397
9D6187DADD4F8960FE9CFD6EFEA17CCB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body moderately broad, with depressed abdomen, dorsum glabrous except for densely setose antennomeres IX – XI, XI usually over one-third antennal length. Head with broad, prominent antennal rostrum, frontoclypeus abruptly declivous at apex of rostrum; gula smoothly convex; with sharply defined ocular-maxillary lateral carinae; mandibles lacking lateral setae; maxillary palpi of usual size for Brachyglutini, with four palpomeres. Mesoventral area: lateral mesoventral foveae large, broadly meeting at middle, median mesoventral fovea short, wide, contacting lateral mesoventral foveae. Elytra with lateroapical cleft lacking, reduced to fold. Separation of metacoxae varying from contiguous to widely separated, apparently correlated with body size; metacoxa flat except for low projection that articulates with me- tatrochanter, projection not prominent. Anterior tarsal claw on each leg greatly reduced to lacking. Tergites 1 – 3 with associated paratergites, tergite 1 and ventrite 2 longest, each nearly as long as rest of abdomen. Aedeagus varying considerably in general form within the genus.	en	Chandler, Donald S. (2023): The Eupsenius LeConte of North America and the Lesser Antilles with Notes on the Brachyglutini Subtribes Eupseniina Park and Baradina Park (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (3): 397-412, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-77.3.397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.3.397
9D6187DADD4F8961FEA4FA1BFCB47873.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Body asetose except for certain ventral areas and appendages, glabrous and polished in dorsal view, apical three antennomeres densely setose; antennomere XI long and with apex bluntly pointed, one-third to nearly one-half of total antennal length; gular disc smoothly curved, lacking median longitudinal carina; ocular-maxillary carinae forming prominent lateral ridges of head venter; lacking proventral foveae; lateral antebasal foveae of pronotum punctiform or lacking, pronotal antebasal sulcus thin and weakly defined to partial- ly or completely lacking, position indicated by internal ridge. Generic Redescription. Body length 0.90 – 2.03; polished, glabrous in dorsal view, dense setae present on antennomeres IX – XI, maxillary palpi with dense, short setae, femora and tibiae with moderately dense, appressed, short (0.01 – 0.02) setae; anterior margin of mesoventrite with dense setae, distinct fringe on posterior margin of mesoventrite and on posterior margin of first abdominal ventrite. Head with deep dorsal tentorial pits, pits with short setae at bottom; postantennal notches small, lacking vertexal sulci; head base with median indentation variably distinct, with ocular-antennal, ocular-mandibular, and ocular-maxillary carinae present; gula with short median carina at anterior margin, gular disc convex; ventral tentorial pits small, widely separated. Antenna straight, not geniculate, with antennomeres III – VIII narrow, transverse, subequal in width, IX – X wider and transverse, IX – XI forming distinct club, XI elongate, varying from just more than one-third total antennal length to nearly half, slightly inflated medially. Maxillary palpi with second and third segments same width, fourth segments weakly securiform, widest at apical point of basal third. Prothorax with pronotal disc convex, lateral margins evenly curved to basal constriction in dorsal view, constricted portion about one-third total length, antebasal sulcus varying from lacking to weakly indicated, often only sulcate laterally, line of sulcus indicated by dark internal carina through width, smooth limited