identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
9C28AC74FFD8FFF2FF40F950FF39ECA5.text	9C28AC74FFD8FFF2FF40F950FF39ECA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicronyx (Chalybodontus) fulvipes Reiche & Saulcy 1858	<div><p>1. Smicronyx (Chalybodontus) fulvipes Reiche &amp; Saulcy, 1858</p><p>(Fig. 21)</p><p>Material examined. Upper Galilee: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.35/lat 33.016666)">Hula</a>, 25.iv.1971, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.35&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.35/lat 33.016666)">Hurfeish</a>, batha, 675 m, 33°01’N 35°21’E, 24.iv.2005, A. Timm &amp; T. Assman, pitfall (1, SMNHTAU); ' En Ya’aqov, 19.iii.2007, I. Shtirberg (2, SMNHTAU); Carmel Ridge: Ramat haNadiv, 2005, R. Kirschenbaum (1, SMNHTAU), 27.iv.2006, E. Groner (1, SMNHTAU) ; Jordan Valley: ' <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.57&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.690834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.57/lat 32.690834)">En Gev</a>, 28.iii.1939, Y. Palmoni (1, SMNHTAU); Deganya A, 12.viii.1964, Y. Palmoni (2, SMNHTAU); Shermurat Yarden Dromi, W. Bet Zera', 32°41’27’’N 35°34’12’’E, 7.iii.2006, M. Vonchak &amp; V. Chikatunov (10, SMNHTAU); Bet She'an, 23.vii.1981, Q. Argaman (2, SMNHTAU) ; Central Coastal Plain: Zomet Geliliot, 24.ii.2013, A. Nir (1, SMNHTAU) ; Southern Coastal Plain: Lower Nahal Soreq [Rubin], 23.ii.1920, I. Aharoni (1, SMNHTAU); Rehovot, 20.x.1936, on maize, E. Rivnay (5, PPIS) ; Dead Sea Area: Yeriho [Jericho], 13.ii.1975, F. Kaplan (7, SMNHTAU); Qalya [Kalia], 8.iii.1976, M. Kaplan (1, SMNHTAU), 29.iii.1976, M. Kaplan (9, SMNHTAU). SYRIA: Lattaguié, Jableh, Bet Yashout, vi-vii.2013, "sur Orobanche parasite de Tabac et de Tomates ", H. Habak (2, CBGP).</p><p>Biology. This species was recorded on Veronica cf. beccabunga L. (Sahlberg 1902) and on Orobanche sp. in Syria. Months of collection. Species of the subgenus Chalybodontus commonly develop on Orobanchaceae, but we didn’t find such indications on the material examined, neither during recent collecting. Months of collection: mainly February–October. Most of the specimens were collected on the ground, under stones or from pitfall traps (those collected by Groner, Kirschenbaum, Shtirberg, Timm and Assmann, Vonchak and Chikatunov). The collection of five specimens on maize in October 1936 in Rehovot would seem to be an accidental association. Distribution. In addition to the records from Israel and Syria noted above, this species also occurs in Greece (near Athens) from where it was first described (Reiche &amp; Saulcy, 1858). Such a discontinuous distribution could originate from a lack of data. In Israel the species is distributed throughout the country, in both Mediterranean and desert areas, mainly at low elevations, but isn’t found in the Negev and Arava Valley.</p><p>Discussion. The original description of this species is quite clear (Reiche &amp; Saulcy, 1 858) and underscores the validity of the placement of this species in the subgenus Chalybodontus . Therefore, the position of this species in the genus Smicronyx s. str. in the Catalogue of Palearctic Curculionidae (Caldara 2013) is probably a mistake.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C28AC74FFD8FFF2FF40F950FF39ECA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haran, Julien;Schütte, André;Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid	Haran, Julien, Schütte, André, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2017): A review of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Israel, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4237 (1): 17-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.1.2
9C28AC74FFD9FFF4FF40F94AFE27EE80.text	9C28AC74FFD9FFF4FF40F94AFE27EE80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicronyx pauperculus Wollaston 1864	<div><p>2. Smicronyx (s. str.) pauperculus Wollaston, 1864</p><p>(Fig. 8, 15)</p><p>Material examined. Har Hermon: Har Hermon, 1700 m, 17.v.2009, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU) ; Upper Galilee: Gadot, 2.vii.1971, D. Gerling (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Keziv, 28.ix.1999, M. Finkel, V. Kravchenko (2, SMNHTAU); Nahal Keziv , 33°02’43’’N35°13’24’’E, 31.i.2011, L. Friedman, pitfall (1, SMNHTAU); Lower Galilee: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.7" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.383335/lat 32.7)">Umm</a> el-Ghanem 32°42’N 35°23’E, 1.vi.2008, L. Friedman (17, SMNHTAU), 8.v.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 12.v.2015, L. Friedman, on Cuscuta (1, SMNHTAU); Bet She'arim, Alexander Zeid Monument, 21.x.2014, L. Friedman, on Quercus ithaburensis (9, SMNHTAU); Bet Lehem haGelilit, 21.x.2014, L. Friedman, on Quercus ithaburensis (1, SMNHTAU) ; Yizre'el Valley: Bet-Alfa, 6.v.2014, on Cuscuta campestris Yunck (10 individuals, JHcoll); Jordan Valley: Almagor , 32°54’N 35°35E, 15–31.v.2011, W. Kuslitzky (1, SMNHTAU); Park haYarden, 32°54.5’N 35°37.5’E, - 210 m, 14.iv.2011, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Amnun, 15.v.2003, V. Kravchenko, V. Chikatunov, light trap (1, SMNHTAU); Deganya A Bet-Gordon, 18.ix.1968, Y. Palmoni (1, SMNHTAU); Peza'el Nature Reserve, springs, 25.ix.2013, L. Friedman, on Mentha (1, SMNHTAU); Zomet Peza'el, 18.vi.1982, Q. Argaman (2, SMNHTAU); Carmel Ridge: Nahal Oren, 6.iv.1998, V. Chikatunov, T. Pavlicek (1, SMNHTAU); Samaria: Hare Gilboa', Har Ahinoam, 32°28’N 35°25’E, 15.iv.2012, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Qedumim, 19.x.2000, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 28.ii.2001, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 10.iii.2002, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Qedumim, Nahal Te'ena, 17.viii. 2 0 15, L. Friedman, on Amygdalus (3, SMNHTAU); Shekhem, Askar [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.416668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.416668/lat 32.466667)">Nablus-Askur Horticultural station</a>], 22.viii.1947, P. Jolles (1, SMNHTAU); Central Coastal Plain: Ma’agan Mikha’el , 32°33’N 34°55’E, 1.ix.2008, W. Kuslitzky, Malaise trap (1, SMNHTAU), 