identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A7590967B921FFB6FE0AFB02FC91E314.text	A7590967B921FFB6FE0AFB02FC91E314.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empicoris Wolff 1811	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empicoris Wolff, 1811</p>
            <p> Type species.  Gerris vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 , by monotypy. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7590967B921FFB6FE0AFB02FC91E314	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, María Cecilia;Faúndez, Eduardo Iván;Ilpla;Conicet;Unlp;Cebc	Melo, María Cecilia, Faúndez, Eduardo Iván, Ilpla, Conicet, Unlp, Cebc (2011): Synopsis of the genus Empicoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Chile. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 51 (1): 11-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5327122
A7590967B921FFB5FE4BFA80FDD1E532.text	A7590967B921FFB5FE4BFA80FDD1E532.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empicoris errabundus (Say 1832)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empicoris errabundus (Say, 1832)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 2, 5)</p>
            <p> Ploiaria errabunda Say, 1832: 34 . USA.  Ploiariola errabunda: VAN DUZEE (1916: 27) .  Ploiariodes errabunda: MCATEE &amp; MALLOCH (1922: 95) .  Empicoris errabundus: MCATEE &amp; MALLOCH (1925: 24) ; WYGODZINSKY (1949: 27); WYGODZINSKY (1966: 373); </p>
            <p> MALDONADO CAPRILES (1990: 148); GIL- SANTANA et al. (2005: 140).  Ploiariodes tuberculata Banks, 1909: 46 . </p>
            <p> Ploiariola tuberculata: VAN DUZEE (1916: 27) . </p>
            <p> Empicoris reticulatus McAtee &amp; Malloch, 1925: 20 . </p>
            <p> Empicoris orthoneuron McAtee &amp; Malloch, 1925: 18 . </p>
            <p> Empicoris orthoneuron: WYGODZINSKY (1949: 27) ; WYGODZINSKY (1966: 381–382); MALDONADO CAPRILES (1990: 149); GIL- SANTANA et al. (2005: 140). </p>
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                 Material examined.   CHILE: MAULE REGION: 1 spec. without abdomen, Curicó: Cerro Huela – Huelan,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.1/lat -35.05)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.05">Zapallar</a>
                 [35º03′S 71º06′W], i.1998, Malaise trap, Barriga leg. (MACN)  ;   1 J,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.1/lat -35.05)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-35.05">Zapallar</a>
                 , 15 km E Curicó [35º03′S 71º06′W], Malaise trap, ii.1998, Barriga leg. (MACN)  . 
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            <p>Distribution. This species is known from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Guatemala, Jamaica, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and southern and western USA (WYGODZINSKY 1966, MALDONADO CAPRILES 1990); herein we record it from Chile for the first time.</p>
            <p> Remarks. WYGODZINSKY (1966) noted that this species showed an extraordinary wide range of variation, so that the study of isolated extreme specimens would have suggested the presence of different taxa. GIL- SANTANA et al. (2005) observed in one population of  Empicoris from Brazil specimens with alternated combinations of features of both  E. orthoneuron and  E. errabundus species. This made them conclude that the diagnostic characters to separate these species were actually variable and therefore both species are synonyms. After the examination of numerous individuals that are intermediate in various aspects we also believe that there is only one very variable species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7590967B921FFB5FE4BFA80FDD1E532	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, María Cecilia;Faúndez, Eduardo Iván;Ilpla;Conicet;Unlp;Cebc	Melo, María Cecilia, Faúndez, Eduardo Iván, Ilpla, Conicet, Unlp, Cebc (2011): Synopsis of the genus Empicoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Chile. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 51 (1): 11-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5327122