median antebasal impression usually present, lateral antebasal foveae either lacking or indicated by tiny pit. Lacking lateral carinae, pronotum smoothly merging with proventrite, lacking proventral foveae, with dense setal brush across proventrite in some Neotropical species. Elytron with two large, setose basal foveae, lacking discal striae, lacking subhumeral fovea and carina, lateroapical cleft reduced to fold. With large lateral mesoventral foveae meeting internally, short and broad median mesoventral fovea broadly meeting lateral mesoventral fovea, mesoventrite with prominent short median carina, with distinct setose fringe extending from posterior margin of mesoventrite; lateral mesocoxal fovea present, deep setose impression at anterior margin of metaventrite extending laterally; with single median metaventral fovea. Metaventrite large, with weak median sulcus on apical half. Legs with single tarsal claw, anterior claw lacking or small, pro- and mesofemur clavate, metafemur weakly clavate. Metacoxa with apex of trochanteral articulation slightly protruding, metacoxa otherwise flat. Abdominal tergites 1 – 3 with narrow paratergites distinct, tergite 1 with short discal striae, striae positioned at about one-third points, tergite 1 with distinct basolateral foveae, tergites 2 – 4 with shallow basolateral impressions, tergite 1 nearly as long as 2 – 5 together in dorsal view; ventrite 1 thin, with distinct posteriorly directed setal fringe, ventrite 2 with basomedial and basolateral foveae, ventrites 3 – 5 short, together about as long as 2, 6 nearly as long as 2. Male with seven ventrites, ventrite 7 transverse, small, easily overlooked; ventrite 6 with median impression that varies in depth / distinctness between species. North American species have two extreme forms for male genitalia: 1) strongly curved tube with simple apex, internal sac large, striate, obscuring apex; 2) less curved from base to broadly wid- ened and complexly shaped apex, internal sac not obscuring apex; intermediate or variant forms seen for some Central American species. Female with six ventrites, ventrite 6 with disc shallowly convex.	en	Chandler, Donald S. (2023): The Eupsenius LeConte of North America and the Lesser Antilles with Notes on the Brachyglutini Subtribes Eupseniina Park and Baradina Park (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (3): 397-412, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-77.3.397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.3.397
9D6187DADD4F8961FEA4FA1BFCB47873.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology / Collection Techniques. The majority of North American specimens have been taken by pas- sive collecting techniques such as light traps, flight intercept traps, and Malaise traps. The traditional active collecting technique for pselaphines is sifting followed by processing the reduced leaf and rotten wood litter using Berlese / Tullgren funnels. While large numbers of Eupsenius species have been taken from leaf litter samples in Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean island nations, such sampling in North America has been notably non-productive, though scattered specimens have been taken from a variety of different leaf litters or from “ forest litter ”. Tim King (Highland Lake, AL) has taken many individuals of E. dilatatus near his home by sifting / Berleseing forest litter and using window and ultraviolet light traps.	en	Chandler, Donald S. (2023): The Eupsenius LeConte of North America and the Lesser Antilles with Notes on the Brachyglutini Subtribes Eupseniina Park and Baradina Park (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (3): 397-412, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-77.3.397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.3.397
