identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9D04A246FFE9FFBEFF1FFB7257BD0E54.text	9D04A246FFE9FFBEFF1FFB7257BD0E54.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alterosa araras Novais & Dumas & Nessimian 2019	<div><p>Alterosa araras, new species</p><p>(Figs. 2 A‑2D)</p><p>Diagnosis: Alterosa araras sp.nov. clearly belongs to guapimirim group, as defined by Blahnik (2005), and shares many similarities with A. guapimirim Blahnik (2005) and A. orgaosensis Blahnik (2005) . All of them have a similarly developed, bulbously enlarged tergum X, with a basolateral projection; similar preanal appendages with a cupped apex bearing a spine-like seta; and similarly shaped inferior appendages, with second articles much shorter than the first. The new species resembles A. guapimirim in having sclerotized intermediate appendages, with several spines apically, but they are shorter and less developed in A. araras sp. nov. than in A. guapimirim . Alterosa araras sp. nov. also resembles A. orgaosensis in the shape of the preanal appendages, which are thinner in both species, as viewed laterally, than those of A. guapimirim . However, in the new species they have an extra stout, spine-like seta at midlength, absent in both A. orgaosensis and A. guapimirim . Additionally, A. araras sp. nov. can be distinguished from both by the general shape of tergum X, especially by its much more well-developed basolateral projection.</p><p>Description: Adult: Color (in alcohol) golden-brown; legs, palps, and antennae pale-brown, forewing color pattern not discernible. Male forewings 7.20 mm (n = 10; holotype = 7.20 mm). Maxillary palps 5-articulated; 2 nd article with elongate setae at apicomesal portion; 3 rd article about 2x length of 2 nd; 5 th article elongate, about 2.5x length of 3 rd. Head setal warts well-developed, frontal setal warts large, rounded; anteromesal setal warts laterally fused to anterior setal wart, M-shaped; posterior setal wart subtriangular; posterolateral setal warts large, robust and about ovoid. Tibial spurs formula: 2-4-4. Wing venation typical for the genus; forewings with forks I-V present, discoidal and thyridial cells similar in length; hind wings with forks I-III and V presents.</p><p>Male genitalia: Tergum VIII posteromesal margin with a shallow U-shaped emargination/incision. Sternum IX with anterolateral margin forming a moderately rounded projection in dorsal half; posteroventral margin slightly produced, forming broadly rounded expansion (Fig. 2A). Tergum IX reduced,forming a mesal projection over base of tergum X, projection prominent, apex subtruncate in lateral view and rounded, subspatulate as viewed dorsally (Fig. 2B). Tergum X with lateral margins sinuous in lateral view, subparallel as viewed dorsally, apex rounded and sensillate, forming greatly enlarged expansion in apical half as viewed laterally; dorsally with longitudinal mesal ridge, well-developed and slightly crenulated as viewed laterally (Figs. 2A, 2B); tergum basolaterally with well-developed setose projection, foot-like, placed in a large, sclerotized concave depression (Figs. 2A, 2B). Intermediate appendages about half length of preanal appendages, rod-like, strongly sclerotized; apex with several apical spines (Figs. 2A, 2B). Preanal appendages elongate, narrow and mesally curved; apex and mesal portion both with a single spine-like seta in a concavity (left appendage with an extra subapical small spinelike seta in holotype) (Figs. 2A, 2B). Inferior appendages setose, elongate, about linear, flattened on mesal surface; first article, laterally, approximately 2 times as long as wide; second article shorter than first (less than half length), base narrower than apex of first article, slightly constricted mesally, apex rounded with prominent pad of short, stiff apicomesal setae (Figs. 2A, 2C). Phallobase elongate and tubular, strongly curved near middle; endotheca with paired spines – 2 apical pairs and 1 basal pair very large and curved – and 2 isolated spines.</p><p>Holotype male: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Petrópolis, Araras, REBIO <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.260387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.437166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.260387/lat -22.437166)">Araras</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.260387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.437166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.260387/lat -22.437166)">Rio Araras</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.260387&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.437166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.260387/lat -22.437166)">Trilha do Caneco</a> (ponte), 22°26’13.8”S, 43°15’37.4”W, 17.xi-13.xii.2018, 1,086 m, C Novais, LL Dumas, JL Nessimian &amp; AA Alves leg. (DZRJ).