2–20.xii.2009, W. Kuslitzky (2, SMNHTAU); Nahal Tanninim estuary, 20.iii.2001, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU); Shelulit Ga'ash Nature Reserve, reservoir, 18.ii.2014, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Ga’ash, 14.iv.1973, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU), 1.v.2014, J. Haran, on Cuscuta campestris (15 individuals JHcoll, 1 specimen sequenced from this series, voucher code: 2638-HAR_24064 JHA-A.16652. deposited in Curci collections); Herzliyya, 5.v.2003, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Tel Aviv, Tel Barukh, 24.vi.2011, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Zomet Morasha, 1.15 km SE, Rt. 5, Nahal Yarqon west bank, 12 m, 29.vii. 20015, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU); Rosh ha'Ayin Zafon Railway Station, 27.iv.2015, L. Friedman, on Cuscuta (3, SMNHTAU) ; Southern Coastal Plain: Tel Aviv, Ramat Aviv, 7.vii.2004, O. Auster (1, SMNHTAU); Tel Aviv, 1.v.2007, W. Kuslitzky, light trap (1, SMNHTAU), 10.v.2007, W. Kuslitzky, light trap (1, SMNHTAU); Bet Dagan, 12.viii.1987, I. Susman (1, SMNHTAU); Bet Dagan, 32°00’N 34°50’E, 19.v.2008, W. Kuslitzky (1, SMNHTAU); Rehovot, 14.vii.2002, W. Kuslitzky (1, SMNHTAU); Lod, 30.xii.1997, R. Hoffman (1, SMNHTAU); 'Enot Gibbeton Nature Reserve, 13.xi.2014, L. Friedman, on Cuscuta (17, SMNHTAU); Ashdod, 1.x.1991, J. Halperin, on Ziziphus spinachristi (9, SMNHTAU), on Ficus sycamorus (3, SMNHTAU); 'Ad-Halom bridge, 1.viii.1972, A. Goldstein (2, SMNHTAU); Nizzanim, 3.vi.1997, L. Friedman, light trap (1, SMNHTAU), 8.vi.1998, N. Meltzer (1, SMNHTAU), 9.vi.1998, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU), 19.iv.2005, I. Renan (2, SMNHTAU), 23.iv.2007, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU), 21.iv.2008, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU), 8.vii.2008, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU), 18.vi.2009, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Nizzanim Nature Reserve, Nahal Evtah, 28.vii.2008, A. Freidberg (2, SMNHTAU); Mavqi'im, 32°00’N 34°50’E, 18.ii.2004, I. Zonstein (1, SMNHTAU); Dead Sea Area: Wadi Ahmar, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.5/lat 32.016666)">Yarden River</a>, 32°01’N 35°30’E, 15.iii.2005, T. Stern (1, SMNHTAU); Hirbet Umm ' Azbe [Um Uzba], 23.iii.1989, J. Halperin, on Acacia raddiana (2, SMNHTAU); Nahal Yitav spill , 31°55’N 35°31’E, 16.iii.2005, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); 'En Gedi [Ein Gedi], 18.vi.1958, J. Wahrman (1, SMNHTAU); Zomet Zohar, 21.vii.1998, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Peres, 30°59.5’N 35°20.3’E, 29.vii.2007, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Foothills of Judea: Migdal Afeq, 32°05’N 34°57’E, 31.x.2001, L. Friedman (3, SMNHTAU); Park Shoham [149], 1.viii.1993, Y. Zvik (2, SMNHTAU), 31.iii.2006, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU); Park Canada, 4.xi.1996, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Zor'a, 7.xii.1991, J. Halperin, on Ziziphus spina-christi (3, SMNHTAU), 24.viii.1993, on cotton, D. Gerling (1, SMNHTAU); Mishmar Ayalon, 15.i.1990, J. Halperin, on Laurus (5, SMNHTAU); Tel Sokho, 19.iv.2015, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Tel Goded, 19.xi.2013, L. Friedman, B. Korotyaev, sifting (1, SMNHTAU); Northern Negev: HaBesor Nature Reserve , 31°14’07’’N34°30’24’’E, 19.iv.2010, L. Friedman, wet meadow, pitfall (1, SMNHTAU); Central Negev: Sedé Boqér, 29.v.2002, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); 'En Mor, 24.x.1988, J. Halperin (2, SMNHTAU); 'Avedat, 12.vi.2002, V. Kravchenko (1, SMNHTAU) ; Southern Negev: Ma'ale ' Aqrabbim, 8.vi.2015, I. Zonstein (1, SMNHTAU); Arava Valley: Nahal Bitron, camping site, 2 km NW ' Iddan , 30°49’N 35°16.9’E, - 185 m, 20.vii.2015, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Hazeva, 3.vi.1998, V. Kravchenko (1 specimen, light trap, SMNHTAU), 10.vi.2001, V. Kravchenko (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Shezaf Nature Reserve, 14.iv.1999, I. Yarom &amp; V. Kravchenko (1, SMNHTAU).</p><p>Biology. This species is locally abundant on Cuscuta campestris Yunck., inhabiting agricultural and disturbed areas. Months of collection: all year round.</p><p>Distribution. Smicronyx pauperculus is widely distributed around the Mediterranean basin (Caldara 2013). In Israel this species is common throughout the country. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first report of this species in Israel.</p><p>Discussion. This species is distinct from any other Smicronyx inhabiting the country by its reddish integument. Some rare specimens exhibit a very dark integument, but the characteristic thin sparse scales and the conformation of the genitalia can help with identification. Smicronyx pauperculus is sympatric with S. jungermanniae, and both species were found together on C. campestris in all recently sampled localities (JH obs.).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C28AC74FFD9FFF4FF40F94AFE27EE80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haran, Julien;Schütte, André;Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid	Haran, Julien, Schütte, André, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2017): A review of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Israel, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4237 (1): 17-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.1.2
