taxonID	type	description	language	source
A24087A73966042AFF7FFF51FAD2FEEC.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 a, 2 g – h, 3 a, 4 a, 5 a, 6 a – b, 7 a, 8 a, 10 a – b, 11 a, 12 a, 13 a, 14 a, 15 a, 16 a)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73966042AFF7FFF51FAD2FEEC.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Length 12.2 – 16.7 mm; width 4.4 – 8.6 mm. Color light to dark reddish brown. Head: Frons mostly impunctate between eyes and coarsely rugopunctate just behind frontoclypeal carina. Frontoclypeal region with transverse carina slightly separated at middle (Fig. 4 a). Clypeus strongly rugopunctate to transversely rugose, tapering to slightly emarginate, broad apex with 2 reflexed teeth. Mandibles with 2 teeth, apical tooth acute, subapical notch deep (Fig. 6 a – b); labium densely setose, paraglossa undeveloped, apex convergent (Fig. 7 a); maxilla with galea developed, with 5 teeth. Pronotum: Surface crazed, sparsely punctate; punctures moderately large, umbilicate. Anterior margin with small, median tubercle followed by small, shallow fovea (Fig. 8 a). Elytra: Surface with micropunctures and large punctures mixed (large punctures moderately dense, ocellate) and with 3 distinct pairs of punctures. First broad interval with or without large punctures. Pygidium: Surface sparsely punctate, punctures becoming dense in basal angles; punctures small to moderate in size, weakly ocellate. In lateral view, surface of males regularly convex, surface in females weakly convex. Legs: Protibia tridentate, basal tooth slightly removed. Protarsus in male simple, not enlarged. Mesotibia with 1 basal and 1 medial transverse carina, each with spine-like setae (Fig. 10 a – b). Metatibia with 1 basal, transverse carina interrupted at middle and with spine-like setae and 1 medial, complete, transverse carina; apex with about 29 spinules (Fig. 10 b). First metatarsomere triangularly expanded, apex subtruncate. Venter: Prosternal process tall, thick; apex small, suboval, usually with long, slender setae. Mesosternal surface sparsely setose, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface densely punctate, punctures ocellate, setose; setae slender, long; lateral edge rugopunctate with long, slender setae. Abdominal ventrite VIII depressed at middle, (Fig. 1 g – h). Male Genitalia: Parameres (Fig. 11 a, 12 a, 13 a) subtriangular, rounded apices curving outwards. Internal sac (Fig. 15 a) lacking copulatory lamellae. Female. Length 16.9 – 19.6 mm; width 8.3 – 10.6 mm. Similar to male, but disc of pronotum smooth, pygidium slightly concave, and gonocoxite smaller than gonocoxal sternite and lacking a semicircular furrow (Fig. 14 a).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73966042AFF7FFF51FAD2FEEC.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tomarus bidentulus occurs in Argentina and Uruguay (Endrödi 1969 a – b, 1985; Abadie et al. 2008). Locality Records (Fig. 16 a). 711 specimens examined from BCRC, CMNC, IADIZA, MACN, MLPA, URMU.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73966042AFF7FFF51FAD2FEEC.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA (676). BUENOS AIRES (46): Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires-Capital Federal, Necochea, San Blas, Villa Gessell, Villarica (30 km SW). CATAMARCA (5): Tinogasti-Fiambala. CHACO (1): Resistencia. CHUBUT (2): Dolavon. CHUBUT (2): Estación de Esquel, San Jorge. CÓRDOBA (1): No Data. JUJUY (3): Posta de Lozano, No Data. LA PAMPA (2): Chacharramendi. LA RIOJA (7): Jaguey, Mascasin, Patiquía, Tinogasta, Villa Union. MENDOZA (30): Bardas Blancas, Cerro Quadral, Las Heras, La Valle, Mendoza Capital, Ov. Balleza, Ranquil Norte, El Nihuil-San Rafael. MISIONES (2): Posadas. NEUQUÉN (72): Allere, Anelo, Bajada Marucho, Bajada Agrio, Collon-Curá, Covuco, Coyunca, Huncal, La Negra, La Pintada, Pampa Salado, Picun Leufu, Piedra del Agüila, Pilmatus, Planicie Banderita, Río Salado, Zalapa-Catuto. RÍO NEGRO (469): Allén, Catriel, Cipolletti, Conesal, Fray Luis Beltrán, General Gómez, General Roca, Paso Flores, Piedra Aguila, Río Negro-Capital, San Antonio Oeste, Valcheta, Villa Regina. SALTA (32): Cafayate-Norte 1 km., Los Lajitas, Salta-Capital. SAN LUIS (1): Paso Patria. SANTA CRUZ (1): Santa Cruz-Capital. TUCUMÁN (1): Tafi de Valle. URUGUAY (7). CANELONES (7): Banda Oriental. NO DATA (28). Temporal Distribution. January (36), February (29), March (35), April (15), May (4) September (3), October (14), November (42), December (12).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73966042AFF7FFF51FAD2FEEC.