taxonID	type	description	language	source
54BCE9870FB1572C9B2225CDE723BAF1.taxon	description	Figures 10 D, 13, 14, 15, 16 E, F, 30, 31, 32	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
54BCE9870FB1572C9B2225CDE723BAF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is distinguished from all members of the Notropis stramineus species group, except N. chihuahua, by the following characters: absence of cross-hatched (outlined) scales located on the 2 – 3 scale rows dorsal to the lateral-line canal scale row (vs. present and well developed anteriorly, and present but sometimes poorly developed posteriorly), cleithral streak absent (Devils and Colorado River drainages) or if present greatly reduced (Colorado River drainage, most obvious in males) (vs. present and well developed, most obvious in males), sparse, large melanophores in the rostral region of the head (vs. many small, diffuse melanophores), few, large melanophores laterally in the fronto-occipital region (vs. many small melanophores scattered across cranial region 8), restriction of few, large melanophores to the anterior half of the internarial region (vs. internarial region completely covered in small, diffuse melanophores), a more pronounced “ wedge ” of melanophores at insertion of dorsal procurrent rays, and extent of ossification of the ethmoid region reduced, with much of the ethmoid region remaining cartilaginous (vs. well-ossified), and a broad (vs. thin and tapering) vomer. Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is distinguished from N. chihuahua by smaller, fewer, and less diffuse macromelanophores generally, except in the internarial region, where melanophores are abundant (vs. sparse in N. chihuahua). Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. chihuahua by a continuous edge of medium to small melanophores outlining scales on nape and dorsal body rows (vs. scales on nape and scale rows dorsal to lateral-line scale row irregularly outlined by macromelanophores). Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. topeka and N. procne by the lack of a pronounced lateral stripe, and further distinguished from N. topeka by tubercle size and distribution, being small and distributed across most dorsal and lateral regions of the head (vs. very large and absent from the infraorbital, preopercular, opercular, and subopercular regions). Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. stramineus, N. missuriensis, N. multicorniculatus sp. nov. and N. oblitus sp. nov. by the absence (vs. presence) of a bluish sheen along the lateral body side in life, and cephalic pigmentation concentrated in the lacrimal, suborbital, dorsalmost part of opercular, fronto-occipital, and interorbital regions into clusters of melanophores (vs. cephalic pigmentation present in similarly-sized melanophores scattered evenly across most regions of the head, except ventrally), and rostral cap translucent and devoid of pigment with large clusters of melanophores on the lateral surface of the head, particularly in the lacrimal region (vs. rostral cap and lacrimal region covered in evenly distributed field of small melanophores). It is further distinguished from N. missuriensis and N. multicorniculatus sp. nov. by a larger eye (orbit diameter ca. 30 % of HL vs. 25 – 27 % of HL), and further from N. multicorniculatus sp. nov. by having physically larger pre-dorsal scales (vs. smaller scales, appearing crowded in pre-dorsal scale rows). Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. oblitus sp. nov. by the combination of an absent or weakly developed cleithral streak (vs. well-developed), and the absence of a cross-hatched pattern of melanophores in the two to three scale rows dorsal to lateral-line scale row along the length of the body (vs. presence of the cross-hatched pattern, sometimes weakly developed posteriorly).	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
54BCE9870FB1572C9B2225CDE723BAF1.taxon	description	Description. Body shape and general appearance as in Figures 30 – 32. Morphometric and meristic data are listed in Tables 7. As described for N. stramineus, except for the following. Head deep (ca. 54 % HL), more so in Colorado River drainage. Dorsal profile low, arch from snout to dorsal-fin origin weak. Snout rounded. Tuberculation as described for Notropis oblitus sp. nov. Ethmoid region weakly ossified; vomer broad (Fig. 10 D).	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
