taxonID	type	description	language	source
A51DE750E03FE140DDCDF9A15034FE5E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, ten specimens, immature. NHM Reg. Nos 2004.2918 – 2927. Remarks This widely distributed species has been recorded previously in Hong Kong waters (Hirayama 1991). However, it very closely resembles a number of other species and subspecies. For a discussion of the problems, and characters to distinguish Ampelisca brevicornis from other Hong Kong species, see under Ampelisca tansani (Hirayama, 1991).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E03EE14BDD88FDBD5005FCE0.taxon	description	(Figures 1, 2) Type Material Holotype, male, 5.5 mm, NHM Reg. No. 2004.2928. Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, male holotype, female paratype, juvenile paratype, NHM Reg. Nos. 2004.2929 – 2930. Description Mature male holotype, 5.5 mm. Body smooth, pereonites 3 and 4 subequal; pereonite 5 the longest. Gills on pereonites 3 – 4 elongate, length about five times width. Antenna 1, peduncle scarcely setose; peduncular article 2 longest, almost three times as long as article 3; flagellum composed of eight articles. Antenna 2 slightly shorter than antenna 1; peduncular article 4 longest; flagellum with two articles. Mouthparts: Upper lip lost during preparation. Lower lip apically setose; inner lobes very well demarcated. Mandibles with strong molar process; left mandible, incisor five-toothed (three visible in Figure 2), lacinia mobilis five-toothed (four visible in Figure 2), three dentate setae; right mandible, incisor six-toothed, lacinia mobilis three-cusped, two dentate setae, molar flake present; palp three-articulate; article 2 with one seta proximally and two distally, article 3 acute apically with a setal formula 1 - 2 - 1. Maxilla 1 outer plate with six teeth; distal article of palp with four apical spines and two simple setae medially. Maxilla 2 inner plate with three setae; outer plate, longer than inner plate, with eight setae apically. Maxilliped, inner plate, rectangular, with three robust simple setae and one plumose seta apically; outer plate reaching halfway along palp article 2, margin lobed, with one robust seta distally, one robust simple seta inserted medially in a recess between lobes, and two mediofacial simple setae; palp article 3 with a well developed acute process, five ventral simple robust setae; dactylus slender, elongate, acute. Gnathopod 1 propodus triangular, length 1.7 times proximal width; palm strongly serrate with a single proximal grasping spine; dactylus with six strong teeth ventrally. Gnathopod 2 inserted about a third from the anterior end of pereonite 2; basis a little shorter than pereonite 2; carpus very reduced; propodus strongly curved, length about twice width, palm deeply excavate with a proximal slender projection with a single grasping spine and an acute medial projection; dactylus curved, reaching proximal palmar projection. Pereopods 3 and 4 subequal in length, uni-articulate, approximately one quarter of gill length, about 2.5 times width. Pereopod 3 and 4 with two simple setae and one setule apically, and one simple seta medially. Pereopod 5, of six articles, slender, simple, inserted in posterior third of pereonite 5. Pereopods 6 – 7 subequal, composed of six articles, more robust than pereopod 5, propodus with proximal projection and grasping spines. Abdomen with a pair of appendages, a pair of lateral lobes, and a single dorsal lobe with two setules. Appendages uniarticulate, setulose with one slender setule sub-apically. Penes short, situated laterally. Remarks This species is placed within the genus Monoliropus Mayer, 1903, which currently contains three species; Monoliropus agilis Mayer, 1903, M. falcimanus Mayer, 1904, M. tener Arimoto 1968, although according to Laubitz (1991) it is probable that M. tener and Orthoprotella hamata Arimoto, 1981, are synonymous with M. falcimanus. Monoliropus concavimanus sp. nov. resembles M. agilis sensu Laubitz (1991) most closely but can be differentiated from it by the setal formula of article 3 of the mandibular palp (1 - 2 - 1 vs 1 - 3 - 1), uni-articulate pereopods 3 and 4, (versus 2 - articulate for M. agilis) and the more deeply excavate palm of gnathopod 2. The genus Monoliropus can also be confused with the genus Triprotella Arimoto, 1970, which was described from a single specimen collected in the Arabian Sea, and its only species, T. amica Arimoto, 1970, has since been redescribed from Tanzania by Guerra-Garcia (2002). The Hong Kong species differs from T. amica in the setal formula of article 3 of the mandibular palp (1 - 2 - 1 vs 1 - 1 - 1), and the morphology of the gnathopods. Etymology From the Latin, concavus (f) meaning hollowed or arched inward, and manus (f) meaning hand, reminiscent of the characteristically deeply excavate propodus of gnathopod 2.