taxonID	type	description	language	source
9C479E6BFFF3FFD6FDF1F7CDFD35FCF9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Andromma resembles Hortipes Bosselaers & Ledoux, 1998 by the peculiar retina of the AMEs which, as seen from above, is only visible in the median half of these eyes. It differs from it by the absence of a metatarsal sensory array on the legs I and II (Bosselaers & Jocqué 2000; Ramirez 2014: 118), by the smaller number of ventral spine pairs on the tibia and metatarsus I and II, by the flat carapace, which is not elevated in the thoracic region, and by the absence of a median apophysis on the male bulbus. Andromma also resembles the equally myrmecophilous Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 in general somatic aspect, but differs from it by the absence of an anterior epigynal hood, by the smaller copulatory opening, by the absence of spermathecae II, by the complex, bipartite RTA of the male palp, and by the longer embolus. It differs from Cybaeodes by the bipartite RTA, and by the absence of enlarged piriform gland spigots on the ALS of males, and from Paratus Simon, 1898 by the flat carapace, by the shorter and less numerous ventral spine pairs on the tibia and metatarsus I and II, and by the absence of dorsal guanine spots on the abdomen. Andromma differs from Liocraninae in general by the absence of rows of large and erectile bristles with special basal sockets in the ventral scopulae of tibia, metatarsus and tarsus of legs I – III (Ubick & Platnick 1991: 2).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFF3FFD6FDF1F7CDFD35FCF9.taxon	description	Description Translation of original Latin description of Simon (1893: 390) Cephalothorax short and oval, rather convex, without fovea. Four eyes in a straight transverse line, the medians of medium size, the laterals small, minute in males. Clypeus about twice as high as diameter of median eyes. Strong chelicerae with a robust and long fang. Labium much wider than long, transversely semicircular and hardly reaching the middle of the endites. Endites broad and short, not much longer than wide, very blunt, inclined, not curved or transversely grooved. Sternum convex, broadly heartshaped, wider than long. Posterior coxae widely spaced. Leg formula 4123. Legs rather short, tarsi long and hardly shorter than metatarsi, the anterior ones slightly fusiform. Tarsi hardly scopulated, but with dense claw tufts. Tarsal claws shiny and slender, with a series of 5 – 6 teeth reaching to the apex. Anterior lateral spinnerets closely spaced, longer than posterior medians. Posterior lateral spinnerets also longer than medians, their apical segment at least ⅓ shorter than basal one (Fig. 2 F – G). Additional description data In the remainder of the text, Simon (1893: 387 – 389) elaborated on the differences between Andromma and Cybaeodes or Cithaeron O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872 (erroneously spelled Cythaeron in the text). This allows us to infer the following additional characteristics: legs reddish brown, spineless, tarsal claw tufts consisting of tenent hairs (Forster 1970: 18; Ubick & Vetter 2005: 69, 71). Anterior lateral spinnerets rather small and cylindrical, separated at the base by their diameter. Posterior median spinnerets of similar shape, as long as anterior laterals or longer. Posterior lateral spinnerets a bit thicker than anterior laterals and slightly more widely separated, resulting in a trapezoidal spinneret area, which is narrower anteriorly, contrary to the situation in gnaphosids, except the Micaria group (Murphy 2007). Posterior lateral spinnerets consisting of two segments, the apical one conical and at least one third shorter than the basal one. Female palp rather long, tibia much longer than patella, tarsus a bit longer than tibia and slightly fusiform. Male palpal tibia somewhat shorter than patella, with a bifid apophysis: a hook-shaped retrolateral apophysis (RTA) and a thicker ventral apophysis (VTA) with an anterior cavity. Simon also mentions a small tibial prolateral tooth, but we were unable to observe that in any of the species examined. Palpal tarsus longer than patella and tibia together, oval, large, convex, with a tip that largely exceeds the convex, simple bulbus. Abdomen covered in greyish silky hairs.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFF3FFD6FDF1F7CDFD35FCF9.taxon	discussion	Remarks on original description Simon’s original description understandably is solely based on the only species known to him at the time, A. aethiopicum. Unfortunately, this species is one of the least representative for the genus as a whole. The following four corrections are important to note: 1. While some species of Andromma have a sternum that is as wide as long (e. g., female of A. deogratias sp. nov., A. bouvieri and A. ghesquierei sp. nov.), the sternum is longer than wide in most species of Andromma known to date. Andromma aethiopicum, A. anacardium sp. nov. and the female of A. raffrayi are the only species within the genus with a sternum that is clearly wider than long. 2. Most species of Andromma have eight eyes. The only other species with significant eye reduction are A. albinovani sp. nov. and A. deogratias sp. nov. (Fig. 2 A – B). 3. Most species of Andromma have at least some leg spines. 4. Andromma does have a thoracic fovea, as our habitus photographs show (Figs 20 A, 22 A, 30 A). In very pale specimens, it may be difficult to see (Fig. 5 A). 5. In his French description, Simon (1893: 388) refers to the claw tufts as “ denses et formés de poils claviformes nombreux ”. However, careful observation shows that these hairs are not clavate. To the above can be added that the AMEs of Andromma are oriented divergently. As a consequence, the retina of the AMEs which, as seen from above, is only visible in the median half of these eyes. (Fig. 2 A – E). Such AMEs are also present in Hortipes (Bosselaers & Jocqué 2000: figs 1 – 2), Attacobius Mello-Leitão, 1925 (Corinnidae) (Platnick & Baptista 1995: figs 7 – 8), Piabuna Chamberlin & Ivie, 1933 (Phrurolithidae) (Bosselaers & Jocqué 2002: fig. 2 f; Chamberlin & Ivie 1933: fig. 122), Orthobula Simon, 1897 (Trachelidae) (Marusik et al. 2013: figs 1 – 2) and Paratus (Liocranidae) (Marusik et al. 2008: fig. 4), and others (Bosselaers & Jocqué 2002: table 1). Furthermore, the male palp has a tibial apophysis split into a ventral (VTA) and retrolateral (RTA) part as well as a globular bulbus without median apophysis (Figs 4 E – F, 6 D – E). The epigyne presents conspicuous copulatory openings in most species (Figs 5 C – D, 9 C – D) and the vulva generally has more or less globular spermathecae (Figs 25 C – F, 30 E – F). The spermathecae have short, tubular fertilisation ducts running in posterior direction. These fertilisation ducts are accompanied by a sickle-shaped sclerite (Sss) oriented laterally or posteriorly (Fig. 7 D; Ledoux & Canard 1991: fig. 36). Such sclerites should not be confounded with fertilisation ducts; they are commonly found in dionycha, e. g., in many Gnaphosidae (Grimm 1985), Apostenus Westring, 1851 (Liocranidae) (Grimm 1986), Arabelia Bosselaers, 2009 (Liocranidae) (Bosselaers 2009), Cheiracanthium Wagner, 1887 (Cheiracanthiidae) (Bosselaers 2013), Cteniogaster Bosselaers & Jocqué, 2013 (Liocranidae) (Bosselaers & Jocqué 2013), Heser Tuneva, 2004 (Gnaphosidae) (Bosselaers 2010), Hortipes Bosselaers & Ledoux, 1998 (Corinnidae) (Bosselaers & Jocqué 2000), Metatrachelas Bosselaers & Bosmans, 2010 (Trachelidae) (Bosselaers & Bosmans 2010), Paratrachelas Kovblyuk & Nadolny, 2009 (Trachelidae) (Bosselaers et al. 2009), Rhaeboctesis Simon, 1897 (Liocranidae) (Bosselaers & Jocqué 2002), and Trachelas L. Koch, 1872 (Trachelidae) (Bosselaers et al. 2009). However, these sclerites are never explicitly mentioned in the literature. Engelhardt (1910: 73, fig. 25) and Osterloh (1922: 386, fig. 36) mention sclerotised beams in the vulvae of Platnickina tincta (Walckenaer, 1802) and Allagelena gracilens (C. L. Koch, 1841) respectively, but these structures do not correspond to the sickle-shaped sclerites mentioned here.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFFFFDCFD97F31FFECFFA21.taxon	description	Figs 3 – 5, 38	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFFFFDCFD97F31FFECFFA21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Andromma aethiopicum differs from all other known species of Andromma by the complete absence of posterior median eyes in both males and females, by the RTA which is close to that of A. albinovani sp. nov. but differs from it by being bifid in ventral view and hooked in retrolateral view, and by the widely separated transversely oval copulatory openings.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFFFFDCFD97F31FFECFFA21.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Lectotype (here designated) ETHIOPIA • ♂; Agaos; M. A. Raffray leg.; MNHN AR 1678. Paralectotype ETHIOPIA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for lectotype; MNHN AR 1678.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFFFFDCFD97F31FFECFFA21.taxon	description	Description The specimens are completely bleached and the description is therefore restricted to some essential details; limits of secondary eyes, chilum, spines and clypeal setae are invisible. The translation of the original Latin description of Simon (1893) and his drawings are provided. Translation of original description Cephalothorax yellowish orange, smooth and hairless. Anterior median eyes black, with black margin. Abdomen short, ovate, dorsum pale grey, with many yellowish dots, venter pale with epigastric area yellow, slightly coriaceous. Sternum, mouthparts and legs bright yellow, labium darker. Palp pale yellow with extremities somewhat darker; femur fairly long, narrow and almost straight; patella almost twice as long as wide; tibia slightly shorter than patella, somewhat tapering, provided with a minute distal prolateral tooth and a retrolateral dark, very sharp apophysis, which is hooked at the tip. Ventrally a subspherical apophysis, which is anteriorly concave and ridged. Tarsus longer than tibia plus patella, rounded at base, with tapered, fairly long tip, widely surpassing bulbus. Female similar to male, but dorsum of abdomen darker. Palp fairly long, tibia much longer than patella, tarsus slightly longer and thicker than tibia. Epigyne a fairly large, transversely oval, reddish and shiny area, on either side with large subcircular shallow depression. Original Latin text: Simon (1893: 390). Additional description data Male (lectotype, Fig. 4) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.05. Carapace length 1.35, width 1.07, height 0.71. COLOUR (Fig. 4 A – B). Entirely pale. EYES. Only the AMEs are visible. AME 0.08, AME – AME: 0.02. Clypeus vertical, 0.08. Sternum 0.50 long, 0.71 wide. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 0.92; P: 0.36; T: 0.85; Mt: 0.78; t: 0.64; total: 3.55. LEG FORMULA. 4123. MALE PALP (Fig. 4 C – F). VTA and RTA hook-shaped: RTA a deeply incised hook, VTA with swollen base, tip tapered, turned in anterior direction (Fig. 4 D). Embolus originating prolaterally on base of tegulum, slender, with curved tip accompanied by small membranous conductor (Fig. 4 F). Sperm duct surfacing at two spots retrolaterally in tegulum (Fig. 4 D, F). Female (paralectotype, Fig. 5) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.77. Carapace length 1.28, width 0.99, height 0.71. COLOUR (Fig. 5 A – B). Entirely pale. EYES. Anterior eyes visible, posterior eyes absent; AME 0.10,; AME – AME: 0.02. Clypeus vertical, 0.10, Sternum 0.71 long, 0.85 wide. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 0.99; P: 0.43; T: 0.85; Mt: 0.85; t: 0.71; total: 3.83. EPIGYNE (Fig. 5 C – D). A wide rectangular sclerotised area; oval copulatory openings separated by three times their short axis; internal structure vaguely visible in transparency.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFFFFDCFD97F31FFECFFA21.taxon	distribution	Distribution The type locality ‘ Agaos’ could not be found; the spot on the distribution map (Fig. 38) is in Central Ethiopia.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFBFFDFFDCFF265FC28FBAE.