identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9C4B878FFFA3E2028DF1FC0AFA74D86E.text	9C4B878FFFA3E2028DF1FC0AFA74D86E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Criodion spinosum	<div><p>Criodion spinosum sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 1–3)</p><p>Description. Female. Integument dark-brown; pubescence and setae straw-colored, except for yellow pubescence on anterior and posterior margins of prothorax and scutellum.</p><p>Head. Frons centrally tumid, coarsely, confluently punctate; pubescence centrally sparse, laterally denser. Clypeus laterally notably tumid; coarsely, moderately abundantly and shallowly punctate; pubescence centrally sparse, laterally denser, interspersed with long and very long, sparse setae. Antennal tubercles remarkably raised, forming as flap-like upon part of lower eye lobes; centrally deeply emarginated; area in front emargination with moderately large, deep depression; with a wide, well-marked longitudinal sulcus from near depression towards posterior side; surface coarsely, confluently punctate, coarse punctate-rugose on some areas; pubescence sparse, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes with raised longitudinal carina, narrowed, more elevated between upper eye lobes. Vertex punctate-rugose; pubescence sparse, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Area behind upper eye lobes coarsely, moderately sparsely punctate; pubescence sparse, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Area behind lower eye lobes tumid and coarse punctate-rugose close to eye, finer, sparser punctate towards anterior margin of prothorax; pubescence on tumid region moderately sparse, interspersed with abundant long setae; pubescence sparser on remaining surface, mainly towards anterior margin of prothorax. Genal apex projected forward; coarse sparse punctate on basal half, distinctly sparser, finer on distal half; pubescence sparse on basal half, almost glabrous on distal half. Gula finely, sparsely punctate; transversely, moderately deeply sulcate; almost glabrous. Submentum coarsely, sparsely punctate; with wide, very deep, transverse sulcus near middle; with sparse, short setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Mandibles laterally coarsely, confluently punctate; with short, moderately sparse, short setae, interspersed with long setae. Distance between upper eye lobes equal to 0.6 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes, in frontal view, about equal to length of scape. Antennae as long as 1.2 times elytral length; reaching elytral distal quarter; scape, pedicel and antennomeres with short, sparse pubescence (denser throughout on inner half), interspersed with moderately abundant long setae, mainly on inner half (longer, present throughout on antennomere III); antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.78; pedicel = 0.19; IV = 0.45; V = 0.59; VI = 0.59; VII = 0.57; VIII = 0.53; IX = 0.51; X = 0.45; XI = 0.55.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax slightly wider than long. Lateral sides of prothorax with central, blunt tubercle; pubescence and sculpture similar to that of lateral of pronotum.</p><p>Anterior lateral sides of pronotum distinctly downgraded; raised area with smooth, glabrous central callosity, laterally with distinct, confluent gibbosities; anterior region of raised area finely, abundantly punctate; remaining surface of raised area coarsely punctate-rugose, interspersed with fine, sparse punctures; remaining surface of pronotum coarse, vermiculate-punctate, mainly laterally; pubescence centrally sparse, mainly on distal two-thirds, laterally denser, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Prosternum with two wide, deep, transverse sulcus; basal half coarse, confluent punctate, pubescence denser inside transverse sulcus, interspersed with long, sparse setae; anterior half with oblique, moderately fine vermiculation, with sparse short setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Prosternal process with short, moderately abundant setae on basal half, interspersed with long, sparse setae; posterior half laterally with short pubescence, centrally almost glabrous; vertically sloped after procoxae. Metathorax laterally with fine, sparse punctures, gradually sparser towards middle; with short, moderately abundant setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Scutellum laterally abundantly pubescent, centrally almost glabrous on basal and distal third. Elytra. Finely, moderately abundantly punctate; with short, sparse setae throughout, interspersed with long, sparse setae; apex rounded, with short spine at sutural angle.</p><p>Abdomen. Urosternites finely, sparsely punctate, mainly centrally on urosternite I; covered with short, moderately abundant setae, interspersed with long, sparse. Legs. Inner apex of mesofemora, and inner and outer apex of metafemora with short spiniform projection; metatarsomere I about as long as 0.8 times length of II-III together.</p><p>Male. Antennae as long as 1.6 times elytral length; reaching elytral apex at basal third of antennomere XI; antennomere XI almost divided in two segments after middle; antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.56; pedicel = 0.16; IV = 0.45; V = 0.60; VI = 0.56; VII = 0.56; VIII = 0.54; IX = 0.54; X = 0.56; XI = 0.80.</p><p>Variability in females. Outer elytral apex slightly projected; elytral sutural angle with very distinct spine.