A7590967B922FFB4FE56FCF7FCD5E4FF.text	A7590967B922FFB4FE56FCF7FCD5E4FF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empicoris rubromaculatus (Blackburn 1889)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empicoris rubromaculatus (Blackburn, 1889)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 3–4)</p>
            <p> Ploiariodes rubromaculatus Blackburn, 1889: 349 . Hawaii: Mauna Loa. </p>
            <p> Ploiariola vitticollis Horváth, 1914: 88 . </p>
            <p> Empicoris rubromaculatus: MCATEE &amp; MALLOCH (1925: 16) ; WYGODZINSKY (1966: 383); MONTERO &amp; CHAVARRIA (1969: 179); MALDONADO CAPRILES (1990: 150); PUTSHKOV &amp; PUTSHKOV (1996: 167); PUTSHKOV et al. (1999: 61); GIL- SANTANA et al. (2005: 137); FORERO (2006: 14); PRADO (2008):38; ISHIKAWA (2008:15); PUTSHKOV &amp; MOULET (2010: 189); TATARNIC et al. (2011: 23). </p>
            <p> Ploiariola rubromaculata : CHINA (1938: 22). </p>
            <p> Empicoris rubromaculatus obsoletus McAtee &amp; Malloch, 1925: 132 . </p>
            <p> Ploiariodes euryale Kirkaldy, 1908: 372 . </p>
            <p> Ploiariodes californica Banks, 1909: 46 . </p>
            <p> Ploiariola sagax Horváth, 1914: 642 . </p>
            <p> Ploiariola froggatti Horváth, 1914: 643 . </p>
            <p> Ploiariola scotti Distant, 1913: 163 . </p>
            <p> Empicoris tingitanus Dispons, 1955: 174 . </p>
            <p> Empicorella tingitana: DISPONS &amp; STICHEL (1959: 97) . </p>
            <p> Empicoris microcephalus Villiers, 1960: 28 . </p>
            <p> Empicorella barcinonis Dispons, 1965: 53 . </p>
            <p> Empicorella barcinonis balearicus Dispons, 1965: 55 . </p>
            <p> Material examined. CHILE: MAULE REGION: 1 J 2 ♀♀ 1 L?, Curicó: 20 km E Potrero Grande, Fundo El Coihue, 23.v.2004, J. E. Barriga leg., fogging s/  Podocarpus saligna, 1035 m a.s.l. (MACN); 2 JJ 1 ♀, 1 spec. without abdomen, same data, 25.v.2004 (MACN); 1 ♀, 5 km E Potrero Grande, camino al Relvo, 29.xii.2003, fogging s/  N. dombeyi [35º12′21.7″S 70º57′45.6″W], J. E. Barriga leg. (MACN); 1 ♀ 1 spec. without abdomen, El Relvo, 20 km E Potrero Grande, 3.ii.2004, J. E. Barriga leg., 35º11′13″S – 70º56′7″E, fogging s/  Nothofagus dombeyi (MACN) ; 6 JJ 4 ♀♀, 3 L?, El Relvo, 20 km E Potrero Grande, 1100 m a.s.l. [35º11′13″S 70º56′7″W], fogging s/  Nothofagus dombeyi , 3.v.2004, J. E. Barriga leg. (MACN); 6 JJ 4 ♀♀ 5 L?, same data, 24.v.2004 (MACN); 1 J, same data, 24.i.2004 (MACN); 1 ♀, same data, 16.i.2004, fogging s/  N. dombeyi ,  C. hystrix ,  Chusquea culeau and retamo (MACN); 1 J 1 L?, same data, 14.i.2004, fogging s/  Lomatia dentata ,  Nothofagus obliqua (MACN) ; 1 J, 20 km E Potrero Grande, El Relvo, 8.ii.2004, fogging s/  Nothofagus dombeyi [35º11.13′S 79º56.7′W], J. E. Barriga leg. (MACN); 2♀♀, Cerro Huela – Huelan, 10 km E Curicó, iii.1998, Malaise trap, Barriga leg. (MACN); 3♀♀, Potrero Grande [35º11′S 71°05′W], 10.ix.1997, J. E. Barriga leg. (MACN). </p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has a Pantropical distribution, although it has also entered subtropical and tempered regions (PUTSHKOV et al. 1999). In America it has been recorded from Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Cuba, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Uruguay, Venezuela, and the USA, and it is known also from Hawaiian Island (MCATEE &amp; MALLOCH 1925, WYGODZINSKY 1966, PUTSHKOV &amp; PUTSHKOV 1996, FORERO 2006).</p>
            <p> In Chile,  E. rubromaculatus was recorded from the oceanic Juan Fernandez Islands by BERGROTH (1923) and WYGODZINSKY (1952, 1966). PRADO (2008), following WYGODZINSKY (1966), recorded it from continental Chile without more exact data on it. MONTERO &amp; CHAVAR- RIA (1969) recorded this species from arboreal flora in central Chile, without more exact data, and later PUTSHKOV et al. (1999) recorded it from Rancagua (Libertador General O’Higgins Region). Herein we provide additional records from continental Chile. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7590967B922FFB4FE56FCF7FCD5E4FF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, María Cecilia;Faúndez, Eduardo Iván;Ilpla;Conicet;Unlp;Cebc	Melo, María Cecilia, Faúndez, Eduardo Iván, Ilpla, Conicet, Unlp, Cebc (2011): Synopsis of the genus Empicoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Chile. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 51 (1): 11-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5327122