9C28AC74FFDFFFF7FF40FB65F8D8E8A4.text	9C28AC74FFDFFFF7FF40FB65F8D8E8A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicronyx longitarsis Haran	<div><p>3. Smicronyx (s. str.) longitarsis Haran sp. nov.</p><p>(Fig. 3, 5, 10, 13, 14, 17)</p><p>Description. 1.8–2.0 mm. Integument of body black and shiny, covered by elongate yellowish grey scales, oval, more than twice as long as wide, almost translucent. Rostrum black, as long as pronotum (♂) or longer (♀), slightly arched in both sexes (Fig. 13–14); scales concealing integument at base of rostrum and present until antennal insertion, apex glabrous; antennae black, base of scape reddish, inserted at apical 1/3, scape slightly “S” shaped and clavate at apex, not reaching eyes; club oval and acuminate. Head covered with same scales as on base of rostrum. Pronotum as long as wide, narrowed near apex and basis, sides rounded, widest in middle; scales concealing integument laterally, integument visible in centre, finely punctate, surface slightly (irregular). Elytra (l/ w: 1.5) with prominent humeri, base distinctly broader than pronotum, widest in middle, sides feebly and widely rounded; vestiture variable, pale grey with overlapping translucent scales concealing the integument, or brown with no overlapping scales, not concealing integument; dorsal surface usually forming three pale transversal bands. Abdominal sternites coated with greyish scales, feebly longer than wide, not overlapping, integument visible. Legs dark reddish, in particular in middle of femora and tibiae, covered with elongated scales, overlapping, not concealing integument; femora strong and clavate, fore femora armed with tiny tooth; tibiae of common structure; tarsi very elongated, last article almost as long as the 3rd basal article (Fig. 5); claws equals. Genitalia 6: median lobe short (Fig. 10), less than twice as long as wide (l/w: 1.75), sides subparallel, narrowed at apex, feebly curved in lateral view; distal orificial margin not apparent; parameres much longer than median lobe. Genitalia ♀ of common structure. Sexual dimorphism: Females exhibit a slightly longer rostrum. Variability: scale cover varies from pale grey to yellowish grey; some individuals also exhibit pale brownish scales on sides and at apex of elytra. Material examined:</p><p>Har Hermon: Har Hermon, 2100m, 3.ix.2008, A. Freidberg (2, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, Dolinat Galgal , 2000m, 23.vii.2015, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 1800m, 12.vi.2003, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 1700m, 17.v.2009, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 6.vi.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 1600m, 25.vi.1997, V. Chikatunov (1, SMNHTAU); Judean Hills: Hebron, 11.v.2014, on Cuscuta palaestina, J. Haran (7, JHcoll); Dead Sea Area: ' En Gedi, 5.x.2002, light trap (1, SMNHTAU), V. Kravchenko &amp; V. Chikatunov; Mizpe Shalem, 7.vii.2015, I. Zonstein (1, SMNHTAU) ; Northern Negev: Nahal Sekher, 9.vii.2001, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU) ; Central Negev: Zomet Hatrurim, 3–5km S, 11.vii.2012, L. Friedman, on Achillea fragrantissima (4, SMNHTAU), N. Dorchin, ex Achillea (5, SMNHTAU); Sede Boqer, 30.iii.2004, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 23.iii.2006, I. Stirberg (2, SMNHTAU), 13.v.2006, I. Shtirberg (1, SMNHTAU); Sede Boqer, wadi , 30o51.15’N 34o46.08’E, 24.ii.2011, L. Friedman, C. Drees, pitfall1 (1, SMNHTAU); ‘Avedat, 19.v.2005, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); ‘Avedat, 540m, 30o48.955’N 34o45.438’E, 14.viii.2008, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Har Nafha, Nahal Arikha, 780m, 30o41.46’N 34o47.14’E, 14.viii.2008, A. Freidberg (2, SMNHTAU); Nizzana, 12.iv.2002, A. Freidberg (4, SMNHTAU); Har Horesha, 900–1000m, 18.iv.1998, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Har Horesha, Rt. 171, 30o30’N 34o36’E, 935m, 26.vi.2012, L. Friedman, on Achillea fragrantissima, Arthemisia herba-alba, Centaurea damascena (15, SMNHTAU), A. Freidberg (8, SMNHTAU); N. Dorchin (19, SMNHTAU); Har Harif, Rt. 10, N junction, 30o31’N 34o33’E, 11.iv.2002, A. Freidberg (3, SMNHTAU); Har Harif, junction Rt. 171 &amp; Rt 10, 8.v.2003, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Southern Negev: Ma’ale ‘ Aqrabbim, 8.vi.2015, I. Zonstein (3, SMNHTAU); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.183334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.183334/lat 30.833334)">Arava Valley</a>: Road 227, Yo’adan Hills, 30°50’N 35°11’E , 31 m, 10.v.2014, sweeping plants in dry river (1, JHcoll); ‘En Yahav, 16.vii.2015, I. Zonstein (1, SMNHTAU).</p><p>Type material. Holotype: Israel, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.5" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.6/lat 30.5)">Har Horesha</a>, Rt. 171, 30o30’N 34o36’E, 935m, 26.vi.2012, L. Friedman, on Achillea fragrantissima, Arthemisia herba-alba, Centaurea damascena (SMNHTAU, specimen identified with a type label: Holotype Smicronyx longitarsis Haran) . Paratype series 1: data as for holotype (SMNHTAU, 48 specimens identified with the label: Paratype Smicronyx longitarsis Haran; MNHN, 1 specimen similarly labelled; BMNH, 1 specimen similarly labelled; SNMD, 1 specimen similarly labelled; ZFMK, 1 specimen similarly labelled; ZSM, 1 specimen similarly labelled); Zomet Hatrurim, 3–5km S, 11.vii.2012, L. Friedman, on Achillea fragrantissima (SMNHTAU, 4 specimens similarly labelled), N. Dorchin, ex Achillea (SMNHTAU, 5 specimens similarly labelled); Sede Boqer, 30.iii.2004, L. Friedman (SMNHTAU, 1 specimen similarly labelled), 23.iii.2006, I. Stirberg (SMNHTAU, 2 specimens similarly labelled), 13.v.2006, I. Shtirberg (SMNHTAU, 1 specimen similarly labelled) . Paratype series 2: Israel, Hebron, 11.v.2014, on Cuscuta palaestina, J. Haran (JHcoll, 6 specimens identified with the label: Paratype Smicronyx longitarsis Haran, 1 specimen sequenced from this series, voucher code: 2649-HAR_24064_JHA-12.16663. Deposited at Curci).</p><p>Biology. Several specimens were recorded on Cuscuta palaestina Boiss., a parasite of Sarcopoterium spinosum Spach (Rosaceae) at the sampling sites. This Cuscuta probably constitutes the host plant for this species (Fig. 22). Smicronyx longitarsis is often found by sweeping various plants, e.g. Achillea fragrantissima and Artemisia herba-alba . Months of collection: February-October.</p><p>Distribution. This species was found on Mt. Hermon and in various locations in the southern arid part of Israel. The presence of the desert species at high elevations on Mt. Hermon, the northern most point of Israel, is not surprising, as eastern and southern slopes of Mt. Hermon are dry and possess numerous xerophilous eremic plant and animal species (LF, unpublished observations). We found no specimens from adjacent countries for this species.</p><p>Discussion. Smicronyx longitarsis is easily recognizable by the length of its tarsus and the reddish colour of its femora. This species is closest to S. pauperculus (13.2 % divergence) among the species occurring in Israel. It is distinct from S. pauperculus in the color of the integument of the body, which is always black (reddish in S. pauperculus). Despite the wide distribution of this species in the country, we did not find additional material among the collections visited (except SMNHTAU).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C28AC74FFDFFFF7FF40FB65F8D8E8A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haran, Julien;Schütte, André;Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid	Haran, Julien, Schütte, André, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2017): A review of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Israel, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4237 (1): 17-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.1.2