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E035E14BDD95FC8650B5F903.taxon	description	(Figures 3 – 4)	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E035E14BDD95FC8650B5F903.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Cape d’Aguilar, Hong Kong Island, Gelidium pusillum beds, 11 females, 4 males, 1 juvenile, NHM Reg. Nos. 2004.2932 – 42. Remarks This species has been recorded previously from Chinese waters and appears to resemble most closely the form of the Florida male specimen figured by Laubitz (1972), and that illustrated by Guerra-Garcia and Takeuchi (2002) from North Africa. However there are problems with Caprella penantis since it is likely to be a complex of many different species (the old complex C. acutifrons). There is no complete recent redescription of Caprella penantis. The peduncle of antenna 1 of the Hong Kong species is closer to C. andrae and C. dilatata, the pereopods and particularly the gnathopod 2 are also different. Eventually this entity may be given specific status but a thorough revision of the complex is required, which is beyond the scope of this work.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E034E149DDBBFA35539BFAAC.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Three juvenile specimens, Steep Island cave, NHM Reg. Nos. 2004.2943 – 2945. Remarks This species was collected previously from Hoi Ha Wan and Three Fathoms Cove, Hong Kong (Hirayama 1990). In Hong Kong, the genus Corophium is composed of twelve species. Corophium mortoni can be distinguished from other closely related Corophium species (C. acherusicum, C. californianum, C. tuberculatum) by the dactyl of gnathopod 2 having only one tooth, and the ramus of uropod 3 being more than twice as long as the peduncle (Hirayama 1990).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E037E14FDD23FAC3500AF903.taxon	description	(Figure 5) Holotype Unique specimen, 2 mm, sex indeterminate, possibly juvenile, epifaunal site A 10, entrance to Conic Island Cave, Hong Kong, NHM Reg. No. 2004.2946. Description Antenna 1, ordinary; peduncle of three articles, article 1 longer than article 2, article 2 longer than article 3; primary flagellum of eight articles, unreduced; accessory flagellum of three articles. Antenna 2 ordinary; flagellum of six articles, unreduced. Mouthparts: Maxillipedal palp of four articles, article 4 claviform. Pereonites 1 – 7 dorsally smooth. Gnathopod 1: simple; coxa 1 shorter than coxa 2 tapering distally with a simple seta on distal margin; anterior margin straight; basis long, slender, (length 4 × breadth), anterior and posterior margins smooth with simple setae; ischium short, (length 1.5 × breadth); merus, short, with patch of short setules on posterior margin; carpus short, posterior margin with one long and four short setae; propodus tapering distally, (length 3.8 × breadth), one simple seta and one setule along posterior margin; dactyl conspicuous, hooked distally. Gnathopod 2: minutely chelate; coxa large, subequal to coxa 3, expanded distally, with 5 setules on distal margin; ischium long, (length 2.8 × breadth); carpus short (length 2.3 × breadth), longer than propodus; propodus short, subrectangular, (length 1.4 × breadth), with patch of short setules on posterior margin, seven long simple setae anterodistally, decreasing in size; dactyl short. Pereopod 3: strongly prehensile, parachelate, coxa large, subequal to coxa 2 expanded slightly distally with 4 setules on distal margin; basis long (length 3.8 × breadth); merus elongate, (length 2.5 × breadth); carpus long, (length 3 × breadth) and tapering distally; propodus expanded posteriorly to form convex palm with eight setules along the palmar margin and two robust setae distally; dactylus long, slender, slightly curved, meeting palm edge. Pereopod 4: simple, coxa deeper than wide, large posteroventral lobe with both anterior and posterior margins rounded, fringed with fine setae; dactylus long, slender, slightly curved. Pereopod 6: basis expanded posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, with four setules; merus produced into a small lobe posteriorly; remaining articles missing. Pereopod 7: as pereopod 6 but with basis more expanded posteriorly, posterior margin concave distally with six setules. Uropod 1: biramous, inner and outer rami subequal with two short robust setae on the outer ramus and one short robust seta on the inner ramus; peduncle, longer than rami, with one shorter and one longer robust seta present on peduncle at base of rami. Uropod 2: biramous, with one robust seta on the inner margin of the outer ramus, peduncle subequal in length to rami. Uropod 3: biramous, well developed; outer ramus 1 - articulate and bifurcate, inner fork shorter than outer fork, inner margin with fringe of microsetules; inner ramus reaching level of inner fork of outer ramus, with fringe of microsetules on outer margin. Telson: short, entire, with two anteriorly directed setae. Remarks The lysianassoid genus Ensayara Barnard, 1964 currently contains eight species. Ensayara can be distinguished from Endevoura Chilton, 1921, the only other genus in the family Endevouridae (Lowry and Stoddart 1997) by the dactyl of the maxilliped palp which is claviform rather than spatulate, in the unreduced flagellae of the antennae and in the smooth anterior margin of the gnathopod 1 basis. A single specimen of Ensayara bifurcata sp. nov. was collected from Hong Kong. E. bifurcata differs from all other species in the genus most notably in the outer ramus of uropod 3 which is uniarticulate and bifurcate. In all other species, the outer ramus is biarticulate. This species, though undoubtedly new, is not described in full because the holotype is unique, fragile and possibly a juvenile. Nevertheless, enough characters are included here to distinguish it from other species until further material from the type locality is acquired. Etymology From the Latin bifurcus, meaning two-forked, alluding to the bifurcate outer ramus of uropod 3.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E030E14EDD86FF255295FD57.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Cape D’Aguilar, Hong Kong Island, on Gelidium pusillum, two specimens, one male, one damaged and indeterminate, NHM Reg. Nos. 2004.2947 – 2948. Remarks The most distinctive characteristic of this species is the 1 - articulate, lanceolate, setose flagellum of antenna 2. Gnathopod 2 of this species resembles that of Elasmopus molokai Barnard, 1970, and E. piikoi Barnard, 1970. However, Elasmopus sp. A lacks the proximal palmar defining process. Uropod 3 outer ramus apex is spinose, closer to Elasmopus molokai than E. piikoi. This species is probably synonymous with Elasmopus sp. A of Moore (1990) since both the current material and Moore’s species lack the castellated posterior margin of pereopod 7 basis and the dense setation of the posterior margin of male gnathopod 2 propodus.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E030E14EDDACFCDA55ADFAB8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Cape D’Aguilar, Hong Kong Island, on Gelidium pusillum, 2 specimens, 1 male, 1 female, NHM Reg. Nos. 2004.2949 – 2950. Remarks This species has been recorded previously in Hong Kong waters (Ren 1994). These Hong Kong specimens differ from those figured by Barnard (1970) and Myers (1985) in possession of four to five spines on dactyls of pereopods 5 – 7, rather than three, and the lack of palmar projection, as figured in the male gnathopod 2 in Myers’ specimens from Fiji.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E030E14DDE43FA9A5230FEF6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Cape d’Aguilar, Hong Kong Island, from mussel (Septifer virgatus) beds, four males, four females and six juvenile specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2004.2961 – 2970. Remarks. A single male specimen was collected in Hong Kong waters by Moore (1990), who stated that the characteristic feature of the species was the setose second antenna. This character is seen also in Ptilohyale iole (Barnard 1970) from Hawaii and P. barbicornis (Hiwatari and Kajihara 1981) from Japan. Superficially, this species looks like P. barbicornis but has some subtle differences that lead me to believe it is likely to be a new species. Antenna 2, although distinctly setose, is not plumose as in other species of the genus. This is not a result of sexual dimorphism, but is seen in both males and females from Hong Kong.