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 6 B 4 EC 288 - 9991 - 446 D-BB 13 - 0 DA 253 E 4 AAF 6 Figs 6 – 7, 39	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFBFFDFFDCFF265FC28FBAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of Andromma albinovani sp. nov. is characterized by the shape of the VTA and RTA being simpler than in all other species of Andromma except A. aethiopicum, and the female by the epigyne with tubular structures visible in transparency and comma-shaped copulatory openings.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFBFFDFFDCFF265FC28FBAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a patronym as a tribute to Benoit Albinovanus, the driving force behind the choral ‘ Museicanti’ of the Royal Museum of Central Africa in Tervuren.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFBFFDFFDCFF265FC28FBAE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype IVORY COAST • ♂; Bouaflé, Congo Aboisso; 6 ° 59 ′ N; 5 ° 39 ′ W; 5 Feb. 1981; J. Everts leg.; pitfalls; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 177497. Paratypes IVORY COAST • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 177497. Note Holotype has one palp attached, paratype none.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFBFFDFFDCFF265FC28FBAE.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 6 A – B, D – G) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.84. Carapace length 1.42, width 1.07; height 0.43. COLOUR (Fig. 6 A – B). Entirely pale cream, probably bleached. PROSOMA. Fovea hardly visible. PME absent. AER straight from above, width 0.21. AME 0.10, ALE and PLE 0.06; AME – AME: 0.02, AME – ALE: 0.02, ALE – PLE: touching. Clypeus vertical, 0.07. Chilum absent. Sternum 1.07 long, same width. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 0.89, P: 0.33, T: 0.62: Mt: 0.66; t: 0.53; total: 3.03. LEG FORMULA. 4123. MALE PALP (Fig. 6 D – G). RTA flattened, twisted with innermost prong sharp, outer tip rounded; VTA a transverse curved disk with pointed retrolateral extremity; bulbus fairly large, alveolus about ⅔ of cymbium, which is somewhat curved inward; two curves of sperm duct visible in tegulum retrolaterally; embolus originates on posterior part of tegulum, runs along its prolateral side, ending in curved tip accompanied by small membranous conductor. Female (paratype, Fig. 7) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.70. Carapace length 1.14, width 0.92, height 0.43. COLOUR (Fig. 6 C). very similar to male. EYES. AME 0.08, AME – AME: 0.02. Other eyes poorly delimited. PROSOMA. Clypeus vertical, 0.07. Chilum absent. Sternum 0.78 long, same width. LEGS. Missing from femur onwards. EPIGYNE (Fig. 7 A – D). Copulatory openings inconspicuous, comma-shaped, leading to initially broadening copulatory ducts running in posterior direction, then inward, followed by an anterior running stretch and finally a second stretch in posterior direction, ending in small spermathecae with a short, postero-lateral fertilisation duct and clearly defined, outward directed sickle-shaped sclerites.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFFBFFDFFDCFF265FC28FBAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in central Ivory Coast (Fig. 39).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFF8FFC1FDF9F0EBFC9CFAB8.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: B 65 FE 230 - EC 50 - 4 B 9 C-B 560 - A 6 DF 1 F 931096 Figs 8, 38	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFF8FFC1FDF9F0EBFC9CFAB8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma alvoculatum sp. nov. is characterized by widely separated copulatory openings surrounded by a spiralled sclerotised rim.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFF8FFC1FDF9F0EBFC9CFAB8.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is an adjective combining the Latin words ‘ alvus ’ and ‘ oculus ’, referring to the epigyne, which looks like two eyes on the belly (Fig. 8 B).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFF8FFC1FDF9F0EBFC9CFAB8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♀; Parc National Albert, sect. Ruwenzori, Kyandolire, lieu dit Camp des Gardes; 0 ° 20 ′ N, 29 ° 49 ′ E; 1700 m a. s. l.; 17 Oct. 1952; G. F. De Witte leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 240739.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFF8FFC1FDF9F0EBFC9CFAB8.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 8) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 7.45. Carapace length 2.49, width 2.13, height 0.92. COLOUR (Fig. 8 A – B). Carapace orange, gradually paler towards posterior margin; AME rim dark; fovea reddish; chelicerae, palps and legs orange; endites yellowish orange, paler along median and anterior margins; labium orange, paler in distal half; sternum orange with thin dark brown margin and brown precoxal triangles (Fig. 8 B); abdomen cream; spinnerets yellow. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.43, anterior end 1.21 from PME. MOQ length 0.30, anterior width 0.28, posterior width 0.33. AER slightly recurved from above, width 0.67, PER procurved from above, width 0.71. All eyes circular; AME 0.13, ALE 0.10, PLE 0.08, PME 0.02; AME – AME: 0.02, AME – ALE: 0.12, ALE – PLE: 0.02, PME – PME: 0.25. Clypeus vertical, 0.12, with six long setae. Chelicerae with dorsal and ventral longitudinal groups of long setae; anterior margin with three teeth, the most proximal the smallest, and one small somewhat slightly more inward. Chilum poorly developed, two sclerites, each 0.03 high, 0.16 wide. Sternum 1.42 long and as wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, F I pl 1; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2 - 2; T III pl 1 rl 1 v 1 - 2; Mt III pl 1 rl 1 v 1 - 2; T IV rl 1 v 1 - 2; Mt IV v 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.13, P: 0.71, T: 1.99, Mt: 1.85, t: 1.21; total: 7.89. LEG FORMULA. 4123. PALP. Female palpal tarsus curved, with scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 8 C – F). Roughly rectangular area, wider than long, with posterior margin recurved; widely separated copulatory openings with transverse oval membrane, slightly less than twice their longest diameter apart, surrounded by broad, spiralled, sclerotised border; broad, coiled copulatory ducts end in widely separated, subglobular spermathecae. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFF8FFC1FDF9F0EBFC9CFAB8.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in D. R. Congo (Fig. 38).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE6FFC3FDF8F1FDFCB5FAA0.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BF 36 FF 98 - 2229 - 48 EA-ACC 5 - F 72889 C 641 FD Figs 9, 38	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE6FFC3FDF8F1FDFCB5FAA0.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma anacardium sp. nov. is characterized by the wide sternum and by the epigyne with copulatory openings surrounded by a dark semicircle.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE6FFC3FDF8F1FDFCB5FAA0.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name, a noun in apposition, refers to the tree Anacardium occidentale L. as the dark pattern of the epigyne (Fig. 9 C) resembles two nuts of the cashew tree.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE6FFC3FDF8F1FDFCB5FAA0.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ETHIOPIA • ♀; Awash National Park, compound of RAS Hotel; 8 ° 59 ′ N, 40 ° 10 ′ E; 1000 m a. s. l.; 13 May 1986; A. Russell-Smith leg.; at light; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 90890.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE6FFC3FDF8F1FDFCB5FAA0.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 9) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.34. Carapace length 1.42, width 1.14, height 0.57. COLOUR (Fig. 9 A – B). Carapace yellowish orange, with dark AME region, paler spot in front of reddish fovea; chelicerae orange; endites yellowish orange, paler along median and anterior margins; labium orange, paler in distal half; sternum pale yellow with brownish margins; legs orange; coxa, trochanter and patella paler; abdomen including spinnerets pale cream. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.12, anterior end 0.62 from PME. MOQ length 0.20, anterior width 0.23, posterior width 0.21, AER straight from above, width 0.30, PER procurved from above, width 0.41. All eyes circular, very small except AME; AME 0.08, ALE 0.03, PLE 0.03, PME 0.02; AME – AME: 0.07, AME – ALE: 0.02, ALE – PLE: 0.07, PME – PME: 0.18. Clypeus vertical, 0.08 without setae. Chilum absent. Sternum 0.71 long, 0.84 wide. LEGS. Without spines. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.15, P: 0.48, T: 0.96, Mt: 0.96, t: 0.64; total: 4.19. LEG FORMULA. 4123. PALP. Female palpal tarsus almost straight, with sparse scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 9 C – F). Roughly rectangular area, wider than long, with widely separated semicircular copulatory openings; copulatory ducts wide, with simple part running forward and part with internal spikes running backward, ending in small, oval, closely set spermathecae; fertilisation ducts short, pointing backward. Sickle-shaped sclerites directed outward. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE6FFC3FDF8F1FDFCB5FAA0.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in Ethiopia (Fig. 38).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE4FFC5FD9DF1E2FB5BFABE.taxon	description	Figs 1 A, 10, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE4FFC5FD9DF1E2FB5BFABE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of A. anochetorum is recognized by the VTA with a thick globular base in ventral view, hookshaped in retrolateral view and the RTA flattened in retrolateral view, with an apical hook	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE4FFC5FD9DF1E2FB5BFABE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype GABON (Congo Française) • ♂; Fernan Vaz; L. Fea leg.; MNHN AR 3112. Collected as commensal or parasite of ants of Anochetus Mayr, 1861. Note The specimen is completely bleached and the description lacks therefore some essential details; limits of secondary eyes, chilum, spines and clypeal setae are invisible.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE4FFC5FD9DF1E2FB5BFABE.taxon	description	Description translated from Latin Cephalothorax reddish orange, almost smooth, short and with sparse yellowish setae, AME with black surrounding. Anterior eyes in straight row, almost touching and of different size; AME dark, rounded, and diameter one fourth longer than of remainder, which are white. Posterior eyes very small in a procurved row; PME, at least three times more distant from each other than from the PLE. Clypeus slightly wider than AME. Abdomen pale yellow with whitish setae. In front with small, reddish ovoid scutum. Chelicerae well developed, slightly rugose, with elongate dental furrow, anterior one provided with two small widely separated teeth. Sternum, mouthparts and legs pale yellowish brown; endites twice as long as wide; legs fairly long with short setae; all femora with one dorsal spine in distal half; tibia I with three pairs of small spines, metatarsus I with similar pairs of spines; other segments spineless; male palp with slightly darker tarsus, femur with small dorsal spine at distal tip; patella slightly longer than wide, slightly convex, spineless; tibia almost as long as patella, distal part with reddish apophysis composed of two parts: one compressed but sharp, the apical one much more slender and curved, with inferior ridge, anteriorly a distal sharp hook, posteriorly curved into a fairly long tubercle forming a channel; cymbium oval, with long sharp tip; bulbus large, fairly convex oval, rounded at base; embolus strong, long, curved. Original Latin text: Simon (1909: 335 – 336). Additional description data Male (holotype, Fig. 1 A, 10) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.20. Carapace length 1.42, width 0.78, height 0.38. COLOUR (Fig. 10 A – B). Entirely pale. EYES. AME 0.10, ALE 0.07, PLE 0.06; AME – AME: touching, AME – ALE: 0.02, ALE – PLE: 0.02. Clypeus vertical, 0.10, Sternum 0.78 long, 0.71 wide. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.28, P: 0.42, T: 1.22, Mt: 0.96, t: 0.77; total: 4.65. LEG FORMULA. 