taxonID	type	description	language	source
A32D6A0EFFE5FFF47075FC05614BE67C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Many parthenogenetic females from Silvituc lagoon. Body 0.60 – 0.70 mm, elongate. Head small, slightly directed downward. Second antenna almost reaching posterior margin of valves (Fig. 2). Ventral margin of valves with a wide inflexion, armed with several thin setae (Fig. 3). A dorsal spine with long setules near posterior margin of valves (Fig. 4). Antennal setae 4 – 7 / 0 – 1 – 4, spines 1 – 1 / 0 – 1 – 1 (Fig. 5). Rows of fine spinules on lateral side of postabdomen. Postabdominal claws armed laterally with two rows of fine denticles (Fig. 8) and three long spines on the base, two of them wavy.	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFE4FFF87075FA20663AE35D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Six females from Mahahual, three females from Galeana, two females from Popalillo (Mexico), and three females from a pond near Raxruja (Guatemala). Additional material: Five specimens from Santa Fe, Argentina. Body 0.28 – 0.31 mm (n = 6), more or less rounded, surface of shell strongly squamose (Fig 9). Head shield with a sole “ pore ” (window) bordered by a cuticle thickening (Figs 10 and 13). First antenna dilated distally, with 5 – 7 transverse rows of fine spinules, on its distal part several series of longer spinules are inserted on the internal side (Fig 11). When females from Mexico and Guatemala were compared with females from Santa Fe (Argentina), we observed that the antennules in the latter presented a heavier armature (see Fig. 14, and compare with 11), represented by three rows of larger spinules. Second antenna stout, all segments also covered by numerous rows of spinules (Fig. 12), antennal formula with spines 0 – 1 – 0 – 1 / 0 – 0 – 1, setae 0 – 0 – 1 – 3 / 1 – 1 – 3. Numeration of setae in Figs 15 ­ 20 is the same as in the redescription of M. elegans by Kotov et al. (2004). Limb I (Fig. 15, 16), ODL bearing a long apical seta, with strong setules in the second half, and a small unilaterally setulated lateral seta (Fig. 16). IDL with three setae of different length, unilaterally setulated along their second half (Fig. 16). Endite 3 with four setae. Seta “ a ” strong, bisegmented, with long setules in one side of distal part; setae “ b ” and “ c ” similar, stout, with a row of short setules on one side (Fig. 15). Seta 1, the smallest, naked. Endite 2 with three bisegmented setae (“ d ”, “ e ” and “ f ”), with dense setulation at their distal segment and short setules basally, with stronger appearance. Endite 1 with two long setae (“ g ” and “ h ”), with fine, long, unilateral setulation, seta “ g ” with short setules basally. Forks on endites 1 and 2 broad at base. Fork on endite 1 (marked with number 3), left part acute, right part with three teeth. Fork on Endite 2 (marked with number 2), left part acute, right part with two teeth (Fig. 15). Limb II (Fig. 17). Exopodite elongated with one seta bilaterally armed with long setules and a series of spinules along distal margin. Endopodite with eight scrapers. Scraper 1 and 2 long, with broad basis, bisegmented, with distal segments finely setulated. Remaining scrapers shorter, with robuster denticles. Scrapers 3 – 5 with a single denticle more developed than the others. Gnathobase distally with four setae. Filter comb with four long setae, bisegmented, and bilaterally setulated in distal part. Limb III (Fig. 18), exopodite elongated, with four setae (1 – 4), three of them located distally, distalmost bilaterally setulated, while the two others unilaterally setulated. Seta 4 shorter, located more proximally than the others, bilaterally setulated. Distal endite anteriorly with two bisegmented setae, feathered in distal part, and one unisegemented seta. Posteriorly, seta “ a ” with bifurcated tip, followed by six (only three illustrated) bisegmented setae. Three modified setae on basal endite (sensorial?). Gnathobase as a lobe with rows of small spinules and a small globular projection. Limb IV (Fig. 19), exopodite small, with distal group of three bilaterally feathered setae, one of them more densely setulated that the other two. At inner margin a row of four elements (1 – 4), seta 1 longest, setulated distally in one side, each setae 2 – 4 with an inflated basal and elongated distal part, densely setulated. Posteriorly, a row of five erect setae, similar in size. On gnathobase, a single seta continues this posterior row of setae, according to Kotov et al. (2004), it is a remainder of filter plate IV. Distal armature of gnathobase, with three elements, a large lobe with a bunch of hairs in the tip, a setae fully setulated in the second half, and a small seta with dilated distal part and setules in both sides. Limb V (Fig. 20), exopodite with two setae, endopodite with a single seta, gnathobase as a setulated lobe. Although this species was previously discussed by Garfias­Espejo & E lías­Gutiérrez (2004), here we include some important remarks about it.	