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: 20 km N Camiri (Road to Eity; 1250 m; 6–8 km E highway 9; 19º52’S / 63º29’W), 5–10.XII.2012, Wappes, Bonaso and Skillman col. (MNKM). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 1 male, 2 females (ACMT); 1 female (MZSP).</p><p>Dimensions in mm (male/ holotype female/ female). Total length, 34.7/36.0/35.2–41.0; length of prothorax at center, 6.2/6.4/6.1–7.1; largest width of prothorax, 7.4/7.3/7.5–8.1; anterior width of prothorax, 6.2/5.7/6.5–7.7; posterior width of prothorax, 5.9/6.1/6.0–6.6; humeral width, 7.3/8.3/8.4–9.5; elytral length, 21.6/23.2/22.2–26.0.</p><p>Etymology. Latin, spinosum = spiny; allusive to the apex of metafemora.</p><p>Remarks. Criodion spinosum sp. nov. differs from C. subpubescens Martins &amp; Monné, 2005 (female) as follow: antennal tubercles coarsely rugose; carina in the area between antennal tubercles and eyes narrower and raised; scape rugose; pronotal pubescence distinctly sparse; anterior third of pronotum without a distinct tubercle at center; central callosity of pronotum narrower; elytral pubescence slightly long and sparse; apex of metafemora with short spine at inner and outer angles. In C. subpubescens the antennal tubercles are slightly rugose (almost just punctate), the carina in the area between antennal tubercles and eyes is wider and moderately low, only the scape is punctate, the pronotal pubescence is denser, the anterior third of pronotum has a central tubercle, the central callosity of pronotum is wider, the elytral pubescence is slightly shorter and denser, the apex of metafemora has rounded lobes.</p><p>Criodion spinosum can be included in the alternative of couplet “1”, from Martins &amp; Monné (2005) (translated; modified):</p><p>1. Elytra with sparse pubescence, not obliterating integument.................................................... 1’ - Elytra with pubescence distinctly dense throughout.......................................................... 2 1(1’). Antennal tubercles slightly rugose (almost just punctate); pronotal pubescence dense; apex of metafemora with rounded lobes.</p><p>Brazil (Amazonas)......................................................................... C. subpubescens - Antennal tubercles coarsely rugose; pronotal pubescence sparse, mainly centrally; apex of metafemora with short spine at</p><p>outer and inner sides. Bolivia ............................................................ C. spinosum sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4B878FFFA3E2028DF1FC0AFA74D86E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galileo, Maria Helena M.;Martins, Ubirajara R.;Santos-Silva, Antonio	Galileo, Maria Helena M., Martins, Ubirajara R., Santos-Silva, Antonio (2015): New species of Cerambycinae from the Neotropical Region, and nomen novum for Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins, and Santos-Silva, 2014 (Elaphidiini). Zootaxa 3986 (3): 373-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.6
9C4B878FFFA1E2048DF1F974FA74DFB0.text	9C4B878FFFA1E2048DF1F974FA74DFB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eburodacrys wappesi	<div><p>Eburodacrys wappesi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 4–6, 12)</p><p>Description. Integument orange-brown; distal two-thirds of elytra slightly paler; lateral tubercles of prothorax and anterolateral tubercles on pronotum black; central tubercle on pronotum brown; apex of profemora brown; distal third of mandibles and projections at apex of meso- and metafemora blackish; tarsal claws brownish; small brown macula at apex of anterior eburneous macula of elytra; brownish around posterior eburneous maculae of elytra (mainly anteriorly).</p><p>Head. Frons coarsely, shallowly, confluently punctate; with short, sparsely, yellowish setae, interspersed with sparse long setae. Centro-basal half of clypeus with sculpture as on frons, centrally almost glabrous, laterally with short, sparse setae; distal half and lateral more distinct, abundantly punctate, setae as on frons, with one very long setae on each side. Basal two-thirds of antennal tubercles with sculpture and pubescence as on frons; distal third smooth, glabrous. Vertex with sculpture shallower, sparser than on frons (almost smooth between upper eye lobes); setae shorter, sparser than on frons. Area behind upper eye lobes shallowly punctate; with short, yellowish setae. Area behind lower eye lobes transversely punctate-striate towards anterior margin of prothorax; with short, sparse, yellowish setae. Genal apex almost smooth, with short yellowish setae, interspersed with long and very long setae, glabrous, smooth towards apex. Gula smooth, almost glabrous. Submentum shallowly punctate; with short, sparse, yellowish setae, interspersed with very long, sparse, yellowish setae. Mandibles laterally with short, long and very long setae (the latter at basal third). Distance between upper eye lobes equal to 0.40 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes, in frontal view, equal to 0.85 times length of scape. Antennae as long as 2.3 times elytral length; reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere VII; dorsal surface of scape with longitudinal, deep sulcus; pedicel and antennomeres with long, sparse, yellowish setae (mainly on pedicel and basal antennomeres); antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.61; pedicel = 0.13; IV = 0.83; V = 0.84; VI = 0.84; VII = 0.81; VIII = 0.81; IX = 0.73; X = 0.69; XI = 0.85.