4123. Female Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE4FFC5FD9DF1E2FB5BFABE.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in Gabon (Fig. 40). The species is myrmecophilous.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE2FFC7FDF4F1F8FAECFB6A.taxon	description	Figs 11, 38	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE2FFC7FDF4F1F8FAECFB6A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Lectotype (here designated) KENYA • ♀; South Turkana, between the Nepau escarpment and Kalodeke, SW of Lake Turkana; appr. 2 ° 40 ′ N, 38 ° 23 ′ W; 800 – 1000 m a. s. l.; 20 Jan. 1933; Arambourg, Chapuis and Jeannel leg.; in hot, dry desert, in chimney-mound Macrotermes (subgenus Bellicositermes) sp. termite nests, (stn 22); MNHN AR 3103. Paralectotype KENYA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for lectotype; MNHN AR 3103. Supplementary description	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE2FFC7FDF4F1F8FAECFB6A.taxon	description	Female (lectotype, Fig. 11) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.69. Carapace length 2.56, width 2.13; height 1.07. COLOUR (Fig. 11 A – B). Carapace and chelicerae orange. Legs and abdomen pale yellow. PROSOMA. Fovea 0.32, 1.05 from PME. EYES. MOQ length 0.25, anterior width 0.31, posterior width 0.34, AER straight from above, width 0.64, PER procurved from above, width 0.70. All eyes circular; AME 0.15, ALE 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.03; AME – AME: 0.05, AME – ALE: 0.05, ALE – PLE: 0.02, PME – PME: 0.15. Clypeus vertical, 0.23, with seven long setae. Chilum absent. Sternum length 1.56, same width. Chelicerae (Fig. 11 C): promargin with two teeth and one tiny tooth slightly more inward. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal and one proventral spine. T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T III pl 1 v 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; T IV v 2 - 2; Mt IV v 1 - 1. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.34, P: 0.92, T: 2.06, Mt: 1.73, t: 1.28; total: 8.33. LEG FORMULA. 4123. EPIGYNE (Fig. 11 D – E). A wide, sclerotised area with posterior margin medially with two small indentations, anterior margin indented in the middle; copulatory openings transversely oval, separated by less than their long axis; internal structure vaguely visible in transparency. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE2FFC7FDF4F1F8FAECFB6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in northern Kenya (Fig. 38). The species is termitophilous.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE0FFC9FDDBF0AEFC9CFB1B.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: BD 22 B 3 C 5 - F 9 AD- 4 FCF-B 2 D 2 - 95 D 1 CC 2 A 845 A Figs 12, 38	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE0FFC9FDDBF0AEFC9CFB1B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma cyamos sp. nov. is characterized by the absence of leg spination apart from the dorsal femoral spines, the poorly developed fovea and by the epigyne with small, closely set copulatory openings shaped like a mung-bean.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE0FFC9FDDBF0AEFC9CFB1B.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is from the Greek ‘ κύαμος’, meaning ‘ bean’, referring to the mung bean-shaped copulatory openings (Fig. 12 D).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE0FFC9FDDBF0AEFC9CFB1B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♀; Visiki, NW of Butembo; 0 ° 33 ′ N, 29 ° 42 ′ E; 1100 m a. s. l.; Jun. 1974; M. Lejeune leg.; terreau prélevé sous bois mort dans un champ cultivé; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 155566.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE0FFC9FDDBF0AEFC9CFB1B.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 12) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.20. Carapace length 1.63, width 1.35, height 0.50. COLOUR (Fig. 12 A – B). Carapace pale yellow with faint radiating striae; legs and palp pale yellow, tips of tarsus yellowish orange; sternum pale yellow with thin darker rim; abdomen dorsum pale sepia mottled with grey, sides and venter including spinnerets cream. PROSOMA. Fovea hardly visible. MOQ length 0.23, anterior width 0.25, posterior width 0.26. AER slightly recurved from above, width 0.46, PER procurved from above, width 0.49. All eyes circular; AME 0.10, ALE 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.05; AME – AME: 0.05, AME – ALE: 0.03, ALE – PLE: 0.07, PME – PME: 0.18. Clypeus vertical, 0.10, with four long setae. Chelicerae with dispersed setae. Chilum absent. Sternum 1.00 long, 0.92 wide. LEG SUPINATION. Very few spines, only femora with one dorsal spine. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.63, P: 0.50, T: 1.28, Mt: 1.42, t: 1.09; total: 5.92. PALP. Female palpal tarsus slightly curved, with sparse scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 12 C – F). Trapezoidal area, wider than long, with slightly oblique mung bean-shaped copulatory openings, less than half their longest axis apart, posterior rim darkly sclerotised; copulatory ducts at entrance with well-defined atrium, fairly wide and with coiled lumen over entire length, ending in small, ill-defined spermathecae; fertilisation ducts pointing backward. Copulatory openings provided with piriform atrium with internal spikes, followed by broad copulatory ducts, also with internal spikes and running forward, thence backward, curved towards the centre, ending in a globular spermatheca hardly wider than ducts; fertilisation ducts thin, posterior, sickle-shaped sclerites oriented outward. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFE0FFC9FDDBF0AEFC9CFB1B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in D. R. Congo (Fig. 38).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEEFFCCFDE9F15BFB06F815.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 418 B 3 B 49 - 91 D 6 - 43 CD-B 116 - 2 E 2 DDF 9 BE 601 Figs 13 – 14, 38	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEEFFCCFDE9F15BFB06F815.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of Andromma cycnotrachelos sp. nov. is characterized by the shape of the RTA with a fairly long, slender, sharp tipped prong, curved upwards. The female has an epigyne with a long, tightly wound copulatory duct and kidney-shaped copulatory openings with transverse longest axis.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEEFFCCFDE9F15BFB06F815.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a noun in apposition from the Greek ‘ κύκνος’, meaning ‘ swan’, and ‘ τρᾰχηλος’, meaning ‘ neck’, because the spike of the RTA resembles the neck of a swan (Fig. 13 D).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEEFFCCFDE9F15BFB06F815.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♂; Kivu, Plaine de la Ruindi, Bulemba; 0 ° 47 ′ S, 29 ° 47 ′ E; 15 Jun. 1972; M. Lejeune leg.; termitière; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 247532. Paratypes D. R. CONGO • 1 ♂, 7 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 144678.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEEFFCCFDE9F15BFB06F815.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 13) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.60. Carapace length 1.42, width 1.21, height 0.57. COLOUR (Fig. 13 A – B). Cephalic area of carapace and chelicerae yellowish orange, thoracic part, legs and mouthparts pale yellow; AME rim dark; fovea reddish; sternum pale yellow with thin pale brown rim; abdomen including spinnerets pale cream. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.18, anterior end 0.78 from PME. MOQ length 0.15, anterior width 0.18, posterior width 0.18. AER straight from above, width 0.36, PER procurved from above, width 0.39. All eyes circular; AME 0.08, ALE 0.07, PLE 0.05, PME 0.03; AME – AME: 0.08, AME – ALE: 0.03, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.13. Clypeus vertical, 0.05, without long setae. Chilum absent. Chelicerae: anterior margin with two teeth. LEG SPINATION. All femur with one dorsal spine, Fe I pl 1; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2 - 2; T III v 2; Mt III v 2; T IV v 1 - 2; Mt IV v 2. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.07, P: 0.43, T: 0.85, Mt: 0.78, t: 0.64; total: 3.77. MALE PALP (Fig. 13 C – F). RTA with long, slender, sharp tipped prong, curved dorsally in retrolateral view; VTA with intricate extrusions; bulbus occupying ⅔ of cymbium length; embolus with thick base, originating on posterior end of tegulum, following the tegulum contour ending on distal retrolateral side; sperm duct visible retrolaterally, S-shaped. Conductor indistinct. Female (paratype, Fig. 14) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.05. Carapace length 1.63, width 1.28, height 0.64. COLOUR (Fig. 14 A – B). Similar to male. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.20, anterior end 0.88 from PME. MOQ length 0.16, anterior width 0.23, posterior width 0.18. AER straight from above, width 0.41, PER procurved from above, width 0.46. All eyes circular; AME 0.08, ALE 0.07, PLE 0.05, PME 0.03; AME – AME: 0.05, AME – ALE: 0.03, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.13. Clypeus vertical, 0.07, with four long setae. Chilum absent. Chelicerae: anterior margin with two teeth. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, Fe I pl 1; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2 - 2; T III v 1 - 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; T IV v 1 - 2; Mt IV v 2 - 2. LEG MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.35, P: 0.57, T: 1.07, Mt: 0.99, t: 0.71; total: 4.69. PALP. Female palpal tarsus slightly curved, with sparse scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 14 C – F). Roughly rectangular area, wider than long, with kidney shaped copulatory openings separated by their longest axis; copulatory ducts consisting of three loosely wound coils followed by a tightly wound helicoidal stretch ending in the drop shaped lateral spermathecae.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEEFFCCFDE9F15BFB06F815.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in D. R. Congo (Fig. 38). The species is termitophilous.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEAFFF0FDF5F570FCA1FBB5.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: A 42 A 4884 - 10 FB- 4 B 40 - AF 77 - 2081949 AE 59 C Figs 15 – 16, 39	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEAFFF0FDF5F570FCA1FBB5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Both sexes of Andromma delphiurum sp. nov. are characterized by the short MOQ. Males of the species are characterized by the shape of the VTA, which resembles the tail of a dolphin (Fig. 15 E – F); females are recognized by the epigyne with broad, vaguely delimited copulatory openings (Fig. 16 C – D) and the large copulatory ducts following a parallel course, first in posterior direction, then towards the front of the epigyne and back (Fig. 16 E – F).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEAFFF0FDF5F570FCA1FBB5.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a noun in apposition from the Greek ‘ δελφΐς’, meaning ‘ dolphin’, and ‘ οὐρά’, meaning ‘ tail’, as the VTA in retrolateral view resembles the tail of a dolphin (Fig. 15 F).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEAFFF0FDF5F570FCA1FBB5.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype NIGERIA • ♂; Ibadan, IITA; 7 ° 30 ′ N, 3 ° 54 ′ W; 1 – 8 Aug. 1981; A. Russell-Smith leg.; secondary forest, pitfalls; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 235830. Paratypes NIGERIA • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; 27 Apr. 1973; fallow bush plots; further collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 247537 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 247538.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEAFFF0FDF5F570FCA1FBB5.