identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
A710879DCD23FF8CD3CB48FA9D06DF02.text	A710879DCD23FF8CD3CB48FA9D06DF02.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meriania barbosae Humberto Mend., Alvear & Almeda 2014	<div><p>Meriania barbosae Humberto Mend., Alvear &amp; Almeda, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 2)</p> <p>Meriania barbosae is distinguished by its rufous pubescence on the branches, petioles, inflorescence, hypanthium and calyx; sessile glandular hyaline trichomes on the abaxial foliar surface; foliar lamina base subpeltate; calyptrate calyx, calyptra obtuse apically with dorsal or external teeth like rough calluses; corolla spreading; stamens slightly dimorphic, with subulate dorsal connective appendages.</p> <p>Type:― COLOMBIA. Caldas: Florencia, de Ranchoquemado por la vía a Pensilvania, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.16334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.3869443" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.16334/lat 5.3869443)">Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia</a>, 5º23’13”N, 75º9’48” W, 1800−2000 m, 27 September 1993 (fl), C. Barbosa 14932-95 (holotype: FMB! 34472; isotypes: COL!, HUA).</p> <p>Tree up to 6 m tall. Young branches quadrangular. Branches, petioles, inflorescence branches, hypanthium and calyx densely covered with a rufous indumentum of asperous-headed to irregularly branched trichomes 0.3−1.2 mm long, also with hyaline sessile glandular trichomes ca. 0.1 mm in diameter. Petioles 2−5.2 cm long, terete. Leaves opposite and isophyllous, 16.5−20.5 × 9−11 cm, ovate to elliptic, apex blunt-acuminate, base subpeltate, or rounded to slightly cordate when young, margin entire; adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface with hyaline sessile glandular trichomes and branched trichomes similar to those on the branches, mostly restricted to the veins; venation acrodromous, the primary nerve flat on the adaxial surface, prominent on the abaxial surface, with 2−3 pairs of secondary nerves, but only the innermost pair extending to the blade apex and converging with the primary nerve, the secondaries basal, impressed on the adaxial surface and prominent on the abaxial surface, tertiaries percurrent (transversals), impressed on the adaxial surface, slightly prominent on the abaxial surface. Inflorescence terminal, compound thyrsoid, 10−12 cm long, sessile or pedunculate, penduncle 3−3.5 cm long, with 6−15 pedicellate flowers, rachis with 2−3 nodes, quadrangular; paracladia 6−8 cm long, not branched, branchlets triflorous with scars of aborted flowers at the base of the adjacent persistent flowers. Bracts and bracetoles not seen. Flowers 5-merous, on pedicels 7−11 mm long. Hypanthium 9−10 mm long, cup-like, cylindrical, externally smooth, torus thickened 4−4.5 mm. Calyx calyptrate, calyptra apically obtuse in bud, opening by irregular fissures with basal parts of the calyx remaining attached to the hypanthium in post-dehiscence, in fruit lengthening up to 5 mm long; external or dorsal teeth roughened-callous. Petals 2.9−3.2 × 2.2−2.4 cm, magenta, spreading, obovate, glabrous. Stamens 10, slightly dimorphic, the antepetalous whorl with longer anthers. Antepetalous stamens: filaments 1.6−1.8 cm long, ascendant elbow or filament apex/base of the connective junction triangular, ca. 5.5 × 2 mm; the dorsal connective appendage ca. 5 mm long, subulate, parallel to the anther and pointing to the apical pore; anther thecae ca. 12 mm long, subulate and sigmoid, pore 0.3−0.4 mm in diameter, dorsally inclined; pedoconnective ca. 1−2.6 mm long. Antesepalous stamens: filaments 1.7−1.8 mm long, ascendant elbow or filament apex/base of the connective junction widely triangular, ca. 3−3.2 × 2.5−2.6 mm; dorsal connective appendage ca. 3.5 mm long, subulate, parallel to the anther and pointing to the apical pore; anther thecae ca. 10 mm long, subulate and strongly arched dorsally, pore 0.3−0.4 mm in diameter, dorsally inclined; pedoconnective absent. Style 1.8 cm long, cylindrical, apically curved in open flowers; stigma slightly expanded. Ovary 6−7 × 6 mm, ovoid, superior, 