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax (including lateral tubercles) 1.3 times wider than long. Lateral sides of prothorax with conical, large tubercle about middle. Pronotum (Fig. 12) distinct, transversely striate; laterally not distinctly punctate; with short, sparse, yellowish setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae; anterolateral tubercles conical, very distinct; central tubercle elongate, not very distinctly raised; laterobasal tubercles as central one. Basal twothirds of prosternum transversely striate, with short, sparse, yellowish setae (more abundant towards procoxal cavities); anterior third finely, transversely striate, with coarse, shallow punctures. Prosternal process distinctly enlarged near apex of procoxae. Mesosternal process deeply emarginate at apex. Mesosternum without tubercle. Metasternum laterally pubescent, with short, sparse setae towards middle. Scutellum centrally with short, sparse, yellowish setae. Elytra. Moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal two-thirds, sparser on distal third; with short interspersed with long, sparse, yellowish setae; eburneous maculae elongate; base with single eburneous macula between scutellum and humerus; about middle two eburneous maculae, near each other, the innermost smaller, starting before base of outermost; apex truncate, with large spine at outer angle and small spine at sutural angle.</p><p>Abdomen. Urosternites with sparse, short, yellowish setae throughout, laterally distinctly denser. Legs. Spiny projection of inner apex of meso- and metafemora very long.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: 4 km SSE Buena Vista (Hotel Flora &amp; Fauna; 17º29’S / 63º39’W; 300–400 m), 17.X.2011, Skillman and Wappes col. (MNKM). Paratype male same data as holotype, except for 20.X.2011 (ACMT).</p><p>Dimensions in mm (male). Total length, 14.7–21.5; length of prothorax at center, 2.8–4.0; largest width of prothorax, 3.3–5.0; anterior width of prothorax, 2.1–3.5; posterior width of prothorax, 2.6–4.1; humeral width, 3.4– 5.7; elytral length, 10.0–14.7. The smallest dimensions are those of the holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for James E. Wappes (ACMT), for his friendship and constant help with specimens to study.</p><p>Remarks. Eburodacrys wappesi sp. nov. is similar to E. skillmani sp. nov., but differs as follows: vertex with short, sparse setae; central tubercle of pronotum distinct (Fig. 12); pronotum with very sparse setae; lateral tubercle of pronotum conical, large; eburneous maculae of middle area of elytra near each other; elytra with short, sparse setae interspersed with long, sparse setae throughout. In E. skillmani the setae on vertex are distinctly more abundant, the central tubercle of pronotum is not distinct (Fig. 10), the pronotum has setae distinctly more abundant, the lateral tubercle of pronotum is smaller, the eburneous maculae of middle area of elytra are more spaced from each other, the elytra has not long setae throughout, and has distinctly more abundant pubescence. Eburodacrys wappesi sp. nov. can be separated from E. fortunata Lameere, 1884 (Fig. 11) by the distinct, brownish central tubercle on pronotum (less raised, not brownish in E. fortunata), and by the eburneous maculae of middle area of elytra more near each other and with different size (more distant each other and about same length in E. fortunata). It also differs from E. raripila Bates, 1870 mainly by the mesosternum without tubercle (with tubercles in E. raripila). and E. monticola Monné &amp; Martins, 1973 mainly by the punctures on basal half of elytra finer (coarser in E. monticola).</p><p>Eburodacrys wappesi can be included in the alternative of couplet “58”, from Martins (1999) (translated; modified):</p><p>58(55). Outermost eburneous macula of the central region of the elytra twice as long as innermost.......................... 58’ - Outermost eburneous macula of the central region of the elytra as long as innermost or just longer.................... 59 58’(58). Mesosternum with tubercle; metafemora surpassing elytral apex. French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Mato Grosso).......</p><p>.................................................................................. E. raripila Bates, 1870 - Mesosternum without tubercle; metafemora not reaching elytral apex. Bolivia ...................... E. wappesi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4B878FFFA1E2048DF1F974FA74DFB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galileo, Maria Helena M.;Martins, Ubirajara R.;Santos-Silva, Antonio	Galileo, Maria Helena M., Martins, Ubirajara R., Santos-Silva, Antonio (2015): New species of Cerambycinae from the Neotropical Region, and nomen novum for Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins, and Santos-Silva, 2014 (Elaphidiini). Zootaxa 3986 (3): 373-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.6
