taxonID	type	description	language	source
A20087C4FFB1FFB6FF67AB21734164F5.taxon	discussion	Discussion of diagnostic characters. For almost a century, the genus had been traditionally diagnosed by the head shape, the color-pattern of hind femur with the conspicuous dark brown spots, and the absence of flattened setae on dorsum (e. g., Reuter 1878; Wagner 1961, 1975; Linnavuori 1975). As reflected in the name of the genus, virtually all Campylomma spp. have rather distinctive head shape, broadly oval and almost not projecting ventrally below inferior margins of large eyes (Figs. 37, 40), with flat clypeus and without postocular lobe behind eyes. However, a similar head shape occurs in other phylines, including Rhinacloa Reuter, a genus apparently closely related to Campylomma. Schuh (1984) provided a detailed discussion of all characters potentially useful in distinguishing the genus on a worldwide basis. His generic diagnosis was substantially based on the presence of a novel character, viz. subapical row of tiny black spicules on the dorsal surface of hind femur (Figs. 44 – 50). This character had been considered unique for Campylomma until subsequent studies revealed its presence in Rhinacloa (Schuh & Schwartz 1985), Atractotomus (Stonedahl 1995), Pinomiris (Stonedahl & Schwartz 1996), Phoenicocoris, and Kasumiphylus (Schwartz & Stonedahl 2004). Moreover, Malipatil (1992) documented the absence of a row of spicules on hind femur in Campylomma seminigricaput Girault. Other features used for distinguishing of Campylomma are variable within the genus and / or present in some other genera of Phylini. Schuh (1984) documented an extraordinary diversity of parempodia structure assigned by him in four types, and ranging from straight, setiform to flattened and apically convergent. Examination of the available material allows us to conclude that the vast majority of western Palearctic Campylomma species have long setiform parempodia with spatulate apices (Figs. 51 – 53, 56); the same pattern is known for some extrapalearctic species as well (Fig. 55, see also Malipatil 1992). However, parempodia are setiform and apically acuminate in several western Palearctic species, namely in C. acaciae Linnavuori, C. angustulum Reuter, and C. nigrifemur Wagner (Fig. 54). Male genitalia and especially vesica have been extensively used as a primary character to define phyline genera, e. g. Atractotomus (Stonedahl 1990), Plagiognathus (Schuh 2001), Phoenicocoris (Schwartz & Stonedahl 2004), Solenoxyphus (Konstantinov 2008 b), Phaeochiton (Konstantinov 2008 c), Leucodellus (Konstantinov 2012) etc. However, structure of the vesica cannot be viewed as diagnostic of Campylomma either. Most species of this genus have an S-shaped vesica with a subapical secondary gonopore and two apical blades of varying shape and length. However, in some species these blades are strongly reduced or vesica is terminated with a single blade (e. g., C. marmarosum Schuh, C. novohebridensis Schuh, and C. buddlejae Duwal, Yasunaga & Lee; see discussions in Schuh 1984, Duwal et al. 2010). Most Western Palearctic species have a uniform and quite distinctive type of vesica with two small blades tightly adjoined to each other and separated with membranous area from the lateral straps of vesica (Figs. 15 – 24). Still, in four Western Palearctic species, namely C. acaciae Linnavuori, C. angustulum Reuter, C. leptadeniae Linnavuori, and C. nigrifemur Wagner lateral straps of the vesica are directly continued into relatively large apical blades (Figs. 25 – 27). The presence of conspicuous black spots at bases of femoral spines and trichobothria, although typical for Campylomma spp., again is not diagnostic on the worldwide basis for the genus as these spots are missing in a number of species, e. g. C. acaciae Linnavuori and C. nigrifemur Wagner. Furthermore, a similar color pattern on femora occurs in other phyline genera, e. g. Atomoscelis, Badezorus or Camptotylus (see descriptions in Wagner 1975, Linnavuori 1997, Konstantinov 2008 a). Species of the genus Campylomma had long been considered as having exclusively simple setae on dorsum (e. g. Wagner 1975) until Schuh (1984) revealed many oriental species with vestiture