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tomarus bidentulus is distinctive because the apex of clypeus has the teeth distinctly separated (Fig. 4 a); the pronotum has a small, subapical tubercle followed by a small fovea; and the surface on the disc is moderately punctate with the sides and anterior angles densely punctate (Fig. 8 a). Tomarus bidentulus also resembles T. burmeisteri but is easily distinguished by the presence of the pronotal tubercle, which is absent in T. burmeisteri. Life History. Adults are nocturnal and are attracted to lights. This is an infrequently collected species. Adult emergence is during the summer, which is the rainy season in Argentina and Uruguay.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73965042BFF7FFE51FD7EFC6F.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 b, 2 d, 3 b – f, 4 b, 5 b, 6 c – d, 7 b, 8 b, 10 c – d, 11 b, 12 b, 13 b, 14 b, 15 b, 16 b, 18)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73965042BFF7FFE51FD7EFC6F.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Length 10.9 – 13.6 mm; width 5.7 – 7.3 mm. Color light to dark reddish brown. Head: Frons mostly impunctate between eyes and coarsely rugopunctate just behind frontoclypeal carina. Frontoclypeal region with transverse carina slightly separated at middle (Fig. 4 b). Clypeus strongly rugopunctate to transversely rugose, tapering to broad, slightly emarginate apex with 2 reflexed teeth. Mandibles with 2 teeth, apical tooth subacute, subapical notch moderately deep (Fig. 6 c – d); labium densely setose, paraglossa undeveloped, converging to apex (Fig. 7 b); maxilla with galea developed, with 5 teeth. Pronotum: Surface crazed, sparsely punctate; punctures moderately large, umbilicate. Anterior margin with small, median tubercle, fovea absent (Fig. 8 b). Elytra: Surface with micropunctures and large punctures mixed, large punctures moderately dense, ocellate, and in 3 pairs of double rows. First broad interval with or without large punctures. Pygidium: Surface sparsely punctate, punctures becoming denser in basal angles; punctures small to moderate in size, weakly ocellate. In lateral view, surface in males convex, weakly convex in females. Legs: Protibia tridentate, basal tooth slightly removed. Protarsus in male simple, not enlarged. Mesotibia relatively short, transverse carinae with stout, dense spinules (Fig. 10 c – d). Metatibia with 1 basal, transverse carina interrupted at middle and with spine-like setae and 1 medial, transverse carina; apex truncate with about 25 spinules (Fig. 10 d). Venter: Prosternal process tall, thick; apex small, suboval, often with slender, long setae. Mesosternal surface sparsely setose, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface densely punctate, punctures ocellate, setose; setae slender and long. Male Genitalia: Parameres (Fig. 11 b, 12 b, 13 b) subtriangular, rounded apices curving outwards, strong tooth projecting laterally at mid-shaft. Internal sac (Fig. 15 b) lacking copulatory lamellae. Female. Length 12.0 – 13.9 mm; width 7.0 – 7.3 mm. Similar to male, but pronotal disc smooth. Abdominal ventrite VIII entire as in Fig. 1 h. Pygidium slightly concave. Gonocoxite smaller than gonocoxal sternite, lacking a semicircular furrow (Fig. 14 b).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73965042BFF7FFE51FD7EFC6F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tomarus burmeisteri is known from Peru, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay (Endrödi 1985). Locality Records (Fig. 16 b). 535 specimens examined from BCRC, CMNC, FSCA, IADIZA, MACN, MLPA, NMW, UMSP, USNM.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73965042BFF7FFE51FD7EFC6F.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA (517). BUENOS AIRES (143): Algarrobo, Azul, La Plata, Mar del Plata, Capital Federal, Mercedes, Olivos, Quequén-Saladón, San Blas, San Isidro, Hogar Agrícola-San Cayetano, Puán, Seis de Septiembre, Tandil, Villa Iris (30 km SW). CATAMARCA (94): Catamarca-Capital, Guayamba, La Viña. CHACO (6): La Represa de los Indios, Resistencia. CHUBUT (6): Las Chapas, Puerto Madryn. CÓRDOBA (23): Alta Gracia, Alpa Corral, Campamento Balnea-San Javier, Córdoba, Cosquín, Cruz del Eje, Espinillo, Los Olmos, La Carlota, Mar Chiquita, Rió Primera, Santa Maria, Villa de Soto. COR- RIENTES (3): Corrientes-Capital, San Roque, San Tolomé. ENTRE RÍOS (1): Concordia. FORMOSA (1): Clarinda (50 km NW), JUJUY (49): Jujuy-Capital, El Volcán, Ledesma, Parque Nacionla Calilegua, Santa Barabara, Volcán a Tilcara, Yuto. LA PAMPA (12): General Pico, Guatiache, Santa Rosa, Winfredo. LA RIOJA (13): Jaguey, La Rioja-Capital, La Rioja-Paquis, Patiquía, Pozo de Piedra. MENDOZA (36): Cerro Quadral, Chacras de Coria-Luján de Cuyo, Mendoza-Capital, Moliches, Rodeo de la Cruz- Guaymallen, San Martín, Santa Rosa. MISIONES (10): Departamento de Concepción Santa María, Loreto, Posadas, San Pedro. SALTA (31): Cafayate- 1 km Norte, Campo Quijano, El Carril (15 km S), El Corralito, El Naranjo, General Güemes, La Rioja, Rosario de Lerma, Salta-Capital, San Loenzo, San Martín. SAN JUAN (3): Desamparada, San Juan-Capital, Sarmiento. SAN LUIS (15): Arizona, Arizona (13 km S), San Luis-Capital. SANTA FÉ (8): Reconquista, Rosario, San Espiritu, San Javier, Santo Tomé. SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO (16): Río Salado, Robles, Santiago del Estero-Capital. TUCUMÁN (53): Lamadrid-Arboles-Gendarmes Camping, RN 38 - Estación, Estación-Gendarmería, San Pedro de Colalao, Tucumán-Capital. PARAGUAY (1). CAAGUAZÚ (1): Estancia Primera. URUGUAY (17). MALDONADO (4): Punta Bellena. MONTEVIDEO (13): Colón, Montevideo-Capital, Río del Uruguay. Temporal Distribution. January (58), February (151), March (19), April (5), July (5), August (2), October (16), November (37), December (35).