9D6187DADD46896AFCABFD33FCAD7FB8.taxon	description	(Figs. 5, 10, 14)	en	Chandler, Donald S. (2023): The Eupsenius LeConte of North America and the Lesser Antilles with Notes on the Brachyglutini Subtribes Eupseniina Park and Baradina Park (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (3): 397-412, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-77.3.397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.3.397
9D6187DADD46896AFCABFD33FCAD7FB8.taxon	description	combined 0.14 long; ventrite 6 with faint circular impression covering medial third, extending from base to apex of ventrite. Aedeagus (Fig. 5) tube-like, shaft curved 180 °, in lateral view with dorsal left apex with digitiform projection. Female. Ventrite 6 shallowly and evenly convex, disc moderately punctate. Variation. Body lengths range from 0.95 – 1.13 long, and 0.43 – 0.49 for maximum width across elytra. Males are typically at the short end and females at the long end of this range, but in larger series these generalizations fail. Specimens from islands such as St. Lucia, Martinique, and Guadaloupe tend to be smaller in body size, while those from Barbados and St. Vincent tend to be larger based on the specimens seen for this study; body yellow-brown to brown. Specimens Examined (136). BARBADOS. Saint Andrew Parish: Gregg Farm Gully, 13 ° 13.1 ′, 59 ° 35.7 ′, 240 m, V- 30 - 2006, sift forest litter, 06 - 66 (4 F, DSC); 15 ° 13.1 ′, 61 ° 35.7 ′, 242 m, V- 29 - 2006, forest UV light, 06 - 65 (F, UNHC); 13 ° 13.1 ′, 59 ° 35.7 ′, 240 m, V- 30 - 2006, sift forest litter, 06 - 66 (M, 3 F, DSC); 14 ° 13.1 ′, 60 ° 35.7 ′, 241 m, V- 28 - 2006, forest litter sifting, 06 - 62 (2 F, UNHC), all S. and J. Peck, forest FIT. Turners Hall Woods, 13.241, − 59.5805, 200 m, VIII- 16 / 28 - 2005, # 07.05 (10, DSC); 13 ° 14.46 ′, 59 ° 34.83 ′, 200 m, VIII- 16 / 28 - 2005, FITraps forest, 05 - 30 (10, DSC), S. and J. Peck, forest FIT trap. Saint George Parish: Bulkeley House, V- 4 - 1968, E. J. Pearce, rotting grass (F, FMNH). Saint John Parish: Codrington College, VII- 17 - 1958, rotten wood (M, FMNH); VIII- 5 - 1960, leaf mould (2 F, FMNH); VIII- 5 - 1960, leaf mould (M, 3 F, FMNH); VII- 19 - 1963, rotten palm log (F, FMNH); VII- 12 - 1960, dead leaves (M, FMNH); VIII- 17 - 1963, dead leaves (M, FMNH); VII- 23 - 1963, leaf mold (M, FMNH); VII- 11 - 1963 (M, FMNH), all E. J. Pearce, dead leaves. Saint Michael Parish: Bishops Court, VI- 28 - 1960, E. J. Pearce, rotten figs (?) (F, FMNH). Codrington House, XI- 24 - 1959, rotten banana sifting (F, FMNH); XI- 24 - 1959, E. J. Pearce, garden (M, FMNH). Jack-in-Box Gully, 13 ° 11 ′, 59 ° 34.3 ′, 230 m, VI- 1 - 2006, leaf litter, 06 - 72 (M, DSC); 13 ° 11 ′, 59 ° 34.3 ′, 230 m, VI- 1 - 2006, leaf litter, 06 - 72 (4 M, 2 F, DSC); 13.1833, − 59.5716, 230 m, VI- 5 / 23 - 2007 (4 M, 4 F, DSC), all S. and J. Peck, forest FIT # 07.02. DOMINICA. Springfield Estate, Mt. Joy House, N 15 ° 20.841 ′, W 61 ° 22.000 ′, 400 m, V- 31 / VI- 16 - 2004, S. and J. Peck, wet montane forest, FITrap 04 - 89 (F, DSC). GRENADA. St. Andrew Parish: Mirabeau Agricul. Laboratory, XI- 15 - 1990, A. Thomas, lt. trap (M, DSC). St. John Parish: Gouyave, IV- 25 - 1962, E. J. Pearce, banana stalks (F, FMNH). GUADELOUPE. Basse-Terre: PN Guad., Maison de le Forêt, 16.1769, − 61.6939, V- 14 / 31 - 2012, S. Peck, wet forest FIT, 12 - 24 (F, DSC). Pigeon, Trace Poirier, 16 ° 08.83 ′, 61 ° 45.22 ′, 350 m, V- 14 / 31 - 2012, S. Peck, humid forest FIT, 12.22 (M, 2 F, DSC). Piton de Ste. - Rose, 16.33166, − 61.76206, 320 m, V- 26 - 2012, R. S. Anderson, deciduous forest litter, 2012 - 148 (2, DSC). Rd. above Village, Trace de Cretes, 16 ° 06.80 ′, 61 ° 44.56 ′, 620 m, V- 26 - 2012, S. Peck, wet forest, uv trap, 12 - 35 (F, UNHC). Riviere Sens, Sentler Houlement, 15 ° 58.93 ′, 61 ° 41.62 ′, 80 m, V- 19 / 31 - 2012, S. Peck, humid forest FIT, 12.29 B (M, 2 F, DSC). MARTINIQUE. 