</p><p>Paratypes: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: same data as holotype, 4 males (DZRJ); same locality as holotype, 20.iii-13.iv.2018, C Novais, LL Dumas, JL Nessimian &amp; ALD Ferreira leg., 2 males (DZRJ); same locality as holotype, 13.iv-07.v.2018, C Novais, LL Dumas, JL Nessimian &amp; ALH Oliveira leg., 1 male (DZRJ); Petrópolis, Araras, REBIO Araras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.26047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.437721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.26047/lat -22.437721)">Rio Araras</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.26047&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.437721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.26047/lat -22.437721)">Trilha do Caneco</a> (acima da captação de água), 22°26’15.8”S, 43°15’37.7”W, 13.iv.2018, 1,104 m, C Novais, LL Dumas, JL Nessimian &amp; ALD Ferreira leg., 1 male (DZRJ) ; Petrópolis, Araras, REBIO Araras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.26136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.438639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.26136/lat -22.438639)">Rio Araras</a>, trilha da represa (pequena cachoeira acima da gruta), 22°26’19.1”S, 43°15’40.9”W, 13.xii.2018, 1,124 m, AA Alves leg., 5 males (DZRJ) ; Petrópolis, Araras, REBIO Araras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.26136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.438639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.26136/lat -22.438639)">Rio Araras</a>, trilha da represa (pequena cachoeira acima da gruta), 22°26’19.1”S, 43°15’40.9”W, 14.xii.2018, 1,124 m, C Novais, LL Dumas, JL Nessimian &amp; AA Alves leg., 11 males (DZRJ) ; Petrópolis, Araras, REBIO Araras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.261776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.438889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.261776/lat -22.438889)">Rio Araras</a>, trilha da represa (represa), 22°26’20.0”S, 43°15’42.4”W, 14.xii.2018, 1,123 m, C Novais, LL Dumas, JL Nessimian &amp; AA Alves leg., 2 males (DZRJ) .</p><p>Distribution: Brazil (RJ).</p><p>Etymology: The new species is named araras (a noun in apposition) in allusion to the Reserva Biológica de Araras, a beautiful Atlantic Forest reserve where the types specimens were collected.</p><p>Remarks: Alterosa araras sp. nov. is very similar and probably closely related to A. guapimirim and A. orgaosensis . Blahnik (2005) in the original descriptions of A. guapimirim and A. orgaosensis claimed that it is possible that the two species may eventually prove to be not specifically distinct.We therefore carefully examined and compared A. araras sp. nov. with the holotypes of previous described species, which are deposited in Museu de Zoologia de São Paulo (MZSP), choosing describe it as a new species. The new species can be recognized based on morphology of male genital structure, as discussed above. We think that these species represent a species complex, possibly contemporaneously diverged. However, further studies using analysis of DNA sequence may be useful in determining whether they form a species complex or whether they are a single polymorphic species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D04A246FFE9FFBEFF1FFB7257BD0E54	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Novais, Christina;Dumas, Leandro Lourenço;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz	Novais, Christina, Dumas, Leandro Lourenço, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz (2019): Two new species and a new distributional record of Alterosa (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from southeastern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59: 1-7, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.52
9D04A246FFEDFFBEFF07FE5253DF0B14.text	9D04A246FFEDFFBEFF07FE5253DF0B14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alterosa cornuta Novais & Dumas & Nessimian 2019	<div><p>Alterosa cornuta, new species</p><p>(Figs. 3 A‑3D)</p><p>Diagnosis: Alterosa cornuta sp. nov. is distinctive within the genus and cannot be easily placed in any of the species groups defined by Blahnik (2005). However, the new species share similarities with A. guapimirim Blahnik (2005) and A. orgaosensis Blahnik (2005), regarding the general structure of the inferior appendages, with first article less than half length of the second. Alterosa cornuta sp. nov. is easily diagnosed by the overall shape of the intermediate appendages with the apical half hornshaped and crossing each other over the apical half of tergum X, with each appendage slightly turned ventrad. Additionally, the inferior appendages each have a row of large spine-like setae on the inner margins that decrease in size to the base, which is also asymmetric on the right and left sides. Also, the endotheca has a tongue-like spinous plate, that differs from all others species of the genus.