9C4B878FFFA7E2068DF1FE7DFA73DCD8.text	9C4B878FFFA7E2068DF1FE7DFA73DCD8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eburodacrys skillmani	<div><p>Eburodacrys skillmani sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 7–10)</p><p>Description. Integument reddish-brown; distal antennomeres, distal half of elytra, and parts of legs slightly paler; anterolateral tubercles on pronotum black; distal extreme of profemora brown; distal third of mandibles and projections at apex of meso- and metafemora blackish; each elytron with four narrow, longitudinal, yellowish band: three dorsal, and one lateral; tarsal claws brownish. Setae yellowish.</p><p>Head. Frons centrally smooth; laterally sparsely, finely punctate; centrally, close to antennal tubercles, finely, abundantly punctate; smooth area with short, very sparse setae; lateral sides with short, moderately abundant setae. Clypeus finely, sparsely punctate; with moderately abundant short setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Basal two-thirds of antennal tubercles coarsely, shallowly, confluently punctate; distal third smooth, glabrous; basal twothirds with short, sparse setae. Area between upper eye lobes centrally almost smooth, with sparse setae; laterally finely, abundant punctate, with short, sparse setae. Area between posterior margin of upper eye lobes and anterior margin of prothorax moderately finely, abundant punctate; with short, sparse setae. Area behind upper eye lobes, coarsely, confluently, shallowly punctate; with short moderately sparse setae. Area behind lower eye lobes transversely punctate-striate (fine punctures); with short, sparse setae (very sparse towards anterior edge of prothorax). Genal apex moderately coarsely, confluently punctate (smooth at extreme); with short sparse setae. Gula smooth, glabrous. Submentum smooth; with short, sparse setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Mandibles laterally coarsely, confluently punctate at basal two-thirds; with short, sparse setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Distance between upper eye lobes equal to 0.45 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes, in frontal view, equal to 0.85 times length of scape. Antennae as long as 3.0 times elytral length; reaching elytral apex at distal third of antennomere VI; dorsal surface of scape with longitudinal, deep sulcus; pedicel and antennomeres with long, sparse setae (mainly on pedicel and basal antennomeres); antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.50; pedicel = 0.13; IV = 0.95; V = 0.98; VI = 1.02; VII = 1.02; VIII = 1.00; IX = 0.95; X = 0.87; XI = 1.22.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax (including lateral tubercles) about as wide as long. Lateral sides of prothorax with conical, moderately large tubercle about middle; area between base and apex of tubercle densely punctate, with moderately abundant, short setae; area between apex o tubercle and anterior margin transversely striate, almost glabrous. Pronotum (Fig. 10) transversely striate-punctate (punctures laterally more distinct); with short, sparse setae, laterally distinctly denser, interspersed with long, sparse setae; anterolateral tubercles conical, very distinct; central tubercle elongate, slightly marked; laterobasal tubercles as central one. Basal half of prosternum punctate, with short, moderately abundant setae; distal half very finely, sparsely punctate, with fine, transverse striae, mainly on anterior third, with short, sparse setae. Prosternal process distinctly enlarged near apex of procoxae. Mesosternal process deeply emarginate at apex. Mesosternum without tubercle. Metasternum laterally pubescent, with short, sparse setae towards middle. Scutellum with short, moderately abundant setae. Elytra. Moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal two-thirds, sparser on distal third; with moderately abundant short setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae on basal third; eburneous maculae elongate; base with single eburneous macula between scutellum and humerus; about middle two eburneous maculae, slightly near each other, the innermost smaller, oblique, starting before base of outermost; apex truncate, with large spine at outer angle and small spine at sutural angle.</p><p>Abdomen. Urosternites with sparse, short setae throughout, laterally distinctly denser. Legs. Spiny projection of inner apex of meso- and metafemora very long.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: 4 km SSE Buena Vista (Hotel Flora &amp; Fauna; 17º29’S / 63º39’W; 300–400 m), 20.X.2011, Skillman and Wappes col. (MNKM). Paratype female, same data as holotype (ACMT).</p><p>Dimensions in mm (male/female). Total length, 14.7/16.2; length of prothorax at center, 2.8/3.1; largest width of prothorax, 3.3/3.6; anterior width of prothorax, 2.1/2.3; posterior width of prothorax, 2.6/2.9; humeral width, 3.4/3.8; elytral length, 10.0/10.9. The smallest dimensions are those of the holotype.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named for Frederick W. Skillman Jr., one of the collectors of the holotype.</p><p>Remarks. Eburodacrys skillmani sp. nov. is similar to E. fortunata (Fig. 11), but differs as follows: pronotum distinctly more pubescent; elytra with short setae throughout; lateral sides of prothorax less distinctly striate; and lateral sides of prothorax with short, abundant setae on basal half. In E. fortunata, the pronotum, elytra and lateral sides of prothorax have sparse and long setae, and the lateral sides of prothorax are more distinctly striate. The new species differs from E. monticola mainly by the punctures on basal half of elytra finer (coarser in E. monticola). See remarks on E. wappesi .