composed of a mixture of flattened and simple setae. Our observation shows that all Western Palearctic Campylomma spp. have moderately flattened silvery setae on hemelytron in addition to dark or pale simple setae (Fig. 43). However, the flattened setae are barely recognizable, scarce, easily obliterated and may be entirely missing on hemelytron of a particular specimen. Schuh & Schwartz (1985) recognized and defined two basic types of scale-like setae in phylines, subsequently referred to as type 1 and 2 by Stonedahl (1990): (1) narrow, mesially swollen, moderately flattened and apically acuminate; and (2) broad, strongly flattened, apically broad and serrate. All examined species of Campylomma except C. leptadeniae have type 1 scale-like setae. While there appears to be no single feature unique for Campylomma, the genus still can be distinguished by a combination of characters outlined by Schuh (1984), namely the head shape, the apical blades of vesica usually separated with membranous area from the lateral straps or at least basally surrounded with membrane, and the vestiture of dorsum composed of simple setae intermixed with usually scarce type 1 scale-like setae. The genus is most similar in the head structure, body proportions, and the presence of spicules on hind femur to the New World genus Rhinacloa. However, the latter genus can be distinguished by the presence of strongly flattened, type 2 scales on dorsum, large pulvilli covering almost entire ventral claw surface and slender vesica with single blade. Schuh (1984, see also Schuh & Schwartz 1985) considered Rhinacloa as a putative sister genus of Campylomma but the most recent phylogenetic analysis rendered Badezorus signaticornis Reuter as a sister taxon of Campylomma spp. (Menard et al. 2013). The genus Badezorus currently contains six species which are similar to Campylomma spp. in size, body proportions and color pattern of the hind femur but differing from that genus in the large pulvilli covering almost entire claw surface, smaller eyes, narrow but distinct postocular lobe behind each eye, phallotheca with subapical process, and vesica with secondary gonopore far removed from apex and characteristically long and thin, attenuate apical blade. Schuh (1984) further noted the absence of a row of spicules on the hind femur in Badezorus (B. signaticornis Reuter examined), and we concur with this conclusion after study of four more species from this genus, viz. B. annulicornis Reuter, B. ferdowsii Linnavuori, B. immaculatus Linnavuori, and B. tomentosus Reuter.	en	Konstantinov, Fedor V., Neimorovets, Vladimir V., Korzeev, Andrei I. (2015): The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 203-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.5
A20087C4FFB3FFB1FF67AFAE761C6489.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Holotype of Campylomma celatum: ♂, LIBYA: Cirenaica: Oasis Giarabub, 24 Apr 1965, Eckerlein, (AMNH _ PBI 00183987). Paratypes of Campylomma celatum: same label data as the holotype, 1 ♂ (AMNH _ PBI 00340687), 4 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00340683 – AMNH _ PBI 00340686) (ZMUH). Lectotype of Campylomma viridula: 1 ♀, RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Astrakhan Prov.: Astrakhan, 46.36666 ° N 48.08333 ° E, V. Jakovlev coll. (AMNH _ PBI 00226567) (ZISP). Paralectotypes of Campylomma viridula: RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Astrakhan Prov.: Astrakhan, 46.36666 ° N 48.08333 ° E, V. Jakovlev coll., 14 ♂ (AMNH _ PBI 00226573 – AMNH _ PBI 00226576), 2 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 0 0 226573, AMNH _ PBI 00226572) (ZISP). Additional material examined. AZERBAIJAN: Kurgulu-caj, 41 ° N 46.75 ° E, Balasoglo, 1 ♂ (AMNH _ PBI 00226579) (ZISP). CHINA: Harbin, 45.71666 ° N 126.6 ° E, 19 Jun 1911, Emeljanov, 1 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00226570) (ZISP). KAZAKHSTAN: Almaty Prov.: Lower course of Ili River, 45.08333 ° N 74.08333 ° E, 0 7 Sep 1903, Berg, 1 ♂ (AMNH _ PBI 00226577), 1 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00226569) (ZISP). RUSSIAN FEDERATION: Primorsky Terr.: Andreevka, Troitsa Bay, 42.63333 ° N 131.11666 ° E, 28 Jul 1985, Sinev, 1 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00226571) (ZISP); 0 6 Aug 1985, Sinev, 1 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00226578) (ZISP).	en	Konstantinov, Fedor V., Neimorovets, Vladimir V., Korzeev, Andrei I. (2015): The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 203-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.5