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E033E14CDE7DFC565321FEB6.taxon	description	(Figure 6) Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, one female specimen, NHM Reg. No. 2004.2971. Remarks Since the taxonomy of this group is based primarily on the adult males, illustrations of the female specimen are provided but a full description awaits more specimens, of adult males in particular. The species resembles C. oceanicus Lowry, 1985, from Fiji but can be distinguished from this species by the possession of an acute slightly deflexed rostrum reaching halfway along the first article of antenna 1 (compared to one third for C. oceanicus).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E033E14DDD7DFE7152A4FCE5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Cape d’Aguilar, Hong Kong Island, on Gelidium pusillum, 7 male, 7 female and 4 juvenile specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2004.2951 – 2960. Remarks Eleven males of this species were collected by Moore (1990). Confirmation of the presence of this species in Hong Kong extends the distribution from Hainan Island, Vietnam, (Ren, cited in Huang 1994) and Hawaii (Barnard 1970).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E032E14CDD81FEB955BCFC98.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Epifauna station 1, (21 / 10 / 02) three specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.6 – 8; Epifauna station 2 (25 / 10 / 02), three specimens NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.3 – 5; Epifauna station 11 (25 / 10 / 02), one specimen; Epifauna station 14, (21 / 10 / 02), eight specimens; Epifauna station 15 (21 / 10 / 02), one specimen; all from Conic Island Cave, Hong Kong. Remarks Moore (1990) recorded Ericthonius brasiliensis, from a fouling community in Tolo harbour, Hong Kong. The species is well known for its problematic taxonomy and widespread distribution (Venezuela, Brazil, West Indies, New England and Mediterranean Sea). A full account of this species is given by Myers and McGrath (1984).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E032E14CDE3AFC7A5286F9A6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Steep Island Cave, eight female specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.13 – 20; Telegraph Bay, 2 female specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.11 – 12. Remarks The genus Paraloiloi is closest to Aloiloi Barnard, but differs in the much more elongate eye lobes, rod shaped mandibular palp article 3, elongate maxilliped article 4, slender antennae, with flagella equal in length to peduncle, enlarged basis and small subequal carpus and propodus of male gnathopod 2, uropod 2 with interramal tooth and uropod 3 with rami longer than peduncle. Paraloiloi is a monotypic genus with Paraloiloi vaga from Papua New Guinea its only described species. Paraloiloi sp. A differs from that species by the formation of the coxae, gnathopod 1 lacking any palmar projections, gnathopod 2 propodus larger than the carpus, mandibular palp article 3 not rod shaped but falcate, article 2 elongate, the interramal projection on uropod 2 extends more than halfway along the rami (in P. vaga it extends to about one third of the rami). However, more specimens, including adult males are required before a complete description can be made.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E032E153DD98F981504FFDAB.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, one specimen, NHM Reg. No. 2005.2822. Remarks The single specimen closely resembles Listriella (Idunella) janisae Imbach 1967, however, the dactyls of pereopods 3 and 4 appear longer in the Hong Kong specimen, and the dorsal teeth on pleonal segments 4 and 5 are more distinct than figured. These features are not clear from the figures or description of Imbach (1967). Examination of more material is required before the identity of this specimen can be confirmed.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E02DE153DE66FDA8535FFBAF.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, one adult female specimen, NHM Reg. No. 2005.23. Remarks One specimen of Megaluropus was collected from the sandy control site. It corresponds most closely to Megaluropus massiliensis (Ledoyer 1975) which was recorded from Tomioka Bay, West Kyushu by Hirayama (1986), but it differs from this species by the lack of acute point on the eyelobe apex and the telson having 4 large setae on each lobe dorsally rather than being ‘‘ dispersively and minutely bristly’ ’ as indicated by Hirayama (1986).