9C28AC74FFD2FFF8FF40FA52FAAFE900.text	9C28AC74FFD2FFF8FF40FA52FAAFE900.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicronyx syriacus Faust 1887	<div><p>4. Smicronyx (s. str.) syriacus Faust, 1887</p><p>(Fig. 1, 9, 16)</p><p><a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.666668/lat 33.25)">Material</a> examined. Har Hermon: Har Dov, 33°15’N 35°40’E, 300 m, 6.vi.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon , 1900m, 21.v.1979, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 1700m, 17.viii.2005, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 17.v.2009, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Newe Ativ, 33.265o 35.735o 6.vi.2015, I. Zonstein (1, SMNHTAU); Majdal Shams, 21.v.2001, V. Kravchenko (1, SMNHTAU); Golan Heights: Nabi Hazuri, 33°15’N 35°44’E, 790 m, 13.x.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Merom Golan, 12.vi.2000, V. Chikatunov (1, SMNHTAU); Merom Golan, Bental Reservoir, 33o09’N 35o47’E, 25.v.2005, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Ma’agar Bental, 33o08’N 35o47’E, 7.v.2007, L. Friedman (7, SMNHTAU); Qazrin, 15.vii.2000, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Qazrin, 32o59’N 35o42’E, 9.v.2006, L. Friedman, (1, SMNHTAU); Upper Galilee: Metulla, 20.ix.1931 (1, PPIS) ; ‘ Iyyon Nature Reserve, 1.v.2006, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Tel Dan, 20.viii.2005, V. Kravchenko, V. Chikatunov (1, SMNHTAU); Tel Dan , 168 m, 33°15’N 35°39’E, 19.x.2009, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Dan, 25.v.2005, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU); Dan, Bet Ussishkin, 33o14’N 35o39’E, 14.v.2012, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Senir, 7.x.1993, J. Halperin, on Fraxinus (1, SMNHTAU); ‘En Gonen Nature Reserve, channel, 19:30–21:00, 18.viii.2014, L. Friedman (3, SMNHTAU); Ne’ot Mordekhay, 17.i.2006, L. Zarabi (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Keziv, 28.ix.1999, M. Finkel, V. Kravchenko (2, SMNHTAU); Har Meron, 27.vi.1997, A.</p><p>Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Zefat [ Safad], 6.viii.1959, J. Halperin, on Pinus halepensis (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal ‘Ammud, 17.x.1972 (1, SMNHTAU), 31.x.1972 (1, SMNHTAU), all D. Furth, 15.viii.2007, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU) ; Lower Galilee: Qiryat Tiv’on, 7.iv.1957, M. Sternlicht, on Quercus ithaburensis (1, PPIS) ; Jordan Valley: Park haYarden, 17.v.2009, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU); Kare Deshe, 25.ix.1965 (1, SMNHTAU), 1.xi.1965 (1, SMNHTAU), all Y. Palmoni; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.433334/lat 32.466667)">Nahal Yehudiyya Spill</a> [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.433334/lat 32.466667)">Btecha</a>], 18.viii.1971 (1, SMNHTAU), 17.x.1971 (1; TAUI), all A. Goldstein; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.433334/lat 32.466667)">Teverya</a> [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.433334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.433334/lat 32.466667)">Tiberiade</a>] (1, MNHN, Hoffman coll.); Deganya A’, 3.iv.1943, Y. Palmoni (1, SMNHTAU); Deganya A’, Bet Gordon, 25.vi.1967, Y. Palmoni (1, SMNHTAU); Afiqim, 7.vii– 7.viii.1970, Y. Palmoni (1, SMNHTAU); Samaria: Hare Gilboa’, Merav, Har Avinadav, 32°28’N 35°26’E , 420 m, 20.iii.2012, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal ‘Iron [Wadi Ara], 4.vi.1984, J. Halperin, on Crataegus (1, SMNHTAU); Ein el-Bida, 10.xii.1926, Y. Palmoni (1, SMNHTAU); Berakha, 1kmS, ‘Amassa Spring, 595m, 10.vi.2015, L. Friedman, on Pistacia atlantica (12, SMNHTAU); Berakha, 2kmS, Nabi Isma’il Terebinth Nature Reserve, 620m, 6.iii.2015, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Qedumim, Nahal Te’ena, 17.viii. 2 0 15, L. Friedman, on Amygdalus (8, SMNHTAU); Qedumim, 2.iv.1999, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Shekhem, 8.v.1986, Q. Argaman (2, SMNHTAU); Yizhar, Salman Farsi Nature Reserve, 818m, on Quercus calliprinos, 11.vi.2013 (1, SMNHTAU), 1.x.2013 (1, SMNHTAU), 13.xi.2014 (3, SMNHTAU), all L. Friedman; Yizhar, 14.v.2014, J. Haran (5, JHcoll, 1 specimen sequenced from this series, voucher code: 2648-HAR_24063_JHA11.16662. Deposited at Curci); Elon More, ‘En Kefir, 542 m, 14.viii.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Elon More, Har Kabbir, Mizpe Kabbir, 745m, 11.vi.2013, on Quercus calliprinos (1; TAUI), 14.viii.2013 (6, SMNHTAU), 13.xi.2014 (1, SMNHTAU), all L. Friedman; Mizpe Kabbir, Har Kabbir, 750 m, 14.v.2014, J. Haran, on Cuscuta palaestina Boiss parasite of Sarcopoterium spinosum Spach (10, JHcoll); Nahal Qana Reserve, 120m, 6.5kmSW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.033333/lat 32.133335)">Qarne Shomeron</a>, 32o08’N 35o02’E, 9.vii.2007, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Qana Reserve , 290m, 5kmSW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.033333/lat 32.133335)">Qarne Shomeron</a>, 32o08’N 35o02’E, 9.vii.2007, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); ‘ Ez Efrayyim, 13.iii.1998, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Umm Safa Nature Reserve, 1.x.2013, L. Friedman, on Quercus calliprinos (1, SMNHTAU); ‘ Ateret, Springs, 1.x.