A20087C4FFB3FFB1FF67AFAE761C6489.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Recognized by the sexually dimorphic coloration of antennal segment II: entirely dark brown in male, pale yellow with darkened base in female (Figs. 5, 6); and the shape of relatively long and thin apical blades of the vesica (Figs. 12, 13, 15 – 17), with anterior blade characteristically bent at midpoint (shown with arrow on Fig. 17). Most similar in the coloration of antennae in both sexes, structure of vesica, and body proportions to Campylomma simillimum Jakovlev, 1882 but the latter species differs in having a short posterior blade, only slightly longer than anterior one (Fig. 21). Vesica of C. annulicorne is most similar to that of C. diversicorne Reuter, 1878 (Figs. 18 – 20) but the latter species can be distinguished by the wider and very slightly curved, roughly triangular anterior blade (shown with arrow on Fig. 18), antennal segments I and II entirely dark brown in both sexes (Figs. 8, 9) and smaller sizes with relatively narrow head width and interocular distance (see Table 1).	en	Konstantinov, Fedor V., Neimorovets, Vladimir V., Korzeev, Andrei I. (2015): The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 203-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.5
A20087C4FFB3FFB1FF67AFAE761C6489.taxon	discussion	Discussion. Campylomma annulicorne is a widespread Trans-Palearctic, willow inhabiting species, ranging from Great Britain, France and Spain in the west, eastward to Northern China, Korea, Russian Far East and northern Japan (Kerzhner & Josifov 1999; Yasunaga et al. 2015, in press), and southward to Corsica (Pericart 1965), southern Italy (Reuter 1879), Greece (Rieger 2007), Turkey (Hoberlandt 1956), Iraq (Linnavuori 1993 b), and Iran (Linnavuori 2007). C. annulicorne has been also reported from Egypt (Hoberlandt 1953) but Eckerlein & Wagner (1970) suggested that this record should be referred to C. celatum Wagner, 1969, which was described from several specimens sampled in Giarabub (Libya, close to border with Egypt) and a single male from Raouad (Tunisia). Wagner provided no direct comparisons of C. celatum with congeners, suggested its close affinities to species with darkened first two antennal segments and distinguished his new species by the uniformly black head with pale base of vertex, although he mentioned in the original description that the dark pattern on head is variable and may be entirely absent within the type series. Carapezza (1997) examined the type series of C. celatum as well as additional specimens he collected himself from Tunisia and found that head in these specimens is usually unicolorously yellowish to brownish, only exceptionally black with pale vertex. Carapezza further argued that C. celatum may represent a western race of C. diversicorne but may be distinguished from it by the smaller size, shape of the vesica and the ocular index. We re-examined the holotype and five paratypes of C. celatum retained in the Zoological Museum, University of Hamburg, and largely concur with the conclusions reached by Carapezza (1997). The variation of head ground color within the series sampled by Eckerlein at once is shown on Figs. 1 – 5, and clearly not allowing for species recognition. We also found that examined type specimens have essentially the same vesica structure as in authentically determined material of C. annulicorne from different localities (compare Figs. 15 and 16 – 17). Both species also share similar coloration of the dorsum and hind femur, sizes and ratios including ocular index (see Table 1). Males of both C. annulicorne and C. celatum have dark brown antennal segments I and II, with remaining segments pale yellow (Figs. 5, 7). Female of C. annulicorne typically possesses incomplete dark rings on antennal segment I and more or less darkened base of segment II (Fig. 