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 15 D, F) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.34. Carapace length 1.42, width 1.14; height 0.57. COLOUR (Fig. 15 A – B). Cephalothorax entirely pale yellow, carapace with an orange tinge in ocular area; abdomen pale, dorsum with faint broad band with slightly darker margins in anterior half. PROSOMA. AME circular, other eyes oval; AER slightly recurved from above, width 0.31, PER procurved from above, width 0.36. AME 0.10, ALE 0.05, PLE 0.05, PME 0.05; AME – AME: 0.03, AME – ALE: touching, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME 0.13. Clypeus vertical, 0.12, with four long setae. Chilum absent. Sternum 0.92 long, same width. Chelicerae: anterior margin with two teeth, a third tiny one in between the two, somewhat closer to retromargin. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, F I pl 1; other spines tiny and inconspicuous: T I v 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.42, P: 0.47, T: 1.27, Mt: 1.24, t: 0.86; total: 5.26. LEG FORMULA. 4123. MALE PALP (Fig. 15 C – F). RTA roughly rectangular as seen from the side, with thin, forward projecting, dorsally curved prong; VTA with dolphin tail shaped projection in retrolateral view; embolus originating in center of posterior margin of tegulum running forward over middle of tegulum, slender tip curved outward; sperm duct visible over long, twisted course. Female (paratype, Fig. 16) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.05. Carapace length 1.28, width 1.14; height 0.57. COLOUR (Fig. 16 A – B). Very similar to male. PROSOMA. AME circular, other eyes oval; AER slightly recurved from above, width 0.31, PER procurved from above, width 0.36. AME 0.10, ALE 0.04, PLE 0.05, PME 0.03; AME – AME: 0.05, AME – ALE: 0.02, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PLE: 0.05, PME – PME 0.15. Clypeus vertical, 0.12, no long setae. Chilum absent. Sternum 0.85 long, 0.78 wide. Chelicerae: anterior margin with two teeth, a third tiny at base of fang, somewhat closer to retromargin. Clypeus vertical, 0.07. Chilum absent. Sternum 0.78 long, same width. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, F I pl 1; no other spines. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.28, P: 0.43, T: 1.14, Mt: 1.14, t: 0.78; total: 4.77. LEG FORMULA. 4123. EPIGYNE (Fig. 16 C – F). Copulatory openings behind centre, each with wide, procurved vaguely defined margin; copulatory ducts wide, running backward, forward and backward again in parallel course; spermathecae small, not wider than duct. Sickle-shaped sclerites directed outwards.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFEAFFF0FDF5F570FCA1FBB5.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in Nigeria (Fig. 39).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD7FFF1FDCDF0FEFCA8F815.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 FA 53 C 76 - 2702 - 4563 - 920 A- 04 A 3 E 6 CDB 94 E Figs 2 A – B, 17 – 18, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD7FFF1FDCDF0FEFCA8F815.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of Andromma deogratias sp. nov. is characterized by the shape of the RTA with a fairly long, slender, sharp, tipped prong, pointing antero-dorsally. The female has an epigyne with egg shaped copulatory openings in a trapezoidal epigyne and long spermathecae hardly separated from the copulatory ducts.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD7FFF1FDCDF0FEFCA8F815.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a patronym after Déogratias Nduwarugira, who collected all the available specimens.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD7FFF1FDCDF0FEFCA8F815.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BURUNDI • ♂; Rumonge, Rumonge Forest; 4 ° 00 ′ 27.72 ″ S, 29 ° 29 ′ 26.40 ″ E; 12 Dec. 2013; Déogratias Nduwarugira leg.; miombo forest; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246049. Paratypes BURUNDI • 1 ♀; 11 Apr. 2013; further same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246050 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246048 • 1 ♂; 8 May 2013; further same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246052 • 1 ♀; 10 May 2013; further same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246054 • 1 ♂; 24 May 2013; further same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246053.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD7FFF1FDCDF0FEFCA8F815.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 17) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.97. Carapace length 2.27, width 1.58, height 0.92. COLOUR (Fig. 17 A – B). Carapace with cephalic area orange, somewhat darker than thoracic area; legs, chelicerae and sternum orange; abdomen including spinnerets pale cream. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.50, anterior end 0.99 from PME. AME circular, ALE and PLE oval; AER straight from above, width 0.51, PER width 0.51. AME 0.08, ALE 0.07, PLE 0.05, PME absent; AME – AME: 0.05, AME – ALE: 0.05, ALE – PLE: touching. Clypeus vertical, 0.12, with six long setae. Sternum 1.21 long, 1.07 wide. Chilum two narrow strips, 0.02 high, 0.07 wide. Chelicerae: strongly bulging in front; anterior margin with four teeth: three in a row, the most proximal the smallest, a tiny one slightly inward from the central one, another small one, more inward at base of fang. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, F I pl 1; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2 - 2; T III pl 1 rl 1 v 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; T IV pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2; Mt IV v 2 - 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. F: 2.10, P: 0.77, T: 1.82, Mt: 1.68, t: 1.40; total: 7.77. MALE PALP (Fig. 17 C – F). RTA broad, arrow-shaped, VTA hook-shaped; bulbus simple with short, distally curved embolus and small membranous conductor positioned distomedially. Female (paratype, RMCA 246054, Fig. 18) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.29. Carapace length 2.13, width 1.28, height 0.83. COLOUR (Fig. 18 A – B). Similar to male. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.43. MOQ anterior width 0.26, AER straight from above, width 0.57, PER width 0.61. AME circular, ALE and PLE oval; AME 0.10, ALE 0.09, PLE 0.05, PME reduced, or even only one eye present (Fig. 2 B); AME – AME: 0.07, AME – ALE: 0.05, ALE – PLE: touching. Clypeus vertical, 0.15, with six long setae. Chilum two strips, 0.07 high, 0.15 wide. Sternum 1.42 long, same width. Chelicerae as in male. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, F I pl 1; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2 - 2; T III v 1 - 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; T IV v 1 - 2; Mt IV v 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. F: 2.06, P: 0.71, T: 1.85, Mt: 1.79, t: 1.28; total: 7.69. FEMALE PALPAL TARSUS. Ventrally straight, dorsally curved; scopula well developed. EPIGYNE (Fig. 18 C – F). Roughly trapezoidal area, with central egg-shaped copulatory openings separated by 1.6 times their longest axis; posterior part divided by longitudinal cleft behind chevron shaped transverse dividing ridge. Copulatory ducts wide and with large bends, ending in spermathecae appearing as prolongation of copulatory ducts. Fertilisation duct procurved.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD7FFF1FDCDF0FEFCA8F815.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in Burundi (Fig. 40).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD3FFF6FDFCF570FBF9FE49.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 9 F 72 FCCB- 187 B- 4 A 7 E- 8 E 10 - AC 0 DB 279 D 1 A 5 Figs 19, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD3FFF6FDFCF570FBF9FE49.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of Andromma dicranobelos sp. nov. is characterized by the shape of the VTA and RTA, which look like a forked spear in ventral view (Fig. 19 D – E).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD3FFF6FDFCF570FBF9FE49.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a noun in apposition composed by the Greek nouns ‘ δικρανον’ (meaning ‘ fork’) and ‘ βελος’ (meaning ‘ spear’), referring to the shape of the RTA, which looks like a forked spear in ventral view (Fig. 19 D – E).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD3FFF6FDFCF570FBF9FE49.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♂; Bas Congo, Mayombe, Luki Forest Reserve, near guest house; 5 ° 38 ′ S, 13 ° 04´E; 4 Nov. 2006; D. De Bakker and J. P. Michiels leg.; road verge, by hand; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 220165. Paratypes D. R. CONGO • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; pitfalls, rainforest; 13 – 23 Nov. 2006; De Bakker and Michiels leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 222718 • 1 ♂; 4 Nov. 2006; by hand, road edge near guesthouse; further collection data as for preceding; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 222611.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD3FFF6FDFCF570FBF9FE49.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 19 C – D) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.26. Carapace length 1.99, width 1.56; height 0.57. COLOUR (Fig. 19 A – B). Carapace orange, gradually paler towards posterior margin, with dark area around AME, reddish fovea, without setae; chelicerae orange; endites yellowish orange, darker along lateral margin, paler along median margin; labium uniform orange; sternum organge with brownish precoxal triangles; legs yellowish orange; abdomen including spinnerets cream with faint darker dorsal pattern and dispersed darker setae. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.30, anterior end 0.80 from PME. MOQ length 0.26, anterior width 0.25, posterior width 0.25, AER straight from above, width 0.45, PER procurved from above, width 0.49. All eyes circular; AME 0.10, ALE and PLE 0.08, PME 0.06; AME – AME: 0.05, AME – ALE: 0.05, ALE – PLE: 0.02, PME – PME: 0.15. Clypeus vertical, 0.13, with six long setae. Chilum absent. Sternum length 1.07, same width. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine; T I v 2 - 1 - 2 - 1 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.85, P: 0.78, T: 1.63, Mt: 1.49, t: 0.99; total: 6.74. LEG FORMULA. 4123. MALE PALP (Fig. 19 C – F). RTA with flat retrolateral part, its anterior margin with thin dorsally curved prong with sharp tip, posteriorly followed by a smaller leaf-shaped extension. VTA transversely heart-shaped in ventral view. Bulbus large, filling three quarters of the cymbial alveolus; embolus originating on posterior part of tegulum, curved along margin of tegulum, curved tip accompanied by small membranous conductor positioned medioretrolaterally. SD s-shaped, visible over entore length of tegulum. Female Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD3FFF6FDFCF570FBF9FE49.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in southwestern D. R. Congo (Fig. 40).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD1FFF8FDF8F589FBA8FEAE.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 C 3 E 4 B 13 - 3 B 5 A- 4761 - 97 DE- 0 FFA 981 B 49 E 6 Figs 20, 38	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD1FFF8FDF8F589FBA8FEAE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Andromma didrepanum sp. nov. are characterized by the shape of the VTA and RTA both provided with a sickle-shaped prong and by the embolus with bifid tip, originating on the prolateral side of tegulum.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD1FFF8FDF8F589FBA8FEAE.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a noun in apposition from the Greek ‘ δρέπανον’, meaning ‘ sickle’, because the VTA and RTA feature sickle-shaped appendages, a large one (VTA) and a small one (RTA) (Fig. 20 E – F).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD1FFF8FDF8F589FBA8FEAE.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♂; Tshopo Province, Kisangani, Masako Forest Reserve; 0 ° 36 ′ N, 25 ° 13 ′ E; 25 Mar. 2003; J. L. Juakaly leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 216034.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD1FFF8FDF8F589FBA8FEAE.