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A73965042BFF7FFE51FD7EFC6F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tomarus burmeisteri superficially resembles T. spinipenis because both species are similar in size, color, and lack a pronotal tubercle and fovea. Tomarus burmeisteri can be distinguished by a mentum that lacks slender, long setae at its base (Fig. 7 b); metatibial surface on the external edge rugopunctate; and different parameres (compare Fig. 11 a, 12 a, 13 a and 11 g, 12 g, 13 g). The genital plate of the females is also different (compare Fig. 14 a and 14 g). This species has a broad distribution that is reflected in slight differences in the parameres; compare, for example, the parameres of the Guaymallen (Mendoza, Argentina) population with those from the Argentine provinces of Catamarca, Mendoza and La Pampa (Fig. 18). Tomarus burmeisteri also resembles T. bidentulus but is easily distinguished by the absence of the pronotal tubercle, which is present in T. bidentulus. Life History. Adults are attracted to lights during the southern summer. This species occupies a wide diversity of habitats ranging from dry to wet.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A739640424FF7FFBD1FCDFFA8C.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 c, 2 f, 3 g, 4 c, 5 c, 6 e – f, 7 c, 8 c, 9 a, 10 e – f, 11 c, 12 c, 13 c, 14 c, 15 c, 16 d)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A739640424FF7FFBD1FCDFFA8C.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Length 21.3 – 28.8 mm; width 10.4 – 13.3. Color dark reddish brown to black. Head: Frons and clypeus coarsely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 distinctly transverse tubercles; tubercles narrowly separated, usually about 2.5 tubercle diameters apart (Fig. 4 c). Clypeus strongly rugopunctate to transversely rugose, tapering to slightly emarginate, broad apex with 2 reflexed teeth. Mandibles with 2 teeth, apical tooth subacute, subapical notch moderately deep and narrow (Fig. 6 e – f); labium on lateral edge densely setose, paraglossa developed, apex slightly concave at center (Fig. 7 c); maxilla with galea developed and with 6 teeth (Fig. 5 c). Pronotum: Surface with disc moderately punctate, sides and anterior angles densely punctate to rugopunctate; punctures moderate in size on disc, becoming large laterally; fovea rugose within. Anterior margin with strong, median tubercle; fovea small, subequal to width between eyes (Fig. 8 c). Elytra: Surface densely punctate; punctures mostly moderately in size with sparser, minute punctures between larger punctures; larger punctures usually ocellate and with 3 pairs of double rows. Pygidium: Surface densely punctate, punctures becoming denser in basal and lateral angles; punctures small to moderate in size, weakly ocellate. In lateral view, male with surface convex, females with weakly convex surface. Legs: Protibia tridentate and with weak basal convexity suggestive of 4 th tooth, teeth subequally spaced from each other (Fig. 9 a). Protarsus in males simple, not enlarged. Mesotibia on transverse carinae with long, slender spinules (Fig. 10 e – f). Metatibia with 1 basal, transverse carina interrupted at middle (carina with spine-like setae) and 1 medial, transverse carina, metatibial apex with about 22 spinules (Fig. 10 f). Venter: Prosternal process long, thick, apex longitudinally oval. Mesosternal surface glabrous, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface with sparse, ocellate punctures (Fig. 2 f). Male Genitalia: Parameres (Fig. 11 c, 12 c and 13 c) subtriangular, rounded apices only weakly curving outwards. Internal sac with 5 copulatory lamellae (Fig. 15 c). Female. Length 22.6 – 25.3 mm; width 11.5 – 12.8 mm. Similar to male, but pronotal surface with punctures slightly less dense than those of males. Gonocoxite larger than gonocoxal sternite, with a semicircular furrow (Fig. 14 c).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A739640424FF7FFBD1FCDFFA8C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tomarus gyas occurs from southern Mexico to Argentina (Endrödi 1969 a, 1985; Ratcliffe 2003). It is widely distributed in the lowlands in tropical rain forest in South America. Locality Records (Fig. 16 d). 