</p><p>Eburodacrys skillmani can be included in the alternative of couplet “52”, from Martins (1999) (translated):</p><p>52’(51). Distance between elytral eburneous maculae on middle of elytra about as wide as one macula. Bolivia ... E. skillmani sp. nov. - Distance between elytral eburneous maculae on middle of elytra distinctly smaller than width of one macula............. 52</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4B878FFFA7E2068DF1FE7DFA73DCD8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galileo, Maria Helena M.;Martins, Ubirajara R.;Santos-Silva, Antonio	Galileo, Maria Helena M., Martins, Ubirajara R., Santos-Silva, Antonio (2015): New species of Cerambycinae from the Neotropical Region, and nomen novum for Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins, and Santos-Silva, 2014 (Elaphidiini). Zootaxa 3986 (3): 373-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.6
9C4B878FFFA5E2068DF1FCDFFB28DAC8.text	9C4B878FFFA5E2068DF1FCDFFB28DAC8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anelaphus erakyra	<div><p>Anelaphus erakyra, nomen novum</p><p>Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins &amp; Santos-Silva, 2014: 280 .</p><p>Chemsak &amp; Noguera (1993) described Peranoplium maculatum from Mexico (Jalisco). Lingafelter (1998) transferred the species to Anelaphus Linsley, 1936 . Thus, A. maculatus Galileo et al. (2014) is a junior homonym and needs a new name. In the abstract, Galileo et al. (2014) recorded: “Five new Elaphidiini species are described from Bolivia including Anelaphus maculatus sp. nov. from Tarija…” Nevertheless, the holotype is from Department of Santa Cruz, as recorded in the “ type material”: “ Holotype male, BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: 20 km N Camiri, road to Eyti, 1250 m, 6–8 km E Hwy. 9, 19°52’S 63°29’W ”.</p><p>Etymology. Tupi, era = name; kyra = new, referring to a new name for a junior homonym.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4B878FFFA5E2068DF1FCDFFB28DAC8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galileo, Maria Helena M.;Martins, Ubirajara R.;Santos-Silva, Antonio	Galileo, Maria Helena M., Martins, Ubirajara R., Santos-Silva, Antonio (2015): New species of Cerambycinae from the Neotropical Region, and nomen novum for Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins, and Santos-Silva, 2014 (Elaphidiini). Zootaxa 3986 (3): 373-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.6
9C4B878FFFA5E2088DF1FA2DFA74DBCF.text	9C4B878FFFA5E2088DF1FA2DFA74DBCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eupempelus rileyorum	<div><p>Eupempelus rileyorum sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 13–15)</p><p>Description. Head orange, except for: parts of frons, genae, antennal tubercles, central area of postclypeus, anterior area of submentum black; longitudinal central band on frons brownish, with reddish-brown area on each side; lateral sides of postclypeus reddish-brown. Mandibles, metathorax, abdomen, legs (except for pro- and mesocoxae), scape (except for orangish condyle), pedicel, and antennomere III black (more dark-brown on some areas); pro- and mesothorax, parts of scutellum, narrow basal band on elytra, basal quarter of epipleura, pro- and mesocoxae orange; remaining elytral surface brownish; antennomeres IV–XI brown.</p><p>Head. Frons finely, abundantly punctate; with yellowish pubescence, not obliterating integument, laterally denser. Antennal tubercles microcorrugate on basal half, smooth towards antennal condyle; with abundant, yellowish pubescence on microcorrugate region, glabrous on remaining surface. Vertex densely, micropunctate; with yellowish pubescence, not obliterating integument, with some long setae close to eyes. Area behind upper eye lobes with sculpture and pubescence as on vertex; area behind lower eye lobes moderately finely, transversely striate, with some long, dark and yellowish setae. Submentum and lateral of gula microsculptured; central area of gula smooth; submentum with short, sparse setae, interspersed with long, sparse setae. Mandibles laterally coarsely punctate, with one long seta at basal half and some long setae at distal half. Distance between upper eye lobes equal to 0.7 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes, in frontal view, equal to 0.9 times length of scape. Antennae as long as 1.8 times elytral length; reaching elytral apex at apex of antennomere VIII; antennomeres III– IV with a minute spine at inner apex; scape with one long setae at outer side; pedicel and antennomeres III–X with long, sparse, thick setae laterally and/or ventrally (sparser towards apex of antenna); antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.52; pedicel = 0.15; IV = 0.75; V = 0.86; VI = 0.88; VII = 0.88; VIII = 0.79; IX = 0.71; X = 0.63; XI = 0.69.