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); ‘ Eli, 16.viii.2015, L. Friedman, on Amygdalus (10, SMNHTAU); Northern Coastal Plain : Haïfa (3, Abeille de Perrin coll., 1, Desbrochers coll., MNHN); Binyamina, 14.x.1933, E. Rivnay, on citrus (1, PPIS) ; Southern Coastal Plain: Rehovot, 8.ix.1920, I. Aharoni, ex fruit galls on Olea europaea (2, SMNHTAU); Ashdod, 1.x.1991, J. Halperin, on Ficus sycamorus (2, SMNHTAU); Nizzanim Nature Reserve, Nahal Evtah, 28.vii.2008, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU) ; Dead Sea Area: Jericho, J. Sahlberg, “var-Paratypus Smicronyx rufipennis f. hierichontica “, K. Daniel (1, ZSM); ‘Enot Samar, 21.vii.1998, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Foothills of Judea: Shoham, 31.iii.2006, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Park Canada, 4.xi.1996, L. Friedman, on Quercus ithaburensis (1, SMNHTAU); ‘ Adullam, 17.i.2002, Y. Mandelik (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Sansan, 22.iii.2002, Y. Mandelik, V. Chikatunov (1, SMNHTAU); Sedot Mikha, 22.iii.2002, Y. Mandelik, V. Chukatunov (1, SMNHTAU); Judean Hills: Matta’, 19.iv.2007, I. Shtirberg (1, SMNHTAU); Gush ‘ Ezyon, Giv’at ‘ Oz, SE Migdal ‘ Oz , 950 m, 22.vii.2013, on Quercus calliprinos, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU); Judean Desert: Nahal Perat [Wadi Qelt], 15.viii.2002, V. Kravchenko, V. Chikatunov (3, SMNHTAU); ‘Arad, 7kmE, 2.vi.1972, M. Goren (1, SMNHTAU); Central Negev: Park Yeroham, 13.iv.2007, L. Friedman, on Atriplex halimus (1, SMNHTAU); Ma’agar Yeroham , 491m, 26.iii.2015, T. Novoselsky (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Nizzana, Rt. 171, W Bor Hemet, 13.vi.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU). Israel: Palaestina, Reitter (2, SMNHTAU).</p><p>Biology. This species was collected on Cuscuta palaestina Boiss., which is often a parasite of Sarcopoterium spinosum Spach ( Rosaceae, JH obs.). Adults have also been collected when beating oaks (LF obs.). Months of collection: all year round.</p><p>Distribution. Smicronyx syriacus is widely distributed around the Mediterranean basin and in Central Asia (Caldara 2013). In Israel, it is distributed mostly in the northern Mediterranean part of the country; a few specimens collected in the desert would appear to be from disturbed areas with ruderal vegetation.</p><p>Discussion. This species is recognizable by the shape of its short and thick scape. The general appearance is close to S. jungermanniae, but scale cover is usually more contrasted, consisting of a dense cover of dark brown scales, with white spots on shoulders and an apical transversal line. The aedeagus is short, laterally subparallel (Fig. 9).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C28AC74FFD2FFF8FF40FA52FAAFE900	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haran, Julien;Schütte, André;Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid	Haran, Julien, Schütte, André, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2017): A review of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Israel, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4237 (1): 17-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.1.2
9C28AC74FFD0FFFDFF40FCDBFB83EDD5.text	9C28AC74FFD0FFFDFF40FCDBFB83EDD5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicronyx albosquamosus Wollaston 1854	<div><p>5. Smicronyx (s. str.) albosquamosus Wollaston, 1854</p><p>(Fig. 18)</p><p>Material examined. Har Hermon: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.666668/lat 33.25)">Har Dov</a> [<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.666668/lat 33.25)">Mt Dov</a>], 10.vii.1987, Y. Zvik (1, SMNHTAU); Har Dov, 33o15’N 35o40’E , 300m, 6.vi.2013, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 2175m, 19.vii.2009, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, dolinat Sol’am, 2050m, 23.vii.2015, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 2000m, 5.viii.2004, L. Friedman, on Juniperus (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, Upper Cable Station, 2000m, 23.vii.2015, L. Friedman, on Juniperus (4, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 1900m, 22.v.1973, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 1800m, 25.x.1977, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU), 12.v.2010, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 1700m, 6.vii.1987, Y. Zvik (2, SMNHTAU), 5.viii.2005, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU), on Prunus (1, SMNHTAU), 17.viii.2005, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 17.v.2009, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 6.vi.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon, 1600m, 3.vii.1987, Y. Zvik (1, SMNHTAU); Newe Ativ, 13.viii.1973, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU); Newe Ativ, 26.vi.2015, I. Zonstein (1, SMNHTAU); Golan Heights: ‘En Qinya, 13.x.2013, L. Friedman, on Phragmites (1, SMNHTAU); Birket Ram, 23.v.1979, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU); Quneitra, 10kmS, 23.viii.1972, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU); Upper Galilee: Qiryat Shemona, Rt.90XRt.99, ‘ En Brom, 150m, 23.vii.2015, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Ne’ot Mordekhay, 15.xii.1963, J. Halperin, on Populus (1, SMNHTAU); Har Addir , 980m, 20.v.2013, L. Friedman, on Q. boissieri and Q. calliprinos (1, SMNHTAU); Har Meron, 1200m, 16.x.1979, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU); Har Meron, 900m, 33o01’N 35o24’E, 3.x.2001, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Yarka, 16.viii.1959, J. Halperin, on Pinus halepensis (1, SMNHTAU); Samaria: Yizhar, Salman Farsi Nature Reserve, 818 m, 11.vi.2013, L. Friedman, on Quercus calliprinos (5, SMNHTAU, 1 specimen sequenced from this series, voucher code: 2652-HAR_24067_JHA15.16666. Deposited at Curci), 1.x.2013, L. Friedman, on Quercus calliprinos (1, SMNHTAU); Elon More, Har Kabbir, Mizpe Kabbir, 745m, 11.vi.2013, L. Friedman, on Quercus calliprinos (2; TAUI); Har Kabbir, Mizpe Kabbir, 745m, 13.xi.2014, on Quercus calliprinos (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Qana Reserve, 290m, 5kmSW <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.033333/lat 32.133335)">Qarne Shomeron</a>, 32o08’N 35o02’E, 