54BCE9870FB1572C9B2225CDE723BAF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is distributed in the upper portions of the Colorado River basin of Texas, and in the Rio Grande basin (Fig. 29), where it is distributed in the Devils River (Fig. S 17). Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is presumably also present in Pinto Creek, a tributary of the Rio Grande south of the Devils River, though recent attempts to collect the species there have failed. In Mexico, Notropis lucifer sp. nov. is presumed to be distributed in tributaries to the Rio Grande, including the Rio Salado and Rio San Juan, though genetic material is not available for these populations, making assignment of these populations to this species tentative. The report of N. stramineus sensu lato from the Río Pilón near Montemorelos by Miller et al. (2005: fig. 6.123, image of specimen from UMMZ 210715, not included in distribution map) appears to be based on a misidentification. Collections from the lower Pecos River, including Independence Creek (not evaluated herein), may also belong to this species and deserve further study.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
54BCE9870FB1572C9B2225CDE723BAF1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Lucifer in Latin means light bearer or morning star. This species is so named for the comparatively bright appearance to that of the remaining members of the Notropis stramineus species group. This name also alludes to the Devils River, the type locality of this species, in reference to the connotation of Lucifer as Satan, the Devil, in Jewish and Christian literature. Additionally, the authors hope the recognition of this new species will cast a light upon the conservation risks of this geographic region, experienced by much of the arid regions of southwestern U. S. and adjacent Mexico. A noun in apposition.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
4F861381707E550F883D2873733E064A.taxon	description	Figures 10 C, 13 D – 13, 14, 15, 16 D, 20, 21 B, E, H, 22 B, 23, 24	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
4F861381707E550F883D2873733E064A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Notropis missuriensis is distinguished from all other members of the N. stramineus species group, except N. topeka and N. multicorniculatus sp. nov., by the presence of medium-to-large tubercles across much of the head. It is distinguished from N. topeka by the presence of tubercles across all lateral regions of the head, except posteriormost part of lacrimal and anteriormost part of suborbital regions (vs. presence of tubercles in posteriormost part of lacrimal and anteriormost part of suborbital regions, but lacking in infraorbital, preopercular, opercular, and subopercular regions). It is distinguished from Notropis multicorniculatus sp. nov. by having physically smaller tubercles (a typical rostral tubercle measuring ca. 200 um at base vs. 150 um at base), absence (vs. presence) of tubercles on chest, fewer rows of tubercles on pectoral fins (5 – 6 vs. 8 – 10), a slightly less deep head, with head depth at occiput ca. 49 % HL (vs. ca. 52 %), head depth at orbit ca. 63 % HL (vs. 67 %), 7 – 10 (modally 7) circumpeduncular scale rows (vs. 7 – 9, modally 9), and modally 10 – 13 (modally 12) circumferential scale rows (vs. 11 – 16, modally 13). These scale counts also correspond to a generally larger scale size in N. missuriensis (vs. smaller, more crowded predorsal scales in N. multicorniculatus sp. nov.). Notropis missuriensis is further distinguished from N. chihuahua, N. lucifer sp. nov. and N. oblitus sp. nov. by the presence of the cross-hatching pattern on scale rows ventral to the lateral-line scale row anteriorly, typically along the first five to eight scale rows (vs. cross-hatching pattern absent in scale rows ventral to lateral-line scale row), and cross-hatched pigment along posterior scale margins dorsal to lateral-line scale rows persisting on posterior of body to caudal-fin base (vs. cross-hatch pattern absent or weak posteriorly). It is further distinguished from Notropis oblitus sp. nov. by having a smaller eye (ca. 27 % HL vs. ca. 32 % of HL), and in life an overall greater abundance of dusky pigmentation generally (vs. body mainly silvery in life). It is further distinguished from N. lucifer sp. nov. and N. chihuahua by the presence of a cross-hatching pattern of melanophores two to three scale rows dorsal to the lateral-line scale row along the entire length of the body (vs. absent or very weakly developed along the length of the body), a prominent bluish sheen laterally in life (vs. bluish sheen absent), and yellow to peach pectoral fins and pectoral-fin base in males (vs. pectoral fins transparent, pectoral-fin base silvery or cream in color).	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
4F861381707E550F883D2873733E064A.taxon	description	Description. Body shape and general appearance as in Figures 23 and 24. Morphometric and meristic data are listed in Tables 7. Largest specimen examined 55.1 mm SL. As described for N. stramineus, except for the following. Eye small, body typically robust, anterior dorsal profile arching steeply toward dorsal fin. In males at peak spawning, cephalic tubercles typically small to medium, distributed across all cephalic regions, smallest in opercular region, largest in rostral and subopercular regions, sparse in gular region, and apparently lacking in branchiostegal and chest regions. Pectoral fin tubercles present on rays 1 – 8, sometimes 9.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