173 specimens examined from CMNC, FSCA, IADIZA, MACN, MLPA. USNM.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A739640424FF7FFBD1FCDFFA8C.taxon	materials_examined	ARGENTINA (118). BUENOS AIRES (1): Quilmes. CATAMARCA (1): Catamarca-Capital. CHACO (6): Resistencia. CORRIENTES (10): Bella Vista, Corrientes-Capital, Goya. ENTRE RÍOS (5): Concordia, Paraná. FORMOSA (1): Pilcomato. JUJUY (11): Jujuy-Capital, Parque Nacionla Calilegua. LA RIOJA (1): La Rioja. RIÓ NEGRO (1): General Roca. SALTA (52): Campinchuelo, General Güemes, Hypolito Irigoyen, Parque Nacional El Rey, Pocitos, Rosario de Lerma, Salta-Capital, Vespucio. SANTA FÉ (13): Santa fé-Capital, San Tomé. SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO (4): Amigo, Santiago del Estero-Capital, No Data. TUCUMÁN (7): Tucumán-Capital. NO DATA: (5). URUGUAY (55). COLONIA (8): La Floresta- Canelones, Colonia. MALDONADO (40): Maldonado-Capital, Punta Bellena. MONTEVIDEO (7): Banda Oriental, Colón, Montevideo. Temporal Distribution. January (20), February (50), September (1), October (5), November (45), December (10).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A739640424FF7FFBD1FCDFFA8C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tomarus gyas is externally similar to T. roigjunenti. The labial apex in T. gyas is narrowly notched at its center (Fig. 7 c), but in T. roigjunenti the apex is subtruncate and slightly concave (Fig. 7 e). The tubercles on the head of T. gyas are rounded and widely separated from each other (Fig. 4 c), whereas the tubercles of T. roigjunenti are distinctly transverse and less separated from one another (Fig. 4 e). In addition, the fovea of the pronotum in T. gyas is larger (usually as wide as the distance between the eyes, rarely less) than that of T. roigjunenti, which is only slightly indicated. The parameres are different between both species, and this is especially notable at the base on the ventral side (compare Fig. 11 c, 12 c, 13 c and 11 e, 12 e, 13 e). The internal sac of T. gyas has five copulatory lamellae (Fig. 15 c), but in T. roigjunenti there are three copulatory lamellae (Fig. 15 e). Life History. Adults are attracted to lights at night.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396B0425FF7FFAF1FE4CFDCC.taxon	description	(Fig. 3 h, 4 d, 5 d, 6 g – h, 7 d, 8 d, 9 b, 10 g – h, 11 d, 12 d, 13 d, 14 d, 15 d, 16 c)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396B0425FF7FFAF1FE4CFDCC.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Length 22.0 – 26.0 mm; width 11.0 – 12.0 mm. Color dark reddish brown to black. Head: Frons and clypeus coarsely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 distinctly transverse tubercles; tubercles broadly separated, usually about 4 tubercle diameters apart (Fig. 4 d). Clypeus strongly rugopunctate to transversely rugose, tapering to broad apex with 2 nearly contiguous, reflexed teeth. Mandibles with 2 teeth, apical tooth subtruncate or rounded, subapical notch relatively narrow (Fig. 6 g – h); labium with lateral edge densely setose, base setose, paraglossa developed, apex slightly convex at center (Fig. 7 d); maxilla with galea developed and with 6 teeth (Fig. 5 d). Pronotum: Surface with disc moderately punctate, sides and anterior angles densely punctate to rugopunctate; punctures moderate in size on disc, becoming large laterally; fovea rugose within. Anterior margin with small, median tubercle and with small, narrow fovea (narrower than distance between eyes) (Fig. 8 d). Elytra: Surface densely punctate; punctures mostly moderate in size with sparser, minute punctures between larger punctures; larger punctures usually ocellate, and with 3 pairs of double rows. Pygidium: Surface densely punctate, punctures becoming denser in basal and lateral angles; punctures small to moderate in size, weakly ocellate. In lateral view, male with convex surface, females with weakly convex surface. Legs: Protibia tridentate, teeth subequally spaced from each other (Fig. 9 b). Protarsus in male simple, not enlarged. Mesotibia on transverse carinae with long, slender spinules (Fig. 10 g – h). Metatibia with 1 basal, transverse carina interrupted at middle (carina with spine-like setae) and 1 medial, transverse carina; apex truncate with about 21 spinules (Fig. 10 h). Venter: Prosternal process long, thick, apex longitudinally oval. Mesosternal surface glabrous, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface with sparse, ocellate punctures (Fig. 2 f). Male Genitalia: Parameres (Fig. 11 d, 12 d, 13 d) subtriangular, but apical half of shaft parallel, apices blunt. Internal sac with 3 copulatory lamellae (Fig. 15 d). Female. Length 23.1 – 28.2 mm; width: 10.8 – 13.6 mm. Similar to male, but pronotal surface with punctures slightly less dense than in males. Gonocoxite larger than gonocoxal sternite, with a semicircular furrow (Fig. 14 d).