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E02DE153DDD5FBAC52E5F903.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Conic Island Cave Epifauna station 2 (25 / 10 / 02), 25 specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2835 – 2844; Epifauna station 3 (25 / 10 / 02), nine specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2845 – 2853; Epifauna station 4 (25 / 10 / 02), six specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2854 – 2859; Epifauna station 11 (25 / 10 / 02), one specimen; Epifauna station 14, (21 / 10 / 02), five specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2860 – 2864; Epifauna station 15 (21 / 10 / 02), one specimen, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2865; Station A 7, one specimen, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2866; Hoi Ha Epifauna Q, two specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2867; Steep Island Cave, three specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2868 – 2870. Remarks This species, originally described from Hawaii, was one of the most abundant and commonly collected amphipods during the cave study. The presence of this species in Hong Kong extends its distribution from Hawaii (Barnard 1955, 1970).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E02CE152DDB7FD42554DFA70.taxon	description	(Figure 7) Harpiniopsis vadiculus Hirayama 1987. Material examined Numerous females, males and juvenile specimens, from site D, 12.3 m depth, 28 m from mouth of Conic Island Cave, NHM Reg. Nos 2005.2719 – 2748. One female specimen from site C, 15 m depth, 20 m from mouth of Conic Island Cave, NHM Reg. No. 2005.2718. Remarks This species was collected from the anoxic sediments at the back of the cave. This species is the fourth phoxocephalid to be recorded from the South China Sea, only three genera and three species having been reported previously (Lowry 2000). Harpiniopsis vadiculus can be distinguished from closely related species by the characteristic P 7 basis, setation of epimeres 1 – 3, and the bevelled coxa 4. A complete description and illustrations of this species can be found in Hirayama (1987). Harpiniopsis vadiculus, along with the tanaidacean Pakistanapseudes hodgsoni Bamber, 2000, the anthuridean isopod Caenanthura ibex Bamber 2008, and the bivalve Theora lata (Hinds 1843), is part of an assemblage of species so far found only (in Hong Kong waters) in the sediments of this cave. Harpiniopsis vadiculus was originally described from the Ariake Sea, Japan, which is the largest embayment on the west coast of Kyushu. The inner half of this sea is muddy (Hirayama 1983), a similar habitat to that of the cave sediments. This record extends the distribution of the species from West Kyushu, Japan, to Hong Kong.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E02CE152DDDDFF2352C2FDF0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, 2 specimens, immature, NHM Reg. Nos. 2004.204 – 205. Remarks The species was described from west Kyushu, Japan, and can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the dactyls of pereopods 1 – 4, which exceed half the propod length, a reduced article 3 of the mandibular palp with only 3 apical setae, and the rostrum reaching the end of peduncle article 1 of antenna 1.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E02CE155DE61F9F75073FACA.taxon	description	(Figures 8 – 10) Type material Holotype female, 3.7 mm, NHM Reg. No. 2005.34. Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, (21 / 10 / 02), unique holotype. Description Female, 3.7 mm. Head 16.8 % of total body length, rostrum constricted, narrow, exceeding apex of peduncle article 1 of antenna 1. Eyes, large, pigmented. Antenna 1: peduncle article 1 length to width ratio 1: 1, twice as wide as article 2, ventral margin with six setules; peduncle article 2 as long as article 1 with four ventral setae; primary flagellum with eight articles, 0.75 times as long as peduncle, lacking aesthetascs; accessory flagellum with seven articles. Antenna 2: peduncle article 4 robust setal formula 51 - 3 - 4 - 5 (see Barnard and Drummond 1978); dorsal margin with notch bearing one robust seta and one slender seta; ventral margin with ten slender long and short setae and one ventrodistal