4F861381707E550F883D2873733E064A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Notropis missuriensis is distributed throughout the northern Midwest of the U. S. and parts of southern Canada, including in the north-flowing Red River of the North, a part of the Hudson Bay system, and throughout tributaries of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers in the Great Plains. This includes the states Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Wyoming, and the Canadian provinces Manitoba and Saskatchewan. Notropis missuriensis has been taken once from the Mississippi River main stem in Arkansas, but is otherwise not present in the state (Robison and Buchanan 2020; H. Robison, pers comm.). The species may be an occasional drifter, occasionally establishing in tributaries of the Mississippi River, as indicated by the existence of a population in Bear Creek, Tipton County, Tennessee, a short tributary of the Mississippi River.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
2FA03D5179135EDA916809C8C635C834.taxon	description	Figures 10 B, 13 B – 13, 14, 15, 16 B, 21 A, D, G, 22 A, 25, 26	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
2FA03D5179135EDA916809C8C635C834.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Notropis multicorniculatus sp. nov. is distinguished from all other members of the N. stramineus species group, except N. topeka, by the extent of tuberculation in spawning males, with tubercles large, well-developed and typically present across most regions of the head (vs. smaller, typically sparse, inconspicuous and concentrated in a few regions, or at least lacking in the gular region), on pectoral-fin rays 1 – 10 (vs. 1 – 8, sometimes with few sparse tubercles on pectoral-fin ray 9), on which are 8 – 10 rows of tubercles in the densest areas of the fins (vs. typically a maximum of 5 – 6 rows of tubercles on the pectoral fins), and by having tubercles organized in four rows on the surface of the anteriormost pectoral-fin ray (vs. one or two rows). It is distinguished from N. topeka by the presence of tubercles across every lateral region of the head, except the posteriormost part of the lacrimal and anteriormost part of the supraorbital regions (vs. presence of tubercles in those regions, but lacking in the infraorbital, preopercular, opercular, and subopercular regions), and sexual dichromatism limited to a yellow to peach coloration of the pectoral fins and pectoral-fin base (vs. orange to red coloration in nuptial males). It is distinguished from N. procne by the absence (vs. presence) of a dark lateral stripe, a shorter snout (26.3 % SL vs. 29.8 % SL), and a smaller eye (orbit diameter 26.3 % HL vs. 29.3 %). Notropis multicorniculatus sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. oblitus sp. nov. by a smaller orbit, with a diameter that is ca. 26 % of HL (vs. ca. 32 % of HL), a more conical-shaped head, with a snout-to-occiput distance that is ca. 82 % of HL (vs. a more rounded head, and a snout-to- occiput distance that is ca. 88 % of HL), a higher number of circumferential scales (11 – 16, modally 13 vs. 10 – 12, modally 11), and a higher number of circumpeduncular scales (7 – 10; modally 9 vs. 7 – 9, modally 7). Notropis multicorniculatus sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. stramineus by the development of large tubercles (vs. weakly developed tubercles), a smaller eye (orbit diameter ca. 26 % of HL vs. ca. 30 %), a higher number of circumferential scales (11 – 16; modally 13 vs. 9 – 12; modally 11), and a higher number of circumpeduncular scales (7 – 10; modally 9 vs. 6 – 8; modally 7). Notropis multicorniculatus sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. missuriensis by the large size of individual tubercles (vs. tubercles typically small to medium), typically a greater concentration of tubercles in the gular region (vs. tubercles absent or poorly developed in the gular region), presence of tubercles on chest (vs. tubercles absent on the chest), a slightly deeper head (depth at occiput ca. 52 % HL, depth at orbit ca. 67 % HL vs. 49 % and 63 %), 7 – 9 (modally 9) circumpeduncular scale rows (vs. 7 – 10, modally 7), 11 – 16 (modally 13) circumferential scale rows (vs. 10 – 13, modally 12), and predorsal scales relatively small and crowded (vs. predorsal scale rows with large, evenly distributed scales). Notropis multicorniculatus sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. lucifer sp. nov. and N. chihuahua by the presence of well-developed tubercles (vs. small tubercles), the presence of a cross-hatched pattern of melanophores along the posterior margin of the scales on the first two to three scale rows dorsal to the lateral-line scale row (vs. absence), and, in life, body with a bluish sheen and a peachy coloration to the pectoral fins and pectoral-fin base (vs. pectoral-fins hyaline, pectoral-fin base and lateral body sides pale absence of both the bluish sheen and yellow or peach pigmentation to the pectoral fins).	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