5-locular, fused to hypanthium basally up to 1 mm, apex with a few tooth-like lobes that do not enclose the style base; axile placentae 2.3 × 1.2 mm, obovate, with ovules concealing the surface. Immature capsule 1.3−1.7 × 1.3−1.4 cm, completely enclosed by the hypanthium and remnants of the receptacle. Immature seeds 2.5−2.8 mm long, narrowly cuneiform, brown, lateral symmetrical plane narrowly oblong, the chalazal end expanded into an elongate wing-like apically ± horizontally flattened appendage, the antiraphal plane rounded-angulate, the raphal zone narrowly oblong-carinate, extending the entire length of the seed and expanded at the hilar end into an acicular appendage, testa ± smooth.</p> <p>Phenology: —Collected in late September with flowers, and with fruits in March.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution: ― Endemic to Colombia where it is known only from the type locality in the Selva de Florencia National Park, located in the department of Caldas on the eastern flank of the cordillera Central. This species grows between 1573 and 2000 m.</p> <p>Conservation status: ―This species is presently known only in the Selva de Florencia National Park. This protected area was established in 2005 with an area of ca. 100 km 2 of subandean forest at 850−2400 m, with high levels of precipitation (over 8000 mm annually). It is surrounded by highly disturbed areas and more than 50 peasant families still reside within the park boundaries (Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia 2014). Based on georeferenced data from the known collections, GeoCAT (Bachman et al. 2011) was used to calculate extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) based on a user defined cell of 2 km. The area of occupancy for Meriania barbosae is 8.000 km ². Using IUCN guidelines and criteria (IUCN 2001, 2011, 2014), we assign this species a conservation status of Critically Endangered CR B2ab(iii). It will be important to encourage ex situ propagation in botanical gardens in Colombia and elsewhere.</p> <p>Etymology: ―We dedicate this new species to César Barbosa, a notable Colombian botanist, and collector of the type specimen. His botanical collections from Selva de Florencia National Park represent the first ever made in this protected area.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): ― COLOMBIA. Caldas: Samaná, corregimiento de Florencia, Parque Nacional Natural Selva de Florencia, sector de manejo <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.0613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.522333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.0613/lat 5.522333)">Florencia</a>, sendero <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.0613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.522333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.0613/lat 5.522333)">Bocatomas</a>, cerca de <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.0613&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.522333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.0613/lat 5.522333)">Río Claro</a>, 05°31.34’ N, 75°3.678’W, 1573 m, 2 March 2011 (fr), M. Alvear et al. 1459 (CAS!, COL!, FMB!, HUA!, NY!).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A710879DCD23FF8CD3CB48FA9D06DF02	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mendoza-Cifuentes, Humberto;Almeda, Frank;Alvear, Marcela	Mendoza-Cifuentes, Humberto, Almeda, Frank, Alvear, Marcela (2014): Novelties in Meriania (Melastomataceae: Merianieae) from Andean rainforests of Colombia. Phytotaxa 178 (1): 23-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.178.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.178.1.2