A7590967B923FFB4FE57FCAAFE18E3F3.text	A7590967B923FFB4FE57FCAAFE18E3F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empicoris culiciformis (De Geer 1773)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empicoris culiciformis (De Geer, 1773)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 6)</p>
            <p> Cimex culiciformis De Geer, 1773: 223 . France. </p>
            <p> Ploiaria culiciformis: BAERENSPRUNG (1860: 21) . </p>
            <p> Ploiariola culiciformis: REUTER (1888: 713) . </p>
            <p> Ploiariodes culiciformis: MCATEE &amp; MALLOCH (1922: 95) . </p>
            <p> Empicoris culiciformis: MCATEE &amp; MALLOCH (1925: 23) ; WYGODZINSKY (1966: 371); MALDONADO CAPRILES (1990: 147); PUTSHKOV &amp; PUTSHKOV (1996: 166); PUTSHKOV et al. (1999: 9); PRADO (2008: 38); PUTSHKOV &amp; MOULET (2010: 158). </p>
            <p> Ploiaria alata Scopoli, 1786: 51. </p>
            <p> Gerris erraticus Fallén, 1807: 117 . </p>
            <p> Ploiaria erratica : HERRICH- SCHAEFFER (1835: 62). </p>
            <p> Ploiaria maculata Haldeman, 1847: 151 . </p>
            <p> Ploiariola errabunda (misidentification): BANKS (1909: 46). </p>
            <p> Ploiaria culiciformis var. noualhieri Puton, 1887: 101 . </p>
            <p> Empicoris culiciformis var. noualhieri: DISPONS &amp; STICHEL (1959: 96) . </p>
            <p> Empicoris thermalis Dispons, 1958: 84 . </p>
            <p> Empicoris culiciformis italicus Tamanini, 1962: 247 . </p>
            <p>Distribution. This species shows a cosmopolitan distribution; it is widely distributed in Europe, northern Africa, eastern and middle Asia (WYGODZINSKY 1966, MALDONADO CAPRILES 1990, PUTSHKOV &amp; PUTSHKOV 1996, PUTSHKOV et al. 1999). It is quite common in North America (MCATEE &amp; MALLOCH 1925), but in South America it was reported only from Argentina and ‘Chile’ in general without an exact locality for several times (WYGODZINSKY 1966, MALDO- NADO CAPRILES 1990, PRADO 2008). According to WYGODZINSKY (1966), it has been probably dispersed worldwide by man.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7590967B923FFB4FE57FCAAFE18E3F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, María Cecilia;Faúndez, Eduardo Iván;Ilpla;Conicet;Unlp;Cebc	Melo, María Cecilia, Faúndez, Eduardo Iván, Ilpla, Conicet, Unlp, Cebc (2011): Synopsis of the genus Empicoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Chile. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 51 (1): 11-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5327122
A7590967B925FFB1FEAFFC20FCBAE446.text	A7590967B925FFB1FEAFFC20FCBAE446.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empicoris vagabundus (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Empicoris vagabundus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>(Figs. 1, 7)</p>
            <p> Cimex vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758: 450 . Type locality unknown. </p>
            <p> Gerris vagabundus: FABRICIUS (1794: 192) . </p>
            <p> Ploiaria vagabundus: LATREILLE (1802: 249) . </p>
            <p> [  Empicoris ]  vagabundus: WOLFF (1811: 5) . </p>
            <p> Ploiariola vagabunda: REUTER (1888: 711) . </p>
            <p> Empicoris vagabundus: WYGODZINSKY (1966: 385) ; MALDONADO CAPRILES (1990:151); PUTSHKOV &amp; PUTSHKOV (1996: 169); PUTSHKOV et al. (1999: 57); PUTSHKOV &amp; MOULET (2010: 183). </p>
            <p> Empicoris vagabundus var. vagabundus: MCATEE &amp; MALLOCH (1923: 163) . </p>
            <p> Cimex squalidus Gmelin, 1788: 683 . </p>
            <p> Ploearia erratica: SAHLBERG (1848: 149) . </p>
            <p> Pioiariola canadensis Parshley, 1919: 25 . </p>