2FA03D5179135EDA916809C8C635C834.taxon	description	Description. Body shape and general appearance in Figures 25 and 26. Morphometric and meristic data are listed in Tables 7. Maximum size examined 62.4 mm SL. As described for Notropis stramineus, except for the following. Total number of vertebrae 33 – 35. Dorsal profile strongly arched; body depth greatest at dorsal-fin origin. Head conical, ratio of orbit diameter to HL smallest of N. stramineus species group (ca. 26 % of HL). Tuberculation pronounced; males with medium to large tubercles on head, nape, and pectoral fins (Figs 21, 22 A, D, G). Mature males (presumably collected during peak of spawning activity) with large, well-developed tubercles in most regions of head, except for branchiostegal membranes, posteriormost part of lacrimal, anterior depression of nasal, gular regions; present but most sparse in ventral regions and central part of opercular region. Tubercles concentrated most densely in supraorbital, rostral and preopercular regions. In males at peak spawning, mandibular region with dense scattering of tubercles, some joined, creating short rows (Fig. 21 G). Tubercles on chest sparse, smaller than cephalic tubercles; restricted to anteriormost part of chest. Tubercles on pectoral fins present on rays 1 – 10 in dense rows that number between 2 and 8, with the largest number of rows on anterior-most fin-rays (Fig. 22 A).	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
2FA03D5179135EDA916809C8C635C834.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Notropis multicorniculatus sp. nov. is found in the western portions of the Arkansas, Canadian (Fig. S 15) and Red River systems in parts of Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas, and possibly also Arkansas and Colorado. The species is found in but in all likelihood not native to the Pecos River (New Mexico) (see Remarks).	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
2FA03D5179135EDA916809C8C635C834.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name multicorniculatus is derived from the Latin multus (many) and the diminutive of cornu, (a horn), and therefore meaning many little horns. This is in reference to the many tubercles across the head and body of males of this species at the height of spawning, with tubercles of greater size and number than in the remaining members of the N. stramineus species complex, but smaller than those of many other minnows in which tuberculation is externally quite apparent. Compound noun.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
EE7B231E38815BDABD485C4D70518C9B.taxon	description	Figures 13 C – 13, 14, 15, 16 C, 27, 28	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
EE7B231E38815BDABD485C4D70518C9B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Notropis oblitus sp. nov. is distinguished from all other members of the N. stramineus species group, except N. stramineus, by a relatively large eye (orbit diameter ca. 32 % of HL vs. 26 – 29 % HL) in combination with a low, rounded head (vs. a relatively steeply sloped head). It is further distinguished from N. stramineus by possessing fewer vertebrae (35 vs. 36 – 37), and from N. stramineus, N. multicorniculatus sp. nov. and N. missuriensis by a reduction in body pigmentation, with pigment on posterior half of body dorsal to lateral-line scale row reduced, cross-hatch pattern on scales sometimes absent posteriorly (vs. consistently pigmented posteriorly), as well as a lack of pigment ventral to the lateral-line scale row anteriorly, aside from cleithral streak (vs. first few scale rows with cross-hatch pattern ventral to lateral-line scale row in addition to cleithral streak). Notropis oblitus sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. lucifer sp. nov. by the presence of a typically well-developed cleithral streak (vs. cleithral streak absent or very weakly developed), the presence of pigmentation arranged in a cross-hatch pattern in all scale rows dorsal to lateral line (rarely reduced posteriorly) (vs. absent or reduced to sparse pigmentation on 2 – 3 scale rows dorsal to lateral-line scale row, including anteriorly), by cephalic pigmentation present in similarly-sized melanophores scattered evenly across most regions of the head (vs. restricted in distribution and consisting of a few clusters of melanophores), and by the presence of a peach-yellow pigmentation on the pectoral fins and pectoral-fin base in live males (vs. pectoral fins hyaline, and pectoral-fin base silvery or cream colored in life). Notropis oblitus sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. topeka and N. procne by the absence (vs. presence) of a dark