</p><p>Description: Adult: Color (in alcohol) golden-brown; legs, palps, and antennae pale-brown, forewing color pattern not discernible. Male forewings 6.24-7.20 mm (n = 6; holotype = 6.40 mm). Maxillary palps 5-articulated; 2 nd article with elongate setae at apicomesal portion; 3 rd article about 2x length of 2 nd; 5 th article elongate, about 3.5x length of 3 rd. Head setal warts well-developed, frontal setal warts large, rounded; anteromesal setal warts laterally fused to anterior setal wart M-shaped; posterior setal wart rounded; posterolateral setal warts large, robust and about ovoid.Tibial spurs formula: 2-4-4. Wing venation typical for the genus; forewings with forks I-V present, discoidal and thyridial cells similar in length; hind wings with forks I-III and V present.</p><p>Male genitalia: Tergum VIII with posteromesal margin rounded, not emarginate. Sternum IX with anterolateral margin moderately rounded; posteroventral margin sinuous, slightly produced; anterior submarginal tergal apodeme well-developed (Fig. 3A). Tergum IX greatly reduced, membranous or fused to base of tergum X (Fig. 3A). Tergum X subtriangular in lateral and dorsal views, bent ventrad, tapering to apex (Figs. 3A, 3B); laterally with a mesal triangular dorsal projection on the basal third, apex subacute (Fig. 3A); in dorsal view strongly tapering to apex from apical half, apex rounded (Fig. 3B). Intermediate appendages sclerotized, very elongate, base large, trapezoidal, horn-shaped, between 4-5 times longer than preanal appendages, with a hookshaped mark ventrobasally; both slightly turned ventrad and crossing each other over the apical half of the tergum X (Figs. 3A, 3B). Preanal appendages moderately elongate, club-shaped, covered with small setae; apex rounded (Figs. 3A, 3B). Inferior appendages elongate, linear, flattened on mesal surface; first articles, laterally, approximately 2 times as long as wide, each ventrally with a row of large spine-like setae on inner margins, setae decreasing in size to base (asymmetric in right and left sides); second article shorter than first (less than half length), base narrower than apex of first article, slightly constricted mesally; apex rounded with prominent pad of short, stiff apicomesal setae (Figs. 3A, 3C). Phallobase tubular, moderately elongate, with slight curvature near apex; endotheca with a large sclerotized spinous plate, tongue-like, resembling a molluscan radula (Fig. 3D).</p><p>Holotype male: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: Rio Bonito, Lavras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.60122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.661222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.60122/lat -22.661222)">Rio Bacaxá</a>, acima do Poço das Andorinhas, 22°39’40.4”S, 42°36’04.4”W, 22.x. 2017, 267 m, LL Dumas &amp; JL Nessimian leg. (DZRJ).</p><p>Paratypes: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: same data as holotype, 3 males, 2 females (DZRJ).</p><p>Distribution: Brazil (RJ).</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet of this species comes from the Latin word cornuta (horn), in allusion to the horn-shaped intermediate appendages.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D04A246FFEDFFBEFF07FE5253DF0B14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Novais, Christina;Dumas, Leandro Lourenço;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz	Novais, Christina, Dumas, Leandro Lourenço, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz (2019): Two new species and a new distributional record of Alterosa (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from southeastern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59: 1-7, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.52
9D04A246FFEDFFBEFC70FB52523909D4.text	9D04A246FFEDFFBEFC70FB52523909D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Alterosa falcata Blahnik 2005	<div><p>Alterosa falcata Blahnik (2005)</p><p>Although most species of the genus Alterosa have fairly restricted distributions in pristine Atlantic Forest streams, A. falcata Blahnik (2005) can be considered one of the few exceptions. Originally described from several locations in Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states (Blahnik, 2005), its distribution was extended to other areas of these states (Dumas et al., 2009; Dumas &amp; Nessimian, 2012). Herein, we record this species for the first time from Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil.</p><p>Material examined: BRAZIL: Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa, EB de Santa Lucia, afluente de 1ª ordem do Rio Timbui, 19°57’57.2”S, 40°32’16.4”W, 21.iii. 2013, 653 m, LL Dumas &amp; JL Nessimian leg., 1 male (DZRJ).</p><p>Distribution: Brazil (RJ, SP, MG, ES [new record]).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9D04A246FFEDFFBEFC70FB52523909D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Novais, Christina;Dumas, Leandro Lourenço;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz	Novais, Christina, Dumas, Leandro Lourenço, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz (2019): Two new species and a new distributional record of Alterosa (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from southeastern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 59: 1-7, DOI: 10.11606/1807-0205/2019.59.52