6), while the coloration of antennal segment II in females from the type series of C. celatum is ranging from dark brown, distinctly paler at middle (Figs. 2, 3) to entirely pale yellow (Fig. 4). It is obviously impossible to separate any isolated group on the grounds of antennal coloration, and dissection of the male genitalia is essential for correct determination of a species. The variability in coloration is well known in other widespread Campylomma species, e. g. C. verbasci (see discussion in Carapezza 1997). On the ground of the foregoing discussion we propose the following synonymy: Campylomma annulicorne Signoret, 1865 = Campylomma celatum Wagner, 1969, new synonymy. Apex of vesica in ventral view: 15 — Campylomma celatum Wagner, 1969; 16, 17 — Campylomma annulicorne (V. Signoret, 1865); 18 – 20 — Campylomma diversicorne Reuter, 1878; 21 — Campylomma simillimum Jakovlev, 1882; 22 — Campylomma oertzenii Reuter, 1888; 23 — Campylomma unicolor Poppius, 1914; 24 — Campylomma ochraceum (Scott, 1872); 25 — Campylomma leptadeniae (Linnavuori, 1975): 26 — Campylomma angustulum Steyskal, 1973; 27 — Campylomma nigrifemur Wagner, 1976.	en	Konstantinov, Fedor V., Neimorovets, Vladimir V., Korzeev, Andrei I. (2015): The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 203-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.5
A20087C4FFB8FFBDFF67A93A747864D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type material examined. Syntype of Plagiognathus fulvus: ♂, FRANCE: Centre: Indre-et-Loire Co.: Tours, 47.38333 ° N 0.68333 ° E, no date provided, coll. A. Puton, (AMNH _ PBI 00340192) (MNHN). Additional material examined. Corse (Corsica): Haute-Corse Co.: N 200 Aléria, 42.11472 ° N 9.51333 ° E, 22 Jun 1995, A. Matocq, 1 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00340980), 2 ♂ (AMNH _ PBI 0 0 340979, AMNH _ PBI 00338374) (ZISP). Languedoc-Roussillon: Pyrénées-Orientales Co.: Tech-Tal bei Elne, 42.6 ° N 2.9666 ° E, 0 5 Aug 1956, E. Wagner, 1 ♂ (AMNH _ PBI 00340495) (ZMUH). Midi-Pyrenees: Tarn Co.: Albi, 8 Jul, Unknown collector, 1 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00340497) (ZMUH); 2 Jul, Unknown collector, 1 ♂ (AMNH _ PBI 00340493) (ZMUH). Pays de la Loire: Loire-Atlantique Co.: Nantes, 47.21666 ° N 1.55 ° W, no date provided, coll. A. Puton, 1 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00340193) (MNHN). ITALY: Toscana: Toscana, 21 Jun 1945, A. Servadei, 1 ♀ (AMNH _ PBI 00340498) (ZMUH). Umbria: Perugia, 43.114 ° N 12.39 ° E, Oct 1953, Mancini, 2 ♂ (AMNH _ PBI 0 0 340494, AMNH _ PBI 00340496) (ZMUH).	en	Konstantinov, Fedor V., Neimorovets, Vladimir V., Korzeev, Andrei I. (2015): The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 203-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.5
A20087C4FFB8FFBDFF67A93A747864D8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Recognized by the uniformly dirty orange coloration (Figs. 33 – 35); comparatively large size, 2.9 – 3.2; darkened antennal segment I and base of segment II in both sexes (Figs. 10, 11), a series of conspicuous round spots on ventral surfaces of all femora, vestiture composed of dense adpressed black simple setae intermixed with moderately flattened scales, and the shape of two apical blades of vesica (Figs. 24, 28, 29). Easily separated from all other Western Palearctic Campylomma spp. by the distinctive coloration. Somewhat similar to C. oertzenii in the shape of subapically widened vesica, (Fig. 22), although relative length of apical blades in these species is different. C. oertzenii further differs from C. ochraceum in the pale olive brown coloration of dorsum and entirely dark brown antennal segment II in both sexes.	en	Konstantinov, Fedor V., Neimorovets, Vladimir V., Korzeev, Andrei I. (2015): The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 203-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.5