lateral stripe along body side, from N. topeka and N. multicorniculatus sp. nov. by the presence of minute tubercles in reproductively active males (vs. large tubercles in reproductively active males), and further from N. topeka by an approximately even distribution of tubercles across the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the head (vs. densest in dorsal regions, largely absent from the lateral infraorbital, preopercular, opercular, and subopercular regions), and by a larger eye (orbit diameter 32.3 % HL vs. 26.3 % HL). Notropis oblitus sp. nov. is further distinguished from N. chihuahua by the presence of small, evenly distributed melanophores on all regions of the dorsal surface of the head (vs. melanophores restricted to fronto-occipital region, interorbital region, and in internarial, nasal, and rostral region present as irregularly scattered macromelanophores), as well as the presence of cross-hatching on scale rows dorsal to the lateral-line scale row anteriorly (vs. restricted to two to three scale rows ventral to dorsal midline anteriorly).	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
EE7B231E38815BDABD485C4D70518C9B.taxon	description	Description. Body shape and general appearance as in Figures 27 and 28. Morphometric and meristic data are listed in Tables 7. As described for N. stramineus, except for the following. Eye very large, head low and round with rounded, blunt snout. Cephalic tuberculation weakly developed, inconspicuous and not visible without magnification, with small conical tubercles distributed sparsely across regions of head. Tubercles most densely concentrated in lacrimal, orbital, and preopercular regions, with tubercles scattered sparsely across internarial and fronto-occipital regions. Tubercles absent from rostral, opercular and subopercular regions, and in all ventral regions of head. Pectoral-fin tuberculation well developed, with four-five rows of large conical tubercles developed along pectoral-fin rays 1 – 7, and 1 – 2 rows of tubercles present on anteriormost margin of first pectoral-fin ray.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
EE7B231E38815BDABD485C4D70518C9B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Notropis oblitus sp. nov. is distributed throughout several independent Gulf Slope streams in Texas, including the upper reaches of Nueces, San Antonio, and Guadalupe River basins (Fig. 29) in the Edwards Plateau ecoregion. It appears to be absent from the Colorado River basin.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
EE7B231E38815BDABD485C4D70518C9B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name oblitus, forgotten, is the perfect participle of the Latin verb “ obliterare ”, to forget. The name alludes to Carl Hubbs’ recognition of the distinctiveness of southern populations of the sand shiner in the form of a third subspecies of Notropis deliciosa (Girard) 1856 (= Notropis stramineus), and the subsequent incidental loss of this recognition by other NA ichthyologists; oblitus, the perfect participle of the verb obliterare, also means “ smeared ” or “ blurred ”, a reference to the possible hybrid nature of the external morphological features with that of N. lucifer sp. nov. collected in the Colorado River basin of Texas. An adjective.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
F0BB1C41F6EB5B98B485C907478D769C.taxon	description	Figures 1, 10 A, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 A	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
F0BB1C41F6EB5B98B485C907478D769C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Notropis stramineus is distinguished from all other members of the N. stramineus species group, except N. lucifer sp. nov., by a higher number of vertebrae (36 – 37 vs. 33 – 36). Notropis stramineus is distinguished from N. lucifer sp. nov. by a diffuse and even scattering of small melanophores on the head (vs. few, large melanophore clusters), a cross-hatching pattern of melanophores on scales in rows dorsal to the lateral-line scale row (vs. scales in rows dorsal to the lateral line scale row without cross-hatching pattern of melanophores), the presence of a well-developed cleithral stripe (vs. absent or weakly developed), a higher number of lateral-line scales (31 – 39, modally 36, vs 30 – 38, modally 31), and in life a lateral bluish sheen and yellow to peachy coloration of the pectoral fin and pectoral-fin base (vs. in life, body primarily silvery, pectoral fin hyaline). Notropis stramineus is distinguished from N. topeka and N. procne by the extent of lateral pigment, existing as a series of “ train track ” markings along the lateral line, surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly by a sparse field of melanophores not reaching beyond two to three scale rows above and below lateral line scale row (vs. a dense, dark lateral stripe of melanophores that extends along the side of body, from snout to base