9.vii.2007, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Tirza [W. Faria], 24.iii.1973, D. Furth (1, SMNHTAU); Foothills of Judea: Hulda, vii.1940, on Olea europaea (1, SMNHTAU); Judean Hills: Matta’, 13.v.2006, I. Shtirberg (2, SMNHTAU) ; Southern Coastal Plain: Miqwe Israel, 27.x.1988, J. Halperin (1, SMNHTAU); Dead Sea Area: Qalya, 13.iv.1992, J. Halperin, on Zygophillum (1, SMNHTAU) ; Northern Negev: HaBesor Nature Reserve, South, 2.viii.2010, wet meadow (pitfall trap), L. Friedman, C. Drees (1, SMNHTAU); Ze’elim, 15.v.1987, Y. Zvik (1, SMNHTAU), 17.iv.2005, A. Gotlieb (1, SMNHTAU); ‘Aro’er, 3.v.2003, W. Kuslitzky (1, SMNHTAU) ; Central Negev: Mishor Yamin, 13.iii.1990, J. Halperin, ex Calligonum comosum, 9.vii.1990 (1, SMNHTAU); Mezad Tamar (Ma’ale Tamar), 9.vi.1997, L. Friedman, on Retama raetam (1, SMNHTAU); Mezad Tamar, 20.vii.2015, L. Friedman, on Polygonum (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Zin, Rt. 40, near ‘Avedat, 29.v.2002, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU), L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Sede Boqer, 29.v.2002, A. Freidberg (5, SMNHTAU), L. Friedman (17, SMNHTAU); Har Horesha, Rt 171, 30°30 N 34°36 E , 935 m, 26.vi.2012, L. Friedman (3, SMNHTAU), N.</p><p>Dorchin (1, SMNHTAU), on Achillea fragrantissima, Arthemisa herba-alba, Centaurea damascenea; Arava Valley: Hazeva, 10.vi.2001, V. Kravchenko (3, SMNHTAU) . Israel (exact loc.?) 1900–1915, p. E. Schmitz (1, SMNHTAU); Palaestina, Reitter (1, SMNHTAU).</p><p>Biology. No precise potential host plant could be identified from the labels. This species was found on various Asteraceae and also on Quercus sp., which are probably used by adults for feeding activity or as a shelter. Months of collection: March–December.</p><p>Distribution. This species is widely distributed throughout the Mediterranean basin and throughout Israel. It is here reported for the first time for Israel.</p><p>Discussion. The general appearance of this species is close to S. jungermanniae in both external and internal morphology. In addition to the characters presented in the identification key, S. albosquamosus is wider than S. jungermanniae . The median lobe of the male genitalia is similar in conformation but slightly larger in S. albosquamosus (0.2–0.3 mm for S. jungermanniae versus 0.3–0.4 mm for S. albosquamosus (Péricart 1957)) . The identification is difficult in some specimens, in particular regarding the length of the claws as well as intermediate phenotypes that are found. However, the genetic distances clearly show that these species are distinct from one another (11.4–12.2 % of divergence). Both species are often sympatric and no differences in biology and phenology were observed in the course of this study.</p><p>6. Smicronyx (s. str.) jordanicus Haran sp. nov. (Fig. 2, 5, 7, 11, 12, 20)</p><p>Description. 1.9–2.2 mm, close to S. jungermanniae, integument of body black and shiny, covered with elongate pale yellow scales, oval, twice as long as wide. Rostrum black, longer than pronotum and strongly arched at base in both sexes (Fig. 11–12); scales on dorsal surface oriented backward, not concealing integument, grouped at base of rostrum (♀) or reaching antennal insertion and forming four distinct rows (6), apical part glabrous (♀) or exhibiting rows of very short yellow scales (6); antennae black, base of scape reddish, inserted at apical 1/3, scape slightly “S” shaped and clavate at apex, not reaching eyes; club oval and acuminate. Head covered with scales similar to those of rostrum. Pronotum slightly wider than long (l/w: 0.85), moderately narrowed near apex and basis, sides feebly rounded, widest after middle; scales concealing integument laterally, in the centre integument visible through vestiture; finely punctate. Elytra (l/w: 1.6) with prominent humeri, base distinctly broader than pronotum, widest in middle, sides strait in basal 2/3 (6) or feebly rounded (♀); dorsal surface covered by overlapping pale yellow scales, concealing integument, forming 2–3 row on intervals, striae distinct; abdominal sternites densely coated with whitish scales, overlapping, integument almost invisible. Legs black, covered with elongated overlapping scales, not concealing integument; femora and tibiae of normal structure, fore femora armed with a small ventral tooth that may be concealed by scales; tarsi elongated, last article longer than 2 basal articles; claws equals. Genitalia 6: median lobe elongated (Fig. 7), three time longer than wide (l/w: 3), sides subparallel, slightly expanding at apex, feebly curved in lateral view; parameres almost as long as median lobe. Genitalia ♀: of common structure. Sexual dimorphism: Females exhibit a slightly longer rostrum. Variability: scale cover varies from homogenous pale yellow to pale yellow with pale brownish shades.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: Jordan (complete location in Sahlberg (1912): iii.1904, shore of Jordan River, near the seasonal river Vadi en Navâime, recently Wadi Nueima, north to Yeriho), J. Sahlberg, “ hierichonticus K. Daniel “, “var-Holotypus Smicronyx rufipennis f. hierichontica K. Daniel “ (ZSM, specimen identified with a type label: Holotype Smicronyx jordanicus Haran) . Paratype 1: Israel, Deir Hajla, 28.iv.1999, L. Friedman leg. , 1♀ deposited at SMNHTAU (specimen identified with the label: Paratype Smicronyx jordanicus Haran). Paratype 2: Israel, Yeriho (Jericho), 7.v.2014, J. Haran leg., sweeping Cuscuta monogyna, 1 6 deposited at MNHN (specimen identified with the label: Paratype Smicronyx jordanicus Haran) . Paratype 3: data as for Paratype 2, 1♀ deposited at BMNH (specimen identified with the label: Paratype Smicronyx jordanicus Haran). Paratypes: data as for Paratype 2, 4♀, 1 6 deposited at JHcoll (specimen identified with the label: Paratype Smicronyx jordanicus Haran), 1 Paratype specimen from this series sequenced, voucher code: 2650-HAR_24065_JHA-13.16664. Deposited at Curci).</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in reference to the location where all the known specimens were recorded: namely, within the Jordan Valley.