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396A0427FF7FFB71FA32FF4C.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 e – f, 4 e, 5 e, 6 i – j, 7 e, 8 e, 10 i – j, 11 e, 12 e, 13 e, 14 e, 15 e, 17 a)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396A0427FF7FFB71FA32FF4C.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male labeled: “ VATRA LAUFQUEN / 14580 M. S. N. M / Neuquén-Arg. / 13 - XI- 69 / Leg. M. Gentili ”, and with our red holotype label [IADIZA]. Allotype female labeled: “ R. A. Neuquén / 5 km. S de Lag. Blanca / 15 / 01 / 2007 / G. San Blas Col. / 39 ° 06´56.1 ´´ S / 70 ° 00´10.1 ´´ W. / 1975 msnm ”, and with our red allotype label [IADIZA]. Paratypes labeled: “ Buenos Aires: Prov. de / Buenos Aires / J. Boso Col. ” (3 males, 1 female) [MLPA]. “ Buenos Aires ” (5 males, 5 females) [MLPA]. “ Chubut: Chubut ” (1 male) [MACN]. “ Mendoza: RA. Mendoza / Uspallata / Enero 1975 / S. Roig ” (1 male) [IADIZA]. “ Mendoza / Tunuyan / I- 1940 ” (1 male) [MLPA]. “ Neuquén: Neuquén / Covunco / 19 - XII- 1963 ” (1 male) [IADIZA]. “ R. A. Neuquén / Barrancas / 5 - 1970 Col. A. Roig / CE 00283 ” (1 female) [IADIZA]. “ Covunco / Neuquén-Arg. / 29 - X- 62 / Leg. M. Gentili ” (1 male) [IADIZA]. “ Neuquén / L. Victoria / Febr. 1958 ” (1 female) [IADIZA]. “ Neuquén / Covunco / 19 - XII- 1963 ” (1 male) [IADIZA]. “ 8 - XII- 1955 / Collón Cura / Pcio. Neuquén / Leg. S. Sochajovskoy ” (2 females) [MLPA]. “ Río Negro: Arg. Río Negro / Gral. Rocas / Cnia. Catriel 311 m / S. Roig / G. Flores / 04 / I / 05 // 37 ° 52´83 ´´ S / 67 ° 50´16 ´´ W ” (3 males, 1 female) [IA- DIZA]. “ REP. ARGENTINA / Río Negro / H. Ritcher ” (7 males, 1 female) [MLPA]. “ III- 5 - 1929 / S. O. / Río Negro ” (1 female) [MACN]. “ Río Negro / Allen ” (1 female) [MACN]. No Data (3 females) [MACN]. “ Col. Breyer ” (1 male) [MACN]. “ REP. ARGENTINA / A. BREYER / Col. Breyer ” (1 male) [MACN]. “ Neuquen / Capital / i. iii. 961 // Argentina / 1968 colln. / J. Daguerre ” (1 male, 1 female) [USNM]. “ 21 - II- 60 / Cipolletti / Prov Río Negro / lg. S. Schajovskoy / Howden coll. ex. / A. Martínez coll. ” (4 males, 2 females) [CMNC, BCRC]. “ 24 - XI- 1955 / Villa Regina / Pcia. Rio-Negro / Lg. E. Fleiss // Howden coll. ex. / A. Martínez coll. // Lgyrus [sic] (T.) / gyas / niger / (Blanch.) / A. MARTÍNEZ-DET. 1990 ” (1 male) [CMNC]. Paratypes each with our yellow paratype label. Description of Holotype. Length 26.8 mm; width 13.0 mm. Color dark reddish brown to black. Head: Frons and clypeus coarsely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 distinctly transverse tubercles; tubercles broadly separated, usually about 3 tubercle diameters apart (Fig. 4 e). Clypeus strongly rugopunctate to transversely rugose, tapering to slightly emarginate, broad apex with 2 reflexed teeth. Mandibles with 2 teeth, apical tooth subacute, subapical notch narrow (Fig. 6 i – j); labium with lateral edge densely setose, paraglossa developed, apex slightly concave at center (Fig. 7 e); maxilla with galea developed and with 6 teeth (Fig. 5 e). Pronotum: Surface on disc moderately punctate, sides and anterior angles densely punctate to rugopunctate; punctures moderate in size on disc, becoming larger laterally; fovea rugose within. Anterior margin with a strong, median tubercle; fovea small, narrower than distance between eyes (Fig. 8 e). Elytra: Surface densely punctate; punctures mostly moderately in size with sparser, minute punctures between larger punctures; larger punctures usually ocellate, some in double rows and with 3 pairs of double rows. Pygidium: Surface densely punctate, punctures becoming denser in basal and lateral angles; punctures small to moderate in size, weakly ocellate; in lateral view with convex surface. Legs: Protibia tridentate and with weak, basal convexity suggestive of 4 th tooth, teeth subequally spaced from each other. Protarsus simple, not enlarged. Mesotibia on transverse carinae with spinules densely (subcontiguous) to broadly (separated by 1 spinule diameter) spaced (Fig. 10 i – j). Metatibia with 1 basal, transverse carina interrupted at middle (carina with spine-like setae) and 1 medial, transverse carina at middle; apex with about 21 spinules (Fig. 10 j). Venter: Prosternal process long, thick, apex longitudinally oval. Mesosternal surface glabrous, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface with sparse, ocellate punctures. Male Genitalia: Parameres (Fig. 11 e, 12 e, 13 e) subtriangular, shaft strongly narrowed to apices, mid-shaft with large, curved tooth extending laterally. Internal sac with 3 copulatory lamellae (Fig. 15 e). Allotype Female. Length 27.5 mm; width 13.9 mm. Similar to male, but pronotal surface with punctures slightly less dense, pygidial surface weakly convex. Gonocoxite larger than gonocoxal sternite, with a semicircular furrow (14 e). Paratypes. Length 26.3 – 27.5 mm; width 12.9 – 13.9 mm. The 32 male and 20 female paratypes do not significantly differ from their respective primary type other than slight differences in size.