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 20) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.83. Carapace length 1.56, width 1.49; height 0.64. COLOUR (Fig. 20 A – B). Cephalothorax including legs and chelicerae entirely yellowish orange; carapace with radiating striae; sternum yellowish orange with brown rim and small brown precoxal triangles; abdomen cream, dorsum with faint broad band with slightly darker margins in anterior half. PROSOMA. AME circular, other eyes oval; AER slightly recurved from above, width 0.31, PER procurved from above, width 0.36. AME 0.10, ALE 0.05, PLE 0.05, PME 0.05; AME – AME: 0.03, AME – ALE: touching, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME 0.13. Clypeus vertical, 0.12, with four long setae. Chilum absent. Sternum 0.92 long, same width. Chelicerae: anterior margin with two teeth, a third tiny one in between the two, somewhat closer to retromargin. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, F I pl 1; other spines tiny and incospicuous: T I v 2 - 2 - 2, Mt I v 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2, Mt II v 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.42, P: 0.47, T: 1.27, Mt: 1.24, t: 0.86; total: 5.26. MALE PALP (Fig. 20 C – F). VTA sickle-shaped in ventral view, mushroom-shaped in retrolateral view. RTA pointed in ventral view, ending in a small, sickle-shaped tip; consisting of two sharp, roughly triangular processes in retrolateral view. Sperm duct surfacing as a crescent in retrolateral half of bulbus, rather short, prolateral, ending in a bifid, ventrally curved tip accompanied by a thin, flag-like conductor. Female Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD1FFF8FDF8F589FBA8FEAE.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in Tshopo Province, D. R. Congo (Fig. 38).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDFFFFBFDE0F5EAFBB7F9E2.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: AFD 4 B 72 A-BBC 0 - 4669 - BCDC-A 49 CC 29 BA 70 F Figs 2 C – D, F – G, 21 – 22, 38	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDFFFFBFDE0F5EAFBB7F9E2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Andromma divinagraciae sp. nov. is similar to A. velum sp. nov., but differs from it by the shape of the VTA, which is also sail-shaped, but shorter and more anteriorly directed, by the shape of the RTA which is larger and tear-shaped in retrolateral view, and by the epigyne which has two sausage-shaped sclerotised plates versus broad, ear-shaped plates in A. velum. (compare Fig. 22 C – D with Fig. 37 C – D).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDFFFFBFDE0F5EAFBB7F9E2.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a matronym in honour of Emily Divinagracia, one of the driving forces of the choral ‘ Museicanti’ of the RMCA.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDFFFFBFDE0F5EAFBB7F9E2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype BURUNDI • ♂; Rumonge, Rumonge Forest; 4 ° 00 ′ 27.72 ″ S, 29 ° 29 ′ 26.40 ″ E; 17 Dec. 2013; Déogratias Nduwarugira leg.; Miombo woodland; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246051. Paratypes BURUNDI • 1 ♀; 8 May 2013; further same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246055 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 246056.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDFFFFBFDE0F5EAFBB7F9E2.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Figs 2 C, 21 A – F) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.45. Carapace length 2.13, width 1.49, height 0.85. COLOUR (Fig. 21 A – B). Carapace orange, gradually paler towards posterior margin; fovea reddish; chelicerae orange; endites and labium yellowish orange, pale along anterior margin; sternum yellowish orange with pale brown precoxal triangles; legs orange; abdomen including spinnerets cream. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.36, anterior end 1.07 from PME. MOQ length 0.21, anterior width 0.30, posterior width 0.23 (Fig. 2 C). AER straight from above, width 0.54, PER procurved from above, width 0.57. AME circular, remainder oval. AME 0.12, ALE 0.10, PLE 0.05, PME 0.07; AME – AME: 0.07, AME – ALE: 0.05, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.18. Clypeus vertical, 0.15, with six long setae. Chilum two sclerites, each 0.03 high, 0.15 wide. Chelicerae with four teeth on promargin: three in a row of which the distal one the smallest and one near the middle one slight more towards the retromargin; small fifth tooth at base of fang. Sternum 1.21 long, 1.14 wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, Fe II pl 1; T I pl 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II pl 2 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2; T III rl 1 v 2 - 2 - 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; T IV pl 1 - 1 rl 1 v 1; Mt IV v 1. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.13, P: 0.78, T: 1.85, Mt: 1.83, t: 1.14; total: 7.73. LEG FORMULA. 4123. MALE PALP (Fig. 21 C – F). RTA bluntly triangular to tear-shaped in retrolateral view; VTA lozenge-shaped in ventral view, like a sail; embolus long, originating on posterior part of tegulum, curved along prolateral margin of tegulum with slender distal, ventrally curved tip accompanied by narrrow membranous conductor positioned distoretrolaterally; the prolateral side of the cymbium slightly concave. Sperm duct S-shaped, surfacing on retrolateral side of bulbus. Female (paratype RMCA 248055, Fig. 22) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.04. Carapace length 2.41, width 1.99, height 0.89. COLOUR (Fig. 22 A – B). As in male. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.43, anterior end 1.21 from PME. MOQ length 0.28, anterior width 0.31, posterior width 0.36 (Fig. 2 D), AER straight from above, width 0.64, PER procurved from above, width 0.67. AME circular, remainder oval. AME 0.12, ALE 0.12, PLE 0.08, PME 0.07; AME – AME: 0.08, AME – ALE: 0.07, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.23. Clypeus vertical, 0.16, with ten long setae. Chilum two triangular sclerites, each 0.07 high, 0.16 wide. Chelicerae with four teeth on promargin; three fairly large ones in one row, a fourth small one between the former, but more towards retromargin, which has one tiny teeth near fang base. Sternum 1.35 wide, 1.42 long. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine. Preening brush on metatarsus III. Tarsi not widened towards tip. PALP. Female palp with tarsus straight along promargin, curved along retromargin as seen from above. SPINATION. All femore with one dorsal spine, T II v 2; T III v 1; T IV v 1. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.24, P: 0.84, T: 2.10, Mt: 1.40, t: 1.40; total: 7.87. LEG FORMULA. 4123. EPIGYNE (Fig. 22 C – F). Slightly longer than wide; with two large ear-shaped depressions; copulatory openings indistinct, located in the anterior part of these depressions; posterior margin of epigyne deepy indented. Copulatory ducts with first part running forward, much narrower than second backward running stretch with tightly appressed, fused coils, which ends in a piriform, thick walled spermatheca with interior spikes. Sickle-shaped sclerites procurved.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDFFFFBFDE0F5EAFBB7F9E2.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality, a Miombo woodland in Burundi (Fig. 38).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDCFFFDFDE0F225FC45F815.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 98 B 9 B 440 - 9 A 2 B- 46 F 8 - BF 6 C- 2 BED 3 A 725 DAA Figs 23, 39	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDCFFFDFDE0F225FC45F815.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma elephantactes sp. nov. is characterized by the shape of the epigyne and the course of the copulatory ducts ending in small oval spermathecae.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDCFFFDFDE0F225FC45F815.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a noun in apposition composed by the Greek nouns ‘ ἐλέφας’, meaning ‘ ivory’, and ‘ ἀκτή’, meaning ‘ coast’, evidently referring to the country of the type locality.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDCFFFDFDE0F225FC45F815.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype IVORY COAST • ♀; Appouesso, W of village; 6 ° 36 ′ 30 ″ N, 3 ° 26 ′ 50 ″ W; 20 Nov. 1994; Jocqué R. leg.; cocoa plantation; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 201034. Paratype IVORY COAST • 1 ♀; Appouesso, Forêt Classée de la Bossematié; 6 ° 36 ′ 53 ″ N, 3 ° 27 ’ 08 ″ W; 7 May 1995; R. Jocqué and K. Tanoh leg.; pitfall 3 A; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 204230. Other material IVORY COAST • 2 ♀♀; Abidjan, Yopougon, CNRS area; 5 ° 19 ′ 43.2 ″ N, 4 ° 07 ’ 54.6 ″ W; 27 Feb. 2002; sifting leaf litter; CJB 4008.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDCFFFDFDE0F225FC45F815.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 23) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.97. Carapace length 2.13, width 1.92, height 0.64. COLOUR (Fig. 23 A – B). Carapace orange, gradually paler towards posterior margin; with dark area around AME, reddish fovea, without setae; chelicerae orange; endites yellowish orange, darker along lateral margin, paler along median margin; labium orange, paler in distal half; sternum orange with brownish precoxal triangles; legs brownish orange, coxae and trochanters yellow; abdomen including spinnerets cream; dorsum suffused with greyish brown, with faint pale stripe in anterior half. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.5, anterior end 0.82 from PME. MOQ length 0.26, anterior width 0.33, posterior width 0.34, AER straight from above, width 0.59, PER procurved from above, width 0.72. All eyes circular; AME 0.15, ALE 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.06; AME – AME: 0.07, AME – ALE: 0.05, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.21. Clypeus vertical, 0.16, with four long setae. Chelicerae with dorsal and ventral longitudinal groups of long setae; anterior margin with five teeth, three in a row, the most proximal the smallest and two tiny ones somewhat in a row slightly more inward. Chilum poorly developed, two sclerites, each 0.05 high, 0.16 wide. Sternum 1.28 long, as wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine; Fe I with small pl spine; remainder of spines tiny. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.06, P: 0.78, T: 1.78, Mt: 1.63, t: 1.07; total: 7.32. LEG FORMULA. 4123. PALP. Female palpal tarsus with dense scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 23 C – F). Roughly rectangular area, wider than long, with copulatory openings with broad, dark, posterior margins; dark anterior bend of copulation duct centrally visible in transparency. First stretch of copulatory ducts narrow with a broad cul-de-sac appendage, running towards the centre, then widening and running forward, followed by a backward running stretch with internal spikes, ending in poorly delimited, small, oval spermathecae; fertilisation ducts thin, tubular, oriented posteriorly. Sickleshaped sclerites directed outward. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFDCFFFDFDE0F225FC45F815.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the two localities in eastern Ivory Coast (Fig. 39).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD9FFE0FDF4F570FC75F815.taxon	description	Figs 2 E, 24 – 25, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD9FFE0FDF4F570FC75F815.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of Andromma ghesquierei sp. nov. differs from the males of all other known species of Andromma by the male palp with the embolus originating in the middle of the posterior tegular margin, running over the centre of the tegulum (Fig. 24 C – D); the female can easily be recognized by the very large, rounded spermathecae visible in transparency (Fig. 25 C – D).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD9FFE0FDF4F570FC75F815.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a patronym in honour of J. Ghesquière who collected all the type material of this species apart from the specimens of Lac Tumba; he also collected many other invertebrates in D. R. Congo.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD9FFE0FDF4F570FC75F815.