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax as long as wide; anteriorly distinctly more narrowed than base. Lateral tubercles of prothorax large, sub-rounded, placed about middle. Pronotum with five gibbosities, two anteriorly, sub-rounded, very distinct, at each side; one centrally, slightly marked; two at basal half, on each side; pubescence yellowish, abundant, but not obliterating integument, interspersed by long, sparse setae. Basal two-thirds of prosternum with pubescence and setae as on pronotum; anterior third transversely striate, centrally almost glabrous, laterally with moderately sparse pubescence, interspersed with sparse setae. Prosternal process cordiform at distal half. Mesosternum with pubescence as on pronotum, laterally slightly denser, longer. Mesosternal process wide; sides parallel; apex deeply emarginate. Metasternum finely, sparsely punctate (laterally slightly denser); with short, whitish pubescence throughout, almost obliterating integument, interspersed with long, sparse setae (mainly laterally). Scutellum centrally depressed; with yellowish-white pubescence, not obliterating integument. Elytra. Finely, densely punctate; with dense, short, whitish pubescence, not obliterating integument, interspersed with moderately long, sparse setae; each elytron with two carinae, moderately marked: one between scutellum and humeri, from base to distal quarter; one humeral, from base do distal third; apex widely, obliquely truncate, with short spine at each angle.</p><p>Abdomen. Urosternites finely, sparsely punctate; covered with whitish pubescence, interspersed with long, sparse, white setae. Legs. Metatarsomere I as long as II-V together.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from PANAMA, Panama: Canal Zone (Fort Kobbe), 6.VI.1985, E. G. &amp; M. A. Riley col. (TAMU).</p><p>Dimensions in mm (female). Total length, 15.9; length of prothorax at center, 3.0; largest width of prothorax, 2.8; anterior width of prothorax, 2.0; posterior width of prothorax, 2.5; humeral width, 3.2; elytral length, 10.8.</p><p>Etymology. The species is named after Edward G. Riley and Maureen A. Riley, collectors of the holotype.</p><p>Remarks. Eupempelus rileyorum sp. nov. differs from E. olivaceus Bates, 1870 mainly by the presence of lateral tubercles on the prothorax (absent in E. olivaceus). It can be distinguished from E. illuminus Mermudes &amp; Napp, 2001, and E. spinithorax Mermudes &amp; Napp, 2001 by the elytral carinae not strongly marked, and by the elytral apex distinctly obliquely truncate. In both, E. illuminus and E. spinithorax the elytral carinae are notably marked, and the elytral apex is rounded.</p><p>Eupempelus rileyorum can be included in the alternative of couplet “2”, from Mermudes &amp; Napp (2001) (modified):</p><p>2. Elytra metallic dark green. Gibbosities of the pronotum weakly prominent. Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso).... E.olivaceus - Elytral color not metallic. Gibbosities of the pronotum strongly prominent....................................... 3 3. Elytra blackish, strongly costate; elytral apex rounded. Ecuador ...................................... E. spinithorax - Elytra brownish, not strongly costate; elytral apex obliquely truncate. Panama ..................... E. rileyorum sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4B878FFFA5E2088DF1FA2DFA74DBCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galileo, Maria Helena M.;Martins, Ubirajara R.;Santos-Silva, Antonio	Galileo, Maria Helena M., Martins, Ubirajara R., Santos-Silva, Antonio (2015): New species of Cerambycinae from the Neotropical Region, and nomen novum for Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins, and Santos-Silva, 2014 (Elaphidiini). Zootaxa 3986 (3): 373-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.6
9C4B878FFFABE20B8DF1F925FA74DDC7.text	9C4B878FFFABE20B8DF1F925FA74DDC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wappesoeme	<div><p>Wappesoeme gen. nov.</p><p>Type species: Wappesoeme camiri sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology. The genus is named after James E. Wappes (ACMT) + “ oeme ”, relating to the type genus of the tribe. Masculine gender.</p><p>Description. Frons transverse. Upper and lower lobes connected by row of single ommatidium; eyes finely faceted; upper eye lobes separated by distance slightly greater than largest width of one upper lobe. Genal apex rounded. Maxillary palpi short, but distinctly longer than labial palpi. Antennae in males distinctly longer than body, with 11 segments; scape somewhat enlarged towards apex, dorsally without depression, distinctly shorter than antennomere III, without cicatrix at apex; pedicel shorter than 0.2 times length of antennomere III; antennomere IV about as long as III; antennomeres with long setae throughout, mainly ventrally on basal antennomeres; antennomeres III-IV with blunt spine ventrally near apex (almost as small tubercle). Prothorax slightly wider than long; lateral sides distinctly rounded. Pronotum longitudinally, widely, shallowly sulcate at middle. Elytra moderately finely, abundantly punctate; with moderately long, abundant setae throughout; sides subparallel from base to middle, then slightly enlarged to near apex; apex individually rounded. Procoxal cavities widely open behind. Pro- and mesosternal processes laminiform. Femora fusiform, dorsally narrow, distinctly enlarged towards ventral side; apex of metafemora slightly surpassing apex of urosternite III. Meso- and metatibiae subcylindrical slightly enlarged from base to apex. Metatarsomere I distinctly longer than II and III together.