robust seta; peduncle article 5 about 0.8 times as long as peduncle article 4, facial robust setal formula 50 – 2, dorsal margin naked, ventral margin with two groups of 1 – 3 slender setae, three ventrodistal robust setae; flagellum 1.2 times as long as peduncle articles 4 and 5 combined, with nine articles. Mandible: weak palpar hump; left mandible incisor with three teeth; lacinia mobilis with four teeth, six plumose accessory setae; molar a short protrusion with three robust setae; right mandible incisor with two teeth and eight plumose accessory setae; palp article one short, article 2 with one long apical seta and two medium inner setae, article 3, 0.82 times as long as article 2, apex oblique with seven robust to slender setae, without basiofacial setae. Maxilla 1: inner plate, narrow with two long apical plumose setae, two shorter apical simple setae; outer plate with 11 spine teeth; palp article 2 with one apical robust seta and five slender setae; Maxilla 2: inner and outer plates subequal in length; inner plate with five plumose setae and five simple setae; outer plate with six simple setae increasing in size to the apex, and two short subapical setae. Maxilliped: inner plate with one apical robust seta, six medial plumose / simple setae, and one subapical simple seta; outer plate with four apicomedial and medial plumose robust setae, decreasing in size proximally; palp articles 1 and 2 with one apicolateral seta, one lateral simple seta on article 2, and 14 medial simple setae, article 3 subovate, slightly expanded distally, with five medial simple setae, four apicolateral simple setae and two facial setae, article 4 long, about 1.15 times as long as article 3, unguis present, long, about one third of total length. Coxae: coxa 1 strongly expanded distally; coxa 4 tapering distally, rounded posterodistal corner; posteroventral setal formula of coxae 1 – 456 - 7 - 7 - 5; coxae 5 – 7 posteroventral setal formula 54 - 2 - 1. Setal formulae on basis of gnathopods 1 – 2 and pereopods 3 – 4; long posteriors 51 - 2 - 2 - 2, short posteriors 50 - 0 - 0 - 0, long anteriors 52 - 5 - 0 - 0, short anteriors 51 - 2 - 4 - 0. Gnathopods: carpus of medium length, width ratios of carpuspropodus 51: 0.75, 1: 0.75, length ratios 51: 1.1, 1: 0.95; palmar humps ordinary, palms oblique. Pereopods 3 – 4: similar; facial setae on merus 54 and 3, on carpus 54 and 3; main spine of carpus extending to M 95 and M 88; robust setal formula of propodus 56 and 7; acclivity on inner margin of dactyls, weak. Pereopods 5 – 7: merus-carpus of pereopods 5 – 6 medium to narrow, facial robust setae rows poorly developed, facial ridge formula on basis 50 - 1 - 2; width ratios of basis, merus, carpus, propodus of pereopod 5524: 25: 21: 9, of pereopod 6540: 25: 13: 6, of pereopod 7545: 15: 11: 6; length ratios of basis, merus, carpus, propodus of pereopod 5540: 20: 20: 22, of pereopod 6547: 30: 22: 30, of pereopod 7557: 16: 12: 12; pereopod 7 basis reaching apex of carpus. Epimera: epimeron 1, posteroventral corner rounded, anteroventral margin with one plumose seta; epimeron 2 posteroventral corner rounded, with six plumose facial setae, and one simple marginal seta; epimeron 3, posteroventral corner without tooth, posterior margin rounded with two short simple setae, oblique row of four plumose facial setae, ventral margin with two simple setae. Urosomite 1 naked; urosomite 3 with large dorsal hook. Uropod 1, peduncle with two apicolateral robust setae, two basiofacial simple setae, three slender medial setae and one apicomedial enlarged robust seta; outer ramus with two dorsal robust setae, inner with one dorsomedial robust seta; uropod 2, peduncle with five dorsal robust setae; outer ramus with two dorsal robust setae, inner with one robust seta; uropods 1 – 2, apicolateral corners of peduncles without comb, both rami with articulate enlarged apical ‘‘ nails’ ’. Uropod 3 unreduced, peduncle with three ventral robust setae, two dorsal robust setae; rami feminine, outer ramus longer than peduncle, inner extending to M 50 on article 1 of outer ramus, apex with one long seta, medial and lateral margins naked; outer ramus, article 2 short, 0.2 times article 1, with two long plumose setae, apicomedial margin of article 1 with two long plumose setae, lateral margin with four acclivities, robust setal formula 51 - 1 - 1 - 1, slender setal fomula 51 - 1 - 1 - 0. Telson, length-width ratio 51: 1, not