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♂; Equateur Province, Eala; 0 ° 30 ′ N, 18 ° 19 ′ E; 1936; J. Ghesquière leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 247536. Paratypes D. R. CONGO • 18 ♂♂, 14 ♀♀, 3 juvs; same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 177019 • 1 ♀; Nov. 1936; further same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 894 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 916 • 3 ♀♀, 2 juvs; May 1936; further same collection data as for preceding; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 22957 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 917 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 920 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 921 • 1 ♀; Equateur Province, Lac Tumba, Bikoro; 0 ° 43 ′ S, 18 ° 07 ′ E; 350 m a. s. l.; 11 Oct. 1955; N. Leleup leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 84109. Other material D. R. CONGO • 16 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; N Kivu., Rutshuru; 1 ° 11 ′ S, 29 ° 27 ′ E; 20 Dec. 1937; J. Ghesquière leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 22878.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD9FFE0FDF4F570FC75F815.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 24) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.20. Carapace length 1.42, width 1.21, height 0.64. COLOUR (Fig. 24 A – B). Cephalothorax including legs and chelicerae yellowish orange, fovea brownish; sternum pale yellow with small brown precoxal triangles; abdomen including spinnerets pale cream. PROSOMA. Fovea faint, length 0.21, anterior end 0.71 from PME. MOQ (Fig. 2 E) length 0.18, anterior width 0.20, posterior width 0.19. AER straight from above, width 0.32, PER procurved from above, width 0.35. AME circular, other eyes oval; AME 0.08, ALE 0.05, PLE 0.05, PME 0.02; AME – AME: 0.03, AME – ALE: 0.01, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.12. Clypeus vertical, 0.06, with four long setae. Chilum absent. Sternum 0.92 long, 0.78 wide. Chelicerae: anterior margin with three teeth. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, Fe I pl 1; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2 - 2; T III v 2 - 2; Mt III pl 1 v 2; T IV pl 1 v 1; Mt IV rl 1 v 1 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.07, P: 0.43, T: 0.85, Mt: 0.78, t: 0.64; total: 3.77. LEG FORMULA. 4123. MALE PALP (Fig. 24 C – F). RTA subcircular, provided with thin prong pointing forward, VTA subtriangular with rounded corners, both in retrolateral and ventral views; tegulum with sperm duct long and complex with wide basal part clearly visible in ventral view; embolus with thick base, originating in centre of posterior margin of tegulum, curved inward, ending in slender tip slightly curved antero-ventrally, near anterior margin of cymbial concavity. Conductor close to distal tip of embolus, subrectangular with a prolateral, forward projecting finger-like appendage. Female (Paratype BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 22957; Fig. 25) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.69. Carapace length 1.56, width 0.99, height 0.71. COLOUR (Fig. 25 A – B). Carapace and chelicerae pale yellowish orange, legs pale yellow, sternum yellow with pale brown precoxal triangles. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.28, anterior end 0.71 from PME. MOQ length 0.25, anterior width 0.25, posterior width 0.26. AER straight from above, width 0.40, PER procurved from above, width 0.45. AME circular, remainder oval; AME 0.10, ALE and PLE 0.05, PME 0.02; AME – AME: 0.05, AME – ALE: 0.03, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.16. Clypeus 0.07. Chelicerae with three teeth. Chilum absent. Sternum 0.92 long, 0.78 wide. LEGS: TARSI SLIGHTLY WIDENED TOWARDS EXTREMITY. Spination: all femora with one dorsal spine; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2 - 2; T III v 2 - 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; T IV pl 1 v 1; Mt IV rl 1 v 1 - 2. Fe P T Mt t total I 1.47 0.49 1.33 1.33 0.98 5.60 II 1.40 0.49 1.05 0.77 0.70 4.41 III 1.12 0.49 0.91 0.98 0.84 4.34 IV 1.47 0.56 1.26 1.47 0.98 5.74 LEG FORMULA. 4123. EPIGYNE (Fig. 25 C – F). Roughly rectangular, slightly wider than long, with crescent-shaped copulatory openings in the posterior half. Large broadly oval spermathecae and copulatory ducts visible in transparency. Fertilisation duct short, oriented posteriorly. Sickle-shaped sclerites procurved.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD9FFE0FDF4F570FC75F815.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the Eastern D. R. Congo and the Kivu Province (Fig. 40).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFD9FFE0FDF4F570FC75F815.taxon	discussion	Remark It would be surprising that the species occurs in the eastern lowland of Congo as well as in the western Kivu Province. The specimens from Kivu may be mislabeled.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC5FFE2FDC5F570FC9CF815.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 71 E 0 CD 92 - 54 DD- 421 E- 811 C-C 2 C 2 CB 141 B 96 Figs 26, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC5FFE2FDC5F570FC9CF815.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma heligmos sp. nov. is characterized by the epigyne with copulatory openings with posterior margin delimited by an obliquely sinuous sclerotised margin; the copulatory duct is unusual by its strongly curved course and the poorly delimited spermatheca.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC5FFE2FDC5F570FC9CF815.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a noun in apposition from the Greek ‘ ἑλιγμός’, meaning ‘ detour’, as the copulatory duct makes a large detour before entering the spermatheca (Fig. 26 E – F).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC5FFE2FDC5F570FC9CF815.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♀; N-Kivu Province, Visiki, Forêt de Visiki; 0 ° 03 ′ N, 29 ° 15 ′ E; 27 Dec. 1971; M. Lejeune leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 140917.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC5FFE2FDC5F570FC9CF815.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 26) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.0. Carapace length 2.27, width 1.99, height 0.920. COLOUR (Fig. 26 A – B). Cephalothorax entirely yellowish orange; carapace with faint radiating striae; abdomen including spinnerets cream. PROSOMA. Fovea faint, length 0.50, anterior end 1.35 from PME. MOQ length 0.30, anterior width 0.34. AER straight from above, width 0.34. AME circular, other eyes oval; AME 0.15, ALE 0.10, PME 0.08, PLE 0.10; AME – AME: 0.05, AME – ALE: 0.07, PME – PME: 0.21. Clypeus vertical, 0.08, with seven long setae. Chilum absent. Chelicerae: promargin with three teeth of equal size, and two tiny teeth at the base of the fang. Sternum 1.21 long and as wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, F I pl 1. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.50, P: 0.78, T: 2.27, Mt: 2.06, t: 1.49; total: 9.10. LEG FORMULA. 4123. PALP. Female palpal tarsus curved, with sparse scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 26 C – F). Roughly trapezoidal area; copulatory openings with posterior margin delimited by an obliquely sinuous sclerotised margin; copulatory ducts wide, with internal spikes, first running forward and then backwards, ending poorly delimited piriform spermatheca with posteriorly oriented sickle-shaped sclerites. Fertilisation duct indistinct. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC5FFE2FDC5F570FC9CF815.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in D. R. Congo (Fig. 40).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC3FFE4FD2CF570FC9CF815.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 702 F 4 F 0 C-FD 47 - 444 F- 8114 - 2867 A 027 CEAF Figs 27, 39	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC3FFE4FD2CF570FC9CF815.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma helix sp. nov. is characterized by the epigyne with small transversely oval copulatory openings with helicoidal copulatory ducts visible in transparency.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC3FFE4FD2CF570FC9CF815.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a noun in apposition, referring to the shape of the copulatory ducts which are helicoidally wound (Fig. 27 E – F).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC3FFE4FD2CF570FC9CF815.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype IVORY COAST • ♀; Kossou; 5 ° 27 ′ N, 7 ° 00 ′ W; 18 Feb. 1975; R. Jocqué leg.; savannah, pitfalls; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 152957.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC3FFE4FD2CF570FC9CF815.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 27) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.98. Carapace length 1.49, width 1.28, height 0.50. COLOUR (Fig. 27 A – B): cephalothorax entirely yellowish orange, legs yellow, tarsi and metatarsus slightly darker orange; abdomen including spinnerets cream. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.29, anterior end 0.65 from PME. MOQ length 0.18, anterior width 0.23. AER straight from above, width 0.32. All eyes circular, PLE not discernible as if fused with ALE; AME 0.08, ALE 0.10, PME 0.02; AME – AME: 0.07, AME – ALE: 0.05, PME – PME: 0.16. Clypeus vertical, 0.08, Chilum absent. Chelicerae with dorsal and ventral longitudinal groups of long setae. Sternum 1.0 long and as wide. LEG SPINATION (legs II lost). All femora with one dorsal spine; T I v 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2; T III pl 1 rl 1 v 1 - 2 - 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; T IV pl 1 rl 1 v 2 - 2; Mt IV v 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.07, P: 0.50, T: 0.92, Mt: 0.78, t: 0.57; total: 3.84. PALP. Female palpal tarsus curved, with sparse scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 27 C – F). Roughly rectangular area, wider than long, with widely separated, transversely oval copulatory openings; helicoidal copulatory ducts visible in transparency. Copulatory openings near posterior margin with atrium; copulatory ducts first running forward, making five rather loose helicoidal coils, then becoming tightly coiled and running in retrolateral direction, ending in large globular spermathecae; fertilisation ducts short, directed backward. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC3FFE4FD2CF570FC9CF815.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in D. R. Congo (Fig. 39).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC1FFE7FDDFF570FC9CFE4E.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: C 64027 A 2 - 307 F- 460 E- 8217 - F 4 EBEF 966 E 07 Figs 28, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC1FFE7FDDFF570FC9CFE4E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of Andromma juakalyi sp. nov. is small, pale and characterized by the details of the tibial apophyses: the RTA is broad at the base, pointing forward and tapered towards the thin bifid tip; the VTA is T-shaped in lateral view and axe-shaped in ventral view.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC1FFE7FDDFF570FC9CFE4E.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a patronym in honour of Jean-Louis Juakaly, who collected the type specimen. He introduced arachnology at the university of Kisangani and is the first arachnologist of D. R. Congo.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC1FFE7FDDFF570FC9CFE4E.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♂; Tshopo Province, Kisangani, Masako Forest Reserve; 0 ° 36 ′ N, 25 ° 13 ′ E; 25 Mar. 2003; J. L. Juakaly leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 247539. Paratype D. R. CONGO • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 216029.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC1FFE7FDDFF570FC9CFE4E.