</p><p>Biology. This species is recorded on Cuscuta monogyna Vahl, which is a parasite of shrubs of Acacia sp. at the sampling site (Fig. 23). Sahlberg (1912) noted that this species can be found in the same biotope as S. fulvipes . Months of collection: March–June.</p><p>Distribution. All older and recent collection sites are in the Jordan Valley near the Dead Sea, where this species seems to be restricted. We found no data from adjacent countries. This species is very rare in museum collections. During the intensive regular collecting in February–August 2016 around Yeriho, undertaken by LF, no additional specimens of S. jordanicus were found.</p><p>Discussion. This species was first noted in Sahlberg (1912) as a new species described by K. Daniel. We examined the material from ZSM collection and found that the corresponding specimen was labeled by the author not as a new species but rather as a subspecies, “ hierichontica”, of the species S. rufipennis Tournier (= S. pauperculus Wollaston). The other specimen of the series from “Jerico” and similarly labeled (subspecies “ hierichontica ”) corresponded to the species S. syriacus (specimen with pale vestiture) and was therefore relabelled accordingly. Other than in Sahlberg’s (1912) catalogue, the species hierichonticus has never been formally described and no diagnosis exists. Consequently, S. hierichonticus of K. Daniel is not an available name, similar to others in Sahlberg (1912) (Lutz Behne pers. comm.). We establish that the specimen collected by John Sahlberg is indeed a new species and we provide a description for it. Smicronyx jordanicus is morphologically similar to S. jungermanniae and particularly resembles pale specimens of the latter species. The arched base of the rostrum and the length of the tarsi are diagnostic characters by which S. jordanicus can be distinguished from S. jungermanniae . The median lobe of the male genitalia is also similar to S. jungermanniae, but lacking helical scleromes in the internal sac (Fig. 7). Molecular data also reveals that this species is close to, but distinct from S. jungermanniae (10.3–11.1 % of divergence).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C28AC74FFD0FFFDFF40FCDBFB83EDD5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haran, Julien;Schütte, André;Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid	Haran, Julien, Schütte, André, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2017): A review of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Israel, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4237 (1): 17-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.1.2
9C28AC74FFD6FFFCFF40FC05F851EDD6.text	9C28AC74FFD6FFFCFF40FC05F851EDD6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicronyx jungermanniae (Reich 1797) Reich 1797	<div><p>7. Smicronyx (s. str.) jungermanniae (Reich 1797)</p><p>(Fig. 4, 6, 19)</p><p>Material examined. Har Hermon: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.666668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.25" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.666668/lat 33.25)">Har Dov</a>, 33o15’N 35o40’E, 300m, 6.vi.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Har Hermon , 1700m, 6.vi.2013, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Golan Heights: Ma’agar Bental, 33°08'N 35°47'E, 7.v.2007 (1, SMNHTAU) W. Kuslitzky; Upper Galilee: Tel Dan, 5.x.2002, V. Kravchenko, V. Chikatunov, light trap (1, SMNHTAU); ‘Enot ‘Enan, 1.v.2006, L. Friedman (3, SMNHTAU); Lower Galilee: Umm el-Ghanem , 32°40’N 35°23’E, 8.v.2013, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU), 1.vi.2008, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 11.v.2010, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU), 8.v.2013, L. Friedman (3, SMNHTAU); Solelim, 1 km W, 31.vii.2001, E. Orbach (1, SMNHTAU); Bet Lehem haGelilit, 21.x.2014, L. Friedman, on Quercus ithaburensis (1, SMNHTAU); Northern Coastal Plain: ' En Afeq, 2.viii.2002, V. Kravchenko, V. Chikatunov, “light”, (1, SMNHTAU); Carmel Ridge: Regavim, 26.iv.2010, L. Gidron, on pomegranate (1, SMNHTAU); Samaria: Hare Gilboa' [ Mount Gilboa], 6.v.2014, J. Haran, on Cuscuta campestris (2, JHcoll) ; Jordan Valley: Hammat Gader, 15.vi.2002, V. Kravchenko, light trap (1, SMNHTAU); Nahal Yehudiyya, near Zomet Yehudiyya, 15.viii.2000, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Ma’agan , 32o42’32”N 35o35’01”E, 10.v.2010, L. Friedman, C. Drees, pitfall5 (1, SMNHTAU); Foothills of Judea: Kefar Menahem, 25.i.2015, Plant Protection and Inspection Services, in gall on Olea europaea (1, SMNHTAU); Judean Desert: Nahal Perat [Wadi Kelt], 23.vii.2002, V. Kravchenko, “light”, (2, SMNHTAU), 23.iv.2003, V. Kravchenko, V. Chikatunov, light trap (1, SMNHTAU). Dead Sea Area: Yeriho [ Jericho], 7.v.2014, sweeping Cuscuta monogyna, J. Haran (4, JHcoll) ; Central Coastal Plain: Ga’ash, 1.v.2014, J. Haran (4, JHcoll, 1 specimen sequenced from this series, voucher code: 2640-HAR_24055_JHA-3.16654. Deposited at Curci); Ga’ash Pool Nature Reserve, 7.v.2015, L. Friedman (5, SMNHTAU); Sothern Coastal Plain : Tel Aviv, 23.vi.2007, W. Kuslitzky, light trap (1, SMNHTAU); ‘Enot Gibbeton Nature Reserve, 13.xi.2014, L. Friedman, on Cuscuta (9, SMNHTAU); Nizzanim , 31°43.3’N 34°37.6’E, 17.vii.2008, C. Grach, O. Rittner, Malaise trap (1, SMNHTAU); Northern Negev: HaBesor Nature Reserve, South, 8.v.2010, wet meadow, pitfall trap, L. Friedman, C. Drees (1, SMNHTAU); Bor Mashash , 31o04.6’N 34o50.2’E, 29.vii.2007, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU), L. Friedman (5, SMNHTAU); Shivta, 9.vii.2001, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Shivta Rd., Sede Paqqu’a, nr. Ashalim, 9.vii.2001, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); ‘ Ezuz (Be’erotayim), nr. Nizzana, 17 . v.1 998, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Central Negev: Zomet Hatrurim, 11.vii.2012, N. Dorchin, ex Achillea (1, SMNHTAU); Park Yeroham , 450m, 30o59.4’N 34o53.7’E, 29.vii.2007, L. Friedman (1, SMNHTAU); Sede Boqer, 6.vi.1983, J. Halperin, on Pistacia vera (1, SMNHTAU), 29.v.2002, A. Freidberg (7, SMNHTAU), L. Friedman (12, SMNHTAU), vi.2010, A. Freidberg, ex Echinops polyceras (4, SMNHTAU); ‘En Mor, 24.x.1988, J. Halperin (3, SMNHTAU); ‘Avedat, 30.v.1985, J. Halperin, on Pistacia vera (2, SMNHTAU); Nahal Zin, Rt. 40, near ‘Avedat, 29.v.2002, A. Freidberg (1, SMNHTAU); Har Ramon, 950m, 8.v.2003, L. Friedman (2, SMNHTAU); Har Horesha, Rt 171, 30°30N 34°36E, 935 m, 26.vi.2012, L. Friedman (3, SMNHTAU), N. Dorchin (2, SMNHTAU), on Achillea fragrantissima (4, SMNHTAU), Arthemisa herba-alba (2, SMNHTAU), Centaurea damascenea (2, SMNHTAU); Har Horesha, Rt. 171, 30o30’N 34o36’E, 935m, 26.vi.2012, L. Friedman, on Achillea fragrantissima, Arthemisia herba-alba, Centaurea damascena (20, SMNHTAU); Southern Negev: Ma’ale ‘ Aqrabbim, 8.vi.2015, I. Zonstein (2, SMNHTAU) ; Arava Valley: Hazeva, 10.vi.2001, V. Kravchenko, (1, SMNHTAU); Shaharut, 7.iii.2002, M. Finkel (1, SMNHTAU).