fully cleft, each apex wide, rounded, lateral acclivity, shallow, bearing a lateral setule, and a single shorter simple seta, two mid-lateral setules, one long and one short. Male Unknown. Remarks This species closely resembles Birubius wallisae Taylor and Poore, 2001, from Moreton Bay in Australia (27 ° 029 S, 153 ° 209 E), but can be easily distinguished from this species by the setation of the uropods and telson. Uropod 1, outer ramus with two dorsal robust setae, uropod 2 peduncle with 5 dorsal robust setae, outer ramus with two robust setae, compared with six, ten and four, respectively for B. wallisae. The telson of Birubius nauarchuncus also differs in having one very small seta and one setule apically and two setules dorsally on each lobe compared to one large robust seta and one setule apically, and one setule dorsally per lobe for B. wallisae. The species is currently placed in Birubius following the work of Taylor and Poore (2001). Etymology From the Latin, nauarchus, meaning captain (of a ship) and uncus, meaning hook, in reference not only to the prominent hook on urosomite 1 but also to the pirate theme of the expedition.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E02BE154DDCBFA485205FE05.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Cape d’Aguilar, Hong Kong Island, on Gelidium pusillum, 11 males, 18 females, six juveniles NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.24 – 33. Remarks Males, females and juveniles of this species were collected from Gelidium pusillum on the rocky shore of Cape d’Aguilar. It can be distinguished from Podocerus cluspiclunis sp. nov. by the lack of dorsal carination, stout antennae, and the acute elongate process on the merus of male gnathopod 2. This species has previously been recorded from Hawaii on Pocillopora (Barnard 1970), from Madagascar (Ledoyer 1972) and from Fiji amongst red algae, Halimeda, Sargassum and coral debris on the reef crest in regions of strong current (Myers 1985).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E02AE15ADE6AFE245527FCD0.taxon	description	(Figure 11) Type material Holotype male, 4.5 mm, Epifauna station 2 (25 / 10 / 02), NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2749 – 2750. Material examined Paratypes. Epifauna station 1 (21 / 10 / 02), one female specimen, one juvenile, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2760 – 2761; Epifauna station 2 (25 / 10 / 02), four females, three males and two juvenile specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2751 – 2759; Epifauna station 3 (25 / 10 / 02), one female specimen, NHM Reg. No. 2005.2762; Epifauna station 6 (21 / 10 / 02), three females, three juvenile specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2763 – 2768; Epifauna station 8 (21 / 10 / 02), one male specimen, NHM Reg. No. 2005.2769; Epifauna station 10 (21 / 10 / 02), two juvenile specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2770 – 2771; all from Conic Island Cave, Hong Kong. Description Male, holotype 4.5 mm. Lateral cephalic lobes truncated; lateral ocular bulges strongly developed. Pereon segments 3, 4, 5, and 6 with acute dorsal carinations increasing in size posteriorly; rounded dorsal carinations on pereon segment 7 and pleon segments 1 and 2. Antenna 1 slender, peduncular article ratios 1: 1.6: 1.3; accessory flagellum small, 1 - articulate; primary flagellum longer than peduncle article 3, with five articles. Antenna 2 elongate; peduncle article 5 twice the length of article 4, flagellum less than half the length of article 5 with three articles. Mouthparts typical of the genus. Gnathopod 1; coxa extended forward, rounded anterodistally; propodus slender, setose, palm obtuse almost simple; dactyl long, reaching palm edge. Male gnathopod 2; coxa produced anterodistally to a small projection with a robust seta; basis distally expanded with a posterodistal robust seta; merus with acute distal tooth; propodus enlarged, subovoid, palm and posterior margin confluent, strongly setose (setae omitted from figure for clarity), with proximal projection, mediodistal subrectangular projection and a distal process; dactyl simple, extending to proximal palmar process. Pereopods 3 – 7 ordinary. Uropod 1 elongate, peduncle with five robust setae; outer ramus shorter than inner, with four robust dorsal setae, one long robust seta and one short robust seta terminally; inner ramus with nine robust dorsal setae, one