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 28) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 2.51. Carapace length 1.35, width 1.07, height 0.57. COLOUR (Fig. 28 A – B). Carapace pale yellow with slight orange tinge in cephalic area; chelicerae pale orange; endites, labium, and sternum pale yellow; legs white; abdomen including spinnerets uniform cream. PROSOMA. Fovea faint, length 0.36, anterior end 0.71 from PME. MOQ length 0.21, anterior width 0.23, posterior width 0.21: AER straight from above, width 0.36, PER procurved from above, width 0.43. All eyes circular except PME oval; AME 0.10, ALE 0.07, PLE 0.05, PME 0.05; AME – AME: 0.03, AME – ALE: 0.02, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.12, PLE – PME: 0.08. Clypeus vertical, 0.10, without long setae. Sternum 0.85 long, 0.78 wide. Chilum absent. LEG SUPINATION. Femora with one dorsal spine; T I and T IV lost; T I pl 1 v 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II 2 - 1 - 2; T III pl 1 v 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 1.78, P: 0.71, T: 1.49, Mt: 1.35, t: 0.99; total: 6.32. MALE PALP (Fig. 28 C – F). RTA broad at base, pointing forward and tapered towards thin bifid tip; VTA T-shaped in lateral view, axe-shaped in ventral view; embolus originates at posterior rim of tegulum, runs along prolateral side and curves outward, to slender tip, accompanied by transparent, membranous conductor lying distoretrolaterally; visible part of sperm duct S-shaped. Female Unknown. Variation The somatic characters of the male paratype are quite different from those of the holotype. The specimen is larger: total length 3.83; carapace length 1.56, width 1.49. The colour is much more orange. Spines on the legs are more numerous: all femora with one dorsal spine; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 2 - 2 - 2; T III v 2 - 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; T IV v 2 - 2; Mt IV v 2 - 2.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC1FFE7FDDFF570FC9CFE4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in D. R. Congo (Fig. 40).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCFFFE8FDF6F570FB06F81D.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 11 F 34 E 58 - 37 C 8 - 4 E 65 - B 3 AE- 6773 A 6 EB 2847 Figs 29, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCFFFE8FDF6F570FB06F81D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma katangensis sp. nov. is characterized by the numerous leg spines with several lateral ones on tibia and metatarsus, and by the epigyne with small widely separated copulatory openings.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCFFFE8FDF6F570FB06F81D.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is an adjective, referring to the type location.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCFFFE8FDF6F570FB06F81D.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♀; Katanga, Jadotville, Kasompi; 10 ° 59 ′ S, 25 ° 53 ′ E; Oct. 1956; Z. Bacq leg.; termitière géante, Mission Bacq; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 90890.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCFFFE8FDF6F570FB06F81D.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 29) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.18. Carapace length 2.57, width 2.20, height 0.71. COLOUR (Fig. 29 A – B). Carapace orange, gradually paler towards posterior margin; AME rim dark; fovea reddish; chelicerae orange; endites yellowish orange, paler along median and anterior margins; labium orange, paler in distal half; sternum orange with brownish precoxal triangles; legs yellowish orange; abdomen including spinnerets cream. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.36, anterior end 1.21 from PME. MOQ length 0.26, anterior width 0.33, posterior width 0.34. AER straight from above, width 0.56, PER procurved from above, width 0.76. All eyes circular; AME 0.12, ALE 0.10, PLE 0.08, PME 0.07; AME – AME: 0.10, AME – ALE: 0.05, ALE – PLE: 0.02, PME – PME: 0.34. Clypeus vertical, 0.12, with seven long setae. Chelicerae with dorsal and ventral longitudinal groups of long setae; anterior margin with five teeth, three in a row, the most proximal the smallest and two tiny ones somewhat in a row slightly more inward. Chilum poorly developed, two sclerites, each 0.07 high, 0.15 wide. Sternum 1.56 long, 1.49 wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine; T I pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I rl 1 v 2 - 2 - 2; T II pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II pl 1 rl 1 v 2 - 2 - 2; T III pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt III pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2; T IV pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 1 - 2; Mt IV pl 1 - 1 rl 1 v 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.27, P: 0.85, T: 1.92, Mt: 1.63, t: 1.07; total: 7.74. PALP. Female palpal tarsus curved, with sparse scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 29 C – F). Roughly rectangular area, wider than long, with widely separated, small copulatory openings. Copulatory ducts with six tightly wound coils, ending in well-delimited, globular spermathecae; fertilisation ducts short, pointing in posterior direction. Sickle-shaped sclerites long and curved, also pointing backwards. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCFFFE8FDF6F570FB06F81D.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in D. R. Congo (Fig. 40). The species is termitophilous.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCDFFECFDE2F570FC95FD98.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 09 CBE 9 C 3 - 5143 - 4 D 0 E- 9197 - B 86 CC 8 F 8 ABE 0 Figs 30, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCDFFECFDE2F570FC95FD98.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma ophiophagum sp. nov. is characterized by the epigyne with transversely reniform copulatory openings surrounded by a sclerotised area and by the long copulatory ducts.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCDFFECFDE2F570FC95FD98.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name ophiophagum is an adjective referring to the king cobra, Ophiophagus hannah Cantor, 1836, because the spermatheca and the insemination duct together resemble a king cobra coming out of a basket.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCDFFECFDE2F570FC95FD98.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype D. R. CONGO • ♀; North Kivu, Bulemba, Kivu, vallée de Bulemba, plaine de la Ruindi; 0 ° 47 ′ S, 29 ° 47 ′ E; 1100 m a. s. l.; 17 May 1972; M. Lejeune leg.; beating; RMCA _ ARA _ Ara 144686. Paratypes D. R. CONGO • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype • 1 ♀; North Kivu, Kaisola, Vallée de Kaisola, plaine de la Ruindi; 0 ° 47 ′ N, 29 ° 47 ′ E; 1100 m a. s. l.; 3 Jul. 1972; M. Lejeune; beating; RMCA _ ARA _ Ara 144352. Other material BURUNDI • 1 ♀; Ruzizi, Plaine de la Ruzizi; 3 ° 21 ′ S, 29 ° 17 ′ E; Feb. 1967; S. Ndani leg.; RMCA _ ARA _ Ara 131489.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCDFFECFDE2F570FC95FD98.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 30) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.75. Carapace length 2.13, width 1.92, height 0.78. COLOUR (Fig. 30 A – B). Carapace yellowish orange, paler towards the back; fovea reddish; chelicerae orange; endites yellowish orange, paler along median and anterior margins; labium orange, paler in distal half; sternum pale yellow with brownish margins and brown precoxal triangles; legs orange; abdomen dorsum pale grey, venter and spinnerets pale cream. PROSOMA. Fovea: length 0.36, anterior end 1.14 from PME. MOQ length 0.30, anterior width 0.25, posterior width 0.30, AER straight from above, width 0.50, PER procurved from above, width 0.54. All eyes circular; AME 0.12, ALE 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.05; AME – AME: 0.03, AME – ALE: touching, ALE – PLE: 0.16, PME – PME: 0.20. Clypeus vertical, 0.16, with four long setae. Chilum two poorly delimited sclerites, each 0.7 high, 0.16 wide. Sternum 1.42 long, 1.35 wide. Chelicerae: promargin with three teeth, the proximal one small; retromargin with one tiny tooth near fang base. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. F: 2.13, P: 0.85, T: 1.70, Mt: 1.56, t: 0.99; total: 7.23. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; T III rl 1 v 1 - 2; T IV pl 1 v 1 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 1 - 2; Mt III v 2 - 2; Mt IV v 1 - 2. PALP. Female palpal tarsus slightly curved with well-developed scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 30 C – F). Roughly rectangular area, wider than long, with posterior margin slightly sinuous, central part concave; widely separated transverse reniform copulatory openings surrounded by sclerotised area. Copulatory ducts with three loose coils followed by a tightly coiled stretch running in retrolateral direction and ending in widely separated piriform spermathecae. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCDFFECFDE2F570FC95FD98.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known from the localities in eastern D. R. Congo (Fig. 40).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCBFFEEFDCAF6DBFB65FCFA.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 5 B 10395 A-F 137 - 4 BA 6 - A 29 F- 52 D 614 ED 5803 Figs 31, 39	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCBFFEEFDCAF6DBFB65FCFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The female of Andromma prosopion sp. nov. is characterized by the epigyne with large obliquely oval copulatory openings separated by their long axis.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCBFFEEFDCAF6DBFB65FCFA.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is a noun in apposition from the Greek ‘ προσωπεiον’, meaning ‘ mask’, because the epigyne resembles a mask (Fig. 31 C – D).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCBFFEEFDCAF6DBFB65FCFA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype CAMEROON • ♀; Faro Game Reserve; 8 ° 58 ′ N, 13 ° 42 ′ E; 21 Apr. 2007; R. Jocqué, K. Loosveldt, L. Baert and M. Alderweireldt leg.; wooded savannah, termite mound; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 221315. Paratype CAMEROON • 1 ♀; Hossere Vokre, western slope; 8 ° 02 ′ N, 12 ° 49 ′ E; 270 m a. s. l.; 22 Apr. 1983; R. Bosmans and J. Van Stalle leg.; Faro River, degraded savannah; BE _ RMCA _ ARA _ Ara 162783.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCBFFEEFDCAF6DBFB65FCFA.taxon	description	Description Female (holotype, Fig. 31) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 4.76. Carapace length 2.13, width 1.78, height 0.92. COLOUR (Fig. 31 A – B). Carapace yellowish orange, gradually paler towards posterior margin; legs and palp yellowish orange; fovea reddish; chelicerae orange; endites yellowish orange, paler along median and anterior margins; labium orange, paler in distal half; sternum orange with dark brown precoxal triangles; abdomen uniform grey with pale ring around yellow spinnerets. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.36, anterior end 1.14 from PME. MOQ length 0.25, anterior width 0.28, posterior width 0.31. AER straight from above, width 0.51, PER procurved from above, width 0.57. All eyes circular; AME 0.12, ALE 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.05; AME – AME: 0.02, AME – ALE: 0.03, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.21. Clypeus vertical, 0.15, with four long setae. Chelicerae with few setae. Sternum 1.35 long, 1.28 wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, F I pl; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; T III pl 1 v 1 - 2; T IV pl 1 rl 1 v 2; Mt IV pl 1 rl 1 v 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.06, P: 0.71, T: 1.63, Mt: 1.56, t: 0.99; total: 6.95. PALP. Female palpal tarsus curved, with scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 31 C – F). Roughly rectangular area, wider than long, with posterior rim sinuous with small, triangular, central protrusion; large obliquely oval copulatory openings separated by their long axis. Copulatory ducts tightly consisting of three loose coils followed by a tightly wound stretch running in posterior direction, ending in well-delimited globular spermathecae; sickle-shaped sclerites ducts procurved. Fertilisation ducts posterior, short and indistinct. Male Unknown.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFCBFFEEFDCAF6DBFB65FCFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the northern Cameroon (Fig. 39). The species is termitophilous.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC9FF93FDFAF73DFD84FDFA.taxon	description	Figs 1 B, 32 – 35, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC9FF93FDFAF73DFD84FDFA.taxon	discussion	Remark Type material of Andromma raffrayi inhacorense not seen.