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFE9FFFE7075FD33610FE40D.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: + 20 parthenogenetic females from Silvituc, Campeche (Mexico), three females from La Democracia (Belize). This species was also mentioned by Garfias­Espejo & Elías­Gutiérrez (2004) but here we include a brief description, including some SEM microphotographs as a reference for future studies. Body 0.73 – 0.85 mm, subovoid, with posterior margin convex (Fig. 21). Ventral margin of valve covered in the first two thirds by lanceolate setae (Fig. 23), widest in the middle, and the last third with smaller aciculate setae (Fig. 24). Surface of valves with a uniform squamose appearance forming concentric lines in the whole length of the body (Fig. 21) being especially distinct on the head shield. Head shield lacks a dorsal head pore (Fig. 22). Antennule rod­like, with 6 – 8 transverse rows of small spinules (Figs. 29, 30), ending in a series of spine­like projections surrounding the distal margin. Nine aestethascs of different length. Second antenna with spine formula: 0 – 1 – 0 – 1 / 0 – 0 – 1, and setal formula: 0 – 0 – 1 – 3 / 1 – 1 – 3 (Fig 31). Postabdomen bilobed (Fig 25), its proximal part compressed laterally and bordered by a double row of small spinules (Fig. 26, 27). Anal region not as compressed as proximal part of postabdomen, with anus subterminal, bordered by a row of strong spines (Figs. 28), and a solitary large anal tooth on proximal side. Postabdominal claw strongly chitinized, with two rows of spinules along concave margin, the internal row with small and external row with larger spinules. Two basal spines of different size (Fig. 28).	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFEFFFFF7075FAE361B5E635.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Five females from Leona Vicario I and one female from Sabancuy (Mexico). Body 0.55 – 0.6 mm, oval, moderately elongate, with a long rostrum. Ventral margin of valves with 60 – 70 plumose setae (Fig. 32). Posterior margin of valves angulated, with one­two denticles directed posteriad (Figs. 33, 34). Antennule short, with nine aesthetascs and a lateral seta. Labrum triangular, anterior side being convex almost straight (Fig. 35). Second antenna with spine formula: 1 – 0 – 1 / 0 – 0 – 1, seta formula: 0 – 0 – 3 / 1 – 1 – 3 (Fig. 36). Postabdomen narrowing distally, with anal spines increasing in size distally. Postabdominal claws with proximalmost basal spine smaller than distal one (Fig. 37). Limbs follow arrangement proposed by Chiambeng & Dumont (2004). Trunk limb I, ODL with a long seta plus a small spine near base; IDL with three setae (Fig. 39); two shorter, unequal in length and one long seta, finely setulated on one side, more robust than the other ones. Corm with five rows of stiff, curved setules on ventral side and 10 long setae (Fig. 38) located on three endites: E 1 with three setulated setae of subequal length and an accessory seta; E 2 with three setae, the middle one longest; a shorter accessory seta near its base; E 3 with four bisegmented bilaterally setulated setae, one of them located below E 1. A single seta (maxillary process) and two ejector hooks near base of limb. Trunk limb II (Fig. 40), EX barrel­shaped, with a broad­based, apically implanted seta. Endopodite with eight scrapers. All scrapers finely denticulated. Scrapers 1 – 2 the longest, subequal in size; 3 – 4 decreasing in length, with 5 longer again, and 6 ­ 8 shorter, decreasing in length. The part of the GT between scraper 8 and apical elements convex, adorned with tuft of spine­like setae and a distal spinule. Gnathobasic filter­comb with eight setae. Trunk limb III (Fig. 41, 42), EP squarish, EX rectangular, with three external setae approximately the same length and four distal setae; seta closest to external side thickest and longest; seta 6 with 6 – 8 stiff, long setules; seta 7 lined with shortened setules. Endopodite (Fig. 42) on external portion with two long setae and one receptor. Internal portion with distal row of four, stiff setae and an obliquely placed receptor. Laterally five bisegmented setae. Posteriorly a comb of six setae. Trunk limb IV (Figs. 43, 44) with PEP as a lobe marginally feathered with long setules; EP elongate; EX roundish, with seven marginal setae: setae 1 – 4 subequal; 5 – 6 shorter, similar in size, and 7 the shortest (Fig. 43); endopodite (Fig. 44) with external erect spine and three setae. A comb of three plumose setae present on its posterior side. Gnathobase with finger­like receptor and a comb of six plumose setae. Trunk limb V (Fig. 45, 46), PEP marginally feathered; EP elongate, subrectangular; EX with four setae followed by two internal “ humps ” (sensu Chiambeng & Dumont (2004); EN small, single lobed, elongate, partially setulated and with one seta near its base, much shorter than single long seta on GT; FC with four setae (Fig. 46). Frey (1993) and later Smirnov (1996 b) supported the idea of a separate genus Picripleuroxus, based on the elongate shape of some Pleuroxus ­ like chydorids. Later Chiambeng and Dumont (2004), after a careful analysis of thoracic limbs, concluded that the existence of this new genus proposed by Frey (1993) is doubtful. Considering the conservative structure of the limbs in this genus, we coincide at the moment with Chiambeng and Dumont (2004). This species has been recorded in Iraq and Argentina (Smirnov 1996 a). The morphology of our material agrees with Smirnov's (1996 b) description, and the species is undoubtedly related to P. denticulatus. From this species it differs in relative length of setae of fifth limb, the denticles in posteroventral corner of valves. However, further revision of South American and Australian populations is needed, as Smirnov (1996 a) stated.	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFEDFFE27075FE836099E205.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Three females from Silvituc (Mexico). Body 0.26 – 0.29 mm, globular, with round posterior margin. No spines at the posteroventral angle but the last two setae from internal margin of valves spiniform and sclerotized (Fig. 47). Antennule shorter than rostrum, with nine aesthetascs and one lateral seta. Second antennae short with setae formula: 0 – 1 – 3 / 0 – 0 – 3, and spine formula: 0 – 0 – 1 / 0 – 0 – 1. Labrum with anterior margin denticulated with at least three well­defined denticles, sometimes four or even five (Fig. 48). When more than three denticles are present on the labrum, the proximalmost ones are smaller than distal ones, and not as wellmarked as the latter. Postabdomen with a preanal angle well­defined, rounded, and covered by small spinules. Number of postanal spines 10 – 12, with two or three more proximally, noticeably larger than others (Fig. 49). Postabdominal claw with two basal spines, proximal one shorter, and a series of fine spinules along concave margin. This cladoceran was described as Chydorus tridentatus by Bergamin (1939), and subsequently re­allocated to the genus Ephemeroporus by Frey (1982). Later Paggi (1983) redescribed it based on material from the Paraná River basin. He described the males and found some differences in the spinulation of the postabdomen and two additional spines on the claw, which may be useful in taxonomy. The only difference between Paggi's (1983) description and our material is that the two last setules on the posterior margin of the valves were not setulated in our specimens. All other features were similar. Our record expands the distribution range of this species from South America to South Mexico, thus becoming also the northernmost record of this species.	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFF3FFE27075FCEB6131E792.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Eight females from Silvituc and Galeana sinkholes (Mexico). Body elongate, with posterior margin more or less straight. Posteroventral corner with three denticles and ca. 90 setae, the ones in first two thirds larger than those in posterior third. Valves strongly reticulated (Fig. 50). Rostrum widely semicircular, covering partially the antennules. Head shield also strongly reticulated with main head pores connected and lateral head pores heart­shaped, also connected to the central main pore (Fig. 51). Postabdomen narrowing distally with anal spines not forming groups, only in some cases two spines are closely placed (Fig. 52), and lateral seta forming groups. Postabdominal claws with a basal spine, and a row of spinules at concave side. Convex side with three denticles inserted in the distal third (Fig. 53). This genus was previously reported from Mexico by Juday (1915) but after this no records have been published (Elías­Gutiérrez et al., 1999). The most recent studies on Graptoleberis are by Hudec (1988) who suggested that G. testudinaria (Fischer) is actually a species complex, not only subspecies as it was proposed by Smirnov (1971) and Radzimovski (1982). Venkataraman (1999) assigned his material from India to G. testudinaria, but the description was poor. The material examined in this study is different from the only taxon of this genus described from South America, G. testudinaria occidentalis Sars, 1901.	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFF3FFE07075F941606EE0BD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: Three females from Silvituc (Mexico). Body 0.63 mm, oval, with ventral part slightly convex (Fig. 54). Postero­ventral margin of valves with a submarginal row of setules, sometimes arranged in a row not welldefined, sometimes arranged in 5 – 6 groups of 4 – 5 setules each (Fig. 56). Two major head pores connected, post pore distance 1.5 times larger than inter pore distance, lateral pores slightly anterior to the level of first major pore (Fig 55). Postabdomen (Fig. 57) with dorsal part slightly convex and distal part more or less rounded, with 12 – 14 anal spines and 9 – 10 lateral fascicles of setae. Each anal spine armed with 3 – 4 spinules.	