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396A0427FF7FFB71FA32FF4C.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dr. Sergio Roig-Juñent in recognition of his invaluable entomological research in Argentina.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396A0427FF7FFB71FA32FF4C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Tomarus roigjunenti occurs in the provinces of Mendoza, Neuquén, and Río Negro in Argentina. Locality Records (Fig. 17 a). 52 specimens examined (see type information above). Temporal Distribution. January (7), February (5), March (4), May (1), October (1), November (2), December (3).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396A0427FF7FFB71FA32FF4C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Tomarus roigjunenti is externally similar to T. gyas and T. rosettae. In T. roigjunenti, the apex of the labium is slightly concave (Fig. 7 e), while in T. gyas the labium has a small notch (Fig. 7 c) and in T. rosettae there is a small tooth (Fig. 7 f). The clypeal teeth are distinctly separated in T. rosettae and T. gyas (Fig. 4 c, f) but nearly contiguous in T. roigjunenti (Fig. 4 e). The tubercles on the head are relatively close together in T. maimon, T. rosettae, and T. roigjunenti (Fig. 4 d – f) but widely separated from each other in T. gyas (Fig. 4 c). The pronotal fovea is narrow or nearly obsolete in T. maimon, T. rosettae, and T. roigjunenti (Fig. 8 d – f) but nearly round and usally as wide as the distance between the eyes (rarely less) in T. gyas (Fig. 8 c). The protibia has three teeth in T. maimon (Fig. 9 b) and 4 teeth in T. gyas, T. rosettae, and T. roigjunenti (Fig. 9 a). The parameres are different among the species (compare Fig. 11 c, 12 c, 13 c; 11 d, 12 d, 13 d; 11 e, 12 e, 13 e, and 11 f, 12 f, 13 f). The internal sac of T. maimon, T. roigjunenti and T. rosettae has three copulatory lamellae (Fig. 15 d – f), but in T. gyas there are five lamellae (Fig. 15 c). Life History. Adults are attracted to lights at night. Some specimens have been taken in sand dunes.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A739680427FF7FFEB1FA06FB2C.taxon	description	(Fig. 1 d, 2 a, 3 i, 4 f, 5 f, 6 k – l, 7 f, 8 f, 10 k – l, 11 f, 12 f, 13 f, 14 f, 15 f, 17 b)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A739680427FF7FFEB1FA06FB2C.taxon	description	Redescription. Male. Length 19.4 – 21.5 mm; width 9.4 – 10.8 mm. Color dark reddish brown to black. Head: Frons and clypeus coarsely rugose. Frontoclypeal region with 2 distinctly transverse tubercles; tubercles relatively narrowly separated, usually about 2.5 tubercle diameters apart (Fig. 4 f). Clypeus strongly rugopunctate to transversely rugose, tapering to broad, slightly emarginate apex with 2 reflexed teeth. Mandibles with 2 teeth, apical tooth rounded, subapical notch shallow (Fig. 6 k – l); labium densely setose on sides, paraglossa developed, apex with small tooth at center (Fig. 7 f); maxilla with galea developed and with 6 teeth (Fig. 5 f). Pronotum: Surface with disc moderately punctate, sides and anterior angles densely punctate to rugopunctate; punctures moderate in size on disc, becoming larger laterally; fovea rugose within. Anterior margin with strong, median tubercle; fovea small, as wide as width between eyes (Fig. 8 f). Elytra: Surface densely punctate; punctures moderate in size with sparser, minute punctures between larger punctures; larger punctures usually ocellate, and with 3 pairs of double rows. Pygidium: Surface densely punctate, punctures becoming denser in basal and lateral angles; punctures small to moderate in size, weakly ocellate. In lateral view, male with convex surface, surface weakly convex in females. Legs: Protibia tridentate and with weak, basal convexity suggestive of 4 th tooth, teeth subequally spaced from each other. Protarsus in male simple, not enlarged. Mesotibia relatively broad, transverse carinae arcuate, spinules long, stout (Fig. 10 k – l). Metatibia with 1 basal, transverses carina interrupted at middle (carina with spine-like setae) and 1 medial, transverse carina; apex truncate with about 21 spinules (Fig. 10 l). Venter: Prosternal process long, thick, apex longitudinally oval. Mesosternal surface glabrous, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface with sparse, ocellate punctures. Male Genitalia: Parameres (Fig. 11 f, 12 f, 13 f) subtriangular, acute apices curving outwards. Internal sac with 3 copulatory lamellae (Fig. 15 f). Female. Length 20.0 – 21.6 mm; width 9.8 – 10.0 mm. Similar to male, but pronotal surface with punctures slightly less dense. Gonocoxite larger than gonocoxal sternite, with 2 semicircular furrows (Fig. 14 f).