</p><p>Remarks. Wappesoeme gen. nov. differs from Macroeme Aurivillius, 1893 as follows: distance between upper eye lobes slightly great than largest width of one lobe; pro- and mesosternal processes laminiform. In Macroeme the distance between upper eye lobes is larger than twice the largest width of one lobe (mainly in males), the prosternal process is narrow, but not laminiform, with sides parallel, slightly enlarged at apex, and the mesosternal process is distinctly wide. It differs from Paranoplium Casey, 1924, mainly by the prosternal process which is laminiform (narrow but not laminiform in Paranoplium). It differs from Oeme Newman, 1840 by the upper eye lobes which are wider and closer to each other (narrower and more separate in Oeme), by the connection between eye lobes in a row with a single ommatidium (with more than one ommatidium in Oeme), and by the elytra proportionally shorter (proportionally longer in Oeme) and laterally slightly expanded at posterior half (not so in Oeme). See also the key.</p><p>Wappesoeme can be included from the alternative of couplet “16”, from Martins (1996) (translated, modified):</p><p>16’(14). Prosternal process present............................................................................ 16 - Prosternal process absent............................................................................. 17 16(16’). Elytral apex distinctly acuminate................................................................. Austroeme - Elytral apex rounded................................................................. Wappesoeme gen. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4B878FFFABE20B8DF1F925FA74DDC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galileo, Maria Helena M.;Martins, Ubirajara R.;Santos-Silva, Antonio	Galileo, Maria Helena M., Martins, Ubirajara R., Santos-Silva, Antonio (2015): New species of Cerambycinae from the Neotropical Region, and nomen novum for Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins, and Santos-Silva, 2014 (Elaphidiini). Zootaxa 3986 (3): 373-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.6
9C4B878FFFA8E20A8DF1FBEAFC9ADFCB.text	9C4B878FFFA8E20A8DF1FBEAFC9ADFCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Wappesoeme camiri	<div><p>Wappesoeme camiri sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 16–18)</p><p>Description. Integument light brown; ventral side, distal antennomeres, and femora yellowish-brown; mandibles dark-brown.</p><p>Head. Frons, mostly antennal tubercles and vertex coarsely, densely punctate; area at antennal tubercles closer to scape shiny, smooth; pubescence on frons, base of antennal tubercles, and vertex short, moderately sparse; pubescence on remaining area of antennal tubercle longer, somewhat denser, with one very long seta at base, except for shiny glabrous area; vertex with one very long seta at each side of coronal suture; central region between antennal tubercles and eyes with distinct depression. Coronal suture distinct from clypeus to anterior margin of prothorax. Ocular carina absent. Area behind eyes coarsely, densely punctate, gradually smoother towards anterior margin of prothorax, mainly behind lower eye lobes; with short, sparse setae, interspersed with very long, moderately abundant setae near apex of lower eyes lobes. Gula laterally coarsely, sparsely punctate, centrally smooth. Submentum margined with wide area with coarse, dense punctures, centrally almost smooth; with short, sparse setae, interspersed with very long, sparse setae. Distance between upper eye lobes equal to 0.35 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes, in frontal view, equal to 0.75 length of scape. Antennae twice as long as elytral length; reaching elytral length at base of antennomere VIII; antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.58; pedicel = 0.15; IV = 1.01; V = 0.90; VI = 0.78; VII = 0.65; VIII = 0.58; IX = 0.55; X = 0.47; XI = 0.51.</p><p>Thorax. Pronotum moderately finely, densely, confluently punctate, except for three longitudinal smooth, shiny bands, from basal to anterior constrictions, one at each side of central wide sulcus, another centrally, narrowest; pubescence moderately abundant, but distinctly not obliterating integument, interspersed with long, sparse setae; basal edge distinctly emarginated. Lateral sides of prothorax, prosternum, mesosternum and lateral sides of metasternum with sculpture and pubescence as on lateral of pronotum (pubescence slightly longer, denser on metasternum); triangular central area of metasternum shiny, smooth, with sparse long setae. Scutellum with sparse, moderately long setae, mainly centrally. Elytra. Moderately finely and abundantly punctate; with moderately long setae throughout, interspersed with sparse, long setae; each elytron with one shallow carina, from near base to near apex; apex individually rounded.</p><p>Abdomen. Urosternites with long, sparse setae, denser on urosternite V. Legs. Femora and tibiae with long, sparse setae, longer and denser on tibiae.</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from BOLIVIA, Santa Cruz: 20 km N Camiri (Road to Eyti; 1250 m; 6-8 km E Highway 9; 19º52’S / 63º29’W), 5–10.XII.2012, Wappes, Bonaso, Skillman col. (MNKM).</p><p>Dimensions in mm (male). Total length, 13.10; length of prothorax at center, 2.10; largest width of prothorax, 2.30; anterior width of prothorax, 1.60; posterior width of prothorax, 1.55; humeral width, 2.30; elytral length, 8.30.</p><p>Etymology. Allusive to the type locality; noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4B878FFFA8E20A8DF1FBEAFC9ADFCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galileo, Maria Helena M.;Martins, Ubirajara R.;Santos-Silva, Antonio	Galileo, Maria Helena M., Martins, Ubirajara R., Santos-Silva, Antonio (2015): New species of Cerambycinae from the Neotropical Region, and nomen novum for Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins, and Santos-Silva, 2014 (Elaphidiini). Zootaxa 3986 (3): 373-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.6