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFF3FFE07075F941606EE0BD.taxon	materials_examined	Unfortunately, we did not collect any male so we cannot make a definite conclusion concerning the taxonomical identity of the material examined in this study. Our material agrees with the original description of the female except for the setulation of the posteroventral corner, something also found in the material assigned to A. affinis from Venezuela (Zoppi de Roa and Vasquez 1991). Further studies on more material from South America on the variability of A. ossiani should be made before a definite conclusion concerning the validity of this taxon and its distribution can be made.	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFF1FFE07075FD9367FEE452.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: several females from each of the following localities: Silvituc, Km 51 and Charco 3 (Mexico). Body 0.38 – 0.42 mm, oval, posterior margin convex, with postero­ventral angle curved, not armed with spines, with a row of spinules which runs from margin to inner side of valves (Fig. 58). Head with a slight depression in the posterior part. Head shield with main pores not connected, two connected small pores between them (Fig. 60). Rostrum projected with a round tip, covering antennules and partially aesthetascs. Labrum wide not pointed, with a noticeable row of setules along anterior margin (Fig. 61). Second antenna with spine formula: 1 – 0 – 1 / 0 – 0 – 1 and setal formula: 0 – 0 – 3 / 1 – 1 – 3, in some specimens segments armed with small setules (Fig. 62). Postabdomen with anal spines increasing in size distally, only the distalmost ones smaller (near base of claws). Larger anal spines each with a small bifurcation one third from tip (Fig. 63). Postabdominal claws with one basal spine and a small spinule near the insertion with postabdomen. Lateral setae arranged in groups (Fig. 64).	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
A32D6A0EFFF1FFE67075FA016285E2A5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined: + 10 females from three localities at Tabasco (Mexico). Body 0.72 – 0.8 mm, ovoid, with posterior margin convex, ventral margin of valves with ca. 90 setulated setae (Fig. 65). Postero­ventral margin of valves with small spinules (Fig. 67). Rostrum with a rounded tip, less projected than in O. ciliata. Labrum more or less triangular, with a rounded tip, without setules (Fig. 66). Second antenna with spine formula: 1 – 0 – 1 / 0 – 0 – 1 and setal formula: 0 – 0 – 3 / 1 – 1 – 3, with groups of small spinules on segments of the exopod and the endopod (Fig. 68). Postabdomen with 12 – 14 anal spines two of which are longer than the rest (Fig. 69). Groups of setules on lateral sides. Postabdominal claw with a basal spine, followed by a row of smaller spinulae (Fig. 70). Concave side also with a row of spinules. Trunk limb I (Fig. 71, 72), ODL with one seta (Fig. 71); IDL with two setae, endites 1 – 3 with two, three and four setae respectively. A small accessory seta present near the base of IDL. Trunk limb II (Fig. 73) with eight scrapers increasing in size distally, the three more proximal with a more developed pecten of sclerotized teeth; GT with five filtering elements, two densely setulated setae, and a lobe. Trunk limb IV (Fig. 74, 75) with six filtering setae of different length on the exopodite; gnathobase with five filtering setae (Fig. 75). Endopod with a distalmost seta sclerotized, hook­like and followed by three pectinate setae. Setae of external armature bisegmented. Trunk limb V (Fig. 76) with five filtering setae on EX and no setae on GT. Oxyurella longicaudis is less rare than O. ciliata. A significant number of specimens were found at three localities in the present study. According to Michael and Frey (1983) O. brevicaudis Michael & Frey also occur in the studied region, but we found only the two previously mentioned taxa. The same authors stressed the difficulties in finding material of Oxyurella in samples from North America. We found these two species to be co­existing in the same pond in Tabasco State (see Table 2), but it is easy to distinguish them on basis of the characters already given (labrum, distal anal spines, their armature, and size of specimens).	en	Elías-Gutiérrez, Manuel, Kotov, Alexey A., Garfias-Espejo, Tania (2006): Cladocera (Crustacea: Ctenopoda, Anomopoda) from southern Mexico, Belize and northern Guatemala, with some biogeographical notes. Zootaxa 1119: 1-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.171670