A710879DCD21FF89D3CB4F2C9B80D61D.text	A710879DCD21FF89D3CB4F2C9B80D61D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Meriania fantastica Alvear, Humberto Mend. & Almeda 2014	<div><p>Meriania fantastica Alvear, Humberto Mend. &amp; Almeda, sp. nov. (Figs. 3, 4, 5)</p> <p>Meriania fantastica is distinguished by a knobby scutum at the adaxial petiole apex, the strongly revolute auriculate lobes at the abaxial foliar base, the comparatively large flowers about 15 cm in diameter, the orange petals that are blunt-lacerate or irregularly lobed, the dimorphic stamens, and the calyx teeth that are modified into thickened callosities positioned just below the truncate calyx.</p> <p>Type: — COLOMBIA. Putumayo: Carretera desde San Francisco a Mocoa, alrededores del Km 88, 1° 6.802’ N, 76° 50.060’ W, 2314 m, 16 February 2013 (fl, fr), M. Alvear, J.D. García &amp; D. Alvear. 1851 (holotype: COL!; isotypes: CAS!, CAUP!, CUVC!, FMB!, HUA!, MO!, NY!, PSO!, US!).</p> <p>Tree up to 20 m tall. Internodes subquadrangular or quadrangular, with rounded edges, canaliculate. All vegetative and reproductive organs prevailingly glabrous except for the inconspicuous glandular punctuate abaxial foliar surface. Petioles 2.7−7.9 cm long, abaxially flattened; apex with a scutum. Leaves opposite and somewhat anisophyllous, 15.5−31 × 10.4−20 cm, membranaceous, elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate to suborbicular, apex shortly blunt-acuminate and commonly twisted or folded, base truncate to rounded with prominent auricles (0.8–2 × 1.5–3 cm) forming domatial pockets, margin entire to somewhat crenulate; adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface minutely glandular-punctate with sessile to short-stalked and sometimes clavate glandular trichomes less than 0.2 mm long; venation acrodromous, the primary nerve flat on the adaxial surface, prominent on the abaxial surface, with 3 pairs of secondary nerves, but only the innermost two pairs extending to the blade apex and converging with the primary nerve, the secondaries basal, impressed on the adaxial surface and prominent on the abaxial surface, tertiaries percurrent (transversals), impressed on the adaxial surface, slightly prominent on the abaxial surface. Inflorescence terminal, compound thyrsoid, 10−12 cm long, sessile with three main branches from the base, with 5−12 pedicellate flowers, rachis with 1−2 nodes, quadrangular; paracladia 7.5 cm long, not branched, branchlets or floriferous shoots triflorous. Bracts and bracetoles not seen. Flowers 5-merous, ca. 15 cm in diameter, on pedicels 1.5−2.5 cm long. Hypanthium 1.4−1.8 cm long, campanulate, glabrous, torus thickened 3.8−5 mm. Calyx truncate, receptacle 0.7−0.9 cm long; external calyx teeth modified into thick roughened callosities. Corolla spreading, petals 6.5−8.5 × 4.0− 5.8 cm, obovate, bright orange, apex strongly asymmetrical, the margin commonly irregularly blunt-lacerate or irregularly ruptured on mature open flowers, glabrous. Stamens 10, slightly dimorphic, the antepetalous whorl with comparatively longer anthers and the antesepalous whorl with comparatively longer filaments; both whorls with magenta filaments, elbow or filament apex/ base of the connective junction yellow, anthers purple-magenta; dorsal connective appendages absent. Antepetalous stamens: filaments 3.3−3.5 cm long, ascendant elbow or filament apex/base of the connective junction triangular and expanded on the sides, ca. 1.0 cm long; anther thecae 2.2−2.5 cm long, subulate and slightly sigmoid, pore 0.73−0.85 mm in diameter, dorsally inclined; pedoconnective absent. Antesepalous stamens: filaments 3.5−4 cm long, ascendant elbow or filament apex/base of the connective junction triangular, 0.79−0.97 cm long; anther thecae 1.4−1.8 cm long, subulate and sigmoid, pore 0.78−0.85 mm in diameter, dorsally inclined; pedoconnective absent. Style 1−2.3 cm long, conic, apically curved in open flowers, magenta; stigma slightly expanded. Ovary 1.0−1.3 × 0.89−9.3 cm, ovoid, apically lobed, superior, 5-locular, apex with rounded lobes 0.2−1.3 mm long enclosing the style base; axile placentae obovate with cordate apex 2.2−2.5 × 2.2−2.4 mm, with ovules concealing the entire surface. Capsule 1.8−2 × 2−2.3 cm, only partially to medially enclosed by the hypanthium and remains of the receptacle. Seeds 1.5−2.2 mm long, cuneiform, pale brown, lateral symmetrical plane oblong-cuneate, the chalazal end expanded into an inconspicuous apically truncate appendage, the antiraphal plane bluntly angled, the raphal zone oblong, dark brown and extending about ¼ the length of the seed, testa ± smooth.