            <p> Material examined. CHILE: METROPOLITAN REGION: 1 J 2 ♀♀, Cajón del Maipo [33º40′S 70′30W], 4.ii.2005, A. Martinez leg. (EIFC). MAULE REGION: 1 J, Altos de Vilches [35º30′S 71º10′W], 10.ii.2003, D. Fernández leg. (EIFC); 4 ♀♀, Curicó, El Relvo, 20 km E Potrero Grande, 14.i.2004, J. E. Barriga leg. [35º11′0.8″S 70º55′57.5″W], fogging s/  Nothofagus dombeyi (MACN) ; 1♀, same data, fogging s/  Lomatia dentata ,  Nothofagus obliqua (MACN) ; 2 ♀♀, El Relvo, 20 km E Potrero Grande, 3.ii.2004, J. E. Barriga leg. [35º11′13″S 70º56′7″W], fogging s/  Nothofagus dombeyi (MACN) . </p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has a Holarctic distribution (Europe from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, from England to southern Russia), Siberia, Canada (British Columbia), and the USA (PUTSHKOV &amp; PUTSHKOV 1996, PUTHSKOV et al. 1999). Here we add the first record from the Andean Region in Chile.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Considering the geographic distribution of this species, its presence in Chile is rather curious, although the characteristics of the specimens examined match perfectly the diagnostic characters given by WYGODZINSKY (1966) and PUTSHKOV et al. (1999). We consider  E. vagabundus a new alien species of  Heteroptera in Chile. </p>
            <p> In the last years, several  Heteroptera have been cited for the first time in Central Zone of Chile: the reduviids  Zelus renardii Kolenati, 1857 (CURKOVIC ET AL. 2004) and  Zelus cervicalis Stål, 1872 (ELGUETA &amp; CARPINTERO 2004) [PRADO (2008) cited this record as a misidentification of  Z. renardii ]; and the pentatomid  Loxa deducta Walker, 1867 (MONDACA et al. 2008). FAÚN- DEZ &amp; VERDEJO (2009) explained that some changes in abundance and composition of central Chilean fauna could be due to the extensive use of these territories for crops after 1900. This current scenario (i.e. without native plants) is propitious for the introduction, establishment, and posterior expansion and colonization of exotic species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7590967B925FFB1FEAFFC20FCBAE446	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, María Cecilia;Faúndez, Eduardo Iván;Ilpla;Conicet;Unlp;Cebc	Melo, María Cecilia, Faúndez, Eduardo Iván, Ilpla, Conicet, Unlp, Cebc (2011): Synopsis of the genus Empicoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Chile. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 51 (1): 11-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5327122
A7590967B926FFB1FEE6FD3AFBD3E267.text	A7590967B926FFB1FEE6FD3AFBD3E267.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Empicoris Wolff 1811	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the Chilean species of  Empicoris Wolff, 1811</p>
            <p> 1 Lateral carina of hind lobe of pronotum distinguishable at anterior portion only (Fig. 3); apex of pterostigma generally reddish; posterior margin of pygophore deeply emarginate (Fig. 4). ................................................................  E. rubromaculatus (Blackburn, 1889)</p>
            <p>– Lateral carina of hind lobe of pronotum complete (Fig. 5); pterostigma only rarely reddish at apex; posterior margin of process of pygophore not deeply emarginate. .................... 2</p>
            <p> 2 Hind wings conspicuously spotted apically; lateral carina of pronotum in most specimens with a small projecting process; pterostigma more or less extensively darkened. ............. .................................................................................................  E. errabundus (Say, 1832)</p>
            <p>– Hind wings not spotted apically; lateral carina of pronotum lacking anterior projection; pterostigma darkened or not. ........................................................................................... 3</p>
            <p> 3 Pterostigma with two or three dark spots; parameres bilobed apically (Fig. 6). ................ ........................................................................................  E. culiciformis (De Geer, 1773)</p>
            <p> – Pterostigma uniformly whitish; parameres pointed apically (Fig. 7). ................................ .......................................................................................  E. vagabundus (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A7590967B926FFB1FEE6FD3AFBD3E267	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Melo, María Cecilia;Faúndez, Eduardo Iván;Ilpla;Conicet;Unlp;Cebc	Melo, María Cecilia, Faúndez, Eduardo Iván, Ilpla, Conicet, Unlp, Cebc (2011): Synopsis of the genus Empicoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) in Chile. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 51 (1): 11-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5327122