A20087C4FFB8FFBDFF67A93A747864D8.taxon	description	Redescription. Male: COLORATION: Ground color of dorsum and venter dirty orange, head, thorax, abdomen, and hemelytron without dark color-pattern; antennal segment I black, with pale base and apex (Figs. 10, 33 – 35); segment II dirty orange to pale brown, with narrowly darkened base; remaining segments pale brown; labium dirty orange with dark brown segment IV; membrane uniformly smoky pale brown, with dirty orange veins; all femora with large subapical bean-shaped or round black spot on anterior margin composed of two confluent spots at bases of subapical spines and with two rows of black round spots along posterior margin; tibiae with large and distinct black spots at bases of tibial spines; thoracic pleura usually slightly darkened, dirty yellow to brown; abdomen somewhat darker than dorsum, dirty yellow to brown, genital segment always darker than pregenital segments. SURFACE AND VESTITURE: Body very finely rugose, shining, dorsum with dense, comparatively short adpressed black simple setae and scarce moderately flattened silvery scales; venter and appendages with pale simple setae; antennal segment I with two black mesial setae; subapical spines on femora conspicuous, black; tibial spines black; dorsal surface of hind femur with a short row of spicules subapically (Fig. 50). STRUCTURE: Body elongate, total length 2.9 – 3.2, body 2.7 – 3.0 × as long as basal width of pronotum. Head: Strongly flattened anteroposteriorly, clypeus not visible from above, eye occupying entire lateral side of head, postocular region of head not developed, vertex 1.5 – 1.7 × as wide as dorsal width one eye; posterior margin of vertex finely carinate and distinctly flattened, smoothly curving between inner angles of eyes and tightly adjoining to anterior margin of pronotum; antennal segment I short, segment II 0.6 – 0.8 × as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.0 – 1.1 × as long as width of head, cylindrical, somewhat incrassate, slightly thinner than segment I, segments III and IV filiform; labium reaching or surpassing middle coxa. Thorax: Pronotum 2.1 – 2.2 × as wide as long, 1.4 – 1.6 × as wide as head, with distinctly rounded anterior angles and weakly convex lateral margins; scent gland of evaporatory area broadly triangular, with large, oval peritreme (as in C. diversicorne, Fig. 42); hind femur swollen; second and third tarsal segments subequal in length; claw rather sharply bent at middle, pulvillus wide, reaching midpoint of claw, parempodium somewhat spatulate apically (Figs. 52, 53). Abdomen: surpassing apex of cuneus but not reaching apex of membrane. GENITALIA: Genital segment about 0.4 × length of abdomen, without distinct ornamentation, slightly longer than wide; right paramere as in Fig. 31, broadly oval; left paramere as in Fig. 32, of typical phyline shape, with comparatively long, slightly and gradually curved apical process and broadly triangular sensory lobe; apex of phallotheca as in Fig. 30; vesica S-shaped, gradually curved, apically with two small hook-shaped blades separated from body of vesica with membranous area; secondary gonopore located pre-apically (Figs 24, 28, 29). Female. COLORATION, SURFACE AND VESTITURE: As in male; thoracic pleura and abdomen brighter than in male, of same color with dorsum. STRUCTURE: Very similar to male in all respects, insignificantly more ovoid, total length 3.0 – 3.2, body 2.7 – 2.8 × as long as basal width of pronotum. Head: vertex wider than in male (Fig. 11), 1.9 – 2.1 × as wide as dorsal width one eye; antennal segment II 0.6 × as long as basal width of pronotum, equal in length to width of head, distinctly thinner than segment I, slightly incrassate at extreme apex. Thorax: Pronotum 2.1 – 2.3 × as wide as long, 1.5 – 1.6 × as wide as head.	en	Konstantinov, Fedor V., Neimorovets, Vladimir V., Korzeev, Andrei I. (2015): The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 203-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.5
A20087C4FFB8FFBDFF67A93A747864D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known from Spain, southern France, Corsica, and Sicily (Wagner 1975; Carapezza 1988; Coffin & Moulet 1989). Hosts. Populus sp., Salix sp. (Salicaceae) (Wagner 1975).	en	Konstantinov, Fedor V., Neimorovets, Vladimir V., Korzeev, Andrei I. (2015): The genus Campylomma Reuter, 1878 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae): two new synonyms and discussion of the diagnosis. Zootaxa 3974 (2): 203-216, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.5