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396F0420FF7FFF51FBBAFD4F.taxon	description	(Figures 19 a – e)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396F0420FF7FFF51FBBAFD4F.taxon	description	Tomarus guianucai was described by Dechambre and Lumaret (1985) from Cassino Beach, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; this locality is adjacent to Uruguay. Examination of the types of both species reveals that they are conspecific, and T. guianucai is here reduced to junior synonymy with T. rubripes. Dechambre and Lumaret made no mention of examining the type of T. rubripes when they described T. guianucai and so did not recognize the similarities between the two.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396F0421FF7FFCB1FB2FFECC.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 b – c, 4 g, 5 g, 6 m – n, 7 g, 8 g, 10 m – n, 11 g, 12 g, 13 g, 14 g, 15 g, 17 c)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396F0421FF7FFCB1FB2FFECC.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype male labeled: “ Chaco / Parque Nacional del Copo / 25 ° 58´21.7 ´´ S; 61 ° 57´31.6 ´´ W. 21 - XII- 2010. F. C. Ocampo, F. Campón, B. Maldonado ” and with our red holotype label [IADIZA]. Allotype female labeled: “ Santiago del Estero. Santiago del Estero / Weisburd / 22. IX. 47 ” and with our red allotype label [MACN]. Paratypes labeled: “ La Rioja. RA. La Rioja 9 Km. S de la Ciudad / 11 Dic 1993 / S. Roig ” (2 males) [IADIZA]. “ R. Arg. San Luis / San Antonio / Diciembre 1974 / S. Roig ” (1 male) [IADIZA]. “ Santiago del Estero. Santiago del Estero / Weisburd / 22. IX. 47 ” (4 ♂) [MACN]. Paratypes each with our yellow paratype label.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396F0421FF7FFCB1FB2FFECC.taxon	description	Description of Holotype. Length 14.7 mm; width 7.8 mm. Color light to dark reddish brown. Head: Frons mostly impunctate between eyes and coarsely rugopunctate just behind frontoclypeal carina. Frontoclypeal region with transverse carina slightly separated at middle (Fig. 4 g). Clypeus strongly rugopunctate to transversely rugose, tapering to slightly emarginate, broad apex with 2 reflexed teeth. Mandibles with 2 teeth, apical tooth bluntly rounded, subapical notch shallow, broad (Fig. 6 m – n); labium densely setose, paraglossa undeveloped, apex convergent (Fig. 7 g); maxilla with galea developed and with 5 teeth (Fig. 5 g). Pronotum: Surface moderately to moderately densely punctate; punctures large, umbilicate. Anterior margin lacking tubercle or fovea (Fig. 8 g). Elytra: Surface with micropunctures and large punctures mixed; large punctures moderately dense, ocellate, and with 3 pairs of double rows. First broad interval with or without large punctures. Pygidium: Surface sparsely punctate, punctures becoming denser in basal angles; punctures small to moderate in size, weakly ocellate; in lateral view with convex surface. Legs: Protibia tridentate, basal tooth slightly removed. Protarsus in male simple, not enlarged. Mesotibia with relatively short transverse carinae (Fig. 10 m – n). Metatibia with 1 basal, transverse carina interrupted at middle (carina with spine-like setae) and 1 medial, transverse carina; apex truncate with about 29 spinules (Fig. 10 n). Venter: Prosternal process tall, thick, apex small and suboval, usually with slender, long setae. Mesosternal surface sparsely setose, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface densely punctate, punctures ocellate, setose; setae slender and long. Male Genitalia: Parameres (Fig. 11 g, 12 g, 13 g) narrowly subtriangular, apices curving outwards and, in caudal view, with small spinules near the apices of each paramere. Internal sac (Fig. 15 g) lacking copulatory lamellae. Allotype. Length 14.1 mm; width 7.6 mm. Similar to male, but pronotal surface on disc smooth; pygidial surface weakly convex. Gonocoxite smaller than gonocoxal sternite and lacking a semicircular furrow (Fig. 14 g). Paratypes. Males. Length 12.9 – 15.5 mm; width 6.0 – 8.2 mm. The seven male paratypes do not differ significantly from the holotype.	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396F0421FF7FFCB1FB2FFECC.taxon	etymology	Etymology. From the Latin spine, indicating a small process, and penis, in reference to the parameres. Used here to refer to the small spinules near the apices of the parameres (Fig 11 g).