</p><p>Biology. This species was recorded on Cuscuta campestris Yunck. This plant is commonly found on disturbed soil, and is often a parasite of ruderal plants occurring in agricultural land. Months of collection: January– November.</p><p>Distribution. Widespread species, occurring throughout the Mediterranean rim, central and northern Europe, up to and including Central Asia and Pakistan.</p><p>Discussion. This species is close to S. albosquamosus, which is sympatric, and it is sometimes hard to distinguish from the latter. Apart from the claws, which are always equal in S. jungermanniae (unequal in S. albosquamosus), this species is generally smaller than S. albosquamosus . The vestiture of the elytra does not form the white “V” typical of S. albosquamosus . Intermediate phenotypes between the two species exist. Smicronyx jungermanniae was also found to be sympatric with S. pauperculus on Cuscuta campestris Yunck., and with S. jordanicus on C. monogyna Vahl.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C28AC74FFD6FFFCFF40FC05F851EDD6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haran, Julien;Schütte, André;Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid	Haran, Julien, Schütte, André, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2017): A review of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Israel, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4237 (1): 17-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.1.2
9C28AC74FFD7FFFCFF40FC07FFC6E978.text	9C28AC74FFD7FFFCFF40FC07FFC6E978.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smicronyx	<div><p>Key to species of Smicronyx in Israel</p><p>1. Small species (body length &lt;2.5 mm), integument black or reddish, concealed by scales (fresh individuals), shiny on elytra but not smooth. Subgenus Smicronyx s. str. (Fig. 15–20).......................................................... 2</p><p>1’ Large species (body length&gt; 2.5 mm), integument shiny black, smooth on elytra, dorsum glabrous except patches with ocher scales on shoulders (Fig. 21). Subgenus Chalybodontus Desbrochers des Loges........1. S. fulvipes Reiche &amp; Saulcy, 1858</p><p>2. Integument black; legs dark. Vestiture variable.............................................................. 3</p><p>2’ Integument reddish, at least partly on elytra, suture usually darker (Fig. 15); legs reddish. Vestiture sparse, usually composed of small elongate brown scales with transverse and irregular clearer bands. Integument may be entirely black in some specimens. Median lobe of male genitalia short, expanded at apex (Fig. 8)....................... 2. S. pauperculus Wollaston, 1864</p><p>3. Claws equal, pattern of elytra variable, never forming a distinct white “V”........................................4</p><p>3’ Claws unequal at least on fore legs, pattern of elytra generally forming a distinct white “V” (Fig. 18)........................................................................................... 5. S. albosquamosus Wollaston, 1854</p><p>4. Scape thin and longer (Fig. 2, 3)..........................................................................5</p><p>4’ Scape short and thick (Fig. 1), prothorax coarse. Vestiture generally brown with two contrasted white spots on shoulders and an apical transverse band (Fig. 16). Median lobe of male genitalia short, sides subparallel (Fig. 9).... 4. S. syriacus Faust, 1887</p><p>5. Prothorax coarsely sculptured. Femora and tibiae reddish in middle. Scales on elytra elongated (3 times longer than wide at least), scattered, not concealing the integument (Fig. 17). Vestiture variable, pale grey with translucent scales, or dark brown with shades of pale brown. Median lobe of male genitalia short (1/3 longer than wide), sides converging apically (Fig. 10)..............................................................................3. Smicronyx longitarsis sp. nov.</p><p>5’ Prothorax smooth. Legs entirely black. Scales on elytra short (maximum 2 times longer than wide), dense, almost concealing the integument on fresh specimens (Fig. 19–20). Vestiture pale yellow or brown with shades of pale brown. Median lobe of male genitalia long (length more than twice the width, Fig. 6–7)................................................6</p><p>6. Base of rostrum strongly arched (Fig. 11–12). Tarsi elongate, last article as long as the three basal ones (Fig. 5). Vestiture pale yellow, homogenous, rarely with shades of slightly darker scales (Fig. 20). Median lobe of male genitalia lacking helical scleromes (Fig. 7)..................................................................... 6. S. jordanicus sp. nov.</p><p>6‘ Base of rostrum not strongly arched. Tarsi shorter, last article shorter than the three basal ones (Fig. 4). Vestiture variable, never homogenous (Fig. 19). Median lobe of male genitalia with helical scleromes (Fig. 6)......................................................................................................7. S. jungermanniae (Reich, 1797)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C28AC74FFD7FFFCFF40FC07FFC6E978	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Haran, Julien;Schütte, André;Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid	Haran, Julien, Schütte, André, Friedman, Ariel-Leib-Leonid (2017): A review of Smicronyx Schoenherr (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) of Israel, with description of two new species. Zootaxa 4237 (1): 17-40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4237.1.2