</p> <p>Phenology: ―The species has been collected with flowers in February, March and September, and with fruits in March.</p> <p>Habitat and distribution: ― Endemic to Colombia where it is only known from six collections, five from Putumayo (road from Valle del Sibundoy to Mocoa) and one from Cauca (Santa Rosa, Bota Caucana). All the collections come from a small region on the eastern flank of the “Nudo de los Pastos” and “Macizo Colombiano”, an area where the three Colombian cordilleras of the Andes are united in southernmost Colombia. This eastern flank drains to the Amazon basin. This species grows in Andean forests at 1500 and 2000−2800 m.</p> <p>Etymology: —The name of this new species refers to the unusually large and strikingly showy flowers.</p> <p>Conservation status: ―This species is known only from two populations. Most of the collections come from the population in Putumayo from the forests along a main road in an region lacking protected status. The other collection comes from the buffer zone of the Serranía de los Churumbelos National Park. Based on georeferenced data from the known collections, GeoCAT (Bachman et al. 2011) was used to calculate extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) based on a user defined cell of 2 km. The extent of occurrence for Meriania fantastica is 144.536 km ² and the area of occupancy is 12.000 km ². Using IUCN guidelines and criteria (IUCN 2001, 2011, 2014) and its restricted extent of occurrence, we assign this species a conservation status of Endangered EN B2ab(iii). It is important that urgent measures be taken to protect the few known sites where this species grows. We also strongly advise propagation in botanical gardens since this species has extraordinary ornamental potential.</p> <p>Additional specimens examined (paratypes): ― COLOMBIA. Cauca: Santa Rosa, corregimiento de San Juan de Villalobos, vereda <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.337135&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.5029833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.337135/lat 1.5029833)">Palmeras</a>, zona amortiguadora del <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.337135&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.5029833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.337135/lat 1.5029833)">Parque Nacional Serranía de Los Churumbelos</a>, camino a la quebrada <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.337135&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.5029833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.337135/lat 1.5029833)">La Puerca</a> y al <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-76.337135&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.5029833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -76.337135/lat 1.5029833)">Filo del Tigre</a>, 1° 30.179’ N, 76° 20.228’ W, 1523 m, 21 February 2013 (fl) M. Alvear et al. 1911 (CAS!, COL!); Putumayo: Mocoa, Río Blanco, 2400 m, 28 February 1981 (fl), G. Mahecha 8869 (COL!); carretera San Francisco−Mocoa, 2100−2300 m, 30 January 1973 (fl), L. E. Mora-O. 6242 (COL!); San Francisco−Mocoa, 2000 m, March 1978 (fl), F. Sánchez s.n. (COL!); Río Blanco, 2400 m, March 1981 (fl), G. Mahecha s.n. (COL!); Mocoa, carretera entre Sibundoy y Mocoa, El Mirador, 2000 m, 7 September 1998 (fl), H. Mendoza 6056, 7019 (FMB!); Sibundoy, entre Río Blanco y La Cabaña, 2300−2800 m, 6 March 1987 (fl), B. Ramírez 937 (PSO!); Mocoa, carretera entre San Francisco y Mocoa, 2700 m, 29 January 1973 (fl), E. Hernández 351 (PSO!).</p> <p>from Alvear 1851; Meriania hernandoi photos from Alvear 1856; all photos by M. Alvear).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A710879DCD21FF89D3CB4F2C9B80D61D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Mendoza-Cifuentes, Humberto;Almeda, Frank;Alvear, Marcela	Mendoza-Cifuentes, Humberto, Almeda, Frank, Alvear, Marcela (2014): Novelties in Meriania (Melastomataceae: Merianieae) from Andean rainforests of Colombia. Phytotaxa 178 (1): 23-32, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.178.1.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.178.1.2