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396E0421FF7FFC11FCDCF8EC.taxon	description	(Fig. 2 e, 3 j – m, 4 h, 5 h, 6 o – p, 7 h, 8 h, 10 o – p, 11 h, 12 h, 13 h, 14 h, 15 h, 17 d)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396E0421FF7FFC11FCDCF8EC.taxon	description	Redescription: Male. Length 14.9 – 18.4 mm; width 7.8 – 9.9 mm. Color light to dark reddish brown. Head: Frons mostly impunctate between eyes and coarsely rugopunctate just behind frontoclypeal carina. Frontoclypeal region with transverse carina slightly separated at middle (Fig. 4 h). Clypeus strongly rugopunctate to transversely rugose, tapering to slightly emarginate, broad apex with 2 reflexed teeth. Mandibles with 2 teeth, apical tooth subacute, subapical notch broad, deep (Fig. 6 o – p); labium densely setose, paraglossa undeveloped, apex tapering to narrow apex (Fig. 7 h); maxilla with galea developed and with 4 teeth (Fig. 5 h). Pronotum: Surface smooth or with small, sparse punctures except for lateral margins where punctures small to moderate in size and density. Anterior margin with small, median tubercle, fovea absent (Fig. 8 h). Elytra: Surface with micropunctures and large punctures mixed; large punctures moderately dense, ocellate, and with 3 pairs of double rows. First broad interval with or without large punctures. Pygidium: Surface densely punctate, punctures becoming denser in basal and lateral angles; punctures small to moderate in size, weakly ocellate, with minute and tawny setae. In lateral view, male with convex surface, females with weakly convex surface. Legs: Protibia tridentate, basal tooth slightly removed. Protarsus in male simple, not enlarged. Mesotibial transverse carinae vary from short to long, arcuate to nearly straight (Fig. 10 o – p). Metatibia with 1 basal, transverse carina interrupted at middle (carina with spine-like setae) and 1 medial, transverse carina; apex with about 18 spinules (Fig. 10 p). Venter: Prosternal process tall, thick, apex small, suboval, often with slender, long setae. Mesosternal surface sparsely setose, slightly concave at middle. Metasternal surface densely punctate, punctures ocellate, setose; setae slender, long (Fig. 2 e). Male Genitalia: Parameres (Fig. 11 h, 12 h, 13 h) subtriangular, apices curving outwards, mid-shaft with large tooth extending laterally. Internal sac (Fig. 15 h) lacking copulatory lamellae. Female: Length 17.1 – 19.1 mm; width 8.5 – 9.6 mm. Similar to males, but pronotal surface with punctures slightly less dense, and elytra with punctures slightly denser. Gonocoxite smaller than gonocoxal sternite and lacking a semicircular furrow (Fig. 14 h).	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396C043CFF7FFD51FF49FE2F.taxon	description	Metasternum on disc lacking setae. Mandibles with 2 teeth on lateral edge with apical tooth subtruncate and subapical notch relatively shallow and narrow (Fig. 6 e – l). Galea with 6 teeth (Fig. 5 c – f). Paraglossa developed, labrum with apex subtruncate (Fig. 7 c – f). Female gonocoxite with semicircular furrow, gonocoxal sternite smaller than gonocoxite (Fig. 14 c – f) .............. 5	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396C043CFF7FFD51FF49FE2F.taxon	description	Pronotum with small, shallow, subapical fovea; surface on disc moderately punctate with sides and anterior angles densely punctate (Fig. 8 a). Parameres with small tooth on external surface just above mid-shaft, apices rounded and diverging from each other (Fig. 11 a, 12 a, 13 a) ..... ........................................................................................................ T. bidentulus (Fairmaire)	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396C043CFF7FFD51FF49FE2F.taxon	description	Mentum near base with slender, long setae (Fig. 7 g). Parameres relatively short, stout, small tooth on external surface at mid-shaft, apices bluntly subquadrate and with pre-apical, small spinules (Fig. 11 g, 12 g, 13 g) ................... T. spinipenis Neita and Ratcliffe, new species	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
A24087A7396C043CFF7FFD51FF49FE2F.taxon	description	Pronotum with subapical fovea nearly round, usually as wide as distance between eyes, rarely less (Fig. 8 c). Parameres with large, long, recurving tooth on external surface at about midshaft, shaft strongly narrowed to small, rounded apices (Fig. 11 c, 12 c, 13 c) ........................... ........................................................................................................................ T. gyas Erichson — Pronotum with subapical fovea nearly obsolete, longitudinally narrow (Fig. 8 e – f). Parameres with large or small tooth on external surface at mid-shaft, shaft not strongly narrowed to rounded apices (Fig. 11 e, 12 e, 13 e and 11 f, 12 f, 13 f) ................................................................ 7	en	Neita-Moreno, Jhon César, Alexander, Recursos Biológicos, Agustín, San, de, Villa, Leyva, Boyacá, Ratcliffe, Brett C., Collections, Systematics Research, of, University, Museum, Nebraska State, Hall, Nebraska, of, University, Nebraska, Lincoln, Ne, Usa (2017): The genus Tomarus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. Insecta Mundi 2017 (547): 1-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5172580