long robust seta and one short robust setae terminally. Uropod 2; peduncle short; inner ramus longer and stouter than outer ramus, with five dorsomedial robust setae, two dorsolateral robust setae, two apical robust setae and one long terminal seta; outer ramus half the length of inner ramus with two dorsomedial robust setae and two terminal robust setae. Uropod 3 very small, lacking rami and setae. Telson subtriangular with two lateral robust setae and two long terminal robust setae. Female, as male except gnathopod 2; coxa distally expanded and rounded; basis distally expanded with two posterodistal robust setae; merus without acute distal tooth as in male but with numerous distal setae; propodus subovoid, palm distinct straight and setose with three robust setae proximally; dactyl simple, extending to proximal palm edge. Remarks This species was collected at a number of sites, but was most numerous from the epifaunal samples 2, 10 and 6 on 25 / 10 / 02. The genus Podocerus is difficult taxonomically both because of the fragility of the specimens and tendency to lose appendages, and the variability in carination with growth (Moore 1990). This species most closely resembles Californian specimens of Podocerus cristatus (Thomson 1913) as figured by Barnard (1962). Despite wide intraspecific variability in the genus Podocerus, the differences warrant a new species status for the Hong Kong material. Podocerus cuspiclunis differs in having pereonal segments 3 – 7 with dorsal carination compared to segments 5 – 7 for P. cristatus, and in gnathopod 2 propodus being more robust with three distinct palmar processes compared to the two distal processes of P. cristatus. Etymology From the Latin: cuspis, (f) meaning pointed, and clunis, (f) meaning rump or buttocks, thus alluding to the carinated ‘‘ rump’ ’ area of the amphipod.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E024E15ADE68FC2052ABFA08.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, 20 female specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2781 – 2790. Remarks This species is closest to Urothoe cuspis Imbach 1967, and can be distinguished from all other Urothoe species by the distinct anterodistal and posterodistal cusps on coxa 2. Urothoe sp. A differs from Urothoe cuspis Imbach (1967) in the possession of acute posterodistal cusps on all coxae, that of coxa 7 being particularly acute. The species does not correspond with other known Urothoe species reported from the area by Lowry (2000). A full description of this species (and other Urothoe species from Hong Kong) is in progress and will be published elsewhere.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E024E159DE6DFA3F53FAFEC0.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, four ovigerous females, three adult males and five young males, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2791 – 2800. Remarks This species was described from the Bay of Nha-Trang, South Vietnam, and this record extends the distribution of the species to Hong Kong waters. The species very closely resembles U. orientalis but can be distinguished from that species by the blunt posterodistal corner of the basis of pereopod 5 (acute in U. orientalis), and the blunt ventral cephalic projection (acute in U. orientalis).	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E027E159DDC4FE7F51D9FC31.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, 25 female and 11 juvenile specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2781 – 2790. Remarks	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
A51DE750E027E159DD8AFC37509EFA78.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Long Kei Wan, control site Z, seven females, two males, and 12 juvenile specimens, NHM Reg. Nos. 2005.2811 – 2821. Remarks This species, referred to Urothoe spinidigitus by Imbach (1967), can readily be distinguished from U. spinidigitus Walker, 1904, by the toothed second epimeral plate, distal expansion of coxa 2, and further characters described in Imbach (1967). It can be distinguished from other Hong Kong Urothoe species by the similarly subchelate gnathopods 1 and 2 and the large posterior expansions of the carpus and propodus of pereopod 5.	en	Horton, Tammy (2008): Amphipoda from marine caves of Hong Kong Island. Journal of Natural History 42 (9 - 12): 825-854, DOI: 10.1080/00222930701860124, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930701860124