of caudal fin). Notropis stramineus is further distinguished from N. topeka and N. multicorniculatus sp. nov. by the size of tubercles, with many very minute tubercles scattered across most regions of the head, the largest of these concentrated in the subopercular region (vs. fewer, large tubercles, uniform in size in all regions in which present), and further distinguished from N. topeka by tubercle distribution, with tubercles distributed across most regions of the head without clear patterns (vs. tubercles present in only a few regions, namely the rostral, lacrimal, supraorbital, internarial, interorbital, and fronto-occipital regions), and extent of nuptial coloration, with pectoral fins obtaining a yellow, peachy color in spawning males (vs. intense red and orange coloration in spawning males). Notropis stramineus can be further distinguished from N. chihuahua by the absence (vs. presence) of macromelanophores on the lateral surface of the body and head, a cross-hatching pattern on scales reaching to the lateral-line scale row and below anteriorly (vs. cross-hatching pattern restricted to three to four dorsalmost rows of scales anteriorly, and one to two dorsalmost rows of scales posteriorly). Notropis stramineus is most similar in superficial appearance to N. missuriensis and N. multicorniculatus sp. nov., particularly in pigmentation in life and in preservation, but can be distinguished from N. missuriensis and N. multicorniculatus sp. nov. most readily by aspects of tuberculation, with tubercles weakly developed in N. stramineus and inconspicuous to the eye (vs. more well-developed and obvious to the naked eye in nuptial males), and a larger eye, occupying much of the head (orbit diameter 24.5 – 36.8 HL vs. 23.5 – 31.2 in N. missuriensis, 19.6 – 30.6 in N. multicorniculatus sp. nov.). Notropis stramineus is distinguished from Notropis oblitus sp. nov. by a generally greater abundance and concentration of brown and black pigmentation in rows dorsal to the lateral-line scale row in life (vs. scales in rows dorsal to lateral-line scale row with sparse scattering of dark brown pigment), the more pronounced presence of the cross-hatching pattern on the dorsal scale rows in the posterior half of the body in life and in preservation (vs. weakly developed cross-hatching pattern on the posterior half of the body in life and in preservation), as well as a prominent blue-to-purple lateral sheen in life (vs. the reduction or absence of this blue-to-purple sheen on the body side in life).	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
F0BB1C41F6EB5B98B485C907478D769C.taxon	description	Description. Body shape and general appearance as in Figures 1, 11, 17 and 12, 13 A – 16 A. Lateral side of cranium rendered from CT scan shown in Figure 18. Hyopalatine arch, opercular bones, and infraorbital series shown in Figure 19. Morphometric and meristic data are listed in Tables 7. Small-bodied leuciscid fish; maximum size examined 64.5 mm SL. Body slightly compressed, elongate and slender, fusiform with gently sloping anterior profile, snout to dorsal fin insertion sloping more steeply than from dorsal fin to caudal fin. Head triangular / wedge-shaped to rounded, snout slightly rounded to sharp. Ventral profile convex anterior to pelvic-fin origin, and slightly concave from origin of pelvic fin to caudal-fin base. Body depth greatest at point slightly anterior to dorsal-fin insertion, approximately two-thirds distance between pectoral-fin base and anterior point of pelvic-fin insertion, and narrowest at caudal peduncle slightly anterior to insertion of procurrent caudal-fin rays. Eye large with anteriorly pointing pupil. Mouth gently sloped, subterminal with thin lips. Imaginary horizontal line through anteriormost point of upper jaw passes through lower third of orbit. Posteriormost point of jaw only reaches anterior margin of orbit. Nostrils slightly closer to rounded tip of snout than anterior margin of the eye. Anterior nostril small and elliptical; posterior nostril large and rounded to weakly elliptical in dorsal view. Gill membranes joined at isthmus. Pharyngeal teeth 4 – 4. Dorsal- and anal-fin rays iii. 7. Principal caudal fin rays 10 + 9. Dorsal procurrent caudal-fin rays 8 (1), 9 (1), 10 (2), or 11 (1). Ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays 8 (2) or 9 (3). Pectoral-fin rays i. 11. ii (4) or i. 12. ii (1). Pelvic-fin rays i. 6. i. Dorsal fin short and rounded, slightly convex at posterior margin. Anal fin rounded with a slightly convex posterior margin. Anal-fin origin posterior to posteriormost insertion of dorsal fin. Insertion of pelvic fin slightly anterior to insertion of dorsal fin. Caudal fin forked, lobes slender, with ventralmost margin of upper lobe and dorsalmost margin of lower lobe weakly convex, approximately of equal length. Scales cycloid. Lateral line complete, perforating 31 (1), 33 (1), 34 (10), 35 (6), 36 (22), 37 (5), 38 (4) or 39 (1) scales, plus 0 (1), 1 (27) or 2 (22) on base of caudal fin. Scales in predorsal scale row 13 (9), 14 (24), 15 (8), 16 (5) or 17 (4). Circumferential scale rows 9 (4), 10 (6), 11 (22), or 12 (18), including 5 (9), 6 (39) or 7 (2) above the lateral line, and 3 (1), 4 (38), or 5 (11) below. Circumpeduncular scale rows 6 (1), 7 (44), or 8 (5). Scales absent on chest from posterior insertion of pectoral fins anteriorly. Total vertebrae 36 (3) or 37 (3), with either 18 (3) or 19 (3) abdominal vertebrae and 17 (1), 18 (4) or 19 (1) caudal vertebrae. Insertion of first dorsal-fin pterygiophore between neural spines of vertebrae 10 / 12 (1), 11 / 12 (1), 12 / 13 (4) (modally 12 / 13). Insertion of first anal-fin pterygiophore between hemal spines of vertebrae 18 / 19 (4) or 19 / 20 (2). Ribs 14 (3) or 15 (3). Infraorbital series comprising four or five bones (IO 1 – 5) (Figs 18, 19). IO 1 (lacrimal) a large plate-like bone with concave posterior margin. IO 2 long, tapering toward posterior half (in CT images, divided into two ossifications; Fig. 18). IO 3, approximately twice as long as IO 2, narrowest anteriorly, broader posteriorly. IO 4 large and plate-like, approximately half the size of lacrimal. IO 5, when present, consists nearly entirely of canal ossification, with a small flange of dermal bone projecting anteriorly from shaft of canal. Cephalic lateral-line system comprising the following sensory canals and externally visible pores: infraorbital canal 10 (2), 11 (1) or 12 (1); supraorbital canal 7 (2), 8 (1) or 10 (1); preoperculo-mandibular canal 9 (2), 10 (1), or 12 (1). with 4 (3) or 5 (1) in mandibular portion and 5 (2), 6 (1) or 7 (1) in preopercular portion; otic 3 (3) or 4 (4); temporal 2 (3) or 4 (1). Canals of cephalic lateral-line system commonly exhibit asymmetry. Cephalic tubercles typically small to medium, not well developed or conspicuous, present in rostral region, sparse in interorbital region, present around outer margin of fronto-occipital region only, present in anterior part of lacrimal and supraorbital regions and throughout lateral portion of preopercular and interorbital regions. Tubercles absent from ventral regions, i. e., gular, interopercular, mandibular, branchiostegal membrane, chest, and ventral portion of preopercular regions. Males at peak of spawning activity may develop several larger tubercles in anterior part of supraorbital region. Minute cephalic tubercles present on nape, disorganized, scattered haphazardly across scales. Cephalic tubercles with wide base, recessed into a ring, with small conical tip projecting upward, small, height not extending far beyond epidermis. Pectoral-fin ray tubercles conical, small and slightly recurved, comparatively more well-developed than cephalic tubercles, and present on anteriormost pectoral-fin rays 1 – 8, arranged in 5 – 6 (sometimes more in very large males) slightly irregular rows, decreasing incrementally to one row moving distally to proximally. Tubercles on first ray typically restricted to center of ray (not developed on distal or proximal thirds of fin ray, except occasionally in very large males at peak of spawning activity), in one or two rows (sometimes as many as four in large males). Body tuberculation weakly developed, with tubercles arranged on posterior margin of scales dorsal to and including lateral line scale row, tubercles generally not developed on scales beyond point of dorsal fin insertion.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
F0BB1C41F6EB5B98B485C907478D769C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Notropis stramineus sensu stricto is widely distributed through the northeast of North America, west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River mainstem, throughout the Great Lakes, Ohio, upper Illinois (though populations in the Illinois River are possibly non-native; see Discussion section “ Membership and relationships of the Notropis stramineus species group – Notropis stramineus sensu stricto. ”), Tennessee and Cumberland River drainages. Notropis stramineus is absent from the Atlantic Slope, except for the St. Lawrence River drainage. This distribution includes Canada (the provinces Ontario and Quebec), as well as the U. S. states Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, West Virginia and Wisconsin. Abundant in shallow, silty streams, but also abundant in deeper, slower moving water (e. g., widenings of the Huron River, MI; Fig. S 14). Present, but not abundant, at the type locality (Grosse Ile, MI) as the shoreline has been heavily modified and canalized.	en	Pinion, Amanda K., Kim, Daemin, Dolan, Elizabeth P., Portnoy, David S., Voelker, Gary, Conway, Kevin W. (2025): ? Revision of Notropis stramineus (Cope, 1865), descriptions of three new species and comments on the monophyly of Miniellus Jordan, 1882 (Pisces: Cypriniformes: Leuciscidae). Vertebrate Zoology 75: 699-755, DOI: 10.3897/vz.75.e156077