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC9FF93FDFAF73DFD84FDFA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Males of Andromma raffrayi differ from all other males of Andromma by the palp with a VTA which is anvil-shaped in ventral view and a RTA consisting of two horns. The female is recognized by the epigyne with a sinuous posterior margin and oval copulatory openings separated by their long axis.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC9FF93FDFAF73DFD84FDFA.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Lectotype (here designated) SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; Cape Good Hope; around 1897; A. Raffray leg.; MNHN AR 1673. Collected deep within ant nests of Plagiolepis (= Anoplolepis) fallax (Mayr, 1865), together with a specimen of Pentaplatarthrus paussoides Westwood, 1833 (Carabidae). Paralectotype SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♀; same collection data as for lectotype; MNHN AR 1673. Other material NAMIBIA • 1 ♀; Sitwa near Choy, 10 km S of Kongola, camp of ‘ Water Affairs’; 17 ° 50 ′ S, 23 ° 25 ′ E; R. Jocqué leg.; by night in vicinity of ant’s nest; BE _ RMCA _ ARA _ Ara 168628. SOUTH AFRICA • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ndumo Game Reserve, Mahemane-Mgagabuhleni Roads; 26 ° 53 ′ S, 32 ° 12 ′ E; 20 Jun. 2008; C. Haddad and F. Jordaan leg.; under logs in Albizia Durazz., 1772; savannah; BE _ RMCA _ ARA _ Ara 220165. Translation of original description	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC9FF93FDFAF73DFD84FDFA.taxon	description	MF length 3 mm. Cephalothorax dull orange, laterally and posteriorly gradually fainter, smooth, oval and rather convex. In the middle rather densely and towards the margin more sparingly covered with black hairs. Eight eyes: anterior eyes closely spaced, AER slightly procurved, AME dark and round, more than four times the size of the pale ALE. All posterior eyes pale, PER strongly procurved, PME very small, closer to PLE than to each other. Median ocular quadrangle much wider than long and narrower anteriorly. Clypeus slightly slanting, larger than diameter of AME. Abdomen short and oval, convex, a pale brownish yellow, sparsely covered in short hairs. Spinnerets brownish yellow, the anterior ones somewhat tapering, narrowly spaced. Chelicerae brownish orange, rather smooth, strong, long and cylindrical, with a lengthy, strong fang. Cheliceral rims long and oblique, with three equidistant teeth on anterior rim, the one furthest from fang base smaller, and one small tooth close to fang base on posterior rim. Mouthparts brownish yellow. Sternum a pale brownish yellow, smooth and shiny. Legs rather robust, with rather short hairs, brownish orange, base of coxae and femora, as well as patellae, being paler. Tarsi of anterior legs longer than those of posterior legs, slightly shorter than metatarsi. Epigyne large, a bit wider than high, anterior and posterior end truncated, somewhat narrower posteriorly, dark reddish brown and smooth. On both sides an oval depression including a yellow-brown tubercle. Female palp yellow-brown, tibia cylindrical, somewhat longer than patella, tarsus flattened and slightly curved, longer and a bit thicker than tibia. Male palp brownish orange, darker at the end. Femur strong and slightly curved. Patella convex, tibia about as long as patella and a bit thicker. Tibia retrolaterally with two dark, pointed and subequal apophyses and a more or less ventral, ruddy and flattened apical apophysis with an abruptly narrowing tip and a deep, noticeable fold. Tarsus broadly oval, convex. Lives on the promontorium of Cape Good Hope. Original Latin text: Simon (1899: 180, fig. 32). Additional description data Male (BE _ RMCA _ ARA _ Ara 220165, Figs 34 A – B, 35 A – B) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.34. Carapace length 2.20, width 1.35, height 0.78. COLOUR (Figs 33 A – B, 34 A – B). Carapace orange, gradually paler towards posterior margin, with dark area around AME, reddish fovea and dispersed darker setae pointing forward; chelicerae orange; endites and labium yellowish orange, pale along anterior margin; sternum yellow with thin dark brown margin; legs with pale yellow femora, remainder yellowish orange; abdomen cream with dispersed darker setae and thin orange transverse stripe at sperm pore. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.28, anterior end 0.78 from PME. MOQ length 0.18, anterior width 0.25, posterior width 0.25, AER straight from above, width 0.38, PER procurved from above, width 0.44. AME circular, remainder oval; AME 0.12, ALE and PLE 0.04, PME 0.03. AME – AME: 0.03, AME – ALE: 0.02, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.15. Clypeus vertical, 0.10, with eight long setae. Chilum absent. Chelicerae with three promarginal teeth. Sternum 1.14 long, as wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine. Fe P T Mt t total I lost II 1.19 0.56 0.98 0.84 0.70 4.27 III 0.98 0.49 0.77 0.84 0.63 3.71 IV 0.91 0.49 1.05 1.19 0.70 4.34 MALE PALP (Figs 33 E – H, 35 A – B). VTA anvil-shaped, bifid, RTA a two-horned prong; embolus long, originating on posteromedial part of tegulum, curved along anterior cymbial margin, distal part strongly curved out and backward along membranous conductor positioned distomedially. Female (BE _ RMCA _ ARA _ Ara 220165, Figs 34 – 35) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 3.34. Carapace length 2.20, width 1.35, height 0.62. COLOUR (Fig. 34 C – D). As in male. The female paralectotype (MNHN AR 1673) is strongly bleached (Fig. 33 C – D). PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.36, anterior end 1.21 from PME. MOQ length 0.34, anterior width 0.33, posterior width 0.41, AER straight from above, width 0.59, PER procurved from above, width 0.71. AME circular, remainder oval; AME 0.12, ALE and PLE 0.07, PME 0.05; AME – AME: 0.10, AME – ALE: 0.07, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.30. Clypeus vertical, 0.12, with eight long setae. Chilum two trianguar sclerites, each 0.03 high, 0.04 wide. Chelicerae with three teeth on promargin and one small teeh near fang base. Sternum 1.28 long, 1.42 wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine. Preening brush on metatarsus III. Tarsi slightly widened towards tip. Fe P T Mt t total I 2.17 0.84 1.82 1.54 1.12 7.49 II 2.03 0.77 1.61 1.61 1.12 7.14 III 1.89 0.70 1.40 1.68 0.84 6.51 IV 2.24 0.70 1.82 2.03 0.91 7.70 LEG FORMULA. 4123. EPIGYNE (Figs 33 I – J, 35 C – G). Roughly heart-shaped, with an oval copulatory opening on either side of the center, leading to the first stretch of the copulation duct which is kidney-shaped in transverse section (Fig. 35 C); copulatory ducts voluminous, intricately wound, with poorly delimited small spermathecae. Fertilisation duct indistinct.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFC9FF93FDFAF73DFD84FDFA.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Africa, Namibia, Mozambique (Fig. 40). The species is myrmecophilous. Note on synonymy Comparing the illustrations of Andromma raffrayi in Simon (1989) with those of Lessert (1936) and Dippenaar et al. (2021: 7) leads to the conclusion that there is no objective reason to consider A. raffrayi inhacorennsis as a valid subspecies.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFB3FF98FDD3F570FC78FE4B.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 655 BAB 38 - F 318 - 48 FC-BC 06 - 5 AE 8 D 26 EABFA Figs 36 – 37, 40	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFB3FF98FDD3F570FC78FE4B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis The male of Andromma velum sp. nov. is characterized by the VTA which looks like a sail pointing in retrolateral direction, the female by the epigyne with typical ear-shaped sclerotised plates.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFB3FF98FDD3F570FC78FE4B.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name is from the Latin ‘ velum’, meaning ‘ sail’, and referring to the VTA, resembling a sail (Fig. 36 C – D).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFB3FF98FDD3F570FC78FE4B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype MALAWI • ♂; Nkhata Bay, Nkwazi evergreen forest; 11 ° 36 ′ S, 34 ° 18 ′ E; 23 Nov. – 19 Dec. 1978; R. Jocqué leg.; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 153251. Paratype MALAWI • 1 ♀; 7 Apr. 1978; further collection data as for holotype; BE _ RMCA _ ARA. Ara 153005.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFB3FF98FDD3F570FC78FE4B.taxon	description	Description Male (holotype, Fig. 36) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 5.68. Carapace length 2.84, width 2.49; height 0.85. COLOUR (Fig. 36 A – B). Carapace, chelicerae, sternum and legs orange; endites with paler distal margin; abdomen pale grey. PROSOMA. Fovea 0.69 long at 1.28 from PME. AER straight from above, width 0.66. AME 0.16, ALE 0.08, PME 0.03, PLE 0.08; AME – AME: 0.03, AME – ALE: 0.07, ALE – PLE: 0.15, PME – PLE: touching. Clypeus vertical, 0.18, with four long setae. Chilum two sclerites, each 0.05 high, 0.16 wide. Sternum 1.78 long, 1.56 wide. Chelicerae: promargin with five teeth, the first and third the smallest and slightly out of line towards back. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine, T I pl 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II v 1 - 2 - 2; T III pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2; Mt III pl 1 rl 1 v 2 - 2; T IV pl 1 rl 1 v 2 - 2; Mt IV none. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.84, P: 1.21, T: 2.70, Mt: 2.41, t: 1.42; total: 10.58. MALE PALP (Fig. 36 C – F). VTA sail-shaped in ventral view, consisting of two complicated, platelike sclerites, RTA small, subtriangular with a slightly hooked tip. Bulbus about half as long as cymbium, sinuous sperm duct visible in retrolateral part of tegulum. Embolus originating on posterior part of tegulum, running along its prolateral edge, ending in a sharp, ventrally curved tip accompanied by a lancet-shaped membranous conductor positioned retrolaterally on anterior rim of bulbus. Female (paratype, Fig. 37) MEASUREMENTS. Total length 6.39. Carapace length 2.84, width 2.49, height 1.07. COLOUR (Fig. 37 A – B). Carapace orange, gradually paler towards posterior margin; AME rim dark; fovea reddish; chelicerae orange; endites yellowish orange, paler along median and anterior margins; labium orange, paler in distal half; sternum orange with brownish precoxal triangles; legs yellowish orange; abdomen cream, spinnerets yellowish orange. PROSOMA. Fovea pronounced, length 0.47, anterior end 1.41 from PME. MOQ length 0.33, anterior width 0.34, posterior width 0.38. AER straight from above, width 0.72, PER procurved from above, width 0.79. All eyes circular; AME 0.13, ALE 0.08, PLE 0.07, PME 0.06; AME – AME: 0.08, AME – ALE: 0.10, ALE – PLE: touching, PME – PME: 0.26. Clypeus vertical, 0.21, with six long setae. Chelicerae: promargin with five teeth as in male. Chilum: two sclerites, each 0.05 high, 0.20 wide. Sternum 1.78 long, 1.63 wide. LEG SPINATION. All femora with one dorsal spine; T I v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt I v 2 - 2 - 2; T II pl 1 - 1 rl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2; Mt II pl 1 v 2 - 2; T III pl 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2; Mt III pl 1 - 1 rl 1 v 2 - 2; T IV v 2 - 2; Mt IV pl 1 - 1 rl 1 v 2 - 2. LEG I MEASUREMENTS. Fe: 2.98, P: 1.14, T: 2.49, Mt: 2.27, t: 1.49; total: 10.37. FEMALE PALPAL TARSUS. Curved, with sparse scopula. EPIGYNE (Fig. 37 C – F). Roughly square area with two ear-shaped heavily sclerotised plates, each containing a longitudinally oval depression provided with a small, inconspicuous copulatory opening; copulatory ducts with straight part running forward and coiled part running backward ending in poorly delimited spermathecae slightly wider than last part of copulatory ducts; fertilisation ducts short, wide, straight.	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
9C479E6BFFB3FF98FDD3F570FC78FE4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Known only from the type locality in central Malawi (Fig. 40).	en	Bosselaers, Jan, Jocqué, Rudy (2022): Studies in the Liocranidae (Araneae): revision of Andromma Simon, 1893. European Journal of Taxonomy 850: 1-78, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2022.850.1997