9C4B878FFFA9E20D8DF1FD9EFEE3D9D0.text	9C4B878FFFA9E20D8DF1FD9EFEE3D9D0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sphalloeme mexicana	<div><p>Sphalloeme mexicana sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 19–21)</p><p>Description. Integument yellowish-brown; lateral side of prothorax brown, gradually lighter towards prosternum; meso- and metasternum, and urosternites I–III light brown; palpi, ocular carinae and legs yellowish; elytra more yellowish towards apex.</p><p>Head. Frons transverse, distinctly sulcate along coronal suture; microsculptured, with moderately coarsely, sparsely, shallowly punctate; with moderately short, sparse setae, slightly denser close to lower eye lobes. Antennal tubercles with sculpture as on frons; setae moderately long and abundant. Coronal suture well marked from clypeus to near anterior margin of prothorax. Ocular carina well marked from middle to posterior edge of upper eye lobes; area between ocular carinae triangularly depressed; with moderately long, sparse setae (with one very long seta near apex). Vertex with sculpture as on frons; setae shorter than on frons. Area behind upper eyes lobes opaque, microsculptured, gradually narrowed to apex of lower eye lobes; remaining area shiny, very finely, longitudinally striate; margin of lower eye lobe with sparse, long setae (longer towards inferior margin). Submentum microsculptured, with long, sparse setae (longer laterally and near gula). Distance between upper eye lobes equal to 0.2 times length of scape; distance between lower eye lobes, in frontal view, equal to length of scape. Antennae, from base of scape to apex of antennomere VII, as long as elytron; apex of antennomere VII reaching distal quarter of elytra; scape, pedicel, and antennomeres with moderately long, sparse setae throughout, mixed with very long setae; antennal formula based on antennomere III: scape = 0.68; pedicel = 0.32; IV = 1.48; V = 1.35; VI = 1.13; VII = 1.00.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax as long as 0.18 times elytral length. Sides of prothorax with sculpture as on pronotum, gradually shiner towards prosternum. Pronotum distinctly depressed at center basal half (depression possibly caused during the process of drying the specimen); microsculptured, with shallow, slightly distinct punctures; with short, moderately abundant setae. Prosternum shiny, finely transversely striate; with short, sparse setae (slightly longer, more abundant near anterior margin). Metasternum laterally with short, sparse setae, gradually sparser towards center. Scutellum with short, moderately sparse setae. Elytra. Finely, densely punctate; each elytron with two carinae from base to distal quarter; with short, abundant setae, interspersed with moderately long, sparse setae; apex individually rounded.</p><p>Abdomen. Urosternites with long, sparse setae. Legs. Femora remarkably flattened laterally.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from MEXICO, Nuevo León: 3 miles E Galeana (5,000’), 7–8.VIII.1963, Duckworth &amp; Davis col. (USNM).</p><p>Dimensions in mm (female). Total length, 6.70; length of prothorax at center, 0.95; largest width of prothorax, 1.10; anterior width of prothorax, 0.85; posterior width of prothorax, 0.85; humeral width, 1.35; elytral length, 5.10.</p><p>Etymology. Related to the country of the type locality.</p><p>Remarks. Female of Sphalloeme mexicana sp. nov. differs from that of S. costipennis Melzer, 1928 (Fig. 22), as follows: body slender; elytra gradually lighter towards apex; pro- and mesofemora laterally more distinctly flattened. In females of S. costipennis the body is wider, the elytra are darker at about distal quarter, and the pro- and mesofemora are less flattened laterally.</p><p>The following are missing in the holotype specimen: antennomeres VIII–XI of left antenna; antennomeres VI– XI of right antenna.</p><p>Currently, the unique species of Sphalloeme Melzer, 1928, S. costipennis, is recorded only from Brazil (Espírito Santo to Rio Grande do Sul) and Argentina (Misiones) (Monné 2015). Monné (2015) questioned the occurrence of S. costipennis in Honduras (“ Honduras?.”). The record of that species for Honduras is by Turnbow et al. (2003): “ Sphalloeme costipennis Melzer / Yoro, 45 km. S Tela, 800 m., V-22-79, E. Giesbert (EFGC)”. Bezark (2015) figured a specimen from Guatemala (Petén) as being S. costipennis . This latter agree very well with S. mexicana, and it is not S. costipennis . Thus, it is possible that S. mexicana also occurs in Guatemala and Honduras.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C4B878FFFA9E20D8DF1FD9EFEE3D9D0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Galileo, Maria Helena M.;Martins, Ubirajara R.;Santos-Silva, Antonio	Galileo, Maria Helena M., Martins, Ubirajara R., Santos-Silva, Antonio (2015): New species of Cerambycinae from the Neotropical Region, and nomen novum for Anelaphus maculatus Galileo, Martins, and Santos-Silva, 2014 (Elaphidiini). Zootaxa 3986 (3): 373-386, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3986.3.6