1 km E Diamant, 14.47833, − 61.01, 10 m, VII- 7 / 23 - 2010, S. Peck, thorn forest, FITrap # 10.51 (M, DSC). 2 km NW Diamond (Diamant), 14.49, − 61.04166, 80 m, VII- 8 / 23 - 2010, S. Peck, thorn forest, FITrap # 10.53 (2 M, F, DSC). 5 km SE Le Marin, Forêt Creve Coeur, 14 ° 27.05 ′, 60 ° 50.91 ′, 35 m, VII- 10 / 28 - 2012, S. Peck, dry forest, FIT 12 - 50 (F, DSC). ST. LUCIA. Prweaslin (Praslin?), 13.8817, − 60.8917, 50 m, VII- 11 / 28 - 2007, S. and J. Peck, FITrap # 07.56 (10, DSC). ST. VINCENT. Emerald Valley Hotel, Buccament, 13.2, − 61.23, 20 m, VI- 10 / 20 - 2007, S. and J. Peck, FITrap # 07.14 (M, DSC). US VIRGIN ISLANDS. St. Croix: Est. Butler Bay, Sugar Factory ruins, IX- 29 / 30 - 1987, M. A. Ivie, litter under tamarind (3 M, F, MSUC). Estate Butler’s Bay, XI- 7 - 1992, M. A. Ivie, in ruins (M, MSUC). Estate Fountain, 340 ′, I- 7 - 1993, D. S. Sikes, site # 115 (M, F, MSUC); III- 23 / IV- 20 - 1993 (M, F, MSUC); VII- 19 / VIII- 23 - 1993, J. Keularts, flt. inter. trap # 15 (3 M, MSUC); 350 ′, V- 19 / VI- 18 - 1993 (2 M, 2 F, MSUC); I- 5 / 23 - 1993 (3 M, MSUC); VI- 18 / VII- 19 - 1993 (5 M, 5 F, MSUC); IV- 20 / V- 19 - 1993 (M, F, MSUC), all J. Keularts, flt. inter. trap # 15. Estate North Hall, Creque Gut, 100 ′, I- 6 / II- 23 - 1993, J. Keularts, flt. inter. trap # 8 (F, MSUC). Estate North Star, 60 ′, XI- 15 / XII- 18 - 1992 (F, MSUC); V- 19 / VI- 18 1993 (F, MSUC), IV- 20 / V- 19 - 1993 (M, 2 F, MSUC), all J. Keularts, flt. inter. trap # 7. St. Thomas: Estate St. Peter, ca. 1,400 ′, I- 4 / VI- 30 - 1993, C. Hayes, uv light (2 M, MSUC). Magens Bay Swamp, VIII- 5 - 1980, M. A. Ivie, rotten kapok log (M, MSUC).	en	Chandler, Donald S. (2023): The Eupsenius LeConte of North America and the Lesser Antilles with Notes on the Brachyglutini Subtribes Eupseniina Park and Baradina Park (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (3): 397-412, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-77.3.397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.3.397
9D6187DADD46896AFCABFD33FCAD7FB8.taxon	distribution	Distribution (Fig. 14). Taken from eight island nations that represent the length of the Lesser Antilles. The few specimens examined from the Greater Antilles (the Dominican Republic and Cuba) were not members of E. politus nor any of the North American species.	en	Chandler, Donald S. (2023): The Eupsenius LeConte of North America and the Lesser Antilles with Notes on the Brachyglutini Subtribes Eupseniina Park and Baradina Park (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (3): 397-412, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-77.3.397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.3.397
9D6187DADD46896AFCABFD33FCAD7FB8.taxon	discussion	Comments. Photos of three syntypes of E. gracilis were also examined: // Grenada, W. I., H. H. Smith. 124 / Antilles Grenade / E. gracilis A. Raffray det. / MUSÉUM PARIS 1917 COLL. A. RAFFRAY / [red label] TYPE / [red label] SYNTYPE / MNHN, Paris EC 19774 //. Second and third specimens lacking the first label. They are similar in appearance to the one male examined from Grenada, which is a member of E. politus.	en	Chandler, Donald S. (2023): The Eupsenius LeConte of North America and the Lesser Antilles with Notes on the Brachyglutini Subtribes Eupseniina Park and Baradina Park (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 77 (3): 397-412, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-77.3.397, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-77.3.397
